WO2012046593A1 - 酢酸の製造方法 - Google Patents
酢酸の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012046593A1 WO2012046593A1 PCT/JP2011/072059 JP2011072059W WO2012046593A1 WO 2012046593 A1 WO2012046593 A1 WO 2012046593A1 JP 2011072059 W JP2011072059 W JP 2011072059W WO 2012046593 A1 WO2012046593 A1 WO 2012046593A1
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- boiling point
- point component
- low boiling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/10—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide
- C07C51/12—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/43—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation
- C07C51/44—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for stably producing acetic acid formed by carbonylation of methanol in the presence of a metal catalyst (such as a rhodium catalyst) and methyl iodide.
- a metal catalyst such as a rhodium catalyst
- permanganic acid reducing substance test permanganic acid time
- quantification is difficult even with today's advanced instrumental analysis.
- it is possible to detect a very small concentration of impurities which leads to deterioration of the quality.
- some of these impurities have an adverse effect related to the use of acetic acid.
- the palladium catalyst used may be deteriorated.
- Patent Document 1 describes an amino compound that forms a water-soluble nitrogen-containing derivative by reacting a methyl iodide recycle stream to a carbonylation reactor for carbonylation with a carbonyl impurity.
- the organic methyl iodide phase is separated from the aqueous derivative phase and the methyl iodide phase is distilled to remove carbonyl impurities.
- the concentration of carbonyl impurities contained in the organic stream recycled to the carbonylation reactor is still high and it is difficult to sufficiently remove the carbonyl impurities. Further, in the method of this document, it is necessary to remove the nitrogen-containing compound.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a method for producing acetic acid by continuously reacting methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a rhodium catalyst, an iodide salt and methyl iodide.
- a method for producing high-purity acetic acid is disclosed in which acetaldehyde is removed from the process liquid circulating in the reactor to keep the acetaldehyde concentration in the reaction liquid at 400 ppm or less and the reaction is carried out.
- acetaldehyde is removed from the process liquid circulating in the reactor to keep the acetaldehyde concentration in the reaction liquid at 400 ppm or less and the reaction is carried out.
- the impurities are generated in the reaction system, and the generation is caused by acetaldehyde by-produced in the reaction system.
- the carbonyl compound is controlled.
- high purity acetic acid can be obtained by reducing organic iodide.
- This document relates to a method for producing acetic acid while removing acetaldehyde, and the reaction solution is separated into a volatile phase containing acetic acid, methyl acetate and methyl iodide and a low volatile phase containing rhodium catalyst.
- the phase is distilled to obtain a product containing acetic acid and an overhead containing methyl acetate and methyl iodide, and when the resulting overhead is recycled to the reactor, the overhead or its carbonyl impurity (especially acetaldehyde) concentrate is washed with water.
- the organic phase containing methyl acetate and methyl iodide and the aqueous phase containing carbonyl impurities, and recycling the organic phase to the reactor.
- an acetaldehyde solution containing methyl iodide is distilled and separated from the process solution, and the resulting acetaldehyde solution is extracted with water to selectively extract acetaldehyde. It is stated that the method is preferred.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a method for stably producing acetic acid while efficiently removing acetaldehyde.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing acetic acid while recycling methyl iodide as a catalyst with high efficiency.
- the inventor is a component obtained after separating a fraction containing acetic acid in a series of continuous processes for the production of acetic acid using a catalyst system comprising a metal catalyst, a halide salt and methyl iodide, and comprising at least iodide.
- a catalyst system comprising a metal catalyst, a halide salt and methyl iodide, and comprising at least iodide.
- the overhead in order to remove acetaldehyde from overhead, the overhead is condensed and temporarily held in a decanter, and further, the overhead condensed from the decanter (or the condensed components of the overhead) is acetaldehyde separation process (for example, a distillation process, etc.)
- the flow rate of the overhead supplied to the decanter usually fluctuates through a series of continuous manufacturing steps and pressure fluctuations in the process.
- the decanter has an allowable capacity that can be held, if the overhead is supplied to the decanter as it is, the liquid level in the decanter also fluctuates with the flow rate fluctuation, and depending on the magnitude of the fluctuation, the operation can be stable. Can not be.
- the overhead flow fluctuation supplied from the decanter is mitigated in the acetaldehyde separation process (or In some cases, the acetaldehyde cannot be sufficiently separated (therefore, the acetaldehyde concentration in the reaction system becomes high) or the acetaldehyde separation apparatus such as a distillation column cannot be stably operated. In addition, the flow rate of the overhead cannot be relaxed in the acetaldehyde separation process, and the liquid level in the decanter (and the preceding step) fluctuates.
- the present inventor circulated a part of the condensed overhead supplied to the decanter to the reaction system without supplying it to the acetaldehyde separation process,
- the amount of overhead stored in the decanter is adjusted or controlled according to fluctuations in the amount of overhead supplied, such as by supplying to the acetaldehyde separation process from the decanter, and further, the overhead supplied from the decanter to the acetaldehyde separation process
- the present inventors have found that a series of acetic acid production processes for recovering methyl iodide can be stably and efficiently carried out by adjusting or controlling the amount of acetaldehyde while removing acetaldehyde.
- methanol and carbon monoxide are continuously used in a carbonylation reactor in the presence of a catalyst system composed of a metal catalyst (such as a rhodium catalyst), a halide salt (such as an iodide salt), and methyl iodide.
- a metal catalyst such as a rhodium catalyst
- a halide salt such as an iodide salt
- methyl iodide methyl iodide
- Reaction step and a reaction mixture from the reactor is continuously supplied to a flasher (or an evaporation tank), and the low boiling point component (2A) (or volatile component (or volatile component) containing acetic acid and methyl iodide formed) 2A)) and a flash evaporation step for separating the high boiling point component (2B) (or low volatile component (2B)) containing a metal catalyst and a halide salt, and continuously distilling the low boiling point component (2A) A low boiling point component (or overhead or first overhead) containing methyl iodide and by-product acetaldehyde (3A) and a stream containing acetic acid (3B) fed to the column Then, an acetic acid recovery step for recovering acetic acid, and a decanter (decanter device, storage) while condensing (cooling and condensing) the low boiling point component (3A) (or part or all of the low boiling point component (3A)) Condensate temporarily held (stored) (or hold
- acetic acid including separation / recycling process for recycling from system (or reactor or reaction process) to process to separation of acetaldehyde Low boiling point which is supplied to the decanter by the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) (or the condensed component (3A ') of the low boiling point component (3A)) to be held in the condensation step.
- This is a method for producing acetic acid, which is adjusted or controlled based on fluctuations in the flow rate of the component (3A) (or the condensed component (3A ′) of the low-boiling component (3A)).
- the amount of the low-boiling component (3A) supplied to the decanter varies greatly throughout the process. For example, such a variation is caused by the low-boiling component (3A) supplied to the decanter.
- the flow rate fluctuation may be such that the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter is about 80 to 120 throughout the process. .
- the decanter holds them.
- the liquid level height (or average amount) and / or interface height of the low boiling point component (3A) to be adjusted is adjusted to about 90 to 110 (for example, 95 to 105) throughout the process (specifically, to adjust)
- the low boiling point component (3A) may be discharged from the decanter).
- the liquid level height indicates the height of the liquid in which the condensed low boiling point component (3A) (upper surface of the liquid) contacts the gas in the decanter, and the interface height indicates the condensed low boiling point component (3A). Shows the height of the separation surface (or the liquid level height of the lower layer) when separated into two layers (upper layer and lower layer). Therefore, the concept of interface height is used when the low boiling point component (3A) undergoes layer separation (phase separation).
- a decanter having a buffer function may be used as a decanter in the condensation step.
- the low boiling point component (3A) (or the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter is used.
- the condensed component (3A ′) may be 1 minute or longer (for example, 3 minutes or longer).
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) to be held is usually adjusted based on the fluctuation in the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter in the condensation step.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) (or the condensed component (3A ′) of the low boiling point component (3A)) supplied to the separation / recycling step may be adjusted or controlled while being controlled.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling step is adjusted (or substantially fixed) to be constant or substantially constant [for example, the low boiling point component ( When the average flow rate of 3A) is 100, the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling step may be adjusted to 90 to 110 (for example, 95 to 105) throughout the process.
- a part of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is A process different from the separation / recycling process [for example, at least one selected from a reaction system (reactor or reaction process) and an acetic acid recovery process (or distillation column), in particular at least a reaction system (or reactor) or reaction process ), (B) a method of supplying the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter to the separation / recycling process via a reservoir having a buffer function, and (c) a low boiling point discharged from the decanter.
- a reaction system reactor or reaction process
- an acetic acid recovery process or distillation column
- the amount of the component (3A) is constant (or almost constant, for example, when the average flow rate of the low-boiling component (3A) discharged from the decanter is 100, throughout the process
- the amount 90 to 110 of the low-boiling components (3A) discharged from Kantor e.g., 95-105) adjusted to
- at least one method selected from methods such as at least one method selected from methods.
- a part of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is circulated in a step different from the separation / recycling step, thereby supplying the low boiling point component to the separation / recycling step.
- the amount (or flow rate) of (3A) may be adjusted.
- 10% or more, preferably 20% or more (for example, about 20 to 90%) of the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter may be circulated, particularly 40%.
- the above for example, about 40 to 90% may be circulated.
- the low boiling point component (3A) may be separated into an upper layer and a lower layer in a decanter, and the upper layer and / or the lower layer may be circulated. Furthermore, the low boiling point component (3A) may be circulated as a single phase without separating into two layers.
- the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the reservoir equipped with a buffer function may be 0.5 minutes or longer (for example, 1 minute or longer).
- the total residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter and the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the reservoir may be 1.5 minutes or more (for example, 2 minutes or more). Good.
- a decanter having a buffer function is used as the decanter, and the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter may be 1 minute or longer.
- Methods (a) to (c) may be performed alone or in combination (for example, at least method (a) or method (b)).
- the low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the acetaldehyde separation tower and distilled. Is separated into a low-boiling component (4A) containing acetaldehyde (or second overhead (4A)) and a high-boiling component (4B) containing methyl iodide (or bottom stream (4B)) as a separation liquid.
- the high boiling point component (4B) may be recycled [for example, recycled to at least one selected from a reaction system (reactor or reaction step), an acetic acid recovery step (or distillation column), and an acetaldehyde separation column).
- recycling may be performed while suppressing fluctuations in the flow rate of the separated liquid separated in the separation / recycling process.
- the separation liquid may be recycled through a reservoir having a buffer function.
- the low boiling point component (4A) may contain methyl iodide that cannot be separated. Therefore, in the present invention, the low boiling point component (4A) contains methyl iodide, and in the separation / recycling step, the methyl iodide recovered from the low boiling point component (4A) is further recycled [resulting in separation of acetaldehyde from the reaction system] Recycling to at least one selected from the reaction system (reactor or reaction step), acetic acid recovery step (or distillation column), and acetaldehyde separation column].
- the “low boiling point component (3A)” in the condensing step and the step subsequent to the condensing step is the low boiling point component (or overhead) (3A) separated in the acetic acid recovery step.
- Component condensed component or liquid component
- acetic acid is stably removed while efficiently removing acetaldehyde. (High purity acetic acid) can be produced.
- acetaldehyde in the low-boiling component can be efficiently and reliably separated, acetic acid can be produced while recycling methyl iodide as a co-catalyst separated from the low-boiling component with high efficiency.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a method (or a production apparatus) for producing acetic acid according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flow diagram for explaining another example of the method (or device) for producing acetic acid according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flow diagram for explaining an example of the method (or apparatus) for producing acetic acid according to the present invention.
- a rhodium catalyst as a metal catalyst a catalyst system composed of cocatalysts [lithium iodide and methyl iodide as halide salts], and in the presence of acetic acid, methyl acetate and a finite amount of water.
- a continuous process (or production apparatus) for producing acetic acid from a reaction mixture produced by a continuous carbonylation reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide is shown.
- This process is composed of a reactor (reaction system) 1 for carrying out a carbonylation reaction of methanol and a reaction mixture (reaction solution) containing acetic acid produced by the reaction, from the produced acetic acid, methyl iodide,
- a flasher 2 for separating a low boiling point component or volatile phase (2A) containing methyl acetate and water and a high boiling point component or low volatile phase (2B) containing a rhodium catalyst and lithium iodide, and the flasher 2 From low-boiling component (2A) supplied, low-boiling component or overhead (first overhead) (3A) containing methyl iodide, methyl acetate, by-product acetaldehyde, water, etc., and acetic acid as a side stream
- a splitter column 3 for separating a stream or acetic acid phase (3B) and a high-boiling component (3C) containing acetic acid, water, propionic acid, etc.,
- a distillation column (acetaldehyde separation column) 6 for separating the high boiling point component (4B) contained therein and the high boiling point component (4B) separated in the distillation column 6 are temporarily stored (or And a buffer tank 7 for distilling), an extraction device or extractor 8 for separating acetaldehyde by extraction (for example, water extraction) from the low boiling point component (4A) and recycling methyl iodide; And various lines for supplying or circulating each component.
- the reactor 1 includes a catalyst mixture (catalyst solution) containing a carbonylation catalyst system (a catalyst system composed of a main metal catalyst component such as a rhodium catalyst and a promoter such as lithium iodide and methyl iodide). ) And water may be supplied. Further, the reactor 1 is supplied with a stream (for example, in a liquid form) containing a low-boiling component and a high-boiling component from the subsequent process to the reactor 1 through the line 13 and / or the line 40.
- a catalyst mixture catalyst solution
- a carbonylation catalyst system a catalyst system composed of a main metal catalyst component such as a rhodium catalyst and a promoter such as lithium iodide and methyl iodide.
- water may be supplied.
- the reactor 1 is supplied with a stream (for example, in a liquid form) containing a low-boiling component and a high-boiling component from
- a liquid phase reaction system including a reaction component and a high boiling component such as a metal catalyst component (rhodium catalyst and lithium iodide), carbon monoxide and hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide generated by the reaction.
- a gas phase system composed of vaporized low-boiling components (methyl iodide, generated acetic acid, methyl acetate, etc.) and the like form an equilibrium state, and the carbonylation reaction of methanol proceeds.
- steam may be extracted from the top of the reactor 1 and discharged.
- the vapor extracted from the reactor 1 is further cooled by a heat exchanger to remove liquid components (including acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, water, etc.) and gas components (carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.).
- liquid components including acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, water, etc.
- gas components carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.
- hydrogen may be supplied to the reactor 1 as necessary in order to increase the catalytic activity. Hydrogen may be supplied together with carbon monoxide or may be supplied separately.
- the reactor 1 may include a heat removal unit or a cooling unit (such as a jacket) for controlling the reaction temperature.
- acetic acid a low-boiling component or a low-boiling impurity having a lower boiling point than acetic acid (a reaction product of methyl iodide, acetic acid and methanol as a cocatalyst)
- acetic acid a reaction product of methyl iodide, acetic acid and methanol as a cocatalyst
- methyl acetate acetaldehyde as a side reaction product
- higher iodides such as hexyl iodide
- high-boiling or high-boiling impurities having higher boiling points than acetic acid metal catalyst components (such as rhodium catalyst), as promoters Lithium iodide, propionic acid, water, etc.].
- a flasher distillation tower or catalyst separation
- Tower 2 is introduced or supplied.
- the supply amount of the reaction mixture supplied from the reactor 1 to the flasher 2 fluctuates non-constantly in a continuous process due to pressure fluctuation caused by sparging of carbon monoxide supplied to the liquid phase.
- the flow rate of the reaction mixture supplied to the flasher 2 (or flow rate, hereinafter the same in the description of the flow rate) is about 98 to 102 throughout the process. It is.
- such a fluctuation in the supply amount causes a fluctuation in the supply amount of the low-boiling component supplied to the decanter in a manner of propagating to the subsequent steps in the closed process.
- a high boiling point stream or a high boiling point component or a volatile product phase (2B) (mainly including a metal catalyst component such as a rhodium catalyst and lithium iodide).
- a low-boiling stream or low-boiling component (2A) (mainly containing acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, water, acetaldehyde, etc., which is a product and also functions as a reaction solvent)
- the boiling point component (2B) is taken out from the bottom of the tower through a take-out line 13 and recycled to the reactor 1, and the low-boiling point component (2A) (acetic acid stream) is fed from the top or upper stage of the flasher 2 through the supply line 12. It is distilled and supplied to or introduced into a splitter column (or distillation column) 3.
- the high boiling point component (2B) includes methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, and a small amount of acetic acid remaining without evaporation. included.
- the volume fraction of the low boiling point component (2A) separated in the flasher 2 is about 20 to 40% of the entire reaction mixture.
- the low boiling point component (2A) may be partially reheated and recycled to the reactor.
- a part (for example, about 10 to 30% by volume) of the volatilized low boiling point component (2A) is removed while being supplied to the storage (hold tank) and / or the heat exchanger 9 through the line 12a. It is condensed by heating and recycled to the reactor 1 through the line 12b.
- a device such as a distillation column (splitter column or the like) even in a large plant. Therefore, high-purity acetic acid can be produced with a high yield with resource-saving and energy-saving equipment.
- the supply amount of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied from the flasher 2 to the splitter column 3 also varies in the continuous process as the supply amount of the reaction mixture supplied to the flasher 2 varies.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the splitter column 3 is about 98 to 102 throughout the entire process when the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the splitter column 3 is 100. .
- a low-boiling component (or overhead) (3A) (including methyl iodide, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde, water, acetic acid, etc.) is usually separated from the top of the column or the upper stage of the column through a distillation line 14.
- the high-boiling stream or the high-boiling component (3C) (a component containing acetic acid, water, propionic acid, etc.) is separated (or removed) from the bottom of the column or the bottom of the column through the can line 16.
- the separated high boiling point component (3C) may be discharged through the line 16, or a part or all of it may be recycled to the reactor 1 through the line 40.
- the side stream mainly containing acetic acid or the acetic acid phase stream (3B) (acetic acid stream) is recovered by side-cutting from the splitter column 3 through the supply line 15.
- the stream (3B) containing acetic acid that has been side-cut may be supplied to another distillation column (not shown) through the line 15 to be distilled and purified (not shown).
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) separated in the splitter column 3 is about 35 to 50% by weight of the entire low boiling point component (2A).
- the splitter column 3 determines the total amount of the components supplied from the flasher 12 and the components recycled from the subsequent process. It will be subjected to distillation and separated as a low boiling point component (3A).
- the supply amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied from the splitter column 3 to the decanter 4 is the supply amount of the reaction mixture supplied to the flasher 2 and the low boiling point component (3A) supplied from the flasher 2 to the splitter column 3 ( It varies in a continuous process, in a form in which fluctuations in the feed rate of 2A) propagate.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 is about 90 to 110 throughout the entire process when the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 is 100 ( That is, the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) varies in the range of about 0 to ⁇ 10% by volume).
- the low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the decanter 4 with a relatively large fluctuation amount.
- the low boiling point component (3A) separated through the line 14 is cooled and condensed, continuously supplied to the decanter (reservoir) 4, and temporarily held (stored).
- the condensed low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) may be separated into an upper layer (water layer or aqueous phase) containing water and a lower layer (organic layer or organic phase).
- acetaldehyde and methyl iodide are included in both layers. In many cases, acetaldehyde is contained more in the upper layer (water layer) than in the lower layer.
- the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) held in the decanter 4 is supplied to the acetaldehyde separation column 6 through the supply line 17 and / or the supply line 18, but in the example of FIG.
- a part of the low boiling point component (3A) is branched from the line 17a (sub line 17a) branched from the line 17 or the line 18 based on the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) supplied to Changes in the storage amount (or liquid level) of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) held in the decanter 4 by circulation (or recycling) to the reaction system or the like via the line 18a (sub line 18a) Fluctuation in height) is suppressed at a high level.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) continuously supplied to the decanter 4 (for example, the amount supplied per unit time) is not constant in the continuous reaction, and as described above, the carbonylation reaction, It fluctuates through flash distillation and methyl iodide recycling (for example, the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied per unit time increases or decreases). Therefore, if the low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the decanter 4 as it is, the liquid level of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) that is condensed and stored in the decanter 4 greatly fluctuates. Depending on the size, driving is impossible.
- a part of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) is supplied from the decanter 4 to the distillation column 6 based on the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4.
- the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) held in the decanter 4 is recycled to a process different from the separation / recycling process (reactor 1 and / or splitter column 3 in the example of FIG. 1). The amount is adjusted or controlled.
- the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) is discharged from the upper layer and the lower layer in the decanter 4 through the line 17 and the line 18 respectively, but is supplied to the decanter 4. Even if the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) varies, the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) discharged from the decanter 4 so that the liquid level heights of the upper layer and the lower layer are constant (or substantially constant), respectively. ) Is adjusted. That is, the decanter 4 includes a liquid level sensor (not shown) that corresponds to the upper layer and the lower layer, respectively, and detects a change in the liquid level.
- the amount is adjusted. More specifically, when the flow rate supplied to the decanter is large based on the information of the liquid level sensor or the like, the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) to be discharged is prevented in order to prevent the liquid level from becoming high. ) Is increased, and when the flow rate supplied to the decanter is small, the decanter 4 is controlled by performing flow rate control such as decreasing the flow rate of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) to be discharged throughout the process.
- the liquid level of the low boiling point component (condensate) (3A) (the height of the liquid level of the upper layer and the lower layer) is kept constant or substantially constant (for example, when the average liquid level is 100, The liquid level is about 99 to 101 throughout the entire process, that is, the fluctuation of the liquid level is about 1% at the maximum in the entire process).
- the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the line 17 and the line 18 is supplied to the line 19 as a total amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied from the line 17b and the line 18b, but the line 17a and / or
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 is controlled to be constant or substantially constant. That is, in the example of FIG. 1, the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the upper layer and the lower layer in the decanter 4 is such that the liquid level in the decanter 4 is constant or substantially constant as described above.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 is varied by varying the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) circulated through the line 17a and / or the line 18a according to the variation.
- the low-boiling component (3A ) Is adjusted to about 98 to 102, that is, the fluctuation of the flow rate is adjusted to about 2% at the maximum in the entire process.
- the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 can be suppressed mainly by changing the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) to be circulated.
- the flow rate fluctuation can be further suppressed by adjusting the residence time of the low-boiling component (3A) at.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 may be adjusted by changing the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) circulated through the line 17a and / or the line 18a.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) circulated in the line 17a or 18a is fixed (that is, the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 17b or 18b is within a range that does not cause a large fluctuation in the flow rate generated. ) May be varied).
- the low boiling point component (3A) is discharged through the line 17 and the line 18, but the low boiling point component (3A) is discharged from only one of the lines, and a part thereof.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 may be adjusted by circulating the. Moreover, you may supply or discharge
- the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 17a may be supplied to the line 30 via the line 17a1 and may be circulated to the splitter column 3 or supplied to the line 40 via the line 17a2. 1 may be recycled (returned), or may be recycled via both lines 17a1 and 17a2.
- the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 18a is supplied to the line 40 and recycled to the reactor 1.
- the low-boiling component (3A) supplied to the line 19 may be supplied directly to the distillation column 6 because the fluctuation in the flow rate is remarkably suppressed as described above.
- it is supplied to the distillation column 6 via a reservoir (buffer tank) 5 having a buffer function. That is, the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 is supplied to the buffer tank 5 and then supplied to the distillation column 6 via the line 20.
- the amount supplied from the buffer tank 5 to the line 20 is made constant (or almost constant) by temporarily retaining the low boiling point component (3A) in the buffer tank 5, it is supplied from the line 19 in the buffer tank 5.
- the flow rate fluctuation of the generated low boiling point component (3A) can be efficiently reduced.
- the buffer tank 5 has a sufficient capacity to hold the low boiling point component (3A) and further reduce the flow rate fluctuation. It is important that Such a capacity can be expressed in relation to the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the buffer tank 5 depending on the magnitude of the flow rate fluctuation, and is generally represented by the low boiling point component (3A). ) Residence time of 1 minute or longer (for example, preferably 3 minutes or longer, more preferably 6 minutes or longer), the capacity of the buffer tank can be adjusted with respect to the flow rate.
- the buffer tank 5 is preferably capable of retaining the low boiling point component (3A) for the above-mentioned time.
- the low boiling point component (3A) can be recycled, or a sufficient amount of decanter can be used as described later. If the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 17 is suppressed in advance by maintaining a long residence time, select a buffer tank that makes the residence time shorter than the above range. However, stable operation is possible.
- the residence time (approximately the residence time) can be calculated using the flow rate (or flow rate) and the capacity of the buffer tank.
- the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the buffer tank 5 is Am 3. / B and when the average storage amount held in the buffer tank 5 is Bm 3 , it can be calculated as (B / A) time.
- the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 is a low boiling point component or a low boiling point component (or second boiling point component) containing a trace amount of methyl iodide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and the like in addition to acetaldehyde in the distillation column 6. (4A) and methyl iodide, water, acetic acid, etc., and a high boiling point stream or high boiling point component (4B).
- the separated low boiling point component (4A) is supplied to the acetaldehyde extraction device (water extraction column) 8 through the line (discharge line) 21 from the top or the upper column of the column, and acetaldehyde is converted from the low boiling point component (4A). Extracted with water and extracted acetaldehyde (aldehyde aqueous solution) is discharged through line 21b. A part of the low boiling point component (4A) may be returned to the distillation column 6 through the line 21a.
- the extraction liquid containing a small amount of methyl iodide or the like may be discharged out of the system, but in the example of FIG. 1, the extraction liquid discharged from the line 24 is supplied to the distillation column 6 through the line 24a. And / or supplied to line 40 through line 24b and recycled to reactor 1.
- the extraction rate of methyl iodide can be further improved by distilling or recycling the extracted residue.
- the separated high boiling point component (4B) is supplied to the line 40 that leads to the reactor 1 and the splitter column 3 through the line 22 as a separated liquid (boiler liquid or tower bottom liquid).
- a separated liquid such as a separated liquid or tower bottom liquid.
- useful components including methyl iodide are circulated (recycled) into the reaction system and the like.
- the high boiling point component (4B) may be supplied directly to the line 40 through the line 22, but in the example of FIG. 1, it is supplied to the line 40 through the line 23 through the buffer tank 7. Yes. That is, the flow rate fluctuation of the high boiling point component (4B) supplied through the line 22 is suppressed with the advanced flow rate control of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 as described above.
- the high boiling point component (4B) supplied to the line 40 may be partly or wholly recycled to the splitter column 3 via the line 40a, or the high boiling point component (4B) supplied to the line 40a. If it is a range which can ensure the stable driving
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart for explaining still another example of the method for producing acetic acid (or production apparatus) of the present invention.
- the process (or apparatus) in FIG. 2 uses a decanter 4A having a buffer function instead of the decanter 4 in FIG. 1, and supplies the low boiling point component (3A) directly to the distillation column 6 via the line 17.
- the process (or apparatus) is the same as that shown in FIG.
- the decanter usually cannot sufficiently reduce the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied from the splitter column 3, but in the example of FIG.
- the decanter 4A having a sufficiently large capacity of the decanter 4A is used, and the flow rate discharged in the line 17 is made constant or almost constant (for example, the low-boiling component supplied through the line 14 ( When the average flow rate of 3A) is 100 in terms of liquid volume, the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged or supplied to the line 17 throughout the process is about 98.5 to 101.5, The variation can be as high as 1.5% for the entire process).
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the line 17 (and the line 18) is not changed as in the example of FIG. 1, but is constant or substantially constant. So as to immobilize.
- the flow rate is fixed in this manner, stable operation cannot be performed.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) held by the flow rate fluctuation in the decanter 4A.
- the decanter 4A has a capacity that can alleviate the fluctuation, stable operation is possible.
- the capacity of the decanter 4A becomes important as in the case of the example of FIG. 2, and the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter 4A is generally in the same range as described above (for example, 1 Minutes or more, preferably 3 minutes or more, more preferably 6 minutes or more), and stable operation is often possible.
- the low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the distillation column 6 via the line 17 corresponding to the upper layer, but is supplied via the line 18 corresponding to the lower layer in the example of FIG. Alternatively, it may be supplied via the line 17 and the line 18. Moreover, you may supply via a single line irrespective of an upper layer and a lower layer.
- reaction step carbonylation reaction step
- methanol is carbonylated with carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system.
- methanol may supply fresh methanol directly or indirectly to the reaction system, or may be supplied to the reaction system by recycling methanol or its derivatives distilled from various distillation steps. Good.
- the catalyst system can usually be composed of a metal catalyst, a cocatalyst, and a promoter.
- the metal catalyst include transition metal catalysts, particularly metal catalysts containing a Group 8 metal of the periodic table, such as a cobalt catalyst, a rhodium catalyst, and an iridium catalyst.
- the catalyst may be a single metal, or a metal oxide (including composite oxide), metal hydroxide, metal halide (chloride, bromide, iodide, etc.), carboxylate metal salt (acetate) Etc.), inorganic acid metal salts (sulfates, nitrates, phosphates, etc.), metal complexes and the like.
- Such metal catalysts can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Preferred metal catalysts are rhodium catalysts and iridium catalysts (particularly rhodium catalysts).
- the metal catalyst is preferably used in a form that is soluble in the reaction solution.
- rhodium usually exists as a complex in the reaction solution
- the catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it can be converted into a complex in the reaction solution, and various forms are possible.
- a rhodium catalyst a rhodium iodine complex (for example, RhI 3 , RhI 2 (CO) 4 ] ⁇ , [Rh (CO) 2 I 2 ] ⁇ etc.), a rhodium carbonyl complex and the like are particularly preferable.
- the catalyst can be stabilized in the reaction solution by adding a halide salt (such as an iodide salt) and / or water.
- the concentration of the metal catalyst is, for example, 10 to 5000 ppm (weight basis, the same shall apply hereinafter), preferably 100 to 4000 ppm, more preferably 200 to 3000 ppm, particularly 300 to 2000 ppm (for example, 500 ppm) with respect to the entire liquid phase in the reactor. ⁇ 1500 ppm).
- a halide salt (iodide salt or the like) is used as a co-catalyst or promoter constituting the catalyst system.
- the iodide salt is added for the purpose of stabilizing the rhodium catalyst and suppressing side reactions, particularly under low moisture.
- the iodide salt is not particularly limited as long as it generates iodine ions in the reaction solution.
- a metal halide for example, an alkali metal salt of iodide (lithium iodide, sodium iodide, potassium iodide, etc.) , Rubidium iodide, cesium iodide, etc.), iodide alkaline earth metal salts (beryllium iodide, magnesium iodide, calcium iodide, etc.), iodide periodic table group 3B element salts (boron iodide, aluminum iodide, etc.)
- Metal iodides such as bromides, chlorides, etc.]
- organic halides eg, phosphonium salts of iodide (eg, salts with tributylphosphine, triphenylphosphine, etc.), ammonium salts of iodide, etc.] (Tertiary amines, pyridines, imidazoles, imides, etc.
- Organic iodides, bromides corresponding to these, and the like chloride] is.
- an alkali metal iodide salt such as lithium iodide
- a carbonylation catalyst such as a rhodium catalyst
- alkali metal iodide salts such as lithium iodide are preferred.
- the concentration of halide salt (iodide salt, etc.) in the reaction system (reaction solution) of the reactor is, for example, 1 to 25% by weight, preferably 2 to 22% by weight, based on the entire liquid phase in the reactor. More preferably, it is about 3 to 20% by weight. Furthermore, the concentration of iodide ions in the reaction system may be, for example, 0.07 to 2.5 mol / liter, preferably 0.25 to 1.5 mol / liter.
- alkyl iodide for example, C 1-4 alkyl iodide such as methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, propyl iodide, etc.
- methyl iodide is used as the promoter constituting the catalyst system.
- concentration of the accelerator the more the reaction is promoted. Therefore, considering the recovery of the accelerator, the equipment scale of the process for circulating the recovered accelerator to the reactor, the amount of energy required for recovery and circulation, etc. It is possible to select a concentration that is advantageous to the above.
- the concentration of alkyl iodide (especially methyl iodide) in the reaction system is, for example, 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 20% by weight, more preferably 6 to 16% by weight, based on the entire liquid phase in the reactor. % (For example, 8 to 14% by weight).
- the reaction solution contains methyl acetate.
- the content ratio of methyl acetate is 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 0.3 to 20% by weight, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight (for example, 0.5 to 6% by weight) of the whole reaction solution. A proportion of the degree may be used.
- Carbon monoxide supplied to the reaction system may be used as a pure gas, or may be diluted with an inert gas (for example, nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, etc.). Moreover, you may recycle the waste gas component containing the carbon monoxide obtained from a subsequent process to a reaction system.
- the partial pressure of carbon monoxide in the reactor may be, for example, about 2 to 30 atm, preferably about 4 to 15 atm.
- hydrogen may be supplied to the reaction system.
- Hydrogen supplied to the reaction system can be supplied to the reaction system as a mixed gas together with carbon monoxide as a raw material.
- hydrogen may be supplied by appropriately purifying gas components (including hydrogen and carbon monoxide) discharged in the subsequent distillation step (distillation tower) and recycling them to the reaction system as necessary.
- the hydrogen partial pressure of the reaction system may be about 0.5 to 250 kPa, preferably 1 to 200 kPa, more preferably 5 to 150 kPa (for example, 10 to 100 kPa) in absolute pressure.
- the carbon monoxide partial pressure and hydrogen partial pressure of the reaction system are, for example, the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrogen supplied to the reaction system or the amount of these components recycled to the reaction system, the raw material substrate (methanol) Etc.), the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, etc. can be adjusted appropriately.
- the reaction temperature may be, for example, about 150 to 250 ° C., preferably 160 to 230 ° C., more preferably about 180 to 220 ° C.
- the reaction pressure total reactor pressure
- the reaction temperature may be, for example, about 15 to 40 atmospheres including the partial pressure of by-products.
- the reaction may be performed in the presence or absence of a solvent.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reactivity and separation or purification efficiency are not lowered, and various solvents can be used, but usually acetic acid as a product is often used.
- the concentration of water contained in the reaction system is not particularly limited, but may be a low concentration.
- the water concentration of the reaction system is, for example, 15% by weight or less (for example, 0.1 to 12% by weight), preferably 10% by weight or less (for example, 0.1 to 8% by weight) with respect to the entire liquid phase of the reaction system. %), More preferably about 0.1 to 5% by weight, and usually about 1 to 15% by weight (for example, 2 to 10% by weight).
- each component, in particular, iodide salt (lithium iodide) and water concentration are reacted at a specific concentration to reduce the solubility of carbon monoxide in the liquid supplied to the evaporation tank. Carbon oxide loss can be reduced.
- the acetaldehyde concentration in the reactor is kept relatively small although it is a continuous reaction.
- the concentration of acetaldehyde in the reactor (or reaction system) is 1000 ppm or less (for example, 0 or detection limit to 700 ppm), preferably 400 ppm or less (for example, 5 to 300 ppm) of the entire liquid phase in the reactor throughout the process. It may be.
- acetaldehyde eg, crotonaldehyde, a reducing substance produced by aldol condensation of acetaldehyde, 2-ethylcrotonaldehyde, acetaldehyde produced by aldol condensation of hydride of crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde
- crotonaldehyde a reducing substance produced by aldol condensation of acetaldehyde
- 2-ethylcrotonaldehyde acetaldehyde produced by aldol condensation of hydride of crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde
- the generation of such acetaldehyde-derived byproducts can be remarkably suppressed in combination with the low acetaldehyde concentration. That is, these by-products are often by-produced in proportion to the second to third power of the acetaldehyde concentration, and by suppressing the concentration and fluctuation of acetaldehyde, the generation of by-products can be efficiently suppressed. .
- the space-time yield of the target carboxylic acid (acetic acid) in the reaction system may be, for example, about 5 to 50 mol / Lh, preferably 8 to 40 mol / Lh, more preferably about 10 to 30 mol / Lh.
- the steam component may be extracted from the top of the reactor for the purpose of adjusting the pressure of the reactor, etc., and the extracted steam component is used in a condenser or heat to remove part of the reaction heat. It may be cooled by a converter or the like. The cooled vapor component is separated into a liquid component (including acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, water, etc.) and a gas component (including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.). May be recycled.
- a liquid component including acetic acid, methyl acetate, methyl iodide, acetaldehyde, water, etc.
- a gas component including carbon monoxide, hydrogen, etc.
- Flash evaporation process In the flash evaporation step (evaporation tank), at least a high boiling point catalyst component (metal catalyst component such as rhodium catalyst and halogen) is supplied from the reaction step or the reaction mixture supplied from the reactor to the flasher (evaporation tank, flash distillation column).
- the high boiling point component (2B) containing the chloride salt) is separated as a liquid, and the low boiling point component (2A) containing acetic acid and methyl iodide is separated as a vapor.
- the supply amount of the reaction mixture supplied to the flasher varies.
- the average flow rate of the reaction mixture supplied to the flasher is 100 (in terms of liquid volume, the same applies to other descriptions unless otherwise specified)
- the fluctuation is supplied to the flasher throughout the process.
- the flow rate of the reaction mixture is about 90 to 110 (eg 93 to 107), preferably 95 to 105 (eg 97 to 103), more preferably 98 to 102 (eg 98.5 to 101.5). is there.
- the separation (flash distillation) of the metal catalyst component can be carried out by a conventional separation method or separation apparatus, but can usually be carried out using a flash distillation column. Moreover, you may isolate
- the reaction mixture may be heated or the vapor component and the liquid component may be separated without heating.
- a vapor component and a liquid component can be separated from a reaction mixture by reducing the pressure without heating
- a vapor component and a liquid component can be separated from the reaction mixture by heating and depressurizing the reaction mixture.
- These flash conditions may be combined to separate the reaction mixture.
- These flash distillations are performed, for example, at a temperature of about 80 to 200 ° C. and a pressure (absolute pressure) of 50 to 1000 kPa (for example, 100 to 1000 kPa), preferably 100 to 500 kPa, more preferably about 100 to 300 kPa. be able to.
- the catalyst separation step may be a single step or a combination of a plurality of steps.
- the high boiling point catalyst component (metal catalyst component) thus separated may be usually recycled to the reaction system as in the example of the above figure.
- a part of the low boiling point component (2A) may be recycled to the reactor or reaction system as described above.
- the low boiling point component (2A) to be recycled may be recycled to the reactor after heat removal and condensation by an appropriate method (such as a method using a heat exchanger or a condenser).
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (2A) to be recycled may be, for example, 1 to 50% by volume (for example, 5 to 45% by volume), preferably 10 to 40% by volume, and more preferably about 10 to 30% by volume. Good.
- the separated low boiling point component (2A) includes acetic acid as a product, cocatalyst such as hydrogen iodide and methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, and by-products (aldehyde such as acetaldehyde and propionic acid) And fed to a distillation column for recovering acetic acid.
- the proportion of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the acetic acid recovery step is, for example, 5 to 50% by weight, preferably 8 to 40% by weight, and more preferably based on the whole reaction mixture. It may be about 10 to 35% by weight (for example, 12 to 30% by weight).
- the low boiling point component (2A) is supplied to a distillation column (splitter column), and the low boiling point component (3A) containing methyl iodide and by-produced acetaldehyde and the fraction (3B) containing acetic acid are separated. Separate and collect acetic acid.
- low boiling point component (3A) (overhead) containing methyl iodide, methyl acetate, acetaldehyde, water, etc. is vaporized from low boiling point component (2A) (acetic acid stream) supplied from the flasher.
- a liquid stream (3B) containing acetic acid (side cut stream, side stream) is distilled by side cut.
- acetic acid, water, propionic acid, a metal catalyst component mixed by splash entrainment, a high boiling point component (3C) containing a halide salt, etc. may be separated.
- Such a high boiling point component (3C) may be removed (canned) from the bottom of the distillation column, and contains a useful component such as a metal catalyst component and acetic acid remaining without evaporation. As in the above example, it may be recycled to a reactor (or reaction step), a flash evaporation step (or distillation column), or the like.
- acetic acid stream Prior to recycling, propionic acid or the like that lowers the quality of product acetic acid may be removed.
- the acetic acid stream (crude acetic acid solution) is usually dehydrated in the next distillation column, and further introduced into an acetic acid product column for separating and distilling the high and low boiling points to produce product acetic acid.
- the high boiling point component (3C) to be recycled may be recycled to a reaction system or the like via a reservoir having a buffer function, as will be described later.
- the supply amount of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the distillation column also varies in such a way that the variation in the supply amount from the reactor propagates.
- the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the distillation column is 100
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (2A) supplied to the distillation column (2A) is throughout the process. It is about 90 to 110 (for example, 93 to 107), preferably about 95 to 105 (for example, 97 to 103), and more preferably about 98 to 102 (for example, 98.5 to 101.5).
- the position of the supply port of the low-boiling component (2A) to be supplied is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, any of the upper stage, middle stage, and lower stage of the distillation tower. Good.
- the acetic acid stream in the distillation column may be supplied from either the upper side or the lower side with respect to the side flow port for side cutting.
- the position of the side flow outlet for side-cutting the acetic acid stream may be any of the upper stage, middle stage, and lower stage of the distillation tower, but is usually the middle stage or lower stage of the distillation tower. preferable.
- distillation column a conventional distillation column such as a plate column, a packed column, or a flash distillation column can be used, but a rectifying column such as a plate column or a packed column may be usually used.
- the material of the distillation column is not particularly limited, and glass, metal, ceramic, etc. can be used, but usually a metal distillation column is often used.
- the distillation temperature and pressure in the distillation column can be appropriately selected according to conditions such as the type of the distillation column and which of the low-boiling component and the high-boiling component are removed intensively.
- the temperature in the column usually the temperature at the top of the column
- the pressure in the column for example, 20 to 180 ° C., preferably 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 100 to 140 ° C. It may be a degree.
- the theoretical plate is not particularly limited, and is 5 to 50 plates, preferably 7 to 35 plates, more preferably about 8 to 30 plates, depending on the type of separation component.
- the theoretical plate may be 10 to 80 plates, preferably 20 to 60 plates, more preferably about 25 to 50 plates.
- the reflux ratio may be selected, for example, from about 0.5 to 3000, preferably about 0.8 to 2000, depending on the number of the theoretical plates. It may be reduced.
- the separated low boiling point component (3A) often contains methyl acetate, water, acetic acid and the like in addition to methyl iodide and acetaldehyde.
- the proportion of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the condensing step or decanter is, for example, 5 to 70% by volume with respect to the entire low boiling point component (2A), preferably It may be about 10 to 65% by volume, more preferably about 12 to 60% by volume (for example, 15 to 50% by volume).
- condensation / discharge process In the condensation / discharge process (sometimes simply referred to as the condensation process), the separated low boiling point component (or condensate) (3A) is temporarily held (or stored) in the decanter (or reservoir) while condensing. And then discharged for at least the acetaldehyde separation step.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) to be held (or the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) to be discharged) is supplied to the decanter throughout the process. Adjustment (or control) is performed based on the flow rate fluctuation of (3A).
- the supply amount of the low-boiling component (3A) supplied to the decanter varies greatly through a series of steps.
- the average flow rate of the low-boiling component (3A) supplied to the decanter is 100
- the flow rate of the low-boiling component (or condensate) (3A) supplied to the decanter throughout the process.
- the discharge amount of the low boiling point component (3A) is changed in accordance with the change of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter.
- the liquid level height of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter is determined by the process. Throughout, it may be adjusted to 80 to 120 (eg 85 to 115), preferably 90 to 110 (eg 93 to 107), more preferably 95 to 105 (eg 98 to 102) (or low).
- the amount of the boiling component (3A) discharged may be adjusted).
- the interface height of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter (for example, The liquid level of the lower layer) is 80 to 120 (eg 85 to 115), preferably 90 to 110 (eg 93 to 107), more preferably 95 to 105 (eg 98 to 102) throughout the process. ) May be adjusted (or the discharge amount of the low boiling point component (3A) may be adjusted).
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter throughout the process is [For example, about 80 to 120 (for example, 85 to 115), preferably 90 to 110 (for example, 93 to 107), more preferably about 95 to 105 (for example, 98 to 102) so that it is constant or almost constant. ] May be adjusted.
- the liquid level height and the like may be adjusted by using the above-mentioned sensor (liquid level sensor).
- the low boiling point component (3A ) May be adjusted by providing a suitable means for discharging the decanter.
- the decanter having a buffer function may have a capacity that can sufficiently mitigate fluctuations in the supply amount of the low boiling point component (3A).
- the selection of such a decanter is generally within a range in which the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter can be sufficiently maintained ⁇ eg, residence time (or average residence time) of 1 minute or more [eg, 2 Minutes or more (eg, 2.5 minutes to 3 hours), preferably 3 minutes or more [eg, 4 minutes or more (eg, 5 to 60 minutes)], more preferably 6 minutes or more (eg, 8 to 50 minutes), In particular, 12 minutes or more (for example, about 15 to 40 minutes)] can be selected as an index.
- the residence time of the entire layer may be in the above range. Further, the residence time of the upper layer and the residence time of the lower layer are not necessarily the same, and the residence time of one layer may be increased (or shortened).
- the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) in the decanter is not particularly limited, and is, for example, 5 seconds or longer (for example, 10 seconds or longer), preferably 15 seconds or longer (for example, 20 seconds or longer). ), More preferably 30 seconds or more.
- a decanter having a buffer function that can be used in the method (2) may be used to maintain a sufficient residence time.
- the low boiling point component (3A) may be separated into an upper layer and a lower layer in the decanter as described above. In such a case, the low boiling point component (3A) may be discharged from either the upper layer or the lower layer, or from both layers.
- the fluctuation of the supply amount is in the same range as described above.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from each of the upper layer and the lower layer is changed in accordance with the change in the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter. Thereby, the fluctuation
- the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is supplied to the acetaldehyde separation step (or the acetaldehyde separation tower), but if it is supplied as it is without controlling the flow rate, the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter is reduced. As a result of fluctuations, acetaldehyde may not be stably separated. Therefore, in the present invention, in addition to the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter, the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling step may be adjusted.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling step throughout the process is: [For example, 90 to 110 (for example, 93 to 107), preferably 95 to 105 (for example, 97 to 103), more preferably 98 to 102, particularly 98.5 to 101.5, so that it is constant or substantially constant. To an extent] (ie, substantially immobilized).
- a method for adjusting or controlling the supply amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling process for example, (a) a part of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is separated / recycled.
- the method of supplying to the separation / recycling process (example of FIG. 1), (c) The method of making the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter constant (or almost constant) (example of FIG. 2) Etc., and these methods may be combined.
- a part of the discharged low boiling point component (3A) is recycled (recycled) according to fluctuations in the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter without being subjected to the separation / recycling process.
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the separation / recycling step can be adjusted to be constant or substantially constant. That is, when the amount of the low-boiling component (3A) discharged from the decanter fluctuates, the low-boiling component supplied to the separation / recycling process is changed by changing the amount of the low-boiling component (3A) to be circulated. The fluctuation of (3A) can be suppressed at a high level.
- the step (or apparatus) for recycling the low boiling point component (3A) is not particularly limited as long as it is not a separation / recycling step (or acetaldehyde separation tower), and a reactor (or reaction step), an acetic acid recovery step (or distillation column), etc. Any of the above may be used, and it may be recycled to a plurality of steps. In particular, it may be recycled to at least the reaction step.
- the amount to be circulated can be selected according to the treatment capacity of the acetaldehyde separation tower, the magnitude of the fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter, etc., for example, supplied to the decanter 2% or more (for example, 3 to 99%) of the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A), preferably 5% or more (for example, 7 to 95%), more preferably 10% or more (for example, 12 to 90%) In particular, it may be about 20% or more (for example, 20 to 90%).
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) (or the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A)) circulated to the reaction system (or the reaction step or the reactor) is based on the entire low boiling point component (3A) to be circulated. It may be 5 to 100% by volume, preferably 10 to 90% by volume, more preferably 15 to 80% by volume, and particularly 20 to 75% by volume (for example, 25 to 70% by volume).
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) (or its average flow rate) circulated to the reactor and the low boiling point component (3A) (or its average flow rate) supplied to the separation / recycling process is the former / the latter (volume).
- Ratio 95/5 to 10/90 (eg, 90/10 to 15/85), preferably 85/15 to 20/80 (eg, 80/20 to 25/75), more preferably 75/25 to It may be about 35/65 (for example, 70/30 to 40/60), particularly about 70/30 to 45/55 (for example, 65/35 to 50/50).
- the low boiling point component (3A) When the low boiling point component (3A) is separated into an upper layer and a lower layer in the decanter, either the upper layer (part or all of the upper layer) or the lower layer (part or all of the lower layer) may be recycled. In particular, both layers may be recycled to the reaction system.
- a part of the upper layer is recycled, for example, 3 to 90% by volume, preferably 5 to 80% by volume (for example, 10 to 75% by volume) with respect to the entire lower boiling point component (3A) of the upper layer, Preferably, about 15 to 65% by volume (for example, 20 to 60% by volume) may be recycled.
- a part of the lower layer is recycled, for example, 5 to 95% by volume, preferably 10 to 90% by volume (for example, 15 to 85% by volume), based on the entire lower boiling component (3A) of the lower layer, Preferably, about 20 to 80% by volume (for example, 25 to 75% by volume) may be recycled.
- the low boiling point component (3A) to be circulated in the reaction system may be separated and acetaldehyde circulated by a conventional method (for example, an extraction method described later) as necessary.
- the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is retained in a reservoir (buffer tank, etc.) having a buffer function before being supplied to the separation / recycling process.
- a reservoir equipped with a buffer function can be selected based on the degree of fluctuation of the flow rate as described above, but may be selected based on the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A).
- the residence time of the low boiling point component (3A) is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 0.5 minutes or longer [for example, 1 minute or longer (for example, 1.5 minutes to 3 hours)], preferably 2 minutes. [For example, 3 minutes or more (for example, 4 to 60 minutes)], more preferably 6 minutes or more (for example, 8 to 50 minutes), particularly 12 minutes or more (for example, about 15 to 40 minutes) may be used. .
- the residence time of the reservoir may be determined in relation to the residence time of the decanter.
- the total time of the residence time in the decanter and the residence time in the reservoir is 1 minute or more [eg, 1.5 minutes Or more (for example, 2 minutes to 3 hours)], preferably 3 minutes or more [for example, 4 minutes or more (for example, 5 to 60 minutes)], more preferably 6 minutes or more (for example, 8 to 50 minutes), particularly 12
- the reservoir may be selected so that it is at least minutes (for example, about 15 to 40 minutes).
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is constant (or almost constant) [for example, when the average flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter is 100, the entire process
- the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter through is set to 90 to 100 (for example, 95 to 105), preferably 98 to 102, more preferably about 98.5 to 101.5].
- a method that can reduce flow rate fluctuations in the decanter for example, the above-described method ( 2) etc. may be suitably combined.
- the position at which the low boiling point component (3A) is discharged from the decanter (the position of the discharge port) is not particularly limited, and may be any of the upper, middle, lower, bottom, etc. of the decanter.
- a discharge port may be provided.
- separates into an upper layer and a lower layer within a decanter, you may discharge
- acetaldehyde is separated from the low boiling point component (3A) discharged or supplied in a condensed state (liquid state) by the condensation step, and the separated solution from which the acetaldehyde is separated is removed from the reaction system. Recycle to the process until separation.
- the discharged low boiling point component (3A) may further include a component obtained by extracting a vapor component from the top of the reactor, a high boiling point component (3C), and the like.
- the low boiling point component (3A) used for separation contains acetaldehyde, methyl iodide, methyl acetate, water, and other carbonyl impurities (crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, etc.).
- the ratio of acetaldehyde may be about 0.05 to 50% by weight
- the ratio of methyl iodide may be about 0.5 to 90% by weight.
- the proportion of methyl may be about 0 to 15% by weight
- the proportion of acetic acid may be about 0 to 80% by weight
- the proportion of water may be about 0.1 to 40% by weight.
- the method for separating acetaldehyde is not particularly limited as long as it is a method capable of obtaining a separated liquid from which acetaldehyde is separated, and extraction and distillation (such as a method of separating and distilling a process liquid containing acetaldehyde in one or more distillation towers), Conventional methods such as a combination of these and extractive distillation can be used.
- the low-boiling point component (3A) is supplied to a distillation column (acetaldehyde separation column), and the low-boiling point component (4A) containing acetaldehyde and the separated liquid separated from the acetaldehyde (distillate or tower)
- the method of separating into a bottom liquid can be preferably used.
- paraaldehyde and metaldehyde may be actively generated by changing distillation conditions, and acetaldehyde may be separated and removed from the distillation column can in the form of paraaldehyde and metaldehyde.
- a solvent that dissolves the metaaldehyde such as methanol, may be charged into the tower to prevent clogging due to crystallization of the metaaldehyde.
- the separation liquid from which acetaldehyde is separated by distillation is separated as a separation liquid (high boiling point component (4B)) containing methyl iodide, which is a useful component, and recycled.
- a separation liquid high boiling point component (4B)
- the off-gas component may be removed in advance by using a condenser or a cooler.
- acetaldehyde separation tower for example, a conventional distillation tower such as a plate tower, a packed tower, a flash distillation tower or the like can be used, but a rectifying tower such as a plate tower or a packed tower may be usually used. .
- the temperature (top temperature) and pressure (top pressure) are at least acetaldehyde from the low boiling point component (3A) by utilizing the boiling point difference between acetaldehyde and other components (particularly methyl iodide).
- the top pressure is 10 to 1000 kPa, preferably 10 to 700 kPa, more preferably about 100 to 500 kPa in absolute pressure.
- the temperature in the column is, for example, about 10 to 80 ° C., preferably 20 to 70 ° C., and more preferably about 40 to 60 ° C.
- the theoretical plate may be, for example, about 5 to 80, preferably 8 to 60, and more preferably about 10 to 50.
- the reflux ratio can be selected from about 1 to 1000, preferably 10 to 800, more preferably about 50 to 600 (for example, 100 to 600), depending on the number of theoretical plates.
- the recycling of the separation liquid (or high boiling point component (4B)) from which acetaldehyde has been separated is not particularly limited as long as it is a process leading to the separation of acetaldehyde from the reaction system, and the reaction process (or reactor), flash distillation process. (Or a flash distillation column), an acetic acid recovery step (or a distillation column), etc., and may be recycled to an acetaldehyde separation column as shown in the above figure, or may be recycled in combination. Good.
- the separation liquid (or the high boiling point component (4B)) from which acetaldehyde is separated is often recycled to at least the reactor.
- the separation liquid (or high boiling point component (4B)) may be directly recycled or may be recycled via a reservoir (buffer tank or the like) having a buffer function.
- a reservoir buffer tank or the like
- the separation liquid is recycled at a constant or almost constant flow rate. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the influence of flow rate fluctuations on the process to be recycled.
- the fluctuation of the flow rate of the separation liquid is, for example, when the average flow rate of the separation liquid is 100, the flow rate of the separation liquid is 85 to 115 (for example, 90 to 110) throughout the process. ), Preferably 93 to 107 (eg 94 to 106), more preferably 95 to 105.
- a reservoir equipped with a buffer function can be selected based on the degree of fluctuation of the flow rate as in the case of the condensation step, but may be selected based on the residence time of the separation liquid.
- the residence time of the separation liquid is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 minute or more (for example, 2 minutes to 3 hours), preferably 3 minutes or more (for example, 4 to 60 minutes), more preferably 12 minutes. It may be more than this (for example, about 15 to 40 minutes).
- the flow rate of the separation liquid can be about 90 to 110 (for example, 93 to 107), preferably 95 to 105, and more preferably about 96 to 104 (for example, 97 to 103).
- the flow rate of the high boiling point component (4B) recycled to the separation column is kept constant or constant in order to suppress the flow rate fluctuation in the separation column at a high level.
- the flow rate of the separation liquid recycled to the separation column throughout the process is 95 to 105, preferably 97 to 103, more preferably 98 to 102 (for example, 99 To about 101).
- the low boiling point component (4A) containing the separated acetaldehyde may be discharged as it is, but may contain useful components such as methyl iodide. Therefore, methyl iodide (or a component containing methyl iodide, for example, a component containing methyl iodide, methyl acetate, etc.) recovered from the low boiling point component (4A) may be recycled.
- the method for separating acetaldehyde and methyl iodide (or a component containing methyl iodide) from the low boiling point component (4A) is not particularly limited, and a conventional method (for example, extraction, distillation, etc.) should be used. Can do. Typically, (i) a method in which the low boiling point component (4A) is distilled to separate methyl iodide and acetaldehyde, and (ii) acetaldehyde is miscible with water and methyl iodide is immiscible with water. And a method using water extraction for separation of methyl iodide and acetaldehyde.
- the method (ii) of water extraction is preferred. Since this method can suppress the formation of paraaldehyde and metaaldehyde due to the increase of the hydrogen ion concentration in the distillate due to decomposition of esters and the like, acetaldehyde can be efficiently concentrated and removed at a high concentration.
- Extraction temperature and extraction time are not particularly limited, and for example, extraction may be performed at a temperature of 0 ° C. to 100 ° C. for about 1 second to 1 hour.
- the extraction pressure is not particularly limited, and an advantageous condition can be selected from the cost aspect.
- an extractor for example, a combination of a mixer and a settler, a combination of a static mixer and a decanter, RDC (rotated disk contactor), Karr tower, spray tower, packed tower, perforated plate tower, baffle plate tower, pulsating tower, etc. Can do.
- methyl iodide (or a component containing methyl iodide) is not particularly limited as long as it is a process from the reaction system to the separation of acetaldehyde.
- the reaction process or reactor
- flash distillation process or flash distillation
- acetic acid recovery step or distillation tower
- You may recycle in combination.
- Example 1 In the apparatus (or process) of FIG. 1, the acetic acid production process is continuously performed as shown in FIG. 1 except that the low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the acetaldehyde separation column 6 without passing through the buffer tank 5. It was. Details of the process are shown below.
- the reactor 1 is charged with a reaction solution having a composition of 13% by weight of methyl iodide, 8% by weight of water, 1.3% by weight of methyl acetate, 73.6% by weight of acetic acid, 5% by weight of lithium iodide and 800 ppm by weight of rhodium. Started the process. Throughout the process, the flow rate of the reaction solution supplied from the reactor 1 to the flasher 2 fluctuated within a range of about ⁇ 1.6% with respect to the average flow rate.
- the splitter column 3 is separated by distillation into a low-boiling component (3A) (about 50% by volume), a stream containing acetic acid (3B), and a high-boiling component (3C). ) Was side-cut, and the high boiling point component (3C) was recycled to the reactor as it was.
- the total amount of the component supplied through the line 12 and the component supplied through the line 30 described later was distilled and separated as a low boiling point component (3A).
- the low boiling point component (3A) was supplied to the decanter 4, and at that time, the flow rate varied within a range of ⁇ 5% with respect to the average flow rate (48.5 m 3 / hour).
- the composition of the low boiling point component (3A) was 61% by weight methyl iodide, 6% by weight methyl acetate, 6% by weight acetic acid, 24% by weight water, and 0.27% by weight acetaldehyde.
- the liquid level and interface level of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter 4 are substantially constant (the fluctuation of the liquid level is about ⁇ 1% of the average liquid level, the interface height (or lower layer)
- the low boiling point component (3A) was discharged via the line 17 and the line 18 so that the fluctuation of the liquid surface height was maintained at about ⁇ 1% of the average interface height).
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged to the line 17 and the line 18 is changed in accordance with the flow rate fluctuation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4, and the flow rate in the decanter 4 is reduced.
- the residence time of the boiling point component (3A) By adjusting the residence time of the boiling point component (3A), the liquid level and the interface level in the decanter 4 were kept almost constant.
- a part of the discharged low boiling point component (3A) is recycled through the line 17a and the line 18a, so that the flow rate becomes substantially constant (flow rate fluctuation is about ⁇ 1.5% of the average flow rate).
- the flow rate supplied to the line 19 varies the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) circulated to the reaction system (reactor) through the line 17a and the line 18a, and the low boiling point component (3A) stays in the decanter 4. Adjusted by adjusting the time. In addition, the residence time of the upper layer in the decanter 4 was 13 minutes, and the residence time of the lower layer was 6 minutes.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 17b and the line 18b is changed by changing the flow rate of the line 17a and the line 18a corresponding to the flow rate variation of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter 4.
- the amount could be almost constant.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 18a fluctuated within a range of about ⁇ 10%. Therefore, the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (and the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6) could be made substantially constant.
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (or line 17b) in the upper low boiling point component (3A) is 13.5 volumes of the entire low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4. % (Corresponding to 25% by volume of the entire upper layer), of the lower boiling point component (3A) of the lower layer, the proportion of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (or line 18b) was supplied to the decanter 4 It was 13.5 volume% (equivalent to 28 volume% of the whole lower layer) of the whole low boiling point component (3A).
- the composition of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 is 46% by weight methyl iodide, 6% by weight methyl acetate, 10% by weight acetic acid, 37% by weight water, 0.3% by weight acetaldehyde, The hydrogen fluoride content was 0.01% by weight.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the tower was 42% by weight methyl iodide, 2% by weight water, and 56% by weight acetaldehyde.
- the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the column was separated as a residual solution containing methyl iodide after the acetaldehyde was removed by water extraction in the extractor 8.
- the extracted residue was recycled to the bottom of the distillation column 6 (10th stage) and the reactor 1 as it was.
- the amount recycled to the distillation column 6 was constant.
- the acetaldehyde extraction rate of the low boiling point component (4A) was 98%. 19 kg / hr of acetaldehyde could be removed by treating the total amount of 34 kg / hr of the liquid collected from the top of the 80-stage distillation column. As a result, 59% of the acetaldehyde production amount of 32 kg / hr in the reactor could be removed.
- the above process was performed continuously, but the process could be operated stably. After the operation for a predetermined time (200 hours), the acetaldehyde concentration in the reactor was measured and found to be 390 ppm. It was found that stable operation was possible while removing acetaldehyde at a high level. As a result, the peracetic acid time of the product acetic acid obtained was 240 minutes.
- Example 2 In Example 1, it carried out similarly to Example 1 except having carried out the process until it recycled the low boiling-point component (3A) discharged
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (or line 17b) in the upper low boiling point component (3A) is 0% by volume of the entire low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 (that is, The lower boiling point component (3A) of the upper layer is recycled without being supplied to the line 19 or the line 17b), and the lower boiling point component (3A) of the lower layer is supplied to the line 19 (or the line 18b).
- the ratio of (3A) was 27% by volume of the entire low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 (corresponding to 57% by volume of the entire lower layer).
- a part of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged by the above process is recycled through the line 18a, so that its flow rate is almost constant (flow rate fluctuation is about ⁇ 2.5% of the average flow rate).
- it was supplied to the line 19 (or the line 20) and supplied to the distillation column 6 as it was.
- the flow rate supplied to the line 19 was adjusted by changing the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) circulated to the reaction system (reactor) through the line 18a. That is, the amount of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 18b is made substantially constant by changing the flow rate of the line 18a in accordance with the flow rate variation of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged from the decanter 4.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 18a fluctuated within a range of about ⁇ 17%). Therefore, the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (and the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6) could be made substantially constant.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 is 91% by weight methyl iodide, 7% by weight methyl acetate, 1% by weight acetic acid, 0.3% by weight water, and 0.1% by weight acetaldehyde.
- the hydrogen iodide content was 0.001% by weight.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the column was 43% by weight methyl iodide, 1% by weight water, and 56% by weight acetaldehyde.
- the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the column was separated as a residual solution containing methyl iodide after the acetaldehyde was removed by water extraction in the extractor 8.
- the extracted residue was recycled to the bottom of the distillation column 6 (10th stage) and the reactor 1 as it was.
- the amount recycled to the distillation column 6 was constant.
- the acetaldehyde extraction rate of the low boiling point component (4A) was 98%. 20 kg / hr of acetaldehyde could be removed by treating a total amount of 34 kg / hr of the liquid extracted from the top of the 80-stage distillation column. As a result, 63% of the acetaldehyde production amount of 32 kg / hr in the reactor could be removed.
- Example 3 In Example 1, it carried out similarly to Example 1 except having carried out the process until it recycled the low boiling-point component (3A) discharged
- the liquid level and interface level of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter 4 are substantially constant (the fluctuation of the liquid level is about ⁇ 1% of the average liquid level, the interface
- the low boiling point component (3A) is added to the upper part of the decanter 4 via the line 17 (in the upper layer) so that the fluctuation of the height (or the liquid level of the lower layer) is maintained at about ⁇ 1% of the average interface height. It was discharged from the corresponding site. That is, by changing the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged to the line 17 in the same manner as the flow rate change of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4, the liquid level and interface in the decanter 4 are changed. The level was kept almost constant.
- the flow rate supplied to the line 19 could be made relatively small by changing the flow rate supplied to the line 17a (about ⁇ 1.5% with respect to the average flow rate).
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (or line 17b) in the upper low boiling point component (3A) is 27% by volume of the entire low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 (the entire upper layer)
- the ratio of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 (or line 18b) of the low boiling point component (3A) in the lower layer is the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4 ) 0% by volume of the total (corresponding to 0% by volume of the entire lower layer, ie, the lower boiling point component (3A) of the lower layer was all recycled without being supplied to the line 19 or 18b).
- the discharged low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the buffer tank 5 and retained in a residence time of 3 minutes, so that fluctuations in the flow rate in the buffer tank 5 are alleviated and the low boiling point component (3A) is kept constant.
- the distillation column 6 was supplied to the distillation column 6 as a flow rate of.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 is 3% by weight of methyl iodide, 4% by weight of methyl acetate, 19% by weight of acetic acid, 73% by weight of water, 0.5% by weight of acetaldehyde,
- the hydrogen fluoride content was 0.01% by weight.
- the high boiling point component (4B) separated in the distillation column 6 was recycled to the splitter column 3 through the buffer tank 7. Although the flow rate of the high boiling point component (4B) separated from the distillation column 6 fluctuated by about ⁇ 4%, the flow rate of the high boiling point component (4B) recycled through the line 23 is substantially reduced by passing through the buffer tank 7. It was possible to keep it constant.
- Example 4 The acetic acid production process was performed continuously as in the apparatus (or process) of FIG. The charging and other conditions were the same as in Example 2 except that the buffer tank 5 was used.
- the liquid level and interface level of the low boiling point component (3A) held in the decanter 4 are almost constant (the fluctuation of the liquid level is about ⁇ 1% of the average liquid level, the interface
- the low boiling point component (3A) is passed through the line 18 below the decanter 4 (on the lower layer) so that the fluctuation of the height (or the liquid level of the lower layer) is maintained at about ⁇ 1% of the average interface height. It was discharged from the corresponding site. That is, by changing the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) discharged to the line 18 in the same manner as the flow rate variation of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the decanter 4, the liquid level and interface in the decanter 4 are changed. The level was kept almost constant.
- the discharged low boiling point component (3A) is supplied to the buffer tank 5 and retained in a residence time of 3 minutes, so that fluctuations in the flow rate in the buffer tank 5 are alleviated and the low boiling point component (3A) is kept constant.
- the distillation column 6 was supplied to the distillation column 6 as a flow rate of.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the distillation column 6 is 91% by weight methyl iodide, 7% by weight methyl acetate, 1% by weight acetic acid, 0.3% by weight water, and 0.1% by weight acetaldehyde.
- the hydrogen iodide content was 0.001% by weight.
- Example 2 In Example 2, all of the lower boiling component (3A) in the lower layer was supplied to the distillation column 6 via lines 18b to 19, and the entire amount of the high boiling component (4B) was supplied to the reactor 1 without passing through the buffer tank 7.
- the flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the lower liquid surface of the decanter 4 and the distillation tower 6 fluctuated greatly, and the splitter column 3 and distillation column Since it was difficult to continue stable operation in Tower 6, the operation was unavoidably stopped.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2) In Example 3, all the low-boiling components (3A) in the upper layer were supplied to the distillation column 6 via the lines 17b to 19 without going through the buffer tank 5, and the high-boiling components (4B) were passed through the buffer tank 7 without going through the buffer tank 7. ) was recycled (about 10% by volume to the reactor 1, about 20% by volume to the distillation column 6 and the rest to the splitter column 3). Since the flow of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the upper liquid level of 4 and the distillation column 6 fluctuated greatly, it was difficult to continue stable operation in the splitter column 3 and the distillation column 6, so the operation was unavoidably stopped. .
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) In Example 2, 57% by volume of the lower-boiling component (3A) in the lower layer was changed to 19 The acetic acid production process was performed in the same manner as in Example 2 except that (or supplied to the line 18b). The flow rate of the low boiling point component (3A) supplied to the line 19 varied in the range of 57 ⁇ 5% by volume.
- distillation tower 6 80-stage distillation tower, reflux ratio 170, preparation stage: 70th stage from the top, tower top temperature 53 to 55 ° C., tower bottom temperature 82 ° C.
- the low boiling point component (3A) 0 .3% by volume was extracted as a low-boiling component (4A), and the remainder was recycled as a high-boiling component (4B) from the bottom of the column to the reactor 1 without passing through the buffer tank 7.
- the composition of the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the column was 37 to 49% by weight of methyl iodide, about 1% by weight of water, and 50 to 62% by weight of acetaldehyde.
- the low boiling point component (4A) extracted from the top of the column was separated as a residual solution containing methyl iodide after the acetaldehyde was removed by water extraction in the extractor 8.
- the extracted residue was recycled to the bottom of the distillation column 6 (10th stage) and the reactor 1 as it was.
- the amount recycled to the distillation column 6 was constant.
- the acetaldehyde extraction rate of the low boiling point component (4A) was 98%.
- the production method of the present invention is extremely useful as a process for stably producing acetic acid while efficiently separating and removing acetaldehyde.
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Abstract
Description
反応工程(カルボニル化反応工程)では、触媒系の存在下、メタノールを一酸化炭素でカルボニル化する。なお、メタノールは、新鮮なメタノールを直接又は間接的に反応系へ供給してもよく、また、各種蒸留工程から留出するメタノール又はその誘導体を、リサイクルすることにより、反応系に供給してもよい。
フラッシュ蒸発工程(蒸発槽)では、前記反応工程又は前記反応器からフラッシャー(蒸発槽、フラッシュ蒸留塔)に供給された反応混合物から、少なくとも高沸点触媒成分(金属触媒成分、例えば、ロジウム触媒及びハロゲン化物塩)を含む高沸点成分(2B)を液体として分離するとともに、酢酸およびヨウ化メチルを含む低沸点成分(2A)を蒸気として分離する。
酢酸回収工程では、低沸点成分(2A)を蒸留塔(スプリッターカラム)に供給し、ヨウ化メチルおよび副生したアセトアルデヒドを含む低沸点成分(3A)と、酢酸を含む流分(3B)とに分離して、酢酸を回収する。詳細には、蒸留塔では、フラッシャーから供給された低沸点成分(2A)(酢酸流)から、ヨウ化メチル、酢酸メチル、アセトアルデヒド、水などを含む低沸点成分(3A)(オーバーヘッド)を蒸気として分離し、酢酸を含む液状流分(3B)(サイドカット流分、側流)をサイドカットにより留出させる。なお、蒸留塔では、酢酸、水、プロピオン酸、飛沫同伴により混入した金属触媒成分、ハロゲン化物塩などを含む高沸点成分(3C)を分離してもよい。このような高沸点成分(3C)は、蒸留塔の塔底から除去(缶出)してもよく、金属触媒成分、蒸発せずに残存した酢酸などの有用成分を含んでいるため、前記図の例のように、反応器(又は反応工程)やフラッシュ蒸発工程(又は蒸留塔)などにリサイクルしてもよい。なお、リサイクルに先立って、製品酢酸の品質を低下させるプロピオン酸などを除去してもよい。なお、酢酸流(粗酢酸液)は、通常、次の蒸留塔で脱水され、さらに高沸分と低沸分を分離蒸留するための酢酸製品塔に導入され、製品酢酸となる。
凝縮・排出工程(単に、凝縮工程などということがある)では、分離された低沸点成分(又は凝縮液)(3A)を、凝縮させつつデカンター(又は貯蔵器)に一時的にホールド(又は貯蔵)し、その後、少なくともアセトアルデヒド分離工程に供するために排出する。そして、本発明では、この凝縮・排出工程において、ホールドする低沸点成分(3A)の量(又は排出する低沸点成分(3A)の量)を、プロセス全体を通じて、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の流量の変動に基づいて調整(又は制御)する。
分離・リサイクル工程では、凝縮工程により、凝縮した状態(液体状態)で排出又は供給された低沸点成分(3A)からアセトアルデヒドを分離するとともに、このアセトアルデヒドが分離された分離液を反応系からアセトアルデヒドの分離に至るまでの工程にリサイクルする。
図1の装置(又はプロセス)において、バッファータンク5を介することなく、低沸点成分(3A)をアセトアルデヒド分離塔6に供給したこと以外は、図1の通りに、連続的に酢酸製造プロセスを行った。以下にプロセスの詳細を示す。
実施例1において、デカンター4から排出した低沸点成分(3A)をリサイクルすると共に蒸留塔6に供給するまでの工程を以下のようにしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
実施例1において、デカンター4から排出した低沸点成分(3A)をリサイクルすると共に蒸留塔6に供給するまでの工程を以下のようにしたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にした。
図1の装置(又はプロセス)の通りに、連続的に酢酸製造プロセスを行った。なお、バッファータンク5を経由すること以外、仕込みなどは実施例2と同じ条件とした。
実施例2において、下層の低沸点成分(3A)を全て、ライン18bから19を介して蒸留塔6に供給し、バッファータンク7を介することなく高沸点成分(4B)の全量を反応器1にリサイクルしたこと以外は実施例2と同様にしてプロセスを行ったところ、デカンター4の下層液面や蒸留塔6に供給される低沸点成分(3A)の流量が大きく変動し、スプリッターカラム3および蒸留塔6での安定運転の継続が困難となったため、やむなく運転を中止した。
実施例3において、バッファータンク5を介することなく、上層の低沸点成分(3A)を全て、ライン17bから19を介して蒸留塔6に供給し、バッファータンク7を介することなく高沸点成分(4B)をリサイクル(約10体積%を反応器1に、約20体積%を蒸留塔6に、残りをスプリッターカラム3にリサイクル)したこと以外は実施例3と同様にしてプロセスを行ったところ、デカンター4の上層液面や蒸留塔6に供給される低沸点成分(3A)の流量が大きく変動し、スプリッターカラム3および蒸留塔6での安定運転の継続が困難となったため、やむなく運転を中止した。
実施例2において、ライン18aの流量をデカンター4から排出される低沸点成分(3A)の流量変動に対応させて変動させることなく、下層の低沸点成分(3A)のうち57体積%をライン19(又はライン18b)に供給したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして酢酸製造プロセスを行った。なお、ライン19に供給した低沸点成分(3A)の流量は、57±5体積%の範囲で変動した。
2…フラッシャー(蒸発槽)
3…スプリッターカラム
4…デカンター
4A…バッファー機能を備えたデカンター
5,7…バッファータンク
6…アセトアルデヒド分離塔
8…抽出装置
9…ホールドタンク
Claims (14)
- 金属触媒、ハロゲン化物塩及びヨウ化メチルで構成された触媒系の存在下、メタノールと一酸化炭素とをカルボニル化反応器で連続的に反応させる反応工程と、前記反応器からの反応混合物をフラッシャーに連続的に供給し、生成した酢酸およびヨウ化メチルを含む低沸点成分(2A)と、金属触媒およびハロゲン化物塩を含む高沸点成分(2B)とに分離するフラッシュ蒸発工程と、前記低沸点成分(2A)を連続的に蒸留塔に供給し、ヨウ化メチルおよび副生したアセトアルデヒドを含む低沸点成分(3A)と、酢酸を含む流分(3B)とに分離して、酢酸を回収する酢酸回収工程と、前記低沸点成分(3A)を凝縮させつつデカンターに一時的にホールドしてデカンターから排出する凝縮工程と、前記デカンターから排出した低沸点成分(3A)からアセトアルデヒドを分離するとともに、アセトアルデヒドが分離された分離液を反応系からアセトアルデヒドの分離に至るまでの工程にリサイクルする分離・リサイクル工程とを含む酢酸の製造方法であって、前記凝縮工程において、ホールドする低沸点成分(3A)の量を、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の流量の変動に基づいて調整又は制御するとともに、前記分離・リサイクル工程に供給される低沸点成分(3A)の量を調整又は制御する酢酸の製造方法。
- デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の平均流量を液体の体積換算で100とするとき、プロセス全体を通して、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の流量が80~120である請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 凝縮工程において、以下の方法(1)及び/又は方法(2)により、ホールドする低沸点成分(3A)の量を調整する請求項1又は2記載の製造方法。
(1)デカンターにホールドされる低沸点成分(3A)の平均液面高さ及び平均界面高さを、それぞれ100とするとき、デカンターにホールドされる低沸点成分(3A)の液面高さ及び/又は界面高さを、プロセス全体を通して90~110に調整するように低沸点成分(3A)をデカンターから排出する方法
(2)凝縮工程において、デカンターとしてバッファー機能を備えたデカンターを用い、デカンターにおける低沸点成分(3A)の滞留時間を1分以上とする方法 - 凝縮工程において、以下の方法(a)、(b)および(c)から選択された少なくとも1種の方法により、分離・リサイクル工程に供給される低沸点成分(3A)の量を調整又は制御する請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
(a)デカンターから排出した低沸点成分(3A)の一部を、分離・リサイクル工程とは異なる工程に循環させる方法
(b)デカンターから排出した低沸点成分(3A)をバッファー機能を備えた貯蔵器を介して、分離・リサイクル工程に供給する方法
(c)デカンターから排出する低沸点成分(3A)の平均流量を100とするとき、プロセス全体を通してデカンターから排出する低沸点成分(3A)の量を95~105に調整する方法 - 方法(a)において、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の平均流量の10%以上を循環させる請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 方法(a)において、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の平均流量の20%以上を循環させる請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 方法(a)において、デカンターに供給される低沸点成分(3A)の平均流量の40~90%を循環させる請求項4記載の製造方法。
- 方法(a)において、低沸点成分(3A)を、デカンター内で上層と下層とに分離し、上層及び/又は下層を循環させる請求項4~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 方法(b)において、貯蔵器における低沸点成分(3A)の滞留時間を0.5分以上とする請求項4~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 方法(b)において、デカンターにおける低沸点成分(3A)の滞留時間と貯蔵器における低沸点成分(3A)の滞留時間の総時間を1.5分以上とする請求項4~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 方法(c)において、デカンターとしてバッファー機能を備えたデカンターを用い、デカンターにおける低沸点成分(3A)の滞留時間を1分以上とする請求項4~10のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 分離・リサイクル工程において、低沸点成分(3A)をアセトアルデヒド分離塔に供給し、蒸留により、アセトアルデヒドを含む低沸点成分(4A)と、ヨウ化メチルを含む高沸点成分(4B)とに分離し、分離液としての高沸点成分(4B)をリサイクルする請求項1~11のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 分離・リサイクル工程において、バッファー機能を備えた貯蔵器を介して分離液をリサイクルする請求項1~12のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 低沸点成分(4A)がヨウ化メチルを含み、分離・リサイクル工程において、さらに、低沸点成分(4A)から回収したヨウ化メチルをリサイクルする請求項12又は13に記載の製造方法。
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| US20130303800A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
| US8940932B2 (en) | 2015-01-27 |
| JPWO2012046593A1 (ja) | 2014-02-24 |
| TW201223937A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| TWI492925B (zh) | 2015-07-21 |
| CN103249705B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| SG189063A1 (en) | 2013-05-31 |
| KR101805240B1 (ko) | 2017-12-06 |
| EP2628720A1 (en) | 2013-08-21 |
| MY160523A (en) | 2017-03-15 |
| JP5872477B2 (ja) | 2016-03-01 |
| EP2628720A4 (en) | 2014-10-15 |
| KR20130115274A (ko) | 2013-10-21 |
| ES2702766T3 (es) | 2019-03-05 |
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