WO2011024798A1 - 水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液、導電性付与材料、蓄電装置用電極板、蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法及び蓄電装置 - Google Patents
水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液、導電性付与材料、蓄電装置用電極板、蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法及び蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011024798A1 WO2011024798A1 PCT/JP2010/064263 JP2010064263W WO2011024798A1 WO 2011024798 A1 WO2011024798 A1 WO 2011024798A1 JP 2010064263 W JP2010064263 W JP 2010064263W WO 2011024798 A1 WO2011024798 A1 WO 2011024798A1
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- acid
- carbon filler
- coating liquid
- electrode plate
- storage device
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
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- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water-based carbon filler dispersion coating solution that enables formation of a conductive coating film with a low environmental load, in which conductive carbon filler is uniformly dispersed, and a technique for using the same. More specifically, particularly in a power storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor, a coating film having excellent solvent resistance is disposed between the current collector and the electrode active material layer (hereinafter referred to as an electrode layer). This makes it possible to provide an electrode plate for a power storage device and a power storage device including the electrode plate that are effective for improving the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer, reducing internal resistance, and improving cycle characteristics. Related to technology.
- a paste-like conductive coating liquid composed of a conductive filler, a binder resin, a curing agent, a solvent, and the like is used as a conductive adhesive, a conductive paint, a conductive ink, and the like depending on applications (Non-patent Documents). 1).
- a magnetic paint in which submicron-sized magnetic particles are uniformly dispersed in a polymer solution is applied to a base film such as polyester. It is made by.
- the electrode structure of the lithium ion secondary battery is realized by mixing an active material and a conductive additive with a binder (binder) to prepare a slurry, applying the slurry to a current collector foil, and drying it ( Non-patent document 2).
- the common attribute that the above-mentioned various coating liquids can sufficiently exhibit their functionality is that the dispersoid is uniformly dispersed in the dispersion medium and that the formed coating film achieves high adhesion.
- the state of the slurry is appropriate for the expression of the functionality, that is, the filler is uniform and stable.
- the slurry solvent (dispersion medium) is excellent in uniform dispersibility of the filler, exhibits high adhesion, and is easy to dry.
- a non-aqueous (organic solvent) solvent (dispersion medium) is overwhelmingly advantageous and has been widely used in practice.
- organic solvents are not only volatile and have a large impact on the environment, but also have to consider genotoxicity, leaving problems in safety and workability.
- awareness of environmental protection and health damage prevention has been increasing in many industrial fields, and there is an increasing demand for VOC reduction and solvent-free use of organic solvents with the above-mentioned problems.
- VOC reduction and solvent-free use of organic solvents with the above-mentioned problems.
- the most noticeable products that are friendly to the environment and people are products made of water-based products or biological materials, and are expected to play a role in solvent-free or oil-free products.
- various problems arise when water is used as a solvent instead of an organic solvent.
- the particles are likely to aggregate in the slurry, and further, because the specific gravity difference between the solvent and the solute is large, the particles are likely to settle, and uniform dispersion is very difficult. is there.
- Patent Document 3 In the filler surface treatment, various proposals have been made such as an attempt to form a surface treatment layer by reacting the metal oxide on the surface of the metal oxide fine particle filler with a hydrophilic silane coupling agent (Patent Document 3). Other proposals such as applying ultrasonic vibration to paste containing inorganic oxide filler to disperse the filler, or forming insulating resin on the surface of conductive filler to make microcapsule type conductive filler There is also.
- the dispersion medium used in these proposals is mainly used for organic solvents, and there are very few examples using an aqueous system.
- the emergence of a method that uses environmentally friendly, inexpensive, highly safe water-based slurry and that uniformly disperses fillers is strongly desired. Yes.
- Dispersants used in water-based slurries include polycarboxylates and phosphate amine salts (Non-Patent Document 3) used in the paint field, polyacrylamides (Non-Patent Document 4) as polymer dispersants, etc.
- Non-Patent Document 3 polycarboxylates and phosphate amine salts
- Non-Patent Document 4 polyacrylamides
- a coating solution for an electrode plate of a power storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor, which has been growing remarkably in recent years, can be considered.
- the electrode plate has a great influence on the performance of the power storage device, and is an electrode member in which unit members such as an electrode layer and a current collector are integrated.
- the charge / discharge cycle life is extended and high performance is achieved. It has been proposed to increase the area of the thin film in order to increase the energy density.
- a positive electrode active material powder such as a metal oxide, sulfide, halide, etc., a conductive material and a binder in an appropriate solvent. Disperse and dissolve to prepare a paste-like coating liquid, and use a current collector made of a metal foil such as aluminum as a base, and apply the coating liquid on the surface of the base to form a coating film layer.
- a positive electrode plate is disclosed.
- a capacitor using an electric double layer formed at the interface between a polarizable electrode plate and an electrolyte is used as a memory backup power source, and can also be applied to applications requiring a large output such as a power source for an electric vehicle. Attention has been focused on achieving both high capacitance and low internal resistance for high output.
- the electrode plate for a capacitor is generally manufactured by applying and drying a coating solution, which is a mixture of a binder and a conductive material, on a current collector, like the negative electrode plate of the battery.
- the binder used in the electrode plate coating liquid for power storage devices such as lithium ion batteries and capacitors
- a fluorine resin such as polyvinylidene fluoride or a silicone / acrylic copolymer is used.
- the negative electrode plate (battery) and the polarizable electrode plate (capacitor) are prepared by adding a binder dissolved in an appropriate solvent to an active material such as a carbonaceous material to prepare a paste-like coating solution. This is obtained by applying it to a current collector.
- the binder used for the preparation of the coating solution is electrochemically stable with respect to the non-aqueous electrolyte solution and does not elute into the battery or capacitor electrolyte solution. Since it does not swell and is applied, it must be soluble in some solvent.
- a protective film on the surface of a metal material such as aluminum which is a material metal of the current collector is formed by applying various resin solutions, but the adhesion of the formed film to the metal surface is Although excellent, the film has a problem that the durability against organic solvents is insufficient.
- the battery and capacitor electrode plates obtained by applying the coating liquid applied to the surface of an aluminum foil or copper foil as a current collector to the current collector a coating formed by being applied and dried.
- the film layer has insufficient adhesion and flexibility to the current collector, and has a large contact resistance to the current collector. Also, during the assembly process and charge / discharge of the battery or capacitor, There was a problem that peeling, dropping, cracking, etc. occurred.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems and to have an excellent dispersing function for carbon fillers while exhibiting an excellent function as a binder while being a biologically-derived substance with a low environmental load. It is an object of the present invention to provide a useful aqueous carbon filler dispersion coating liquid by finding a natural polymer capable of forming a conductive coating film having excellent properties. More specifically, an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive water-based carbon filler dispersion coating liquid that maintains viscosity even when stored for a long period of time, is less likely to cause sedimentation and separation of carbon filler, and has high dispersibility.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technology that can be used in many industrial fields that can contribute to environmental protection and health damage prevention, which are social problems.
- an object of the present invention is to use a carbon filler-dispersed coating solution for an electrode plate of a power storage device, and dispose a coating film formed from the coating solution between a current collector and an electrode layer.
- An electrode plate for a power storage device having excellent adhesion and electrolytic solution resistance to an interface between a layer and a current collector made of aluminum foil or copper foil, and improved contact resistance with the current collector, and
- An object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device including an electrode plate.
- the present invention is an aqueous carbon filler dispersion coating solution for forming a conductive coating film, and an aqueous medium containing at least water as a polar solvent, (1) a hydroxyalkyl chitosan that is a resin binder; (2) a conductive carbon filler; (3) a polybasic acid or a derivative thereof,
- the coating liquid contains 100 parts by mass of the hydroxyalkyl chitosan (1) in the range of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass and the conductive carbon filler (2) in the range of 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- a water-based carbon filler dispersion coating liquid is provided.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan is at least one selected from the group consisting of glycerylated chitosan, hydroxyethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxybutyl chitosan and hydroxybutylhydroxypropyl chitosan.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan has a weight average molecular weight of 2,000 to 350,000.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan has a hydroxyalkylation degree of 0.5 or more and 4 or less.
- the polybasic acid and / or acid anhydride thereof is contained in the range of 20 to 300 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the hydroxyalkyl chitosan.
- the conductive carbon filler is at least one selected from the group consisting of carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace black, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube.
- the above polybasic acid or derivative thereof is 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, citric acid, 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 1 , 2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid Be at least one kind.
- hydroxyalkyl chitosan polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyacrylic acid, fluorine-containing polymer, cellulose polymer, starch polymer, styrene polymer, It contains at least one resin component selected from an acrylic polymer, a styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, polyamide, polyimide and polyamideimide as a binder.
- any one of the above water-based carbon filler dispersion coating solutions is made of aluminum, copper, glass, natural resin, synthetic resin, ceramics, paper, fiber, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, and leather.
- An electroconductivity-imparting material comprising a coating film formed by applying and drying on the surface of an object to be coated, which is at least one selected from the above.
- Another embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that a coating film formed of any one of the above water-based carbon filler dispersion coating solutions is disposed between a current collector and an electrode active material layer.
- An electrode plate for a power storage device is provided.
- the film thickness of the coating film is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m in terms of solid content, and the surface resistivity is 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the current collector is an aluminum foil, and the electrode active material layer includes a positive electrode active material.
- the current collector is a copper foil, and the electrode active material layer contains a negative electrode active material.
- the current collector is an aluminum foil, and the electrode active material layer includes a polarizable electrode.
- an electrode active material layer is formed on the coating film after coating the surface of the current collector with any of the above aqueous carbon filler dispersion coating solutions to form a coating film.
- a method for manufacturing an electrode plate for a power storage device is provided. As a preferred embodiment of the method for producing the electrode plate for a power storage device, at the time of forming the coating film, the coating liquid is applied, and then the aqueous medium is removed by heating or removing at 100 ° C. or more and 250 Heat treatment may be mentioned at 1 ° C. or less for 1 second or more and 60 minutes or less.
- a power storage device comprising any one of the above electrode plates.
- the power storage device include a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery, and a capacitor such as an electric double layer capacitor and a lithium ion capacitor.
- hydroxyalkyl chitosan such as glycerylated chitosan is a biologically derived natural polymer with a low environmental burden, but has both an excellent dispersing function for carbon filler and a function as a resin binder.
- a coating liquid containing hydroxyalkyl chitosan which has suppressed sedimentation of filler and has high dispersibility and dispersion stability. According to the present invention, by using the coating liquid, it is possible to provide a conductive coating film in which the carbon filler is uniformly dispersed and which has excellent adhesion and solvent resistance.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid is used for an electrode plate of a power storage device, and a coating film formed by the coating liquid is disposed between the current collector and the electrode layer.
- An electrode plate for a power storage device that has excellent adhesion and electrolyte resistance to the interface between the electrode layer and a current collector made of aluminum foil, copper foil, etc., and has improved contact resistance with the current collector And a power storage device including the electrode plate. Since the above-mentioned carbon filler dispersion coating liquid can be expected to be used in various fields, the present invention contributes to environmental protection and health damage prevention which are international social problems in recent years.
- an aqueous coating solution containing a hydroxyalkyl chitosan which is a biological material, as a resin binder has improved adhesion and resistance to electrolytes. It has been found that an excellent aqueous coating film can be provided, and that the hydroxyalkylchitosan is a useful material that exhibits excellent dispersibility with respect to the carbon filler and can function well as a dispersant.
- a hydroxyalkyl chitosan which is a biological material
- the hydroxyalkylchitosan is a useful material that exhibits excellent dispersibility with respect to the carbon filler and can function well as a dispersant.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan used in the present invention is a natural polymer derived from living organisms and has a low environmental impact.
- those selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl chitosan, hydroxybutyl chitosan, hydroxybutylhydroxypropyl chitosan, and glycerylated chitosan are particularly suitable.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan that characterizes the present invention has a structure in which alkylene oxide or oxirane methanol is added to the amino group of chitosan, and is preferably produced by reacting chitosan with alkylene oxide or oxirane methanol.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan used by this invention is not limited to this, The hydroxyalkyl chitosan manufactured by the other method can be used similarly.
- said alkylene oxide and oxirane methanol may be used independently, and may be used in mixture of multiple types.
- hydroxyalkylchitosan used in the present invention When producing hydroxyalkylchitosan used in the present invention by reacting chitosan and alkylene oxide, chitosan is stirred and dispersed in, for example, hydrous isopropyl alcohol, and sodium hydroxide and butylene oxide are added thereto. Then, hydroxybutylchitosan can be obtained by heating and stirring.
- glycerylated chitosan used in the present invention When producing glycerylated chitosan used in the present invention by reacting chitosan and oxirane methanol, chitosan is stirred and dispersed in, for example, hydrous isopropyl alcohol, and oxirane methanol is added thereto. Then, glycerylated chitosan can be obtained by heating and stirring.
- hydroxyalkyl chitosan As the hydroxyalkyl chitosan used in the present invention, hydroxyalkyl chitosan having a hydroxyalkylation degree in the range of 0.5 or more and 4 or less is preferably used from the viewpoint of dispersibility of the carbon filler.
- degree of hydroxyalkylation (no unit) refers to the rate of addition of alkylene oxide or oxirane methanol to chitosan. That is, in this invention, it is preferable that it is 0.5 mol or more and 4 mol or less per one pyranose ring (1 mol) which comprises chitosan.
- hydroxyalkylation degree of the hydroxyalkylchitosan used is less than 0.5, it is insufficient in terms of carbon filler dispersibility and slurry stability after dispersion, while the hydroxyalkylation degree exceeds 4 However, since the carbon filler dispersibility does not change, it is uneconomical to increase the hydroxyalkylation degree.
- a weight average molecular weight of less than 2,000 is not preferable because it is insufficient in terms of dispersibility of the carbon filler.
- the weight average molecular weight exceeds 350,000 the viscosity of the dispersant increases, and when a dispersion such as a slurry is prepared using this, it is difficult to increase the solid content concentration of the carbon filler in the dispersion. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- the water-based carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention contains the hydroxyalkyl chitosan as a resin binder, and at least a conductive carbon filler, and the carbon filler is at least a polar solvent. It is dispersed in an aqueous medium containing some water.
- the conductive carbon filler used in this case any of granular, flaky, and short fiber can be used. Examples of granular materials include carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, and furnace black. Examples of flakes include natural graphite, quiche graphite, and artificial (artificial) graphite.
- Examples of short fibers include PAN-based carbon fibers, pitch-based carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes. More preferably used carbon fillers include carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, furnace black, natural graphite, artificial (artificial) graphite, quiche graphite, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube.
- the amount of the conductive carbon filler used in the aqueous carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention is 1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid.
- the amount is more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass, still more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- the usage-amount of a carbon filler is less than a lower limit, the electroconductivity of the coating film layer formed may be insufficient.
- the usage-amount of a carbon filler exceeds an upper limit, another component may run short and the performance of the coating film layer formed may fall.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention contains a polybasic acid or a derivative thereof (hereinafter referred to as polybasic acids) as an essential component.
- polybasic acids a polybasic acid or a derivative thereof
- the polybasic acid and / or derivative thereof is a hydroxyalkyl chitosan or a resin component crosslinking agent optionally added. Acts as As a result, the formed coating film has excellent adhesion and solvent resistance to the object to be coated, particularly the surface of the metal material and the current collector.
- polybasic acids used at this time conventionally known polybasic acids can be used. That is, polybasic acids themselves, their anhydrides, salts of some or all carboxyl groups of those polybasic acids, especially ammonium salts and amine salts, alkyl esters of some or all carboxyl groups of polybasic acids Amides, imides, amideimides, N-hydroxysuccinimides, N-hydroxysulfosuccinimides, or derivatives obtained by modifying one or more of these compounds with a derivative thereof. These polybasic acid derivatives are preferably compounds that regenerate the polybasic acid when the coating film layer to be formed later with a coating solution is heated.
- a polybasic acid having a valence of 2 or more, particularly a valence of 3 or more is used from the viewpoint of crosslinkability with respect to the above-described hydroxyalkyl chitosan used as the resin binder or an optional resin component. It is preferable. Specifically, it is preferable to use at least one polybasic acid selected from the group consisting of the following, or a derivative thereof, particularly an acid anhydride thereof.
- ⁇ Dibasic acid> Oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, methyl succinic acid, glutaric acid, methyl glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, maleic acid, methyl maleic acid, fumaric acid, methyl fumaric acid Acid, itaconic acid, muconic acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, spicrispolic acid, glutamic acid, glutathione, aspartic acid, cystine, acetylcystine, diglycolic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydroxyethyliminodi Acetic acid, thiodiglycolic acid, thionyl diglycolic acid, sulfonyldiglycolic acid, polyethylene oxide diglycolic acid (PEG acid), pyridinedicarboxylic acid,
- polybasic acids as listed below may be used in combination.
- tribasic acids such as isocitric acid, aconitic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, carboxyethylthiosuccinic acid, trimesic acid, ethylenediamine N, N′-succinic acid, pentenetetracarboxylic acid, hexenetetracarboxylic acid
- Monocyclic such as glutamic acid diacetic acid, maleated methylcyclohexene tetracarboxylic acid, furan tetracarboxylic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid, phthalocyanine tetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid, cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid
- bicyclo ring or no 4-basic acids such as bornane ring and polycyclic tetracarboxylic acids having a tetracyclo ring structure, 5-basic acids such as diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, phthalocyanine polycarboxylic acid, phytic acid, hexametaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid , Polyitaconic acid, polymaleic acid and copolymers thereof, styrene / maleic acid copolymer, isobutylene / maleic acid copolymer, vinyl ether / maleic acid copolymer, pectinic acid, polyglutamic acid, polymalic acid, polyaspartic acid, Examples include acrylic acid / maleic acid / vinyl alcohol copolymer.
- the amount of polybasic acids used in the coating solution is preferably 20 to 300 parts by mass, more preferably 50 to 200 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of hydroxyalkyl chitosan.
- the amount of the polybasic acid derivative used per 100 parts by mass of the coating solution is 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, preferably 0.02 to 10 parts by mass.
- the carbon filler-containing composite material to be formed is adhesive to the object to be coated, insoluble in organic solvents, and non-swellable. Since it becomes insufficient, it is not preferable.
- the amount used exceeds 20 parts by mass, the flexibility of the formed film or the carbon filler-containing composite material is lowered, and this is not preferable.
- the carbon filler-dispersed coating liquid of the present invention is obtained by dissolving or dispersing the hydroxyalkyl chitosan, the conductive carbon filler, and the polybasic acids in an aqueous medium containing at least water which is a polar solvent.
- aqueous dispersion medium constituting the present invention a mixed dispersion medium obtained by mixing an organic solvent miscible with water together with water is also preferably used.
- the organic solvent miscible with water conventionally known ones as listed below can be used.
- alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), n-butyl alcohol, s-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-acetate Propyl, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, methoxybutyl acetate, cellosolve acetate, amyl acetate, methyl lactate, ethyl lactate, butyl lactate ester, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- IPA isopropyl alcohol
- IPA isoprop
- Examples include ketones, amides such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and N, N-dimethylformamide, and sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- ketones amides such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, and N, N-dimethylformamide
- sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide.
- alcohols are preferably used, and IPA is particularly preferably used.
- These water-miscible organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the amount used is not particularly limited.
- the amount of organic solvent / water is 1 to 70 mass. It can be added arbitrarily between the parts.
- a mixed dispersion medium containing an organic solvent in a range of 5 to 60 parts by mass is more preferably used.
- the IPA content is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 5 to 40 parts by mass.
- the aqueous carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention has an addition amount of hydroxyalkyl chitosan of 0.1 to 20 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid, and an addition amount of conductive carbon filler. Is a blend of 1 to 30 parts by mass.
- the carbon filler-dispersed coating liquid of the present invention is intended to impart physical strength, durability, wear resistance, adhesion to an object to be coated, etc. to the coating film formed thereby.
- other resin components can be added as a binder for the coating film.
- Other resin components used in the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention include polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetal, polyacrylic acid, fluorine-containing polymer, cellulose polymer, starch polymer, styrene polymer, acrylic Conventionally known resins such as a polymer, a styrene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, a polyamide, a polyimide, and a polyamideimide may be mentioned. These resin components can be obtained from the market and used as they are, but derivatives thereof prepared in consideration of solubility in the dispersion medium are more preferable.
- the amount of the resin component used is 10 to 2,000 parts by mass, preferably 100 to 1,000 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of hydroxyalkyl chitosan.
- the amount of the resin component used per 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid is 1 to 40 parts by mass in solid content, preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass. In this case, if the amount of the resin component used is less than 1 part by mass, the strength of the coating film layer to be formed and the adhesion to the object to be coated are insufficient, and the coating film component falls off from the coating film layer. On the other hand, when the amount used exceeds 40 parts by mass, it becomes difficult to obtain a uniform solution, and the carbon filler as a dispersoid is covered with the resin component and the functionality of the carbon filler is not sufficiently exhibited.
- polybasic acids are added to the hydroxyalkyl chitosan and appropriately at the time of heating and drying. It acts as a cross-linking agent for other resin components and forms a coating film layer having excellent adhesion and solvent resistance to the object to be coated, particularly the surface of the metal material and the current collector.
- the amount of polybasic acids used in the coating solution in the case of using other resin components as listed above is 1 to 150 parts by mass, preferably 2 to 100 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the resin component.
- the amount of the polybasic acid used is less than 1 part by mass, the crosslinking density of the crosslinked polymer is low, the adhesion of the formed coating film layer to the current collector and the insolubility of the crosslinked polymer in the electrolyte solution, non- It is insufficient in terms of swelling and electrochemical stability.
- the amount used exceeds 150 parts by mass, the flexibility of the formed film or coating film layer is lowered and it is uneconomical.
- the polybasic acids and organic solvents used in the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid in the present invention general commercial products can be used as they are, but they may be used after being purified as necessary.
- the order of addition to the aqueous dispersion medium is as follows: Any of the polymers or polybasic acids may be used first or simultaneously. As the dissolution method, stirring at room temperature is sufficient, but heating may be performed as necessary.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention is obtained by adding and kneading a hydroxyalkyl chitosan, a conductive filler, a polybasic acid, and, if necessary, a resin component as a coating film reinforcing component to a dispersion medium. It is done.
- the proportion of each component in the coating solution is as follows: when the coating solution is 100 parts by mass, the hydroxyalkyl chitosan is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, the carbon filler is 1 to 30 parts by mass, and the other resin components are 1 to It is particularly preferable that 20 parts by mass and 0.05 to 20 parts by mass of the polybasic acid are used.
- the solid content of the coating liquid is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention may contain an optional component other than the above components, for example, other crosslinking agents.
- crosslinking agents include, for example, epoxy compounds such as ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether; toluylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenyl diisocyanate.
- Isocyanate compounds such as phenols, alcohols, active methylenes, mercaptans, acid amides, imides, amines, imidazoles, ureas, carbamic acids, imines, oximes, sulfites, etc.
- blocked isocyanate compounds blocked with a blocking agent aldehyde compounds such as glyoxal, glutaraldehyde, and dialdehyde starch.
- (meth) acrylate compounds such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and hexanediol diacrylate; methylol compounds such as methylol melamine and dimethylol urea; organic acid metal salts such as zirconyl acetate, zirconyl carbonate, and titanium lactate; aluminum Such as trimethoxide, aluminum tributoxide, titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetrabutoxide, zirconium tetrabutoxide, aluminum dipropoxide acetylacetonate, titanium dimethoxide bis (acetylacetonate), titanium dibutoxide bis (ethylacetoacetate) A metal alkoxide compound is mentioned.
- vinyl methoxy silane, vinyl ethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxy propyl trimethoxy silane, 3-glycidoxy propyl triethoxy silane, 3-methacryloxy propyl trimethoxy silane, 3-aminopropyl trimethoxy silane, 3-amino Examples include silane coupling agents such as propyltriethoxysilane, 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane, and imidazolesilane; silane compounds such as methyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and methyltriethoxysilane; carbodiimide compounds.
- the amount of the crosslinking agent is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass of the amount of the hydroxyalkylchitosan plus the amount of the resin component.
- a coating solution is prepared by adding a hydroxyalkyl chitosan, carbon filler, polybasic acids, and if necessary, a resin component to an aqueous dispersion medium so as to have the above ratio, and mixing and dispersing using a conventionally known mixer.
- a ball mill, sand mill, pigment disperser, crusher, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, planetary mixer, Hobart mixer, or the like can be used.
- Carbon filler is first mixed using a mixer such as a pulverizer, planetary mixer, Henschel mixer, omni mixer, etc., and then hydroxyalkyl chitosan, resin components and polybasic acids are added as required to make uniform. It is also preferable to mix them. By adopting these methods, a uniform coating solution can be easily obtained.
- a mixer such as a pulverizer, planetary mixer, Henschel mixer, omni mixer, etc.
- the coating amount when applying the above coating liquid to various coated materials is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the coating film layer formed after drying is usually 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably An amount of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m is common.
- This invention provides the electroconductivity provision material obtained by apply
- the article to be coated include metals such as aluminum and copper, glass, natural resin, synthetic resin, ceramics, paper, fiber, woven fabric, nonwoven fabric, leather, and the like. And current collectors for power storage devices such as copper foil.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention can be used for power storage device electrode plates such as secondary batteries and capacitors.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of the present invention is 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m, in terms of solid content, on the current collector surface of the power storage device. Is applied to form a coating film layer.
- a positive electrode layer for a battery, a negative electrode layer for a battery, a positive electrode layer for a capacitor, a negative electrode layer for a capacitor, and a polarizable electrode layer thereon a gap between the electrode layer and the current collector is formed. Without increasing the resistance at all, the resistance can be lowered rather and the adhesion between the electrode layer and the current collector can be remarkably improved.
- the coating film layer formed from the coating solution is formed and arranged between the current collector and the electrode layer, and the battery electrode plate or the capacitor electrode plate, and Provided is a battery (secondary battery) or a capacitor having the electrode plate.
- the binder for forming the electrode layer in the electrode plate may be a resin component solution used in the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid in the present invention, and may be a conventionally known binder.
- binder examples thereof include polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, acrylic resin, polyimide resin, polyamideimide resin, silicone acrylic resin, and styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber.
- the binder as described above conventionally, in order to improve the adhesion between the electrode layer and the current collector, for example, it is essential to subject the surface of the aluminum foil to a chemical conversion treatment.
- the use of the coating liquid of the present invention eliminates the need for such a complicated and expensive chemical conversion treatment, and can realize further excellent adhesion and low resistance. Can be provided.
- the coating film formed by the carbon filler dispersion coating solution of the present invention has a surface resistivity of 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. That is, when a coating film having a surface resistivity exceeding 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ is applied to the electrode plate, the internal resistance increases, making it difficult to obtain a battery and a capacitor with high efficiency and long life. For this reason, in the present invention, it is preferable to form a coating film having a surface resistivity of 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, more preferably 1,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the surface resistivity specifying the coating film in the present invention is measured by the following method.
- a coating solution for forming a coating film in the present invention was applied on a glass plate and then dried at 200 ° C. for 1 minute to form a coating film (dry film thickness 4 ⁇ m).
- the surface resistivity of the coating film was determined by the four probe method according to JIS K 7194. In the present invention, the measurement was performed under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 60% relative humidity using Lorester GP, MCP-T610 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
- the carbon filler-dispersed coating solution of the present invention contains a hydroxyl group and / or amino group-containing resin or polybasic acid, such as hydroxyalkyl chitosan or polyvinyl alcohol added as necessary, in an aqueous medium.
- a polymer having a hydroxyl group or an amino group in the molecule gives a film having excellent adhesion to a metal material such as aluminum.
- a polar solvent such as water or N-methylpyrrolidone and easily peels from the surface of the metal material.
- the coating film layer to be formed has excellent adhesion to a current collector, such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
- a current collector such as ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate.
- the present inventors have added polymers containing hydroxyalkyl chitosan together with polybasic acids to a polar solvent as described above. It has been found that the coating liquid thus formed gives a highly durable film having excellent adhesion and solvent resistance on the surface of the metal material. Further, when the coating film layer is formed using the coating solution, the polybasic acids contained in the coating solution act as a crosslinking agent for polymers containing hydroxyalkyl chitosan during heating and drying, Films formed with polymers lose solubility and swelling in organic solvents and electrolytes, and become coating film layers with excellent adhesion and solvent resistance to metal material surfaces and current collectors. I found it.
- the electrode plate manufacturing method of the present invention uses the carbon filler-dispersed coating liquid of the present invention having the above-described configuration to form a coating film between a current collector of a power storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor and the electrode ⁇ It is arranged.
- the current collector used for manufacturing the electrode plate is made of an electrically conductive and electrochemically durable material.
- metal materials such as aluminum, tantalum, niobium, titanium, nickel, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth, antimony, stainless steel, copper, gold, and platinum are preferable, and they have excellent corrosion resistance to electrolytes and are lightweight. Particularly preferred are aluminum and copper which are easy to machine.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but usually a sheet (metal foil) having a thickness of about 5 to 30 ⁇ m is used.
- the surface of these current collectors can be treated in advance with a coupling agent such as silane, titanate or aluminum.
- the coating liquid of the present invention is applied to the surface of the current collector by gravure coating, gravure reverse coating, roll coating, Mayer bar coating, blade coating, knife coating, air knife coating, comma coating, slot die coating, slide die coating, dip coating. , 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m in terms of solid content (dry thickness) using various coating methods such as extrusion coating, spray coating, and brush coating.
- the coating film layer having the above-mentioned excellent characteristics is obtained by applying and drying in the above range and then drying by heating. If the coating film thickness is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it is difficult to apply uniformly, and if it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the flexibility of the coating film may be lowered.
- the heat drying it is preferable to heat at 100 ° C. or higher for 1 second or longer, more preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower for 1 second or longer and 60 minutes or shorter.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan in the coating solution and the polymers such as the resin component to be added as necessary are sufficiently cross-linked, and the adhesion of the formed coating film layer to the current collector and electrolysis
- the electrochemical stability of the polymers with respect to the liquid can be improved.
- the heat treatment condition is less than 100 ° C. or less than 1 second, the adhesion of the coating film layer to the current collector of the coating film layer and the electrochemical stability of the above polymers to the electrolytic solution may not be satisfied, which is preferable. Absent.
- an electrode layer is applied on the coating film layer formed by applying and drying the coating liquid as described above to form an electrode plate.
- the electrode layer is also preferable that the electrode layer is subjected to a press treatment using a metal roll, a heating roll, a sheet press machine or the like to form the electrode plate of the present invention.
- the pressing conditions at this time are preferably in the range of 500 to 7,500 kgf / cm 2 . This is because uniformity of the electrode layer is difficult to obtain if it is less than 500 kgf / cm 2 , and if it exceeds 7,500 kgf / cm 2 , the electrode plate itself including the current collector may be damaged. is there.
- the electrode plate obtained as described above includes a carbon filler moderately dispersed by hydroxyalkyl chitosan on a current collector to be coated, a hydroxyalkyl chitosan crosslinked with a polybasic acid, a resin component, etc.
- the coating film layer which consists of these polymers is formed and arrange
- ⁇ Power storage device> (Secondary battery)
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery for example, a lithium secondary battery, using the positive and negative electrode plates of the present invention produced as described above, a solute lithium salt is used as the electrolyte.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which is dissolved in an organic solvent or ionic liquid as described below is used.
- solute lithium salt forming the non-aqueous electrolyte examples include inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl, LiBr, and LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiC ( SO 2 CF 3) 3, LiOSO 2 CF 3, LiOSO 2 C 2 F 5, LiOSO 2 C 3 F 7, LiOSO 2 C 4 F 9, LiOSO 2 C 5 F 11, LiOSO 2 Organic lithium salts such as C 6 F 13 and LiOSO 2 C 7 F 15 are used.
- inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl, LiBr, and LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3) 2, LiC ( SO 2 CF 3) 3, LiOSO 2 CF 3, LiOSO 2 C 2 F 5, LiOSO 2 C 3 F 7,
- cyclic esters As the organic solvent, cyclic esters, chain esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers and the like are used.
- examples of cyclic esters include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, 2-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- chain esters examples include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl propyl carbonate, and propionic acid alkyl ester. , Malonic acid dialkyl ester, acetic acid alkyl ester and the like.
- cyclic ethers examples include tetrahydrofuran, alkyltetrahydrofuran, dialkylalkyltetrahydrofuran, alkoxytetrahydrofuran, dialkoxytetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, alkyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxolane and the like.
- chain ethers include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, triethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dialkyl ether.
- An ionic liquid that dissolves a lithium salt is a liquid consisting only of ions formed by a combination of an organic cation and an anion.
- organic cations include dialkylimidazolium cations such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion, trialkylimidazolium cations such as 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium ion, and dimethylethylmethoxyammonium ion.
- dialkylpiperidinium ion such as methylpropylpiperidinium ion, alkylpyridinium ion such as methylpropylpyrrolidinium ion, and dialkylpyrrolidinium ion such as methylpropylpyrrolidinium ion.
- Examples of the anion which is a pair of these organic cations include AlCl 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 ⁇ , PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ and BF 2 (CF 3 ).
- 2 ⁇ , BF 3 (CF 3 ) ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ (TfO; triflate anion), (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ (TFSI; trifluoromethanesulfonyl), (FSO 2 ) 2 N ⁇ (FSI) Fluorosulfonyl), (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C ⁇ (TFSM), and the like can be used.
- the other structure of a battery is the same as that of the case of a prior art.
- the coating liquid for capacitor electrode plates also contains an aqueous medium containing water, a hydroxyalkyl chitosan, a carbon filler, polybasic acids, and a resin component as required.
- the amount of hydroxyalkyl chitosan as a resin binder in the coating liquid used for forming the coating film is 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid. It is. If the amount of hydroxyalkyl chitosan is too small, the coating film component tends to fall off from the coating film layer. Conversely, if the amount is too large, the carbon filler may be covered with the resin component and the internal resistance of the electrode plate may increase. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- polybasic acids conventionally known free acids or derivatives thereof can be used. From the viewpoint of the crosslinkability of the polymer component containing hydroxyalkyl chitosan used as a resin binder, divalent or more, particularly trivalent. The above polybasic acids are preferred.
- Preferable ones that can be used in this case are 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4 -Butanetetracarboxylic acid, trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid and 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid and their acid anhydrides Can be mentioned. These polybasic acids are used by mixing with the coating solution.
- the amount of the polybasic acid used in the coating solution used for forming the coating film is 1 to 200 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the polymer component containing the hydroxyalkyl chitosan, and 2 to 100 parts by weight. Is preferred.
- the amount of the polybasic acid used is less than 1 part by mass, the crosslinking resin has a low crosslinking density, the adhesion of the formed coating film layer to the current collector and the insolubility of the crosslinking resin in the electrolyte solution, non- It may be insufficient in terms of swellability and electrochemical stability.
- the amount used exceeds 150 parts by mass, the flexibility of the formed film or coating film layer is lowered and it is uneconomical. Therefore, it is not preferable.
- the carbon filler conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black and carbon black can be used, and these are used by mixing with the above coating liquid.
- the carbon filler has a role of improving the electrical contact degree of the coating film, lowering the internal resistance of the capacitor, and increasing the capacity density.
- the amount of carbon filler used is usually 1 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 2 to 10 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of the coating solution.
- the coating solution can be produced by mixing a hydroxyalkyl chitosan, a carbon filler, a polybasic acid, and a solution containing a resin component as necessary using a mixer.
- a mixer a ball mill, sand mill, pigment disperser, crusher, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, planetary mixer, Hobart mixer, or the like can be used.
- the carbon filler is first mixed using a mixer such as a crusher, a planetary mixer, a Henschel mixer, an omni mixer, etc., and then a resin component solution that is a resin binder is added and mixed uniformly. By adopting this method, a uniform coating solution can be easily obtained.
- the electrode plate for a capacitor of the present invention is obtained by applying the coating liquid of the present invention containing a hydroxyalkyl chitosan, which is a resin binder, a carbon filler, polybasic acids, and other resin components as necessary, between a current collector and an electrode layer. And dried to form a coating film layer.
- a material having conductivity and electrochemical durability is used as the current collector. Among these, from the viewpoint of heat resistance, metal materials such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, stainless steel, gold, and platinum are preferable, and aluminum and platinum are particularly preferable.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but usually a sheet-like one having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.5 mm is used.
- the method for forming the coating film layer is not particularly limited, but preferably, the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid for the capacitor electrode is applied between the current collector and the electrode layer, dried and then applied between the current collector and the electrode layer.
- the method of forming a film layer is mentioned.
- Examples of the application method of the coating liquid include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a brush coating method, and a spray coating method.
- the viscosity of the coating liquid in the above case varies depending on the type of coating machine and the shape of the coating line, but is usually 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 50 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 100 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the amount of the coating liquid to be applied is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the coating film layer formed after drying and removing the solvent is usually 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. The amount is common.
- the drying method and drying conditions of the coating film layer are the same as those in the battery electrode plate.
- the capacitor of the present invention having the above electrode plate can be manufactured according to a conventional method using the above electrode plate, electrolytic solution, separator and other parts. Specifically, for example, it can be manufactured by stacking electrode plates through a separator, winding the plate according to the shape of the capacitor, folding the plate into a container, injecting the electrolyte into the container, and sealing.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, but a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent is preferable.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in an organic solvent is preferable.
- any conventionally known electrolyte can be used, and examples thereof include tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylmonomethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate.
- the electrolyte for the lithium ion capacitor include lithium salts such as LiI, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , and LiPF 6 .
- the solvent for dissolving these electrolytes is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as an electrolytic solution solvent.
- Specific examples include carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; sulfolanes; nitriles such as acetonitrile. These are used alone or as a mixed solvent of two or more. can do. Of these, carbonates are preferred because of their high withstand voltage.
- the concentration of the electrolytic solution is usually 0.5 mol / L or more, preferably 0.8 mol / L or more.
- separator a known material such as a microporous film or nonwoven fabric made of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene; a porous film generally made of pulp called electrolytic capacitor paper; Alternatively, an inorganic ceramic powder and a resin binder may be dispersed in a solvent, applied onto the electrode layer, and dried to form a separator. A solid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte may be used instead of the separator. Moreover, as for other materials such as a container, any of those used for ordinary capacitors can be used.
- Table 1 shows the compositions of polymer solutions for various coating solutions used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the hydroxyalkyl chitosan used for preparation of the polymer solution was abbreviated as hydroxyethyl chitosan as HEC, hydroxypropyl chitosan as HPC, hydroxybutyl chitosan as HBC, hydroxybutylhydroxypropyl chitosan as HBPC, and glycerylated chitosan as DHPC.
- the polybasic acids used for the preparation of the polymer solution were abbreviated as PTC for 1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid and BTC for 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid.
- the organic solvents used in the polymer solution were abbreviated as MeOH for methyl alcohol, EtOH for ethyl alcohol, IPA for isopropyl alcohol, and NMP for N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- Example 1-1 In 90 parts of ion exchange water, 5 parts of DHPC [hydroxyalkylation degree (HA degree) 0.6, weight average molecular weight (MW) 50,000] was dispersed. Next, 5 parts of BTC was added to the dispersion, and then stirred and dissolved at room temperature for 4 hours to prepare 100 parts of an aqueous polymer solution for the coating liquid.
- DHPC hydroxyalkylation degree (HA degree) 0.6, weight average molecular weight (MW) 50,000
- Example 1-11> For comparison, 5 parts of chitosan (haation degree 0.0, MW 100,000) is dispersed in 87 parts of ion-exchanged water, 8 parts of citric acid is added to the dispersion, and then stirred and dissolved at room temperature for 4 hours. Thus, 100 parts of a polymer solution for the coating solution was prepared.
- Example 1 ⁇ Production of carbon filler dispersion coating liquid and evaluation of dispersibility and storage stability> [Example 1]
- the carbon filler dispersion coating solution used in this example was produced by the following method. 10 parts of furnace black (Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd., Toka Black # 4500) as a carbon filler, and 90 parts of the polymer solution for the coating liquid of Example 1-3 shown in Table 1 The mixture was stirred and mixed at a rotation speed of 60 rpm for 120 minutes with a planetary mixer to obtain a carbon filler dispersion coating solution.
- the obtained carbon filler dispersion coating solution was used as a bar coater no. 6 was applied and spread on a glass plate, the appearance of the coating film was visually confirmed, and the dispersibility of the carbon filler was evaluated.
- the case where the coating film was uniform and no irregularities, stripes, or unevenness was observed was evaluated as “dispersible”, and the case where irregularities, stripes, or irregularities were observed in the coating film was evaluated as “bad”.
- the carbon filler dispersion coating solution is placed in a 500 ml glass container, stored at room temperature for 1 month, and visually observed. The state after storage was observed and evaluated. A when there is no generation of supernatant and no sedimentation of the filler, and when generation of supernatant and sedimentation of the filler is observed, but when the container is shaken lightly, the filler is redispersed with B. The filler was not redispersed to the extent that it was shaken.
- Examples 2 to 10, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 The carbon filler dispersion coating was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer solution for each coating solution shown in Table 2 was used instead of the polymer solution for the coating solution in Example 1-3 in Example 1. A working solution was prepared. And the dispersibility of the obtained coating liquid and storage stability were investigated and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a 5% NMP solution (PVDF solution) of polyvinylidene fluoride was used as the polymer solution.
- Example 11 positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- Example 11 Positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- a positive electrode solution containing a positive electrode active material was prepared by the following method.
- a material of the positive electrode solution 90 parts of LiCoO 2 powder having a particle diameter of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, 5 parts of acetylene black as a conductive assistant, and 50 parts of 5% NMP solution (PVDF solution) of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder are used. Used at a blending ratio. These materials were stirred and mixed with a planetary mixer at a rotation speed of 60 rpm for 120 minutes to obtain a cathode solution containing a slurry-like cathode active material.
- the positive electrode solution obtained above was applied to the surface of the previously formed positive electrode current collector coating film layer with a comma roll coater and then dried in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes. Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent, and an active material layer having a dry film thickness of 100 ⁇ m was formed on the coating film layer to obtain a positive electrode composite layer.
- the positive electrode composite layer obtained by the above method was pressed under the condition of 5,000 kgf / cm 2 to make the film uniform. Next, aging was performed in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C. for 48 hours to sufficiently remove volatile components (water, solvent, etc.) to obtain a positive electrode plate.
- Example 2 (Negative electrode plate) Using the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid of Example 1, using a copper foil current collector as a base, coating the carbon filler dispersion coating liquid on one side of the base with a comma roll coater, and then in a 110 ° C oven, 2 Dried for a minute. Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent and crosslink the polymer component to form a coating film layer having a dry film thickness of 1 ⁇ m on the current collector.
- a negative electrode solution containing a negative electrode active material was prepared by the following method.
- a material for the negative electrode solution 90 parts of carbon powder obtained by pyrolyzing coal coke at 1,200 ° C., 5 parts of acetylene black as a conductive additive, and 5% NMP solution of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder (PVDF Solution) Used at a blending ratio of 50 parts. These materials were stirred and mixed at a rotation speed of 60 rpm for 120 minutes with a planetary mixer to obtain a negative electrode solution containing a slurry-like negative electrode active material.
- PVDF Solution polyvinylidene fluoride
- the negative electrode solution obtained above was applied to the surface of the previously formed coating film layer with a comma roll coater, and then dried in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes. Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a negative electrode composite layer in which an active material layer having a dry film thickness of 100 ⁇ m was formed on the coating film layer.
- the negative electrode composite layer obtained by the above method was pressed under the condition of 5,000 kgf / cm 2 to make the film uniform. Next, aging was performed in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C. for 48 hours to sufficiently remove volatile components (water, solvent, etc.) to obtain a negative electrode plate.
- a polyolefin-based (polypropylene, polyethylene or copolymer thereof) having a three-dimensional pore structure (sponge-like) wider than the positive electrode plate First, an electrode body was formed by winding in a spiral shape through a separator made of a film. Next, this electrode body was inserted into a bottomed cylindrical stainless steel container also serving as a negative electrode terminal, and a battery with an AA size and a rated capacity of 500 mAh was assembled.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- DME dimethyl methoxyethane
- charge / discharge characteristics were measured as follows using a charge / discharge measuring device under a temperature condition of 25 ° C. Each of the 20 cells is charged with a charging current of 0.2 CA and charged from the charging direction until the battery voltage reaches 4.1 V. After 10 minutes of rest, the battery is discharged to 2.75 V at the same current. After a pause of minutes, the charge / discharge characteristics were measured by repeating 100 cycles of charge / discharge under the same conditions. When the charge / discharge capacity value at the first cycle was 100, the charge / discharge capacity value at the 100th time (hereinafter abbreviated as charge / discharge capacity retention rate) was 97%.
- Example 12 to 16 Comparative Example 3 (positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery)
- Example 3 positive electrode plate, negative electrode plate, battery
- each carbon filler dispersion coating solution described in Table 3 was used.
- Example 17 [Application to capacitors] [Example 17 (capacitor)] Using the carbon filler-dispersed coating liquid of Example 1 and using a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a base, coating the coating liquid on one side of the base with a comma roll coater, It was dried in an oven for 2 minutes. Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent and crosslink the resin binder, thereby forming a coating film layer having a dry film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m on the current collector.
- an electrode solution containing an active material was produced by the following method.
- a material for the electrode solution 100 parts of high-purity activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of 1,500 m 2 / g and an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m was used, and 8 parts of acetylene black as a conductive material. These materials were charged into a planetary mixer, and a polyvinylidene fluoride NMP solution was added and mixed for 60 minutes so that the total solid concentration would be 45%. Then, it diluted with NMP so that solid content concentration might be 42%, and also mixed for 10 minutes, and obtained the electrode solution.
- This electrode solution was applied onto the previously formed coating film layer using a doctor blade, and dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes with a blow dryer. Then, it pressed using the roll-press machine and obtained the polarizable electrode plate for capacitors of thickness 80micrometer and density 0.6g / cm ⁇ 3 >.
- Two sheets of capacitor polarizable electrode plates manufactured as described above were cut out into a circle having a diameter of 15 mm, and dried at 200 ° C. for 20 hours.
- the electrode layer surfaces of the two electrode plates were opposed to each other, and a circular cellulose separator having a diameter of 18 mm and a thickness of 40 ⁇ m was sandwiched between them.
- This was stored in a stainless steel coin-type outer container (diameter 20 mm, height 1.8 mm, stainless steel thickness 0.25 mm) provided with polypropylene packing.
- Example 18 to 21 A polarizable electrode was prepared in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the carbon filler dispersion coating solution shown in Table 4 was used instead of the carbon filler dispersion coating solution of Example 1 used in Example 17. A plate and a capacitor were prepared. The characteristics of the obtained capacitors were evaluated, and the results are shown in Table 4.
- Comparative Example 4 An electrode plate and a capacitor were produced in the same manner as in Example 17 except that the carbon filler dispersion coating solution of Comparative Example 2 was used instead of the carbon filler dispersion coating solution of Example 1 used in Example 17. . And internal resistance and an electrostatic capacitance were measured and it was set as the reference
- the internal resistance and capacitance in Table 4 were measured as follows and evaluated according to the following criteria. For each capacitor, the capacitance and internal resistance were measured at a current density of 20 mA / cm 2 . Then, using the capacitor of Comparative Example 4 as a reference, the performance of the capacitor of each Example was evaluated according to the following criteria. The larger the capacitance and the smaller the internal resistance, the better the performance as a capacitor.
- Capacitance evaluation criteria A: The capacitance is 20% or more larger than that of Comparative Example 4. B: The capacitance is 10% or more and less than 20% larger than that of Comparative Example 4. C: The capacitance is equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 4. (Evaluation criteria for internal resistance) A: Internal resistance is 20% or less smaller than that of Comparative Example 4. B: The internal resistance is 10% or more and less than 20% smaller than that of Comparative Example 4. C: The internal resistance is equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 4.
- Table 5 shows the composition of the polymer solution for the coating solution used in Examples and Comparative Examples. Abbreviations other than the following about the components shown in Table 5 are the same as those in Table 1.
- the polybasic acid CHHC used in the polymer solution is an abbreviation for 1,2,3,4,5,6-cyclohexanehexacarboxylic acid.
- the polar solvent DMSO used in the polymer solution is an abbreviation for dimethyl sulfoxide.
- Example 2-1 10 parts of DHPC [Hydroxyalkylation degree (HA degree) 1.1, weight average molecular weight (MW) 90,000]] was dispersed in 80 parts of water, and 10 parts of BTC was added to the dispersion. The solution was stirred and dissolved for 2 hours to prepare 100 parts of a dihydroxypropyl chitosan solution.
- HA degree Hydrophilicity degree
- MW weight average molecular weight
- Examples 2-2 to 2-6> As shown in Table 5, the coating of the present invention was carried out in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the type and amount (mass) of polymer, the type and amount of polybasic acid, the type and amount of polar solvent were changed. A polymer solution for a working solution was prepared.
- Example 22 The carbon filler dispersion coating solution of this example was produced by the following method. 7 parts of acetylene black (AB) as a carbon filler and 93 parts of the polymer solution of Example 2-1 in Table 5 were stirred and mixed with a planetary mixer at a rotation speed of 60 rpm for 120 minutes to form a slurry. A coating solution was obtained.
- AB acetylene black
- the coating film layer formed with the above mesh is 1 as a supporting salt in a mixed solvent in which EC (ethylene carbonate): PC (propylene carbonate): DME (dimethoxyethane) is blended at a volume ratio of 1: 1: 2.
- the coating liquid was coated on the glass plate with a comma roll coater, and then dried in an oven at 200 ° C. for 1 minute to conduct the conductive coating.
- a film dry film thickness 4 ⁇ m
- the surface resistivity of the obtained coating film was determined by the four-probe method according to JIS K 7194. The measurement was performed under the conditions of 25 ° C. and 60% relative humidity using a Lorester GP, MCP-T610 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech.
- Examples 23 to 25, Comparative Examples 5 to 7, Reference Examples 1 and 2 A coated film was produced in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the polymer solutions shown in Table 6 were used instead of the polymer solution in Example 2-1 in Example 22. And about each coating film, it carried out similarly to Example 22, and investigated adhesiveness, melt
- a 5% NMP solution (PVDF solution) of polyvinylidene fluoride was used, and in Comparative Example 6, a styrene butadiene copolymer latex (using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a thickener) was used.
- a positive electrode solution containing a positive electrode active material was prepared by the following method.
- As a material of the positive electrode solution 90 parts of LiCoO 2 powder having a particle diameter of 1 to 100 ⁇ m, 5 parts of acetylene black as a conductive assistant, and 50 parts of 5% NMP solution (PVDF solution) of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder are used. Used at a blending ratio. And these were stirred and mixed with a planetary mixer at a rotation speed of 60 rpm for 120 minutes to obtain a cathode solution containing a slurry-like cathode active material.
- the positive electrode solution obtained above was applied to the surface of the coating film layer previously formed with the coating solution of Example 22 with a comma roll coater, and then dried in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes. . Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a positive electrode composite layer in which an active material layer having a dry film thickness of 100 ⁇ m was formed on the coating film layer.
- the positive electrode composite layer obtained by the above method was pressed under the condition of 5,000 kgf / cm 2 to make the film uniform. Next, aging was performed in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C. for 48 hours to sufficiently remove volatile components (such as a solvent and unreacted polybasic acids) to obtain a positive electrode plate.
- Example 22 (Negative electrode plate) Using the coating liquid of Example 22, using a copper foil current collector as a base, coating the coating liquid on one side of the base with a comma roll coater, followed by drying in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes, It dried for 2 minutes in 180 degreeC oven, the solvent was removed, and the resin binder was bridge
- a negative electrode solution containing a negative electrode active material was prepared by the following method.
- a material for the negative electrode solution 90 parts of carbon powder obtained by pyrolyzing coal coke at 1,200 ° C., 5 parts of acetylene black as a conductive additive, and 5% NMP solution of polyvinylidene fluoride as a binder (PVDF Solution) was used at a compounding ratio of 50 parts. And this was stirred and mixed with the planetary mixer for 120 minutes at 60 rpm, and the negative electrode liquid containing a slurry-like negative electrode active material was obtained.
- PVDF Solution polyvinylidene fluoride
- the negative electrode solution obtained above was applied to the surface of the previously formed coating film layer with a comma roll coater, and then dried in an oven at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes. Further, this was dried in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a negative electrode composite layer in which an active material layer having a dry film thickness of 100 ⁇ m was formed on the coating film layer.
- the negative electrode composite layer obtained by the above method was pressed under the condition of 5,000 kgf / cm 2 to make the film uniform. Next, aging was performed in a vacuum oven at 80 ° C. for 48 hours to sufficiently remove volatile components (such as a solvent and unreacted polybasic acids) to obtain a negative electrode plate.
- the battery characteristics were measured by measuring the charge / discharge characteristics under the same conditions as in Example 11 using a charge / discharge measuring device. As a result, when the charge / discharge capacity value at the first cycle was set to 100, the charge / discharge capacity value at the 100th time (charge / discharge capacity retention rate) was 97%.
- Example 27 and 28 Comparative Example 7, Reference Example 3
- the coating liquid and coating film described in Table 7 below were used in place of the coating liquid and coating film of Example 22 used for the production of the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate used in Example 26.
- Example 29 [Application to capacitors] [Example 29 (capacitor)] Using the coating liquid of Example 23, using a current collector made of an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a base, coating the coating liquid on one side of the base with a comma roll coater, and then in an oven at 110 ° C., 2 The coating was dried for 2 minutes in an oven at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes to remove the solvent and crosslink the resin binder to form a coating film layer having a dry film thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m on the current collector.
- an electrode solution containing an active material was produced by the following method.
- a material for the electrode solution 100 parts of high-purity activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of 1,500 m 2 / g and an average particle diameter of 10 ⁇ m and 8 parts of acetylene black as a carbon filler are charged into a planetary mixer, and the total solid content is 45.
- Polyvinylidene fluoride NMP solution was added and mixed for 60 minutes. Then, it diluted with NMP so that solid content concentration might be 42%, and also mixed for 10 minutes, and obtained the electrode solution.
- This electrode solution was applied onto the coating film layer using a doctor blade, and dried at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes with a blow dryer. Then, it pressed using the roll-press machine and obtained the polarizable electrode plate for capacitors of thickness 80micrometer and density 0.6g / cm ⁇ 3 >.
- Example 30 A polarizable electrode plate and a capacitor were prepared in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the coating liquid shown in Table 8 was used instead of the coating liquid in Example 23 used in Example 29. The characteristics were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 8.
- Comparative Example 8 A polarizable electrode plate and a capacitor were prepared in the same manner as in Example 29 except that the coating liquid of Comparative Example 5 was used instead of the coating liquid of Example 23 used in Example 29, and each characteristic was determined. evaluated. The results are shown in Table 8.
- the internal resistance and capacitance in Table 8 were measured as follows and evaluated according to the following criteria. For each capacitor, the capacitance and internal resistance were measured at a current density of 20 mA / cm 2 . Then, using the capacitor of Comparative Example 8 as a reference, the performance of the capacitor of each Example was evaluated according to the following criteria. The larger the capacitance and the smaller the internal resistance, the better the performance as a capacitor.
- Capacitance evaluation criteria A: The capacitance is 20% or more larger than that of Comparative Example 8. B: The capacitance is 10% or more and less than 20% larger than that of Comparative Example 8. C: The capacitance is equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 8. (Evaluation criteria for internal resistance) A: The internal resistance is 20% or more smaller than that of Comparative Example 8. B: The internal resistance is 10% or more and less than 20% smaller than that of Comparative Example 8. C: The internal resistance is equal to or less than that of Comparative Example 8.
- hydroxyalkyl chitosan such as glycerylated chitosan is a natural polymer derived from a living organism with a low environmental burden, and has an excellent dispersion function for a carbon filler and a resin binder. Since it has both functions, sedimentation and separation of the carbon filler is suppressed, and the coating liquid has excellent characteristics and high dispersibility and dispersion stability. According to the present invention, by using the coating liquid, it is possible to provide a conductive coating film in which the carbon filler is uniformly dispersed and which has excellent adhesion and solvent resistance.
- the carbon filler-dispersed coating liquid is used for an electrode plate of a power storage device, and a coating film formed from the coating liquid is disposed between the current collector and the electrode layer.
- the power storage device has excellent adhesion and electrolyte resistance to the interface between the electrode layer and the current collector made of aluminum foil, copper foil, etc., and has improved contact resistance with the current collector
- An electrode plate and a power storage device including the electrode plate are provided.
- the above-mentioned carbon filler dispersion coating liquid was effectively applied to the conductive properties of the carbon filler by applying it to various objects to be coated such as metals, resins, ceramics, and power storage devices. Since a conductivity imparting material having excellent performance is provided, it can be expected to be used in various fields. For this reason, the present invention can be useful for environmental protection and health damage prevention which are international social problems in recent years.
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Abstract
Description
(1)樹脂バインダーであるヒドロキシアルキルキトサンと、
(2)導電性炭素フィラーと、
(3)多塩基酸又はその誘導体と、を含んでなり、
塗工液100質量部中に、上記(1)のヒドロキシアルキルキトサンが0.1~20質量部、上記(2)の導電性炭素フィラーが1~30質量部の範囲で含有されていることを特徴とする水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を提供する。
本発明者らは、従来技術の課題を解決すべく鋭意研究の結果、生物由来の物質であるヒドロキシアルキルキトサンを樹脂バインダーとして含んでなる水系の塗工液は、密着性と耐電解液性に優れた水系の塗工膜を与えることができ、しかも、該ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンは、炭素フィラーに対して優れた分散性を示し、分散剤としても良好に機能し得る有用な材料であることを見出して本発明に至った。
以下、本発明を特徴づけるヒドロキシアルキルキトサンについて説明する。本発明で使用するヒドロキシアルキルキトサンは、生物由来の天然系ポリマーであり、環境に対する負荷の少ないものである。本発明においては、特に、ヒドロキシエチルキトサン、ヒドロキシプロピルキトサン、ヒドロキシブチルキトサン、ヒドロキシブチルヒドロキシプロピルキトサン、及びグリセリル化キトサンからなる群から選ばれるものが好適である。
本発明の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液は、樹脂バインダーとして上記のヒドロキシアルキルキトサンを含み、これと共に導電性炭素フィラーを少なくとも含み、該炭素フィラーが、少なくとも極性溶媒である水を含む水系媒体に分散されてなる。この際に用いられる導電性炭素フィラーは、粒状、フレーク状及び短繊維状のものがいずれも使用できる。粒状のものとしては、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、ファーネスブラックなどが挙げられる。又、フレーク状のものとしては、天然黒鉛、キッシュ黒鉛、人工(人造)黒鉛などが挙げられる。又、短繊維状のものとしては、PAN系炭素繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノチューブなどが挙げられる。より好適に用いられる炭素フィラーとしては、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、ファーネスブラック、天然黒鉛、人工(人造)黒鉛、キッシュ黒鉛、カーボンナノファイバー、カーボンナノチューブなどが挙げられる。
本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液は、多塩基酸又はその誘導体(以下、多塩基酸類と呼ぶ)を必須成分として含む。多塩基酸類を含有させることで、本発明の塗工液を塗布し、その後に加熱乾燥した時に、多塩基酸及び/又はその誘導体が、ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンや任意に添加される樹脂成分の架橋剤として作用する。この結果、形成される塗工膜は、被塗工物、特に金属材料表面や集電体に対して、優れた接着性及び耐溶剤性を有するものとなる。
<2塩基酸>シュウ酸、マロン酸、コハク酸、メチルコハク酸、グルタル酸、メチルグルタル酸、アジピン酸、ピメリン酸、スベリン酸、アゼライン酸、セバシン酸、マレイン酸、メチルマレイン酸、フマル酸、メチルフマル酸、イタコン酸、ムコン酸、シトラコン酸、グルタコン酸、アセチレンジカルボン酸、酒石酸、リンゴ酸、スピクリスポール酸、グルタミン酸、グルタチオン、アスパラギン酸、シスチン、アセチルシスチン、ジグリコール酸、イミノジ酢酸、ヒドロキシエチルイミノジ酢酸、チオジグリコール酸、チオニルジグリコール酸、スルホニルジグリコール酸、ポリエチレンオキシドジグリコール酸(PEG酸)、ピリジンジカルボン酸、ピラジンジカルボン酸、エポキシコハク酸、フタル酸、イソフタル酸、テレフタル酸、テトラクロルフタル酸、ナフタレンジカルボン酸、テトラヒドロフタル酸、メチルテトラヒドロフタル酸、シクロヘキサンジカルボン酸、ジフェニルスルホンジカルボン酸、ジフェニルメタンジカルボン酸
<3塩基酸>クエン酸、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボン酸、1,2,4-ブタントリカルボン酸、2-ホスホノ-1,2,4-ブタントリカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、1,2,4-シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸
<4塩基酸>エチレンジアミンテトラ酢酸、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸
<6塩基酸>1,2,3,4,5,6-シクロヘキサンヘキサカルボン酸
本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液は、少なくとも極性溶媒である水を含む水系媒体に、上記したヒドロキシアルキルキトサン、導電性炭素フィラー及び多塩基酸類が、溶解或いは分散されてなる。本発明を構成する水系分散媒としては、水と共に、水と混和可能な有機溶媒を混合してなる混合分散媒も好適に用いられる。水と混和可能な有機溶媒としては、下記に挙げるような、従来公知のものが使用できる。例えば、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)、n-ブチルアルコール、s-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコールなどのアルコール類、酢酸メチル、酢酸エチル、酢酸n-プロピル、酢酸イソプロピル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸イソブチル、酢酸メトキシブチル、酢酸セロソルブ、酢酸アミル、乳酸メチル、乳酸エチル、乳酸ブチルなどのエステル類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、メチルイソブチルケトン、ジイソブチルケトン、シクロヘキサノンなどのケトン類、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド類、ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド類などが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アルコール類が好適に用いられ、IPAが特に好適に用いられる。又、これらの水と混和可能な有機溶媒は、単独で用いても混合して用いてもよい。
本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液は、これによって形成される塗工膜に、物理的強度、耐久性、耐摩耗性、被塗工物に対する接着性などを付与したい場合には、塗工膜のバインダーとして、その他の樹脂成分を添加することができる。本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液に使用するその他の樹脂成分としては、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリアクリル酸、含フッ素高分子、セルロース系高分子、澱粉系高分子、スチレン系重合体、アクリル系重合体、スチレン-アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリイミド及びポリアミドイミドなど、従来公知の樹脂が挙げられる。これらの樹脂成分は市場から入手してそのまま使用できるが、分散媒に対する溶解性の点を考慮して調製してなる、それらの誘導体がより好ましい。
本発明で炭素フィラー分散塗工液に使用する多塩基酸類及び有機溶媒類は、一般市販品をそのまま用いることができるが、必要に応じて精製してから使用してもよい。又、上記塗工液の製造において、ヒドロキシアルキルキトサン及び必要に応じて添加する樹脂成分などのポリマー類と、多塩基酸類とを、水系分散媒に溶解するにあたり、水系分散媒に添加する順番は、ポリマー類又は多塩基酸類のうちどちらを先にしても、同時としてもよい。溶解方法は室温攪拌で十分であるが、必要に応じて加熱してもよい。
本発明は、上記した構成の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を被塗工物の表面に塗布し、これを乾燥することにより得られる導電性付与材料を提供する。上記の被塗工物としては、アルミニウムや銅などの金属、ガラス、天然樹脂、合成樹脂、セラミックス、紙、繊維、織布、不織布、皮革などが挙げられるが、好ましい被塗工物としてアルミニウム箔や銅箔などの蓄電装置用集電体が挙げられる。
本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液は、二次電池やキャパシタなどの蓄電装置電極板に使用することができる。この場合、本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を蓄電装置の集電体表面に、固形分換算にて、0.1~10μm、好ましくは0.1~5μm、更に好ましくは0.1~2μmの厚みに塗布して塗工膜層を形成する。更に、その上に電池用正極電極層、電池用負極電極層、或いはキャパシタ用正極電極層、キャパシタ用負極電極層、分極性電極層を形成することにより、電極層と集電体との間の抵抗を何ら高めることなく、むしろ抵抗を低くして、電極層と集電体との密着性を著しく向上させることができる。
本発明における塗工膜を特定する表面抵抗率は、次のような方法によって測定したものである。本発明における塗工膜を形成させる塗工液を、硝子板上に塗布した後、200℃で1分間乾燥し、塗工膜(乾燥膜厚4μm)を形成した。塗工膜の表面抵抗率をJIS K 7194に従い、四探針法により求めた。本発明では、測定は、三菱化学アナリテック製ロレスターGP、MCP-T610を用い、25℃、相対湿度60%の条件下で測定した。
(二次電池)
以上のようにして作製した本発明の正極及び負極の電極板を用いて、非水電解液二次電池、例えば、リチウム系二次電池を作製する場合には、電解液として、溶質のリチウム塩を、下記に挙げるような有機溶剤やイオン液体に溶かした非水電解液が用いられる。非水電解液を形成する溶質のリチウム塩としては、例えば、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiCl、LiBrなどの無機リチウム塩、及びLiB(C6H5)4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiOSO2CF3、LiOSO2C2F5、LiOSO2C3F7、LiOSO2C4F9、LiOSO2C5F11、LiOSO2C6F13、LiOSO2C7F15などの有機リチウム塩などが用いられる。
本発明の炭素フィラー分散塗工液より形成される塗工膜を、キャパシタ用電極板及びキャパシタの製造に応用する場合を以下に説明する。キャパシタ用電極板用の塗工液も、水を含む水系媒体、ヒドロキシアルキルキトサン、炭素フィラー、多塩基酸類、必要に応じて樹脂成分などを含有してなる。
<各塗工液用のポリマー溶液>
表1に、実施例及び比較例で用いた各種塗工液用のポリマー溶液の組成を示した。該ポリマー溶液の作製に使用したヒドロキシアルキルキトサンは、ヒドロキシエチルキトサンをHEC、ヒドロキシプロピルキトサンをHPC、ヒドロキシブチルキトサンをHBC、ヒドロキシブチルヒドロキシプロピルキトサンをHBPC、グリセリル化キトサンをDHPCと略記した。又、該ポリマー溶液の作製に使用した多塩基酸は、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボン酸をPTC、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸をBTCと略記した。又、該ポリマー溶液に使用した有機溶媒は、メチルアルコールをMeOH、エチルアルコールをEtOH、イソプロピルアルコールをIPA、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンをNMPと略記した。
イオン交換水90部に、DHPC〔ヒドロキシアルキル化度(HA化度)0.6、重量平均分子量(MW)50,000〕5部を分散した。次に該分散液にBTCを5部加えた後、室温で4時間撹拌溶解し、100部の塗工液用の水系のポリマー溶液を調製した。
表1に示したように、ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンの種類、HA化度、MW及び使用量(質量)、多塩基酸の種類及び使用量、水系分散媒の種類及び使用量を変え、例1-1と同様の方法によって、本発明の塗工液用の水系の各ポリマー溶液を調製した。
比較のために、イオン交換水87部に、キトサン(HA化度0.0、MW100,000)5部を分散し、該分散液にクエン酸8部を加えた後、室温で4時間撹拌溶解して、100部の塗工液用のポリマー溶液を調製した。
[実施例1]
本実施例で用いた炭素フィラー分散塗工液を以下の方法により作製した。炭素フィラーとしてのファーネスブラック(東海カーボン(株)社製、トーカブラック#4500)を10部、及び表1に示した例1-3の塗工液用のポリマー溶液を90部の配合比で、プラネタリーミキサーにて回転数60rpmで120分間撹拌混合させて炭素フィラー分散塗工液を得た。
実施例1における例1-3の塗工液用のポリマー溶液に代えて、表2に記載した各塗工液用のポリマー溶液を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして炭素フィラー分散塗工液を作製した。そして、得られた塗工液の分散性、保存安定性を調べて評価した。その結果を、表2に示した。なお、比較例2では、ポリマー溶液に、ポリビニリデンフルオライドの5%NMP溶液(PVDF溶液)を用いた。
[実施例11(正極電極板、負極電極板、電池)]
(正極電極板)
実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を用い、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔からなる集電体を基体として、該基体上の片面にコンマロールコーターにて塗工液を塗工後、110℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥処理した。更に、180℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥して溶媒を除去するとともにポリマー成分を架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚が1μmの塗工膜層を形成した。
実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を用い、銅箔集電体を基体として、該基体上の片面にコンマロールコーターにて炭素フィラー分散塗工液を塗工後、110℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥処理した。更に、これを180℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥して溶媒を除去するとともにポリマー成分を架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚が1μmの塗工膜層を形成した。
以上のようにして得た正極電極板及び負極電極板を用い、正極電極板より幅広の三次元空孔構造(海綿状)を有するポリオレフィン系(ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン又はそれらの共重合体)の多孔性フィルムからなるセパレータを介して、渦巻き状に捲回して、先ず電極体を構成した。次に、この電極体を、負極端子を兼ねる有底円筒状のステンレス容器内に挿入し、AAサイズで定格容量500mAhの電池を組み立てた。この電池に、EC(エチレンカーボネート):PC(プロピレンカーボネート):DME(ジメトキシエタン)をそれぞれ体積比1:1:2で全量1リットルになるように調製した混合溶媒に、支持塩として1モルのLiPF6を溶解したものを電解液として注液した。
実施例11で用いた正極電極板及び負極電極板の作製に使用した実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液に代えて、表3に記載した各炭素フィラー分散塗工液をそれぞれに使用した以外は、実施例11と同様にして、電極板及び電池を作製した。得られた各電池について、実施例11と同様にして充放電特性を測定した。結果を表3に示した。
[実施例17(キャパシタ)]
実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を用い、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔からなる集電体を基体として、該基体上の片面にコンマロールコーターにて塗工液を塗工後、110℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥処理した。更に、これを180℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥して、溶媒を除去するとともに樹脂バインダーを架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚が0.5μmの塗工膜層を形成した。
実施例17で用いた実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液に代えて、表4に記載の炭素フィラー分散塗工液をそれぞれに使用した以外は、実施例17と同様にして、分極性電極板及びキャパシタを作成した。そして得られた各キャパシタの特性を評価し、結果を表4に示した。
実施例17で用いた実施例1の炭素フィラー分散塗工液に代えて、比較例2の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を使用した以外は実施例17と同様にして、電極板及びキャパシタを作製した。そして、内部抵抗及び静電容量を測定し、実施例の分極性電極板及びキャパシタを評価する基準とした。
A:比較例4のものよりも静電容量が20%以上大きい。
B:比較例4のものよりも静電容量が10%以上20%未満大きい。
C:比較例4のものと静電容量が同等以下である。
(内部抵抗の評価基準)
A:比較例4のものよりも内部抵抗が20%以上小さい。
B:比較例4のものよりも内部抵抗が10%以上20%未満小さい。
C:比較例4のものと内部抵抗が同等以下である。
表5に、実施例及び比較例で用いた塗工液用のポリマー溶液の組成を示した。表5に示した成分についての下記以外の略記は、表1と同様である。該ポリマー溶液に使用した多塩基酸のCHHCは、1,2,3,4,5,6-シクロヘキサンヘキサカルボン酸の略記である。該ポリマー溶液に使用した極性溶媒のDMSOは、ジメチルスルホキシドの略記である。
水80部中にDHPC〔ヒドロキシアルキル化度(HA化度)1.1、重量平均分子量(MW)90,000〕を10部分散し、該分散液にBTC10部を加えた後、50℃で2時間撹拌溶解し、100部のジヒドロキシプロピルキトサン溶液を調製した。
表5に示すように、ポリマーの種類及び使用量(質量)、多塩基酸の種類及び使用量、極性溶媒の種類及び使用量を変えて、例2-1と同様の方法で本発明の塗工液用のポリマー溶液を調製した。
[実施例22]
本実施例の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を以下の方法により作製した。炭素フィラーとしてのアセチレンブラック(AB)を7部、及び表5の例2-1のポリマー溶液を93部の配合比で、プラネタリーミキサーにて回転数60rpmで120分間撹拌混合させて、スラリー状の塗工液を得た。
実施例22における例2-1のポリマー溶液に代えて、それぞれ表6に記載のポリマー溶液を使用した以外は、実施例22と同様にして塗工膜を作製した。そして、各塗工膜について、実施例22と同様にして、密着性、溶解・膨潤性、表面抵抗率を調べ、表6に記載の結果を得た。なお、比較例5ではポリビニリデンフルオライドの5%NMP溶液(PVDF溶液)を、比較例6ではスチレンブタジエン共重合体ラテックス(増粘剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムを使用)を用いた。
[実施例26(正極電極板、負極電極板、電池)]
(正極電極板)
正極活物質を含む正極液を以下の方法により作製した。正極液の材料としては、1~100μmの粒径を有するLiCoO2粉末を90部、導電助剤としてアセチレンブラックを5部、バインダーとしてポリビニリデンフルオライドの5%NMP溶液(PVDF溶液)50部の配合比で用いた。そして、これらをプラネタリーミキサーにて、回転数60rpmで120分間撹拌混合することにより、スラリー状の正極活物質を含む正極液を得た。
実施例22の塗工液を用い、銅箔集電体を基体として、該基体上の片面にコンマロールコーターにて塗工液を塗工後、110℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥処理し、更に180℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥して溶媒を除去するとともに樹脂バインダーを架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚が1μmの塗工膜層を形成した。
以上のようにして得た正極電極板及び負極電極板を用い、正極電極板より幅広の三次元空孔構造(海綿状)を有するポリオレフィン系(ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン又はそれらの共重合体)の多孔性フィルムからなるセパレータを介して、渦巻き状に捲回して、先ず電極体を構成した。そして、この電極体を用い、実施例11と同様にして電池を作製した。
(正極電極板、負極電極板、電池)
実施例26で用いた正極電極板及び負極電極板の作製に使用した実施例22の塗工液及び塗工膜に代えて、下記表7に記載の塗工液及び塗工膜を使用した以外は、実施例26と同様にして、電極板及び電池を作製し、充放電特性を測定した。結果を表7に示す。
[実施例29(キャパシタ)]
実施例23の塗工液を用い、厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔からなる集電体を基体として、該基体上の片面にコンマロールコーターにて塗工液を塗工後、110℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥処理し、更に180℃のオーブンで2分間乾燥して溶媒を除去するとともに樹脂バインダーを架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚が0.5μmの塗工膜層を形成した。
実施例29で用いた実施例23の塗工液に代えて、表8に記載の塗工液を使用した以外は、実施例29と同様にして、分極性電極板及びキャパシタを作成し、各特性を評価した。結果を表8に示した。
実施例29で用いた実施例23の塗工液に代えて、比較例5の塗工液を使用した以外は実施例29と同様にして、分極性電極板及びキャパシタを作成し、各特性を評価した。結果を表8に示した。
A:比較例8のものよりも静電容量が20%以上大きい。
B:比較例8のものよりも静電容量が10%以上20%未満大きい。
C:比較例8のものと静電容量が同等以下である。
(内部抵抗の評価基準)
A:比較例8のものよりも内部抵抗が20%以上小さい。
B:比較例8のものよりも内部抵抗が10%以上20%未満小さい。
C:比較例8のものと内部抵抗が同等以下である。
Claims (18)
- 導電性の塗工膜を形成するための水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液であって、
少なくとも極性溶媒である水を含む水系媒体に、
(1)樹脂バインダーであるヒドロキシアルキルキトサンと、
(2)導電性炭素フィラーと、
(3)多塩基酸又はその誘導体と、
を含んでなり、
塗工液100質量部中に、上記(1)のヒドロキシアルキルキトサンが0.1~20質量部、上記(2)の導電性炭素フィラーが1~30質量部の範囲で含有されていることを特徴とする水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。 - 前記ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンが、グリセリル化キトサン、ヒドロキシエチルキトサン、ヒドロキシプロピルキトサン、ヒドロキシブチルキトサン及びヒドロキシブチルヒドロキシプロピルキトサンからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 前記ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンの重量平均分子量が、2,000~350,000である請求項1又は2に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 前記ヒドロキシアルキルキトサンのヒドロキシアルキル化度が、0.5以上4以下である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 前記多塩基酸又はその誘導体が、前記ヒドロキシアルキルキトサン100質量部当たり20~300質量部の範囲で含有されている請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 前記導電性炭素フィラーが、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、ファーネスブラック、天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、カーボンナノファイバー及びカーボンナノチューブからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 前記多塩基酸が、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、クエン酸、1,2,3-プロパントリカルボン酸、1,2,4-シクロヘキサントリカルボン酸、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸、トリメリット酸、1,4,5,8-ナフタレンテトラカルボン酸及び1,2,3,4,5,6-シクロヘキサンヘキサカルボン酸からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 更に、ヒドロキシアルキルキトサン100質量部当たり10~2,000質量部の範囲で、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリビニルアセタール、ポリアクリル酸、含フッ素高分子、セルロース系高分子、澱粉系高分子、スチレン系重合体、アクリル系重合体、スチレン-アクリル酸エステル共重合体、ポリアミド、ポリイミド及びポリアミドイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂成分をバインダーとして含む請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を、アルミニウム、銅、ガラス、天然樹脂、合成樹脂、セラミックス、紙、繊維、織布、不織布及び皮革からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である被塗工物の表面に塗布及び乾燥してなる塗工膜を有することを特徴とする導電性付与材料。
- 集電体と電極活物質層との間に、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液によって形成された塗工膜が配置されていることを特徴とする蓄電装置用電極板。
- 前記塗工膜の膜厚が、固形分換算にて0.1~10μmであり、かつ、その表面抵抗率が3,000Ω/□以下である請求項10に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。
- 前記集電体が、アルミニウム箔であり、電極活物質層が、正極活物質を含んでなる請求項10又は11に記載の蓄電装置用正極電極板。
- 前記集電体が、銅箔であり、電極活物質層が、負極活物質を含んでなる請求項10又は11に記載の蓄電装置用負極電極板。
- 前記集電体が、アルミニウム箔であり、電極活物質層が、分極性電極を含んでなる請求項10又は11に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。
- 前記集電体の表面に、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の水系の炭素フィラー分散塗工液を塗布して塗工膜を形成後、該塗工膜上に電極活物質層を形成することを特徴とする蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。
- 前記塗工膜を形成する際に、前記塗工液を塗布した後、水系媒体を加熱除去し、又は除去しながら、100℃以上250℃以下で、1秒以上60分間以下、加熱処理する請求項15に記載の蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。
- 請求項10~14のいずれか1項に記載の電極板を有してなることを特徴とする蓄電装置。
- 二次電池又はキャパシタである請求項17に記載の蓄電装置。
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