WO2012013310A1 - Polymere enthaltend substituierte benzodithiopheneinheiten, blends enthaltend diese polymere sowie vorrichtungen enthaltend diese polymere oder blends - Google Patents
Polymere enthaltend substituierte benzodithiopheneinheiten, blends enthaltend diese polymere sowie vorrichtungen enthaltend diese polymere oder blends Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012013310A1 WO2012013310A1 PCT/EP2011/003594 EP2011003594W WO2012013310A1 WO 2012013310 A1 WO2012013310 A1 WO 2012013310A1 EP 2011003594 W EP2011003594 W EP 2011003594W WO 2012013310 A1 WO2012013310 A1 WO 2012013310A1
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- UZEXUJKPARNEDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brc1cc(c(-c2ccccc2)c2[s]c(Br)cc2c2-c3ccccc3)c2[s]1 Chemical compound Brc1cc(c(-c2ccccc2)c2[s]c(Br)cc2c2-c3ccccc3)c2[s]1 UZEXUJKPARNEDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to polymers comprising substituted benzodithiophene units and to blends which contain the polymers according to the invention.
- the invention is also directed to the use of the polymers and blends of the invention in organic electronic devices and to these devices themselves.
- Electronic devices containing organic, organometallic and / or polymeric semiconductors are increasingly used in commercial products or are about to
- organic-based charge transport materials e.g., triarylamine-based hole transporters
- Organic solar cells O-SC
- organic field-effect transistors O-FET
- organic thin-film transistors O-TFT
- organic switching elements O-IC
- organic optical amplifiers O-lasers
- planarization layer often made of a conductive, doped polymer
- the organic layer in this case fulfills all functions, including the emission of light.
- a system is described, for example, in WO 90/13148 A1 on the basis of poly (p-phenylenes).
- This single layer may be, for example, a
- Copolymer wherein the corresponding functional units are present in the main and / or side chain of the polymer, or they may be polymer blends, wherein different polymers contain one or more functional units as structural units. Also mixtures of both variants with functional low molecular weight
- Solution-processable polymers for OLEDs have been attracting attention for quite some time, especially for a new generation of flat panel displays or as a lighting element. Although steady improvements in polymer OLEDs have been achieved in recent years, they still show shortcomings in terms of their efficiency and lifetime over vapor deposited OLED devices, which are mostly composed of a variety of specific functional layers.
- the advantage of the polymer OLEDs lies in the simple processing of solution, wherein various layers can be easily prepared by known coating methods (pressure, spin-coating).
- low molecular weight compounds such as "small molecules"
- small molecules polymer layers having conjugated polymers which have very good electron transport properties along the polymer backbone have proven particularly advantageous. This makes it possible to realize both single-layer and two-layer OLED devices.
- the prior art also describes combinations between conjugated polymers and units of low molecular weight compounds, for example triarylamines as hole transporters in conjugated polymers. However, these are often problematic because they disrupt conjugation or promote charge-transfer complexes.
- the object of the present invention was therefore to provide compounds which, when used in organic electronic devices, do not have the abovementioned disadvantages, enable a lower operating voltage, but at the same time provide a
- Structural units of the following formula (I) contain or
- Polymer blends comprising polymers which contain structural units of the following formula (I) to reduce the
- the present invention thus relates to a polymer containing at least one structural unit of the general formula (I)
- X and Y are each independently selected from an aryl or heteroaryl group or each occurrence
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by R, wherein additionally one of the two groups X or Y may also be R,
- Each Ar 1 is independently selected from an aryl or heteroaryl group or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system
- R 1 is independently H, an aliphatic one
- the aromatic ring system according to the present invention preferably contains 6 to 60 C atoms in the ring system.
- the heteroaromatic ring system in the sense of the present invention contains 2 to 60 C atoms and at least one heteroatom in the ring system, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms gives at least 5.
- the Heteroatoms are preferably selected from Si, N, P, O, S and / or Se, more preferably selected from N, P, O and / or S.
- An aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system in the context of the present invention is also understood to mean a system which does not necessarily contain only aryl or heteroaryl groups but in which several aryl or heteroaryl groups are also hybridized by a non-aromatic moiety (preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H), such as a C- (sp 3 -hybridized ), N- or O-atom, may be interrupted.
- a non-aromatic moiety preferably less than 10% of the atoms other than H
- C- (sp 3 -hybridized ) such as a C- (sp 3 -hybridized ), N- or O-atom
- systems such as 9,9'-spirobifluorene, 9,9-diaryl fluorene, triarylamine, diaryl ethers, stilbene, etc.
- aromatic ring systems in the context of the present invention, and also systems in which two or more aryl groups, for example by a linear or cyclic alkyl group or interrupted by a silyl group.
- aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 ring atoms, which may be substituted in each case by any desired radicals R and which may have any positions on the aromatic or
- Heteroaromatics can be linked, are understood in particular groups derived from benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, perylene, fluoranthene, naphthacene,
- Pentacene benzpyrene, biphenyl, biphenylene, terphenyl, terphenyls, fluorene, spirobifluorene, dihydrophenanthrene, dihydropyrene,
- Tetrahydropyrenes cis or trans indenofluorene, Truxen, isotruxene, spirotruxene, spiroisotruxene, furan, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, dibenzofuran, thiophene, benzothiophene, isobenzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, pyrrole, indole, isoindole, carbazole, pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, acridine .
- Phenanthridine benzo-5,6-quinoline, benzo-6,7-quinoline, benzo-7,8-quinoline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine, pyrazole, indazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, naphthimidazole, phenanthrimidazole, pyrimididazole, pyrazine imidazole, quinoxaline imidazole, oxazole, Benzoxazole, naphthoxazole, anthroxazole, phenanthroxazole, isoxazole, 1, 2-thiazole, 1, 3-thiazole, benzothiazole,
- An aryl group in the sense of the present invention contains 6 to 60 C atoms;
- a heteroaryl group contains 2 to 60 C atoms and at least one heteroatom, with the proviso that the sum of C atoms and heteroatoms gives at least 5.
- the heteroatoms are preferably selected from Si, N, P, O, S and / or Se; particularly preferably selected from N, P, O or S.
- an aryl group or heteroaryl group is a simpler
- aromatic cycle ie benzene, or a simple heteroaromatic cycle, for example pyridine, pyrimidine, thiophene, etc., or a fused aryl or heteroaryl group, for example naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzothiophene,
- Carbon atoms "in the present invention is understood to mean a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical which may be linear, branched or cyclic
- One or more carbon atoms may be replaced by O, N or S.
- one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine Examples of such compounds include the following: methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, i -propyl, n -butyl, i -butyl, s -butyl, t -butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n -pentyl, s -pentyl, cyclopentyl , n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl,
- X and Y at each occurrence are each independently selected from an aryl or heteroaryl group or aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system wherein one or more H atoms may be replaced by R.
- X and Y are each independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl at each occurrence.
- Phenanthrenyl pyrenyl, chrysenyl, perylenyl, fluoranthenyl,
- Phenanthridinyl benzo-5,6-quinolinyl, benzo-6,7-quinolinyl, benzo- 7,8-quinolinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, pyrazolyl, indazolyl,
- each occurrence of X and Y are independently selected from phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, dihydrophenanthrenyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl, spirobifluorenyl, cis- or trans-indenofluorenyl, carbazolyl, pyridinyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl.
- X and / or Y can be substituted by one or more linear alkyl or alkoxy radicals having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched alkyl or alkoxy radicals having 3 to 12 C atoms or cyclic alkyl or alkoxy radicals having 6 to 12 C atoms, or with one or more aryl, heteroaryl, aryloxy or heteroaryloxy be substituted.
- Particularly preferred structural units of the formula (Id) are the structural units (Id1) to (Id20) depicted below:
- polymer wherein in the polymer at least one further, different from the structural unit of the formula (I)
- Structural unit is included.
- the further structural unit is selected from a hole injection, hole transport, lock blocking, electron injection, electron transport, electron blocking, emitter, exciton generating unit, backbone unit or combinations thereof.
- a polymer in the context of the present invention should also be understood as meaning an oligomer and a dendrimer.
- an oligomer is a compound which has three to nine repeat units.
- a polymer is understood as meaning a compound which has ten or more repeat units.
- the branching factor of the polymers is between 0 (linear polymer, without branching points) and 1 (fully branched dendrimer).
- the oligomers, polymers or dendrimers can be conjugated,
- the oligomers or polymers may be linear, branched or dendritic.
- the structural units of the formula (I) can both be directly linked together or they can be linked together via a divalent group, for example via a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group, via a heteroatom or via a divalent aromatic or heteroaromatic group.
- three or more structural units of formula (I) may be linked via a trivalent or higher valent group, for example via a trivalent or higher valent aromatic or heteroaromatic group, to a branched oligomer or polymer.
- the proportion of the structural unit of the formula (I) in the polymer may be in the range of 0.05 to 100 mol%, preferably in the range of 0.2 to 80 mol%, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 60 mol%.
- the molecular weight M w of the polymer according to the invention is preferably in the range from 10,000 to 2,000,000 g / mol, more preferably in the range from 100,000 to 1,500,000 g / mol, and in particular in the range from 200,000 to 1,000,000 g / mol.
- the polymers according to the invention may contain, in addition to one or more structural units of the formula (I), further structural units which are selected from the above-mentioned.
- Structural units of the formula (I) are different. These are u.a. those as disclosed in WO 02/077060 A1 and in WO 2005/014689 A2 and listed extensively. These are considered via quotation as part of the present invention.
- the further structural units may be derived, for example, from the following classes: Group 1: units which contain the hole injection and / or
- Group 2 units containing the electron injection and / or
- Group 3 units comprising combinations of Group 1 and Group 2 individual units;
- Group 4 units which the emission characteristics so far
- Electrofluorescence can be obtained
- Group 5 units that make the transition from the so-called
- Group 6 Units indicating the emission color of the resulting
- Group 7 units typically used as backbone
- Group 8 units containing the film morphological and / or the
- Preferred polymers according to the invention are those in which
- At least one structural unit has charge transport properties, i. contain the units from group 1 and / or 2.
- these arylamines and heterocycles lead to a HOMO in the polymer of greater than -5.8 eV (at vacuum level), more preferably greater than -5.5 eV.
- these units in the polymer result in a LUMO of less than -1.5 eV (vs. vacuum level), more preferably less than -2.0 eV.
- the polymers according to the invention contain units from group 3 in which structures which increase hole mobility and which increase electron mobility (ie
- Some of these units can serve as emitters and shift the emission color to green, yellow or red. Their use is thus suitable, for example, for the production of other emission colors from originally blue-emitting polymers.
- Group 4 structural units are those which are also included in
- Group 5 structural units are those which improve the singlet to triplet state transition and which, when used in support of the Group 4 structural elements, improve the phosphorescence properties of these structural elements.
- Carbazole and bridged carbazole dimer units are particularly suitable for this purpose. as described, for example, in WO 2004/070772 A2 and WO 2004/113468 A1. Also suitable for this purpose are ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, silane derivatives and similar compounds, as described, for example, in WO 2005/040302 A1.
- Structural units from group 6 are, in addition to those mentioned above, those which have at least one further aromatic or another conjugated structure which does not fall under the abovementioned groups, ie which only slightly influence the charge carrier mobilities which are not organometallic complexes or which have no influence on the
- Aromatic structures having from 6 to 40 carbon atoms or else tolan, stilbene or bisstyrylarylene derivatives which may each be substituted by one or more radicals R are preferred.
- Particularly preferred is the incorporation of, 4-phenylene, 1, 4-naphthylene, 1, 4- or 9,10-anthrylene, 1, 6, 2,7- or 4,9-pyrenylene, 3rd , 9- or 3,10-perylenylene, 4,4-biphenyl-ylene, 4,4 "-terphenyl, 4,4'-bi-1, 1'-naphthylylene, 4,4'-tolanylene , 4,4'-stilbenylene, 4,4 "-bityrylarylene, benzothiadiazole and corresponding oxygen derivatives, quinoxaline, phenothiazine, phenoxazine,
- Dihydrophenazine bis (thiophenyl) arylene, oligo (thiophenylene), phenazine, rubrene, pentacene or perylene derivatives, which are preferably substituted, or preferably conjugated push-pull systems (systems substituted with donor and acceptor substituents or systems such as squarins or quinacridones, which are preferably substituted.
- Group 7 structural units are units containing aromatic structures of 6 to 40 carbon atoms, which are typically used as the backbone. These are
- Group 8 structural units are those which have the film morphological and / or rheological properties of the polymers such as siloxanes, long alkyl chains or fluorinated groups, but also particularly rigid or flexible units, such as
- liquid crystal forming units or crosslinkable groups are provided.
- polymers according to the invention which, in addition to at least one structural unit of the formula (I), also contain units from group 7, more preferably at least 50 mol% of these units, based on the total number of structural units in the polymer.
- Improve charge injection ie units from group 1 and / or 2; particularly preferred is a proportion of 0.5 to 30 mol% of these units; very particular preference is given to a proportion of 1 to 10 mol% of these
- the polymers according to the invention contain structural units from group 7 and units from group 1 and / or 2, in particular at least 50 mol%.
- the polymers according to the invention are either homopolymers of structural units of the formula (I) or copolymers.
- copolymer should also be understood in the present invention terpolymers and multipolymers.
- the polymers according to the invention can be linear, branched or crosslinked. invention
- Copolymers may in addition to one or more structural units of the formula (I) or their preferred sub-formulas, potentially one or have several more structures from the groups 1 to 8 listed above.
- polymers according to the invention lead to structural units of the formula (I) are compounds which are correspondingly substituted and have two functionalities suitable functionalities which allow to incorporate this monomer unit in the polymer. These monomers are new and therefore also subject of the present invention.
- Z ' and Z " are independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, O-tosylate, O-triflate, O-S0 2 R 2 , B (OR 2 ) 2 and Sn (R 2 ) 3 , wherein R 2 each occurrence is independently selected from the group consisting of H, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms and an aromatic hydrocarbon group of 6 to 20 ring atoms, and wherein two or more of R 2 also together form an aliphatic ring system and wherein the remaining symbols have the same meaning as in the above embodiments
- halogen is meant in the present invention fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, with chlorine, bromine and iodine being preferred, and bromine and iodine being particularly preferred.
- Z ' and Z "of the compounds of formula (II) are independently selected from Br, I and B (OR 2 ) 2 .
- carbon atoms "is understood to mean a saturated or unsaturated, non-aromatic hydrocarbon radical which may be linear, branched or cyclic
- One or more carbon atoms may be replaced by O, N or S.
- one or more hydrogen atoms may be replaced by fluorine Examples of such compounds include the following: methyl, ethyl, n -propyl, i -propyl, n -butyl, i -butyl, s -butyl, t -butyl, 2-methylbutyl, n -pentyl, s -pentyl, cyclopentyl , n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, n-heptyl, cycloheptyl, n-octyl,
- aromatic hydrocarbon radical having 5 to 20 ring atoms is meant in the present invention, an aromatic ring system having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 20 ring atoms, wherein one or more of
- Ring atoms are a heteroatom selected from N, O or S, and the other carbon atoms are.
- these definitions should also be understood as meaning a system which does not necessarily contain only aromatic or heteroaromatic groups, but in which also several aromatic or
- H is selected from the group consisting of H, a C 1-40 alkyl group, a C2-40 alkenyl group, a C ⁇ -uralkinyl group, an optionally substituted C6-4o-aryl group and an optionally substituted 5- to 25-membered heteroaryl group
- they may also be mono- or polycyclic, ie they may have a ring (eg
- condensed e.g., naphthyl
- covalently linked e.g., biphenyl
- the polymers according to the invention are generally prepared by polymerization of one or more types of monomer, of which at least one type of monomer in the polymer leads to structural units of the formula (I).
- Suitable polymerization reactions are known in the art and described in the literature.
- Particularly suitable and preferred polymerization reactions which lead to C-C or C-N linkages are the following:
- the methods for the C-C linkages are preferably selected from the group comprising SUZUKI coupling, YAMAMOTO coupling and STILLE coupling; the method for the CN linkage is preferably a coupling according to HARTWIG-BUCHWALD.
- the present invention thus also provides a process for the preparation of the polymers according to the invention, which is characterized
- Another object of the present invention are blends comprising a polymer having structural units of the formula (I) and
- At least one other, different polymer, oligomer, dendrimer or a low molecular weight compound at least one other, different polymer, oligomer, dendrimer or a low molecular weight compound.
- the blend contains a polymer having structural units of the formula (I) and a polymeric compound containing one or more emitter units. In a further preferred embodiment, the blend contains a
- This may in turn be a polymer, but also a low molecular weight compound (so-called "small molecule")
- the blend may also contain other polymeric compounds In an extreme case, the necessary functionalities may be distributed over as many polymers blend
- a blend comprising further polymers, which in each case independently of one another is a hole injection, is also preferred.
- the polymer or blend of the invention may be used in an organic electronic device.
- the polymer or blend is preferably within one
- the organic layer may further contain other ingredients, for example, low molecular weight compounds or compounds which improve film-forming properties.
- a liquid for example, a liquid
- Polymer layer can be done for example by coating from solution, for example spin coating, ink-jetting or the like. The necessary techniques are known in the art. After application of the polymer layer and removal of the solvent, the polymer can additionally be crosslinked. The networking takes place
- radiation-induced e.g., with ultraviolet light, visible light, microwaves, electron beams
- thermally e.g., with ultraviolet light, visible light, microwaves, electron beams
- suitable for networking substituents, such as vinyl groups must be present.
- the present invention thus also provides a formulation comprising a polymer according to the invention or a blend according to the invention and one or more solvents.
- a formulation comprising a polymer according to the invention or a blend according to the invention and one or more solvents.
- Formulations can be prepared, is known in the art and e.g. in WO 02/072714, WO 03/019694 and the literature cited therein.
- Suitable and preferred solvents are for example toluene, anisoles, xylenes, methyl benzoate, dimethylanisoles, mesitylenes, tetralin, veratrole and tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof.
- Formulations can be in electronic or electro-optical
- Another object of the present invention is thus the
- OLED organic or polymeric organic electroluminescent devices
- OFET organic field effect transistors
- O-IC organic integrated circuits
- TFTs organic thin film transistors
- O-SCs organic solar cells
- O-lasers organic Laser diodes
- O-lasers organic photovoltaic elements or devices or organic photoreceptors (OPCs)
- OLED organic photovoltaic
- OLEDs or PLEDs can be produced is known to the person skilled in the art and is described in detail, for example, as a general method in WO 2004/070772 A2, which is to be adapted accordingly for the individual case.
- the polymers according to the invention are very particularly suitable as electroluminescent materials in PLEDs or displays produced in this way.
- electroluminescent materials in the context of the present invention are materials that can be used as the active layer.
- Active layer means that the layer is able to emit light upon application of an electric field (top-emitting layer) and / or that it improves the injection and / or transport of the positive and / or negative charges (charge injection or charge transport layer).
- a preferred subject of the present invention is therefore also the use of the polymers or blends (mixtures) according to the invention in a PLED, in particular as electroluminescent material.
- the subject matter of the present invention is furthermore an organic electronic device comprising one or more organic compounds Layers, wherein at least one layer is an inventive
- the device comprises a plurality of layers. These may be layers which contain the polymer or the blend of the invention or layers which contain polymers, blends or low molecular weight compounds which are independent of these.
- Polymer or the blend according to the invention can be in the form of a hole transport, hole injection, emitter, electron transport,
- Electron injection, charge blocking and / or charge generation layer Electron injection, charge blocking and / or charge generation layer.
- the organic electroluminescent device can be any organic electroluminescent device.
- the organic electroluminescent device can be any organic electroluminescent device.
- They may contain emissive layer or they may be multiple emitting
- At least one emitting layer contains at least one inventive polymer or a blend according to the invention, as defined above, or consists thereof. If multiple emission layers are present, they preferably have a total of several emission maxima between 380 nm and 750 nm, resulting in a total white emission, i.
- various emitting compounds are used which can fluoresce and / or phosphoresce. Very particular preference is given to three-layer systems, the three layers exhibiting blue, green and orange or red emission (for the basic structure see, for example, WO 05/011013).
- White emitting devices are useful e.g. as lighting or backlight of displays (LCD).
- these layers may also contain further layers, for example one or more hole injection layers, hole transport layers, hole blocking layers, electron transport layers, electron injection layers, exciton blocking layers and / or charge generation layers (Charge Generation Layers, IDMC 2003, Taiwan, Session 21 OLED (5), T. Matsumoto, T. Nakada, J. Endo, K. Mori, N. Kawamura, A. Yokoi, J. Kido, Multiphoton Organic EL Device Having Charge Generation Layer).
- interlayer may be introduced between two emitting layers which, for example, a Have exciton blocking function. It should be noted, however, that not necessarily each of these layers must be present.
- These layers may also contain the polymers or blends of the invention as defined above.
- the last organic layer on the light exit side in OLEDs can also be designed as nanofoam, which reduces the proportion of total reflection.
- the device may further include layers consisting of small ones
- SMOLED Single metal-oxide-semiconductor
- an organic electroluminescent device wherein one or more layers are coated with a sublimation process.
- the materials are vacuum deposited in vacuum sublimation at a pressure less than 0 "5 mbar, preferably less than 10 ⁇ 6 mbar, more preferably less than 10 " 7 mbar.
- an organic electroluminescent device which is characterized in that one or more layers are coated with the OVPD (Organic Vapor Phase Deposition) method or with the aid of a carrier gas sublimation.
- the materials are applied at a pressure between 10 ⁇ 5 mbar and 1 bar.
- organic electroluminescent device wherein one or more layers of solution, e.g. by spin-coating, or by any printing method, such as Screen printing, flexographic printing or offset printing, but particularly preferably LITI (Light Induced Thermal Imaging, thermal transfer printing) or inkjet printing
- the organic electronic device is preferably an organic electroluminescent device (OLED), a polymeric electroluminescent device (PLED), an organic integrated circuit (O-IC), an organic field effect transistor (O-FET), an organic thin film transistor (O-TFT), an organic light emitting transistor (O-LET), an organic Solar cell (O-SC), an organic optical detector, an organic photoreceptor, an organic field quench device (O-FQD), a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) or an organic laser diode (O-laser).
- OLED organic electroluminescent device
- PLED polymeric electroluminescent device
- O-IC organic integrated circuit
- O-FET organic field effect transistor
- OF-TFT organic thin film transistor
- O-LET organic light emitting transistor
- O-SC organic Solar cell
- O-SC organic Solar cell
- O-SC organic optical detector
- O-FQD organic field quench device
- LEC light-emitting electrochemical cell
- O-laser organic laser diode
- the device usually includes a cathode and an anode
- the electrodes are chosen so that their potential coincides as well as possible with the potential of the adjacent organic layer, in order to ensure the most efficient electron or hole injection possible.
- metal complexes, low work function metals, metal alloys or multilayer structures of various metals are preferable, such as alkaline earth metals, alkali metals, main group metals or lanthanides (e.g., Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.).
- alkaline earth metals alkali metals
- main group metals or lanthanides e.g., Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.
- lanthanides e.g., Ca, Ba, Mg, Al, In, Mg, Yb, Sm, etc.
- multilayer structures can also in addition to the
- metals other metals are used, which have a relatively high work function, such. Ag, which then usually combinations of metals, such as Ca / Ag or Ba / Ag are used. It may also be preferable to have a thin layer between a metallic cathode and the organic semiconductor
- Intermediate layer of a material with a high dielectric constant to bring for this example, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal fluorides, but also the corresponding oxides in question (eg LiF, Li 2 O, BaF 2 , MgO, NaF, etc.).
- the layer thickness of this layer is preferably between 1 and 10 nm, more preferably between 2 and 8 nm.
- the anode has a potential greater than 4.5 eV. Vacuum up.
- metals with a high redox potential such as Ag, Pt or Au, are suitable for this purpose.
- it can also
- Metal / metal oxide electrodes may be preferred.
- at least one of the electrodes must be transparent be either to allow the irradiation of the organic material (O-SC) or the coupling of light (OLED / PLED, O-LASER).
- O-SC organic material
- O-LASER organic material
- a preferred construction uses a transparent anode.
- Preferred anode materials here are conductive mixed metal oxides. Particularly preferred are indium tin oxide (ITO) or indium zinc oxide (IZO).
- conductive, doped organic materials in particular conductive doped polymers (such as, for example, PEDOT or PANI).
- the device is structured, contacted and finally hermetically sealed in a manner known per se, since the service life of such devices is drastically shortened in the presence of water and / or air.
- Example 3 The synthesis is carried out analogously to Example 1 (compound 4) with 38.2 g (0.10 mol) of compound 3, wherein the 1-bromonaphthalene is replaced by 66.7 g (0.3 mol) of 2-bromonaphthalene. The yield is 22.4 g (0.04 mol), corresponding to 35.3% of theory.
- Example 3
- PLED polymeric organic light-emitting diode
- ITO structure applied to the glass slide
- right figure complete electronic structure with ITO, vapor-deposited cathode and optional metallization of the leads.
- the ITO structure indium tin oxide, a transparent, conductive anode
- the ITO structure is applied by sputtering in a pattern on Sodalimeglas that result in the vapor-deposited at the end of the manufacturing process cathode 4 pixels x 2 x 2 mm.
- PEDOT is a polythiophene derivative (Baytron P VAI 4083sp.) From H. C. Starck, Goslar, which is supplied as an aqueous dispersion) is likewise applied by spin coating in the clean room.
- the required spin rate depends on the degree of dilution and the specific spincoater geometry (typically 80 nm: 4500 rpm).
- the substrates are baked for 10 minutes at 180 ° C on a hot plate. Thereafter, under an inert gas atmosphere (nitrogen or argon), initially 20 nm of an interlayer (typically a
- HIL-012 hole-dominated polymer, here HIL-012 from Merck
- 65 nm of the polymer layers from toluene solutions concentration interlayer 5 g / l, for the polymers P1 to P7 and V1 to V4 between 8 and 10 g / l
- blend solutions are prepared according to the following general procedure: For each component, a solution with the same concentration is prepared. For this purpose, an appropriate amount of the solid compound is weighed and added to the appropriate amount of a suitable solvent. Thereafter, it is stirred for at least 1 hour until a clear solution has formed. To make the blend, the
- corresponding volumes of the solution removed with a pipette and combined in a new vessel For example, for the preparation of 10 ml blend with 50% component A and 50% component B, a volume of 5 ml of component A (8 g / l) and 5 ml of component B (8 g / l) are combined. Toluene, for example, can be used as solvent, which is used here in all examples. As an alternative to mixing the solutions, it is also possible to produce a joint solution of the polymers used if the amount of solution is sufficient (to guarantee weighing accuracy). Thus, blends of a composition of 37.5% Component A and 62.5% Component B are prepared by weighing in 3 g / L Component A and 5 g / L Component B.
- the Ba / Al cathode in the specified pattern is vapor-deposited through a vapor deposition mask (high-purity metals from Aldrich, especially barium 99.99% (Order No. 474711); Lesker o.a.
- Vacuum level 5 x 10 "6 mbar) In order to protect the cathode above all from air and humidity, the device is finally encapsulated and then characterized.
- the devices are clamped in holder specially made for the substrate size and contacted by means of spring contacts.
- Photodiode with eye-tracking filter can be placed directly on the measuring holder to exclude the influence of extraneous light.
- the typical measurement setup is shown in FIG.
- the voltages are from 0 to max. 20 V in 0.2 V increments and lowered again. For each measuring point, the current through the device as well as the received photocurrent of the Photodiode measured. In this way one obtains the IVL data of the test devices. Important parameters are the measured maximum efficiency ("Max. Eff" in cd / A) and the voltage required for 100 cd / m 2.
- the voltage applied to 00 mA / cm 2 and the photodiode is replaced by a spectrum measuring head, which is connected by an optical fiber to a spectrometer (Ocean Optics) from which the color coordinates (CIE: Commission Internationale de
- the life of the devices is measured in a very similar to the initial evaluation measurement setup so that an initial luminance is set (eg 1000 cd / m 2 ).
- the current required for this luminance is kept constant, while typically the voltage increases and the luminance decreases.
- the life is reached when the initial luminance has dropped to 50% of the initial value.
- PLEDs from single emitting polymers and examples 17 to 21 PLEDs from polymer blends.
- the polymers P1 to P3 according to the invention provide a significant improvement in terms of operating voltage, efficiency and service life
- Example 17 Comparison of a blend according to the invention from the polymer P1 and the comparative polymer V2 with the individual components
- the performance data of a comparative polymer V2 corresponding to the prior art can be increased not only by the incorporation of monomers according to the invention (ie conversion into polymer P4 according to the invention, see Example 16). An even greater increase in performance can be achieved by preparing blends of the corresponding comparative polymer with a polymer of the invention.
- Example 18 Comparison of a blend according to the invention from the polymer P5 and the comparative polymer V2 with the individual components
- an inventive blend of a comparison polymer V2 and a polymer P5 according to the invention is superior to the comparison polymer of the prior art by a multiple. This applies in particular to operating voltage, power efficiency and service life. This increase in the performance data can be achieved, although from the polymer P5 according to the invention (in contrast to the previously considered polymers P1 to P4 according to the invention) no particularly efficient or long-lasting PLEDs can be prepared as pure substance.
- Example 19 Comparison of a blend according to the invention from the polymer P6 and the comparative polymer V1 with the individual components
- an inventive blend of a comparative polymer V1 and a polymer P6 according to the invention is comparable to the prior art. many times superior to polymer. This applies in particular to operating voltage, power efficiency and service life. This increase in the performance data can be achieved, although from the polymer P6 according to the invention (in contrast to the polymers P1 to P4 according to the invention initially considered), it is not possible to produce particularly efficient or long-lasting PLEDs as pure substance.
- Example 20 Comparison of a blend according to the invention from the polymer PI and the comparative polymer V3 with the individual components
- the performance data of a polymer P7 according to the invention can be further increased by using it not as a pure substance but as a component of a blend according to the invention (with a comparative polymer V3). This is especially true for the lifetime and power efficiency, but also for quantum efficiency and operating voltage.
- Example 21 Comparison of a blend according to the invention from the polymer P6 and the comparative polymer V4 with the individual components
- an inventive blend of a comparison polymer V4 and a polymer P6 according to the invention is clearly superior to the comparative polymer corresponding to the prior art. This applies in particular to power efficiency and operating voltage. This increase in the performance data can be achieved, although from the polymer P6 according to the invention (in contrast to the polymers P1 to P4 according to the invention initially considered), it is not possible to produce particularly efficient or long-lasting PLEDs as pure substance.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013521006A JP5866355B2 (ja) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-19 | 置換ベンゾチオフェン単位を含むポリマー、これらポリマーを含むブレンドおよびこれらポリマーまたはブレンドを含む素子 |
| US13/812,950 US9394406B2 (en) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-19 | Polymers containing substituted benzodithiophene units, blends comprising these polymers, and devices comprising these polymers or blends |
| DE112011102534T DE112011102534A5 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-19 | Polymere enthaltend substituierte Benzodithiopheneinheiten, Blends enthaltend diese Polymere sowie Vorrichtungen enthaltend diese Polymere oder Blends |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010032737A DE102010032737A1 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2010-07-29 | Polymere enthaltend substituierte Benzodithiopheneinheiten, Blends enthaltend diese Polymere sowie Vorrichtungen enthaltend diese Polymere oder Blends |
| DE102010032737.9 | 2010-07-29 |
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| WO2012013310A1 true WO2012013310A1 (de) | 2012-02-02 |
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| PCT/EP2011/003594 Ceased WO2012013310A1 (de) | 2010-07-29 | 2011-07-19 | Polymere enthaltend substituierte benzodithiopheneinheiten, blends enthaltend diese polymere sowie vorrichtungen enthaltend diese polymere oder blends |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US9394406B2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP5866355B2 (de) |
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| WO (1) | WO2012013310A1 (de) |
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| JP2013159724A (ja) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子化合物及び該高分子化合物を用いた電子素子 |
| EP2809706A4 (de) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-01-13 | Univ Chicago | Halbleiterpolymere |
| US11326019B1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-05-10 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11332579B1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-05-17 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11690283B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-06-27 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11849629B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-12-19 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovolatics |
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| DE102013206586A1 (de) * | 2013-04-12 | 2014-10-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Halbleitendes Copolymer sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung, Stoffgemisch, elektrisches oder elektronisches Bauelement sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
| CN104672434B (zh) * | 2015-01-27 | 2017-11-07 | 华南理工大学 | 一种有机半导体材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN104945602B (zh) * | 2015-05-14 | 2017-06-20 | 华南理工大学 | 含烯基/炔基官能团的共轭聚合物材料、点击化学可交联的组合物 |
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- 2011-07-19 DE DE112011102534T patent/DE112011102534A5/de active Pending
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2809706A4 (de) * | 2012-02-03 | 2016-01-13 | Univ Chicago | Halbleiterpolymere |
| JP2013159724A (ja) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-19 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 高分子化合物及び該高分子化合物を用いた電子素子 |
| US11326019B1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-05-10 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11332579B1 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2022-05-17 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11690283B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-06-27 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovoltaics |
| US11849629B2 (en) | 2021-11-19 | 2023-12-19 | Phillips 66 Company | Fused dithieno benzothiadiazole polymers for organic photovolatics |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112011102534A5 (de) | 2013-05-02 |
| DE102010032737A1 (de) | 2012-02-02 |
| US20130126855A1 (en) | 2013-05-23 |
| US9394406B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
| JP5866355B2 (ja) | 2016-02-17 |
| JP2013539478A (ja) | 2013-10-24 |
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