WO2011040294A1 - 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 - Google Patents
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011040294A1 WO2011040294A1 PCT/JP2010/066363 JP2010066363W WO2011040294A1 WO 2011040294 A1 WO2011040294 A1 WO 2011040294A1 JP 2010066363 W JP2010066363 W JP 2010066363W WO 2011040294 A1 WO2011040294 A1 WO 2011040294A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
- H10K50/125—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light
- H10K50/13—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers specially adapted for multicolour light emission, e.g. for emitting white light comprising stacked EL layers within one EL unit
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/22—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers
- H05B33/24—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of auxiliary dielectric or reflective layers of metallic reflective layers
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/80—Constructional details
- H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K50/852—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/876—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising a resonant cavity structure, e.g. Bragg reflector pair
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
- H10K59/878—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising reflective means
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- H10K2101/00—Properties of the organic materials covered by group H10K85/00
- H10K2101/40—Interrelation of parameters between multiple constituent active layers or sublayers, e.g. HOMO values in adjacent layers
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- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/11—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED] characterised by the electroluminescent [EL] layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter also referred to as “organic EL element” in the present specification), and more particularly to a single photon type organic EL element, and a light emitting device and a display device equipped with the same.
- organic EL element organic electroluminescence element
- the organic EL element mainly includes a pair of electrodes (anode and cathode) and a light emitting layer sandwiched between them.
- the use of an organic compound as the material of the light emitting layer is a major feature of the organic EL element.
- the organic EL element emits light of a predetermined color and intensity by applying a voltage between the electrodes.
- each light emitting unit is disposed at a position where light emitted from the plurality of light emitting units resonates.
- An organic EL element with improved light emission characteristics has been devised. Specifically, by setting the optical distance between the light emitting position of each light emitting unit and the anode that reflects the light to a distance at which the light resonance phenomenon occurs, each of the light emitting units has a light resonance condition.
- An organic EL element satisfying the above has been devised (for example, Patent Document 2).
- a light emitting device comprising an organic EL element having a light emitting layer that emits white light.
- red light emitting layer a light emitting layer that emits red light
- blue light emitting layer blue light
- a light emitting device that emits white light by superimposing three types of light, red, blue, and green emitted from each organic EL element.
- the distance between the light-emitting layer that emits white light and the electrode that reflects the light is set to be a predetermined distance.
- the resonance condition is satisfied for light in a specific wavelength band that is extremely narrow among white light having a wavelength band.
- the resonance condition is not sufficiently satisfied for light in most wavelength bands excluding the extremely narrow specific wavelength band. For this reason, it is difficult to obtain the effect of optical resonance with respect to light in most wavelength bands excluding a very narrow specific wavelength band of white light having a wide wavelength band.
- the distance between the light-emitting layer and the electrode is certainly set to a predetermined value for each type of organic EL elements.
- the distance between the light-emitting layer and the electrode is certainly set to a predetermined value for each type of organic EL elements.
- the optical resonance distance is set in consideration of the thickness of the other light emitting units. It is necessary to form the thickness of other light emitting units including the intermediate unit as designed. For this reason, the tolerance of the thickness including the intermediate unit becomes strict, and the manufacturing process is advanced. Further, since the intermediate unit is usually formed by a dry method, a vacuum process is required. For example, when a light emitting layer other than the intermediate unit is formed by a wet method, there is a problem that a manufacturing process becomes extremely complicated because a vacuum process is performed in the middle of the process.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element having a simple structure and excellent light emitting performance such as light emission intensity in an organic EL element including a plurality of light emitting layers each emitting light having different peak wavelengths. To do.
- the present invention provides an organic EL device having the following configuration.
- a first electrode exhibiting optical transparency;
- a second electrode ;
- a single-photon organic electroluminescence device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between the first and second electrodes, Between the first and second electrodes, a plurality of light emitting layers each emitting light having different peak wavelengths are laminated, Each light-emitting layer is emitted from a predetermined light-emitting layer toward the second electrode, reflected light that is reflected back at the second electrode, and emitted from the predetermined light-emitting layer toward the first electrode. Is arranged at a predetermined position where the light that drips causes optical resonance, with a gap from the second electrode, Organic electroluminescence device.
- Electroluminescence element [2] The organic layer according to [1], wherein the plurality of light-emitting layers between the first and second electrodes are disposed closer to the first electrode as a light-emitting layer emitting light having a longer peak wavelength.
- Electroluminescence element [3] The organic electroluminescence device according to [2], wherein the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode. [4] The organic layer according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the plurality of light emitting layers are a light emitting layer that emits red light, a light emitting layer that emits green light, and a light emitting layer that emits blue light. Electroluminescence element.
- the light emitting center portion in the light emitting layer arranged at the k-th symbol “k” represents a natural number
- symbol “k” represents a natural number
- the distance between the electrode and the part that reflects the light is in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d k shown in the following formula (1).
- the organic electroluminescent element according to item. In the formula (1), ⁇ k represents the peak wavelength of light emitted from the kth light emitting layer, and n is interposed between the kth light emitting layer and the second electrode. (The average refractive index of the member to be used.
- M k is a positive odd number.
- a light emitting device comprising the organic electroluminescent element according to any one of [1] to [6].
- a display device comprising: the organic electroluminescent element according to any one of [1] to [6]; and a color filter disposed at a position where light emitted from the organic electroluminescent element passes.
- a single photon type organic EL element formed by laminating a plurality of light emitting layers each emitting light having different peak wavelengths is employed, and the distance between the electrode and each light emitting layer is set to By setting the interval at which the light resonates according to the peak wavelength of the light emitted from the light emitting layer, the effect of optical resonance can be obtained for each light emitting layer while maintaining a simple structure.
- the organic EL element has a simple structure, the emission intensity in the front direction can be increased and the spectrum of light emitted from each light emitting layer can be narrowed.
- the organic EL element of the present invention can adopt a simple structure as compared with the multiphoton type element, the manufacturing process can be simplified.
- the spectrum of light emitted from each light emitting layer can be narrowed. Therefore, in a display device that combines the organic EL element of the present invention and a color filter, optical resonance is utilized.
- the proportion of light that does not pass through the color filter for example, the proportion of light that corresponds to the bottom of the peak of the spectrum can be reduced.
- light loss due to the color filter can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of light emitted from the element can be improved.
- the spectrum of the light emitted from each light emitting layer when the color of the light emitted from each light emitting layer is expressed in color coordinates, the light emitted from each light emitting layer is superimposed.
- the area that can be expressed by the light can be enlarged.
- the color of light emitted from the organic EL element and the color that can be reproduced as the color of light after passing through the color filter The width of will widen.
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing the configuration of the organic EL element of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a polar coordinate display of the intensity distribution of light emitted from the organic EL element.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the color of light emitted from each light emitting layer from the organic EL element by color coordinates.
- SYMBOLS 10 Support substrate 20 1st electrode 30 Hole injection layer 40 Light emitting laminated body 41 Red light emitting layer 42 Green light emitting layer 43 Blue light emitting layer 50 Electron injection layer 60 2nd electrode 60a Reflecting surface
- the organic EL element of the present invention is a single photon type organic EL element comprising a first electrode exhibiting optical transparency, a second electrode, and a light emitting layer disposed between the first and second electrodes.
- a plurality of light emitting layers each emitting light having different peak wavelengths are laminated between the first and second electrodes, and each light emitting layer is directed from the predetermined light emitting layer toward the second electrode.
- the reflected light that is emitted and reflected back at the second electrode and the light that is emitted from the predetermined light emitting layer toward the first electrode are placed at a predetermined position where optical resonance occurs. It is arranged with a gap.
- the organic EL element is usually provided on a support substrate. Wiring and the like for supplying electric power to the organic EL element are formed on the support substrate.
- a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) substrate is used as a support substrate.
- Organic EL elements are roughly classified into so-called bottom emission type elements that emit light toward a supporting substrate and so-called top emission type elements that emit light toward the opposite side of the supporting substrate.
- the present invention can be applied to any type of device.
- FIG. 1 shows an element according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a view of the element of the first embodiment as viewed from the side, and schematically shows the layer structure and the progress of light.
- the element of the first embodiment is a bottom emission type element.
- the element of the first embodiment is provided on the support substrate 10.
- a substrate exhibiting optical transparency is used as the support substrate 10.
- the element according to the first embodiment includes a pair of electrodes including a first electrode 20 exhibiting optical transparency and a second electrode 60.
- the first electrode 20 exhibiting light transmittance of the pair of electrodes is disposed closer to the support substrate 10.
- a plurality of light emitting layers are provided between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- three light emitting layers of a red light emitting layer 41, a green light emitting layer 42, and a blue light emitting layer 43 are provided as a plurality of light emitting layers (hereinafter referred to as “the plurality of light emitting layers”). May be collectively referred to as a light emitting laminate 40).
- Each of the plurality of light emitting layers is a light emitting layer that emits light having different peak wavelengths.
- the plurality of light emitting layers are preferably disposed closer to the first electrode between the first and second electrodes as the light emitting layer emits light having a longer peak wavelength.
- it is preferable that the three light emitting layers are arranged in this order from the first electrode 20 side in the order of the red light emitting layer 41, the green light emitting layer 42, and the blue light emitting layer 43.
- the first electrode is an anode and the second electrode is a cathode.
- an anode is provided as the first electrode 10 exhibiting optical transparency
- a cathode is provided as the second electrode 60.
- a predetermined layer may be provided between the first electrode and the second electrode as necessary.
- the predetermined layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer. These predetermined layers can be provided as necessary, for example, between the electrode and the light emitting layer or between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer.
- the hole injection layer 30 is provided between the first electrode 20 and the red light emitting layer 41, and the green light emitting layer 43 and the second electrode are provided. 60 is provided with an electron injection layer 50.
- the element of the first embodiment includes the first electrode 20, the hole injection layer 30, the red light emitting layer 41, the green light emitting layer 42, the blue light emitting layer 43, the electron injection layer 50, and the second electrode 60 on the support substrate 10. Are stacked in this order.
- light means an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of about 1 nm to 1 mm, and showing light transparency means that at least a part of light incident on a predetermined member is transmitted through the predetermined member.
- light means light in the wavelength range of electromagnetic waves emitted from the light emitting layer, and usually means light in the wavelength range of visible light.
- a so-called multi-photon organic EL element in which a plurality of light-emitting units each including a light-emitting layer are stacked includes a plurality of light-emitting layers as in the single-photon element of the first embodiment.
- a member called a charge generation layer or an intermediate unit is provided between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer.
- the charge generation layer and the intermediate unit function as an electrode. That is, the charge generation layer generates holes and electrons when a voltage is applied, injects electrons into a layer adjacent to the anode side with respect to the charge generation layer, and also on the cathode side with respect to the charge generation layer. Holes are injected into the adjacent layer.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is a single photon type element, and a member called a charge generation layer or an intermediate unit that functions like an electrode is provided between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer. Instead, a plurality of light emitting layers are stacked.
- a member called a charge generation layer or an intermediate unit is not interposed between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer, and the red light emitting layer 41, the green light emitting layer 42, and the blue light emitting layer are used.
- the three layers 43 are laminated to form the light emitting laminate 40.
- Each light emitting layer is emitted from a predetermined light emitting layer toward the second electrode, reflected light that is reflected back from the second electrode, and emitted from the predetermined light emitting layer toward the first electrode.
- the light is disposed at a predetermined position where the light that drips causes optical resonance with a gap from the second electrode.
- the light emission intensity may be distributed in the thickness direction, and the portion of the second electrode that reflects the light is not limited to the surface but may be within the thickness.
- the light emission center portion that is the portion having the highest light emission intensity in the light emitting layer and the portion that reflects the light of the second electrode (not limited to the surface of the second electrode, may be a predetermined portion within the thickness thereof) ) Is preferably defined as the interval between the light emitting layer and the second electrode.
- the light emitting center portion in the light emitting layer arranged at the kth (symbol “k” represents a natural number) counted from the first electrode side, and the second electrode
- the distance from the portion that reflects the light is preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d k represented by the following formula (1).
- ⁇ k represents the peak wavelength of light emitted from the kth light emitting layer, and n is interposed between the kth light emitting layer and the second electrode).
- M k is a positive odd number.
- the second light-emitting layer arranged from the side corresponds to the blue light-emitting layer 42
- the distance between the light emission center portion of the light emitting layer and the light reflecting portion of the second electrode is represented by the above formula (1).
- the reflection that is emitted from the light emitting layer toward the second electrode reflected by the second electrode, and returned.
- the light and the light emitted from the light emitting layer toward the first electrode cause optical resonance, and the light strengthens each other.
- the main surface on the first electrode side of the two main surfaces of the second electrode 60 corresponds to a portion that reflects the light of the second electrode 60. It is referred to as surface 60a.
- the second electrode 60 is formed by a laminated body in which a flat conductive member (such as an ITO thin film, which will be described later) exhibiting light transmittance and a flat conductive member (such as an Al thin film, which will be described later) reflecting light are stacked.
- a flat conductive member configured and having light transmittance is disposed on the first electrode side, a flat conductive member exhibiting light transmittance, a flat conductive member that reflects light, and
- the boundary surface corresponds to a portion (reflecting surface) that reflects the light of the second electrode 60.
- the peak wavelengths ⁇ B , ⁇ G , and ⁇ R of light emitted from the blue light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the red light emitting layer are set to 460 nm, 520 nm, and 620 nm, respectively, and between the light emitting layer arranged in the kth position and the second electrode.
- the interval at which optical resonance occurs is theoretically obtained as the resonance distance d k by the above equation (1).
- Table 1 shows resonance distances d k at specific peak wavelengths of light emitted from the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer.
- the optical resonance effect is manifested not only in the resonance distance d k obtained by the above equation (1) but also in the vicinity thereof. Therefore, the distance between the light emission center portion in the light emitting layer arranged at the kth position from the first electrode side and the portion that reflects the light of the second electrode is 0 of the theoretically calculated resonance distance d k . It is preferably adjusted to 9.9 to 1.1 times, and more preferably 0.95 to 1.05 times.
- the distance d R between the light emission center portion of the red light emitting layer 41 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance satisfying 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 1. ing.
- the distance d G between the light emission center portion of the green light emitting layer 42 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance satisfying 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 2 .
- the distance d B between the light emission center portion of the blue light emitting layer 43 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance that satisfies 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 3 .
- the red light emitting layer 41 Since the distance d R between the light emission center portion of the red light emitting layer 41 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance satisfying 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 1 , the red light emitting layer 41 is connected to the first electrode. The light emitted toward 20 and the reflected light emitted toward the second electrode 60 and reflected by the reflecting surface 60a cause optical resonance, and can strengthen the red light.
- the distance d G between the light emission center portion of the green light emitting layer 42 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance satisfying 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 2 .
- the green light emitting layer 42 The light emitted toward the first electrode 20 and the reflected light emitted toward the second electrode 60 and reflected by the reflecting surface 60a cause optical resonance, and can strengthen the green light. .
- the distance d B between the light emission center portion of the blue light emitting layer 43 and the reflecting surface 60a is set to a distance satisfying 0.9 to 1.1 times the resonance distance d 3 , so that the blue light emitting layer 43
- the light emitted from the first electrode 20 toward the first electrode 20 and the reflected light emitted toward the second electrode 60 and reflected by the reflecting surface 60a cause optical resonance, and strengthen blue light. it can.
- each light emitting layer is arranged at a position where optical resonance occurs, the stacking order of each light emitting layer is not particularly limited.
- the plurality of light emitting layers are arranged closer to the first electrode as the light emitting layer emitting light having a longer peak wavelength between the first and second electrodes.
- the distance between the light emitting layer and the second electrode is preferably short, and more preferably set to the shortest distance among the distances at which optical resonance occurs. That is, the distance between the light emission center portion of each light emitting layer and the portion that reflects the light of the second electrode is more preferably about the resonance distance d 1 when m k is 1.
- the light emitting layer emitting light having a long peak wavelength is disposed closer to the first electrode. This corresponds to the fact that the respective light emitting layers are arranged from the second electrode side in order of decreasing resonance distance d 1 when m k is 1.
- the distance between the light emission central portion of each light emitting layer and the portion that reflects the light of the second electrode is about the resonance distance d 1 when m k is 1.
- a predetermined layer such as a charge generation layer is provided between the light-emitting layer and the light-emitting layer.
- a charge generation layer, a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, or the like is provided as the predetermined layer.
- m k 1
- the difference in resonance distance d k between the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer is about 10 nm.
- each thickness needs to be about 10 nm.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer itself needs to be extremely reduced by the thickness of the charge generation layer or the like, there arises a problem that the light emission efficiency is lowered.
- the organic EL element of the present invention that is a single photon type, there is no problem in the multiphoton type organic EL element, and it is calculated from the equation (1) when m k is 1, as described above.
- Each light emitting layer can be arranged so as to have a resonance distance d 1 or so, whereby the light interference effect can be most effectively exhibited.
- m k is set to a predetermined positive odd value for each light emitting layer, and may be a numerical value common to all the light emitting layers, or may be different for each light emitting layer.
- the m k of the red light-emitting layer and 5 and 3 m k of the green light-emitting layer may be 1 to m k of the blue light-emitting layer and a red emission layer, a green emission layer, the m k of the blue light-emitting layer, respectively It may be 1.
- the plurality of light emitting layers between the first and second electrodes are arranged closer to the first electrode as the light emitting layer emitting light having a longer peak wavelength, and further, the first electrode It is preferable that 20 is an anode and the second electrode 60 is a cathode. In this case, the light emitting layer that emits light having a longer peak wavelength is disposed closer to the anode (first electrode 20 in the first embodiment).
- each light emitting layer 41, 42, 43 is arranged closer to the anode as the light emitting layer emitting light having a longer peak wavelength. As a result, the light emitting layer made of a compound having lower HOMO and LUMO is closer to the anode. Will be placed.
- the light emitting layers 41, 42, and 43 are arranged so that the HOMO and the LUMO sequentially increase from the anode side toward the cathode, so that holes and electrons injected from the anode side and the cathode are efficiently generated in the device. Can be transported. Accordingly, it is presumed that an organic EL element having a small lightness change with respect to a change in voltage applied to the electrode and having a high light emission efficiency can be realized.
- the width of the change can be suppressed to 0.05 or less.
- the range of the applied voltage when changing the voltage to be applied is usually in the range where the luminance is 100cd / m 2 ⁇ 10000cd / m 2, is a range of at least 4000cd / m 2 ⁇ 6000cd / m 2 .
- the light extracted outside is the light in which the light from each light emitting layer 41, 42, 43 is superimposed.
- the chromaticity coordinates are defined in accordance with CIE1931 defined by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE).
- each light emitting layer constituting the light emitting layer is preferably as thin as the light emitting layer disposed closer to the anode. That is, in the element of the first embodiment, it is preferable that the green light emitting layer 42 is thicker than the red light emitting layer 41 and the blue light emitting layer 43 is thicker than the green light emitting layer 42.
- the thickness of the red light emitting layer 41 is preferably 5 nm to 20 nm, and more preferably 10 nm to 15 nm.
- the thickness of the green light emitting layer 42 is preferably 5 nm to 30 nm, and more preferably 15 nm to 25 nm.
- the thickness of the blue light emitting layer 43 is preferably 5 nm to 100 nm, and more preferably 50 nm to 65 nm.
- a predetermined layer different from the light emitting layer may be provided between the first electrode and the second electrode as necessary.
- a predetermined layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer.
- the distance between the light emission center portion in the light emitting layer and the portion that reflects the light of the second electrode can be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the light emitting layer, but only the thickness of the light emitting layer is controlled. Instead, the distance between the light emitting layer and the second electrode may be adjusted by controlling the thickness of a predetermined layer interposed between the light emitting layer and the second electrode.
- the thickness of each light emitting layer 41, 42, 43 is set.
- the light emitting layers 41, 42, and 43 can be disposed at positions where optical resonance occurs.
- FIG. 2 is a polar coordinate display of the intensity distribution of light emitted from the organic EL element.
- FIG. 2 shows a comparison of the intensity distribution of two types of light, light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs and light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur.
- the intensity distribution of light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs is represented by a substantially elliptical line r 1 elongated in the vertical axis direction, and the intensity of light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur.
- the distribution is represented by a substantially elliptical line r 2 elongated in the horizontal direction.
- the length of the straight line connecting O represents the intensity of light emitted in the ⁇ direction.
- the values of the intersection points p 1 and p 2 between the substantially elliptical lines r 1 and r 2 and the vertical axis represent the intensity of light emitted in the front direction since ⁇ is “0”.
- the optical resonance is caused by resonance between the reflected light that is emitted toward the second electrode and reflected by the second electrode and the light that is emitted toward the first electrode, and is therefore mainly emitted in the front direction.
- the light that falls is strengthened.
- the effect of optical resonance is difficult to be exhibited, so that the light is not intensified by reflected light compared to the front direction. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 2, the light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs has a substantially elliptical shape elongated in the vertical axis direction, and the intensity of the light emitted in the front direction increases.
- the light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur does not particularly increase the intensity of the light emitted in the front direction by optical resonance, and thus the light is emitted in a wide range.
- optical resonance it is possible to particularly increase the light emission intensity in the front direction and narrow the light emission range.
- the optical resonance occurs for light of a specific wavelength. Since light having a wavelength that does not satisfy the resonance condition cannot be intensified by resonance, light having a specific wavelength that causes optical resonance is particularly intensified, resulting in a narrowed spectrum. In the element of the first embodiment, such a spectrum narrowing occurs for each light emitting layer.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the color of light emitted from each light emitting layer of the organic EL element by color coordinates.
- FIG. 3 shows a contrast between two types of light colors, light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs and light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur.
- light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs is represented by a large triangle L 2
- light emitted from an organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur is represented by a small triangle L 1 .
- FIG. 3 also shows a spectrum locus t1 that is a horseshoe-like curve and a straight pure purple locus t2 that connects both ends of the spectrum locus t1.
- the vertices R, G, and B of the triangle represent the colors of light emitted from the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer, respectively. Since the light emitted from the organic EL element is a light obtained by superimposing the light emitted from the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer, the intensity of the light emitted from each light emitting layer is appropriately adjusted to obtain a predetermined light. By adding and mixing the colors at the ratio, an organic EL element that emits light of a predetermined color within a region surrounded by a triangle can be realized. Therefore, the wider the triangle shown in FIG. 3 is, the wider the range of selection of colors that can be emitted as light.
- the spectrum locus t1 represents a color having a spectrum width of zero. Therefore, when the spectrum is narrowed by optical resonance (that is, when the spectrum width approaches zero), the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer.
- the vertices of the triangles representing the colors of light emitted from each move toward the spectrum locus t1. Therefore, on the color coordinates, the triangle L 2 representing the color of light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance occurs is a small triangle L 1 representing the color of light emitted from the organic EL element in which optical resonance does not occur. On the other hand, it spreads closer to the spectrum locus t1.
- the organic EL element configured to generate optical resonance in this way, the triangle L 2 representing the color of light emitted from each light emitting layer on the color coordinate is expanded, so that selection of a color that can be emitted as light is possible.
- the range of colors that can be reproduced increases.
- the spectrum is narrowed by utilizing optical resonance, whereby the proportion of light that does not pass through the color filter, for example, the bottom of the peak of the spectrum (envelope).
- the ratio of light corresponding to the portion can be reduced, whereby the loss of light due to the color filter can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency of light emitted from the element can be improved.
- the peak wavelength of light emitted from the light emitting layer refers to a wavelength at which the light intensity is highest when the emitted light is viewed in the wavelength region.
- the red light emitting layer 41 one having a peak wavelength of, for example, 580 to 660 nm, preferably 600 to 640 nm can be used.
- the green light emitting layer 42 has a peak wavelength of, for example, 500 nm to 560 nm, preferably 520 nm to 540 nm.
- the blue light emitting layer 43 has a peak wavelength of, for example, 400 nm to 500 nm, preferably 420 nm to 480 nm.
- White light can be obtained by superimposing the light emitted from the three light emitting layers 41, 42, and 43 that emit light at such peak wavelengths, and therefore, the red light emitting layer 41, the green light emitting layer 42, and the blue light emitting can be obtained.
- the layer 43 the element of the first embodiment that emits white light can be realized.
- Each light emitting layer is composed of an organic compound that emits fluorescence and / or phosphorescence as a main component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a light emitting organic compound).
- the light emitting organic compound is classified into a low molecular weight compound and a high molecular weight compound, and a light emitting high molecular weight organic compound suitable for the coating method is preferable.
- a metal complex-based light-emitting material or the like may be added to the light-emitting layer, or an inorganic material may be added.
- a polymer is a compound having a polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight of 10 3 or more.
- the upper limit of the number average molecular weight of the polymer is usually 10 8 or less in terms of polystyrene.
- the light emitting layer may contain arbitrary components, such as a dopant.
- the dopant is added for the purpose of improving the luminous efficiency and changing the emission wavelength. Examples of the light emitting material mainly constituting each light emitting layer include those shown below.
- dye-based light-emitting materials include cyclopentamine derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivative compounds, triphenylamine derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, pyrazoloquinoline derivatives, distyrylbenzene derivatives, distyrylarylene derivatives, pyrrole derivatives, thiophenes. Mention may be made, for example, of ring compounds, pyridine ring compounds, perinone derivatives, perylene derivatives, oligothiophene derivatives, oxadiazole dimers, quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, pyrazoline dimers and the like.
- Metal complex light emitting materials include rare earth metals such as Tb, Eu and Dy; metals such as Al, Zn, Be and Ir, etc. as the central metal, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, phenylpyridine, phenylbenzimidazole And a metal complex having a quinoline structure or the like as a ligand.
- metal complexes having light emission from triplet excited state such as iridium complexes and platinum complexes, aluminum quinolinol complexes, benzoquinolinol beryllium complexes, benzoxazolyl zinc complexes, benzothiazole zinc complexes, azomethyl zinc complexes , Porphyrin zinc complex, europium complex, etc., which are polymerized.
- polymer light emitting material examples include polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polysilane derivatives, polyacetylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and polyvinylcarbazole derivatives.
- Examples of the light emitting material constituting the red light emitting layer include, among the above light emitting materials, coumarin derivatives, thiophene ring compounds, and polymers thereof, polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and the like. Among these, polymer materials such as polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polythiophene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives are preferable.
- Examples of the light emitting material constituting the green light emitting layer include quinacridone derivatives, coumarin derivatives, thiophene ring compounds and polymers thereof among the above light emitting materials; polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, and the like. Of these, polymer materials such as polyparaphenylene vinylene derivatives and polyfluorene derivatives are preferred.
- Examples of the material constituting the blue light emitting layer may include polymers of distyrylarylene derivatives and / or oxadiazole derivatives, polyvinylcarbazole derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyfluorene derivatives, etc. . Of these, polymer materials such as polyvinyl carbazole derivatives, polyparaphenylene derivatives, and polyfluorene derivatives are preferred.
- the light emitting material constituting each light emitting layer may further include a dopant material in addition to the above light emitting material, for example, for the purpose of improving the light emission efficiency and changing the light emission wavelength.
- dopant materials include perylene derivatives, coumarin derivatives, rubrene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, squalium derivatives, porphyrin derivatives, styryl dyes, tetracene derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, decacyclene, phenoxazone, and the like.
- the element of the first embodiment by providing the three light-emitting layers 41, 42 and 43 as described above, it is possible to emit a predetermined color of light in the triangle L 2 shown in FIG.
- the present invention is not only applied to an organic EL device having three light emitting layers, but can also be suitably applied to an organic EL device having two or four or more light emitting layers.
- First electrode> a light transmissive conductive member is used.
- the first electrode is provided as an anode or a cathode.
- the first electrode 20 is provided on the support substrate 10 as an anode.
- the first electrode is made of a thin film such as a metal oxide, metal sulfide, or metal, and an optimum material is appropriately selected for each anode or cathode.
- the anode is a thin film made of indium oxide, zinc oxide, tin oxide, ITO, indium zinc oxide (abbreviated as IZO), gold, platinum, silver, copper, or the like.
- IZO indium zinc oxide
- an organic conductive thin film such as polyaniline or a derivative thereof, polythiophene or a derivative thereof may be used as the anode.
- the first electrode when the first electrode is provided as the cathode, it is preferable to use a thin film made of a material having a low work function, easy electron injection into the light emitting layer, and high electrical conductivity.
- a thin film made of an earth metal, a transition metal, a group 13 metal of the periodic table, or the like is preferably used.
- the thickness of the first electrode is appropriately set in consideration of the light transmittance and the electric resistance. For example, the thickness of the first electrode is set to such a thickness that a predetermined ratio of light is transmitted.
- Second electrode> a conductive member having an optical characteristic of reflecting incident light toward the first electrode is used.
- the second electrode is provided as an anode or a cathode.
- the polarity of the second electrode is different from the polarity of the first electrode.
- the second electrode 60 is stacked on the electron injection layer 50 as a cathode.
- the second electrode may be configured using a material appropriately selected from the materials exemplified as the first electrode according to the polarity. For example, an electrode that reflects light may be formed by increasing the thickness.
- a conductive thin film having high conductivity such as Al, Au and Ag and reflecting light and a conductive thin film (for example, ITO thin film) exhibiting light transmittance light is reflected at the interface between the two.
- You may comprise an electrode.
- the second electrode is formed by laminating a conductive thin film that reflects light and a conductive thin film that transmits light, the conductive thin film that transmits light is usually disposed closer to the first electrode.
- the light reflectance of the second electrode with respect to the light emitted from the light emitting layer toward the second electrode is usually 50% or more, preferably 80% or more, and more preferably 90% or more.
- a predetermined layer different from the light emitting layer may be provided between the pair of electrodes as necessary.
- the predetermined layer include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, a hole block layer, an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and an electron block layer.
- the element of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 includes a hole injection layer 30 and an electron injection layer 50 as predetermined layers.
- Examples of the layer provided as necessary between the light-emitting laminate formed by laminating a plurality of light-emitting layers and the anode include layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, and an electron block layer. Can be mentioned.
- a hole injection layer 30 is provided between the first electrode (anode) 20 and the light emitting laminate 40.
- a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer are provided between the anode and the light emitting laminate 40, one layer disposed near the anode is referred to as a hole injection layer, and is disposed near the light emitting laminate 40.
- the other layer is called a hole transport layer.
- Examples of the layer provided between the cathode and the light emitting laminate include an electron injection layer, an electron transport layer, and a hole blocking layer.
- an electron injection layer 50 is provided between the second electrode (cathode) 60 and the light emitting laminate 40.
- an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer are provided between the cathode and the light emitting laminate, one layer disposed near the cathode is referred to as an electron injection layer, and the other layer disposed near the light emitting laminate is It is called an electron transport layer.
- the support substrate is a flat substrate, and one or a plurality of organic EL elements are mounted on the support substrate.
- the support substrate may be a rigid substrate or a flexible substrate.
- glass, plastic, polymer film, silicon plate, metal plate, or a laminate of these is used.
- light is emitted toward the support substrate 10, and thus the support substrate 10 is configured by a member that exhibits light transmittance.
- a sealing substrate (not shown) that normally covers the organic EL element and seals the element is provided on the support substrate.
- the sealing substrate for example, the same members as those exemplified in the description of the support substrate can be used.
- the hole injection layer is a layer having a function of improving hole injection efficiency from the anode.
- the hole injection material constituting the hole injection layer for example, phenylamine, starburst amine, phthalocyanine, oxide such as vanadium oxide, molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, aluminum oxide, amorphous carbon, polyaniline, Examples thereof include polythiophene derivatives.
- the thickness of the hole injection layer is appropriately set in consideration of various required properties and film formability, and is, for example, 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm. .
- the hole transport layer is a layer having a function of improving hole injection of one or more layers selected from an anode, a hole injection layer, and a hole transport layer closer to the anode.
- Examples of the hole transport material constituting the hole transport layer include polyvinyl carbazole or derivatives thereof, polysilane or derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain, pyrazoline derivatives, arylamine derivatives, stilbene. Derivatives, triphenyldiamine derivatives, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyarylamines or derivatives thereof, polypyrrole or derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) or derivatives thereof, and poly (2,5-thienylene) Vinylene) or a derivative thereof.
- hole transport materials polyvinylcarbazole or derivatives thereof, polysilane or derivatives thereof, polysiloxane derivatives having aromatic amines in the side chain or main chain, polyaniline or derivatives thereof, polythiophene or derivatives thereof, polyarylamines or Preferred are high molecular hole transport materials such as derivatives thereof, poly (p-phenylene vinylene) or derivatives thereof, or poly (2,5-thienylene vinylene) or derivatives thereof, polyvinyl carbazole or derivatives thereof, polysilane or derivatives thereof. More preferred are polysiloxane derivatives having an aromatic amine in the side chain or main chain. In the case of a low-molecular hole transport material, it is preferably used by being dispersed in a polymer binder.
- the thickness of the hole transport layer is appropriately set in consideration of required properties and film formability, and is, for example, 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm. .
- the electron blocking layer is a layer having a function of blocking electron transport.
- the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer may also serve as the electron block layer.
- As the electron blocking layer for example, various materials exemplified as the material for the hole injection layer or the hole transport layer can be used.
- the electron injection layer is a layer having a function of improving electron injection efficiency from the cathode.
- the electron injection material constituting the electron injection layer is appropriately selected according to, for example, the type of the light emitting layer and the type of the cathode.
- Examples of the material constituting the electron injection layer include alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, alloys containing one or more of the metals, oxides of the metals, halides and carbonates, and mixtures of the substances. obtain.
- Examples of alkali metals or oxides, halides, and carbonates thereof include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, lithium oxide, lithium fluoride, sodium oxide, sodium fluoride, potassium oxide, potassium fluoride, and rubidium oxide. , Rubidium fluoride, cesium oxide, cesium fluoride, lithium carbonate and the like.
- alkaline earth metals or oxides, halides and carbonates thereof include magnesium, calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium oxide, magnesium fluoride, calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, barium oxide, barium fluoride, Examples thereof include strontium oxide, strontium fluoride, and magnesium carbonate.
- the electron injection layer may be a laminate in which two or more layers are laminated. Specific examples of the laminate may include LiF / Ca.
- the thickness of the electron injection layer is preferably about 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
- Electron transport layer (not shown) Examples of the electron transport material constituting the electron transport layer include oxadiazole derivatives, anthraquinodimethane or derivatives thereof, benzoquinone or derivatives thereof, naphthoquinone or derivatives thereof, anthraquinones or derivatives thereof, tetracyanoanthraquinodimethane or derivatives thereof. Derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenyldicyanoethylene or derivatives thereof, diphenoquinone derivatives, or metal complexes of 8-hydroxyquinoline or derivatives thereof, polyquinoline or derivatives thereof, polyquinoxaline or derivatives thereof, polyfluorene or derivatives thereof, and the like.
- the thickness of the electron transport layer is appropriately set in consideration of various required properties and film formability, and is, for example, 1 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably 2 nm to 500 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 200 nm. .
- predetermined constituent layers for example, an insulating layer having a thickness of 2 nm or less may be provided adjacent to the electrode in order to improve adhesion with the electrode and improve charge injection from the electrode. Further, as another predetermined layer, for example, a thin buffer layer may be inserted between the respective layers in order to improve adhesion at the interface, prevent mixing, and the like.
- the organic EL element has various layer configurations as its embodiment. Specific examples are shown below.
- the light emitting laminate may be constituted by only a plurality of light emitting layers, or a predetermined layer may be interposed between the light emitting layers.
- the element of the first embodiment is a so-called bottom emission type element that emits light from the support substrate 10 side as an embodiment, and a light-transmitting first electrode provided near the support substrate 10 is provided as an anode. Element. As other embodiment of this invention, the following forms can be mentioned from the direction which the light radiate
- the organic EL element has a configuration including an anode, a hole injection layer, a light emitting laminate, an electron injection layer, and a cathode.
- the configuration is not limited to (j) to (l), and for example, any one of the layer configurations (a) to (i) may be adopted.
- the organic EL device of the present invention can be produced by sequentially laminating each member constituting the device on a support substrate.
- There are various methods for forming a layer and from among these methods, for example, an optimal formation method can be appropriately selected according to the material of the layer to be formed, the properties of the underlying layer, and the like.
- the organic EL device of the present invention includes a plurality of light emitting layers.
- the order in which the light emitting layers are stacked is not particularly limited, but the light emitting layers are preferably arranged in the above-described order with respect to the first electrode according to the peak wavelength of light emitted from each light emitting layer.
- Each light emitting layer can be formed by, for example, applying a coating solution in which the material constituting the above-described light emitting layer is dissolved in a solvent, and further solidifying this.
- Any solvent may be used as long as it dissolves the material constituting the light-emitting layer.
- water chlorine-based solvents such as chloroform, methylene chloride, and dichloroethane
- ether-based solvents such as tetrahydrofuran
- aromatic carbonization such as toluene and xylene.
- Examples thereof include hydrogen solvents, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ethyl cellosolve acetate.
- a coating method for forming a light emitting layer for example, a spin coating method, a casting method, a micro gravure coating method, a gravure coating method, a bar coating method, a roll coating method, a wire bar coating method, a dip coating method, a spray coating method, Examples thereof include a screen printing method, a flexographic printing method, an offset printing method, and an ink jet printing method.
- a coating solution using these coating methods, and further solidifying the coating solution.
- the previously formed light emitting layer may be dissolved in the coating solution for the light emitting layer formed thereon. For this reason, it is preferable to previously insolubilize the previously formed light emitting layer in the coating solution.
- the light emitting layer may be coated by using a coating solution containing a polymerizable compound, and then the polymerizable compound may be polymerized by performing treatment such as light irradiation and heating to insolubilize the light emitting layer.
- a polymerizable compound may be used for the light emitting material, and a polymerizable compound may be added to the coating solution separately from the light emitting material.
- Examples of the method for producing the anode include a vacuum deposition method, a sputtering method, a CVD method, an ion plating method, a laser ablation method, a laminating method for pressing a metal thin film, and a plating method.
- the organic EL element is further provided with a predetermined layer different from the light emitting layer as necessary.
- a predetermined layer different from the light emitting layer as necessary.
- an optimal formation method can be appropriately selected according to the material of the layer to be formed, the properties of the underlying layer, and the like. An embodiment of a method for forming these layers is shown below.
- the film can be formed by a coating method in which a coating solution in which the above-described hole injection material is dissolved in a solvent is applied.
- a coating solution in which the above-described hole injection material is dissolved in a solvent is applied.
- Any solvent may be used as long as it dissolves the hole injecting material.
- solvents Mention may be made of solvents, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ethyl cellosolve acetate.
- Examples of the coating method for forming the hole injection layer include spin coating, casting, micro gravure coating, gravure coating, bar coating, roll coating, wire bar coating, dip coating, and spray coating. And the like, screen printing methods, flexographic printing methods, offset printing methods, and inkjet printing methods. By using one of these coating methods, the hole injection layer can be formed by coating the above-described coating solution on the support substrate on which the anode is formed.
- a method for forming a hole transport layer for a low molecular hole transport material, for example, a method by film formation from a mixed solution with a polymer binder can be cited.
- a coating method by film formation from a solution for example, a coating method by film formation from a solution may be mentioned.
- any solvent that dissolves a hole transport material may be used.
- a chlorine-based solvent such as chloroform, methylene chloride, or dichloroethane
- an ether-based solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, toluene, xylene, or the like.
- Mention may be made of aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, ketone solvents such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, and ester solvents such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and ethyl cellosolve acetate.
- a coating method similar to the method mentioned as the method for forming the hole injection layer may be used.
- the polymer binder to be mixed is preferably one that does not extremely inhibit charge transport.
- the polymer binder those having weak absorption with respect to visible light can be suitably used.
- the polymer binder include polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, and polysiloxane.
- Examples of the method for forming the electron injection layer include a coating method such as a printing method, a vapor deposition method, and a sputtering method.
- the film formation method of the electron transport layer in the case of a low molecular electron transport material, for example, a vacuum deposition method from powder or a method by film formation from a solution or a molten state can be used.
- a polymer electron transport material for example, a method of film formation from a solution or a molten state may be mentioned.
- a polymer binder may be further used in combination.
- a method for forming an electron transport layer from a solution for example, a film formation method similar to the method for forming a hole transport layer from a solution described above may be used.
- a form in which a predetermined layer provided as necessary between the light emitting layers and a plurality of light emitting layers are formed by a coating method can be mentioned, and more preferable.
- a form the form which forms all the layers provided between a 1st electrode and a 2nd electrode by the apply
- the multiphoton organic EL element includes a plurality of light emitting layers.
- the multiphoton organic EL element is provided between the light emitting layer and the light emitting layer.
- a member called a charge generation layer or an intermediate unit is provided.
- the multi-photon type organic EL device is usually provided with a layer such as a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer in each light emitting unit, the device configuration is complicated compared to the single photon type device, and the manufacturing process is reduced. To increase. In addition, a vacuum process is usually required to form the charge generation layer and the like.
- a coating method with a simpler process than a vacuum deposition method that requires a vacuum process is not suitable for coating film formation in a vacuum. Therefore, in forming a multi-photon organic EL element, when the light emitting layer is formed by a coating method, a process at atmospheric pressure for forming the light emitting layer and a vacuum process for forming the charge generation layer and the like are alternated. Therefore, even if a coating method with a simple process is applied to the formation of the light emitting layer, it is difficult to simplify the manufacturing process.
- the single photon type organic EL device of the present invention does not require a vacuum process for forming a charge generation layer during the process of forming a plurality of light emitting layers, thereby simplifying the manufacturing process. Can do.
- an organic EL device can be easily produced by forming all the layers provided between the electrodes by a coating method.
- the light emitting layer already formed before the formation of the charge generation layer may be damaged in the vacuum process. Since the organic EL element does not require a charge generation layer or the like, the light emitting layer can be prevented from being damaged in the manufacturing process.
- the light emitting device of the present invention includes one or a plurality of the above-described organic EL elements.
- the light emitting device is used for, for example, a light source of a scanner; a planar light source used as a backlight of a liquid crystal display device; an illumination device; a display device. Since the light emitting device includes the organic EL element having the above-described characteristics, it is suitably used as a white illumination device, a monochrome display device, a full color display device, or the like.
- the light-emitting device may further include a light scattering layer and a color filter at a position where light emitted from the organic EL element passes.
- the light scattering layer and the color filter are provided, for example, at the interface with air.
- a so-called TFT substrate on which a transistor element for driving an organic EL element is formed may be used as a support substrate. That is, the light emitting device may constitute, for example, an active matrix display device.
- Luminous efficiency can be further improved by constituting a white illumination device using the organic EL element of the present invention. Moreover, since the intensity
- the monochrome display device including the organic EL element of the present invention can increase the emission ratio in the front direction for all three primary colors. Therefore, the monochrome display device can achieve a predetermined luminance at a lower current as a device composed of a single photon type organic EL element. As a result, the light emission efficiency is high and the power consumption is low. A low display device can be realized.
- the full-color display device of the present invention includes the organic EL element of the present invention and a color filter disposed at a position where light emitted from the organic EL element passes.
- a plurality of pixels are formed by the organic EL element of the present invention, and a color filter is provided on the light extraction side. Since the organic EL element of the present invention is adjusted to cause optical resonance with respect to the light emitted from each light emitting layer as described above, the spectrum width is narrow for each of red light, green light, and blue light, And strong light can be obtained.
- the full-color display device of the present invention can be realized as a high-luminance full-color display device although it is a display device using a single-photon organic EL element having a simple structure as a light-emitting element.
- the effect of optical resonance is obtained for each light emitted from each light emitting layer of the organic EL element of the present invention, and the spectrum is narrowed, so that it is emitted from the light emitting layer as described above.
- the color of light is expressed by color coordinates, the region of the color of light that can be emitted from the organic EL element is widened. For this reason, by setting it as the display apparatus which uses a color filter together with the organic EL element of this invention, the freedom degree of selection of the color of the light radiate
- the full-color display device of the present invention has excellent light emission characteristics as described above and can be manufactured by a simple manufacturing process. Since the display device is provided with organic EL elements having the same configuration as each other as pixels, when forming a plurality of pixels, it is possible to form all the layers constituting the organic EL elements in the same process in common. Each layer can be easily formed by an existing thin film forming method such as a spin coating method, a nozzle coating method, a capillary coating method, a flexographic printing method, and an ink jet method. Thus, since it is not necessary to color-divide for every pixel unit, a some organic EL element can be manufactured simply.
- partition walls necessary for coating and the forming process thereof are not essential, and high-precision positioning for coating is also unnecessary.
- high-precision positioning for coating is also unnecessary.
- a defect due to misalignment may occur.
- high-precision color separation is not required, a defect due to color separation does not occur.
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Abstract
Description
(1)白色光を放つ発光層を備える有機EL素子からなる発光装置。
(2)赤色光を放つ発光層(以下、「赤色発光層」ということがある。)を備える有機EL素子と、青色光を放つ発光層(以下、「青色発光層」ということがある。)を備える有機EL素子と、緑色光を放つ発光層(以下、「緑色発光層」ということがある。)を備える有機EL素子との3つの有機EL素子を基板上に並べて配置した発光装置であって、各有機EL素子から放たれる赤、青及び緑の3種類の光を重ね合わせることにより白色光を放つ、発光装置。
(3)赤色発光層を備える発光ユニットと、青色発光層を備える発光ユニットと、緑色発光層を備える発光ユニットとの3つの発光ユニットを、いわゆる中間ユニットを介して積層したマルチフォトン型の有機EL素子からなる発光装置。
〔1〕 光透過性を示す第1電極と、
第2電極と、
前記第1および第2電極の間に配置される発光層とを備えるシングルフォトン型の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記第1および第2電極の間には、それぞれが互いにピーク波長の異なる光を放つ複数の発光層が積層され、
各発光層はそれぞれ、所定の発光層から前記第2電極に向けて放たれ、前記第2電極において反射されて戻ってくる反射光と、当該所定の発光層から前記第1電極に向けて放たれる光とが光共振を生じる所定の位置に、前記第2電極との間隔をあけて配置されている、
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔2〕 前記第1および第2電極の間において前記複数の発光層は、ピーク波長の長い光を放つ発光層ほど、前記第1電極寄りに配置されている、上記〔1〕に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔3〕 前記第1電極が陽極であり、前記第2電極が陰極である、上記〔2〕に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔4〕 前記複数の発光層は、赤色光を放つ発光層、緑色光を放つ発光層および青色光を放つ発光層である、上記〔1〕から〔3〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔5〕 前記複数の発光層のうちで、前記第1電極側から数えてk番目(記号「k」は自然数を表す。)に配置されている発光層内の発光中心部位と、前記第2電極の光を反射する部位との間隔が、下記式(1)に示される共振距離dkの0.9~1.1倍の範囲である、上記〔1〕から〔4〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔6〕 前記複数の発光層が、塗布法により形成されてなる、上記〔1〕から〔5〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
〔7〕 上記〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備える発光装置。
〔8〕 上記〔1〕から〔6〕のいずれか一項に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子と、前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の放つ光が通過する位置に配置されたカラーフィルターとを備える表示装置。
20 第1電極
30 正孔注入層
40 発光積層体
41 赤色発光層
42 緑色発光層
43 青色発光層
50 電子注入層
60 第2電極
60a 反射面
本発明の有機EL素子は、光透過性を示す第1電極と、第2電極と、前記第1および第2電極の間に配置される発光層とを備えるシングルフォトン型の有機EL素子であって、前記第1および第2電極の間には、それぞれが互いにピーク波長の異なる光を放つ複数の発光層が積層され、各発光層はそれぞれ、所定の発光層から前記第2電極に向けて放たれ、前記第2電極において反射されて戻ってくる反射光と、当該所定の発光層から前記第1電極に向けて放たれる光とが光共振を生じる所定の位置に、前記第2電極との間隔をあけて配置されている。
それぞれが発光層を備える複数の発光ユニットを複数段積層したいわゆるマルチフォトン型の有機EL素子は、シングルフォトン型の第1実施形態の素子と同様に複数の発光層を備えるが、第1実施形態の素子とは異なり、例えば電荷発生層、中間ユニットと呼ばれる部材が発光層と発光層との間に設けられる。この電荷発生層及び中間ユニットは電極のような機能を発揮する。すなわち電荷発生層は、電圧が印加されたときに正孔と電子とを発生し、電荷発生層に対して陽極側に隣接する層に電子を注入するとともに、電荷発生層に対して陰極側に隣接する層に正孔を注入する。
第1電極には光透過性を示す導電性部材が用いられる。第1電極は陽極または陰極として設けられる。第1実施形態の素子では、支持基板10の上に陽極として第1電極20が設けられる。
第2電極には、入射光を第1電極に向けて反射する光学特性を有する導電性部材が用いられる。第2電極は、陽極または陰極として設けられる。第2電極の極性は、第1電極の極性とは異なる。第1実施形態の素子では、陰極として第2電極60が電子注入層50の上に積層されている。第2電極は、その極性に応じて、上記第1電極として例示した材料の中から適宜選択した材料を用いて構成し得る。例えば厚みを厚くすることによって光を反射する電極を構成してもよい。また例えばAl、Au及びAgなどの導電性が高く、光を反射する導電性薄膜と、光透過性を示す導電性薄膜(例えばITO薄膜)とを積層することによって両者の界面で光を反射する電極を構成してもよい。なお光を反射する導電性薄膜と、光を透過する導電性薄膜とを積層することによって第2電極を構成する場合には通常、光を透過する導電性薄膜を第1電極寄りに配置する。
前述したように有機EL素子は、必要に応じて発光層とは異なる所定の層を、一対の電極間に設けてもよい。この所定の層としては、例えば、正孔注入層、正孔輸送層、正孔ブロック層、電子注入層、電子輸送層および電子ブロック層などを挙げ得る。図1に示す第1実施形態の素子は所定の層として正孔注入層30および電子注入層50を備える。
支持基板は平板状の基板であり、支持基板上に1または複数の有機EL素子が搭載される。支持基板は、リジッド基板でも、フレキシブル基板でもよい。支持基板には例えば、ガラス、プラスチック、高分子フィルム、シリコン板、金属板、これらを積層したものなどが用いられる。第1実施形態の素子では、支持基板10に向けて光を放つので、支持基板10は光透過性を示す部材によって構成される。
正孔注入層は陽極からの正孔注入効率を改善する機能を有する層である。正孔注入層を構成する正孔注入材料としては、例えば、フェニルアミン系、スターバースト型アミン系、フタロシアニン系、酸化バナジウム、酸化モリブデン、酸化ルテニウム、酸化アルミニウム等の酸化物、アモルファスカーボン、ポリアニリン、ポリチオフェン誘導体などを挙げ得る。
正孔輸送層は、陽極、正孔注入層、及び陽極により近い正孔輸送層から選ばれる1又は2以上の層の、正孔注入を改善する機能を有する層である。
電子ブロック層は、電子の輸送を堰き止める機能を有する層である。正孔注入層または正孔輸送層が、電子ブロック層を兼ねることがある。電子ブロック層としては例えば上記正孔注入層または正孔輸送層の材料として例示した各種材料を用い得る。
電子注入層は陰極からの電子注入効率を改善する機能を有する層である。
電子輸送層を構成する電子輸送材料としては、例えば、オキサジアゾール誘導体、アントラキノジメタン若しくはその誘導体、ベンゾキノン若しくはその誘導体、ナフトキノン若しくはその誘導体、アントラキノン若しくはその誘導体、テトラシアノアンスラキノジメタン若しくはその誘導体、フルオレノン誘導体、ジフェニルジシアノエチレン若しくはその誘導体、ジフェノキノン誘導体、又は8-ヒドロキシキノリン若しくはその誘導体の金属錯体、ポリキノリン若しくはその誘導体、ポリキノキサリン若しくはその誘導体、ポリフルオレン若しくはその誘導体等を挙げ得る。
さらに他の所定の層として、例えば電極との密着性向上、電極からの電荷注入の改善のために、電極に隣接して厚みが2nm以下の絶縁層などを設けてもよい。さらに他の所定の層として、例えば、界面の密着性向上、混合の防止等のために、各層間に薄いバッファー層を挿入してもよい。
上述したように有機EL素子はその実施形態として様々な層構成のものがある。その具体的な例を以下に示す。
(a)陽極/発光積層体/陰極
(b)陽極/正孔注入層/発光積層体/陰極
(c)陽極/発光積層体/電子注入層/陰極
(d)陽極/正孔注入層/発光積層体/電子注入層/陰極
(e)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光積層体/陰極
(f)陽極/発光積層体/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(g)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光積層体/電子注入層/陰極
(h)陽極/正孔注入層/発光積層体/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(i)陽極/正孔注入層/正孔輸送層/発光積層体/電子輸送層/電子注入層/陰極
(ここで、記号「/」は、記号「/」を挟む2つの層が隣接して積層されることを示す。以下、同じ。)
第1実施形態の素子はその実施形態として、支持基板10側から光を出射するいわゆるボトムエミッション型の素子であり、かつ支持基板10寄りに設けられる光透過性を示す第1電極が陽極として設けられる素子である。本発明の他の実施形態としては、例えば、光の出射する向きおよび電極の極性から、次のような形態を挙げ得る。
支持基板/第2電極(陽極)/正孔注入層/発光積層体/電子注入層/第1電極(陰極)
(k)ボトムエミッション型
支持基板/第1電極(陰極)/電子注入層/発光積層体/正孔注入層/第2電極(陽極)
(l)トップエミッション型
支持基板/第2電極(陰極)/電子注入層/発光積層体/正孔注入層/第1電極(陽極)
本発明の有機EL素子は、素子を構成する各部材を支持基板上に順次積層することにより作製し得る。層の形成方法には、様々な方法があり、該方法の中から、例えば、形成する層の材料、下地となる層の性質などに応じて、適宜最適な形成方法を選択し得る。
本発明の有機EL素子は複数の発光層を備える。各発光層の積層順は特に限定されないが、各発光層が放つ光のピーク波長に応じて第1電極に対して上述した順序で配置されていることが好ましい。
陽極の作製方法としては、例えば、真空蒸着法、スパッタリング法、CVD法、イオンプレーティング法、レーザーアブレーション法、および金属薄膜を圧着するラミネート法、メッキ法等を挙げ得る。
前述した通り有機EL素子には、発光層とは異なる所定の層が必要に応じてさらに設けられる。所定の層の形成方法には、様々な方法があり、該方法の中から、例えば、形成する層の材料、下地となる層の性質などに応じて、適宜最適な形成方法を選択し得る。以下にこれらの層の形成方法の実施形態を示す。
本発明の発光装置は前述の有機EL素子を1個または複数個備える。発光装置は、例えばスキャナの光源;液晶表示装置のバックライトとして使用される面状光源;照明装置;表示装置、などに用いられる。発光装置は、前述のような特性を有する有機EL素子を備えるので、白色照明装置、モノクロ表示装置、またはフルカラー表示装置などとして好適に用いられる。
上記本発明の有機EL素子を用いて白色照明装置を構成することにより、発光効率をより向上させることができる。また本発明の有機EL素子は正面方向に放たれる光の強度が強められているため、本発明の有機EL素子を用いることにより、正面方向を特に明るく照らす照明装置を実現することができる。さらに例えば、光散乱層、レンズなどと組み合わせ、光取り出し効率を向上することにより、発光効率の高い拡散照明装置とすることができる。
上記本発明の有機EL素子を備えるモノクロ表示装置は、3原色すべてについて正面方向への出射割合を高めることができる。そのため、該モノクロ表示装置は、シングルフォトン型の有機EL素子で構成された装置としては、より低電流で所定の輝度を達成することが可能であり、結果として、発光効率が高く、消費電力の低い表示装置を実現することができる。
本発明のフルカラー表示装置は、上記本発明の有機EL素子と、前記有機EL素子の放つ光が通過する位置に配置されたカラーフィルターとを備える。本発明のフルカラー表示装置においては、上記本発明の有機EL素子により複数の画素が形成され、かつ、光取り出し側にカラーフィルターを備える。本発明の有機EL素子は、上記の通り各発光層から放たれる光について光共振を生じさせるように調整されているため、赤色光、緑色光および青色光のそれぞれについて、スペクトル幅が狭く、かつ強い光を得ることができる。そして、白色光とカラーフィルターとを組み合わせてフルカラー表示を行う表示装置において本発明の有機EL素子を用いることにより、カラーフィルターを透過しない光の割合、例えばスペクトルの山の裾の部分に相当する光の割合を低減することができ、これによってカラーフィルターによる光のロスを低減することができる。このため、本発明のフルカラー表示装置は、構造が単純なシングルフォトン型の有機EL素子を発光素子として用いる表示装置であるにもかかわらず、高輝度のフルカラー表示装置として実現され得る。
Claims (8)
- 光透過性を示す第1電極と、
第2電極と、
前記第1および第2電極の間に配置される発光層とを備えるシングルフォトン型の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子であって、
前記第1および第2電極の間には、それぞれが互いにピーク波長の異なる光を放つ複数の発光層が積層され、
各発光層はそれぞれ、所定の発光層から前記第2電極に向けて放たれ、前記第2電極において反射されて戻ってくる反射光と、当該所定の発光層から前記第1電極に向けて放たれる光とが光共振を生じる所定の位置となるように、前記第2電極との間隔をあけて配置されている、
有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。 - 前記第1および第2電極の間において前記複数の発光層は、ピーク波長の長い光を放つ発光層ほど、前記第1電極寄りに配置されている、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記第1電極が陽極であり、前記第2電極が陰極である、請求項2に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記複数の発光層は、赤色光を放つ発光層、緑色光を放つ発光層および青色光を放つ発光層である、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 前記複数の発光層が、塗布法により形成されてなる、請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子を備える発光装置。
- 請求項1に記載の有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子と、前記有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の放つ光が通過する位置に配置されたカラーフィルターとを備える表示装置。
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- 2010-09-22 EP EP10820413.2A patent/EP2485568B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-09-22 US US13/498,430 patent/US8786177B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-22 CN CN201080043578.5A patent/CN102577618B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-09-22 KR KR1020127008059A patent/KR20120091023A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-09-27 TW TW099132532A patent/TW201129238A/zh unknown
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013131830A1 (de) * | 2012-03-06 | 2013-09-12 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Organisches licht emittierendes bauelement |
| US9385338B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2016-07-05 | Osram Oled Gmbh | Organic light-emitting component |
| WO2017104175A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、及び、発光装置 |
| WO2017104174A1 (ja) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-06-22 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、及び、発光装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102577618B (zh) | 2015-02-25 |
| JP2011076769A (ja) | 2011-04-14 |
| EP2485568A4 (en) | 2015-08-26 |
| US8786177B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 |
| EP2485568B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
| EP2485568A1 (en) | 2012-08-08 |
| JP5676867B2 (ja) | 2015-02-25 |
| TW201129238A (en) | 2011-08-16 |
| US20120181921A1 (en) | 2012-07-19 |
| KR20120091023A (ko) | 2012-08-17 |
| CN102577618A (zh) | 2012-07-11 |
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