WO2010035827A1 - 電気化学素子用電極の製造方法 - Google Patents
電気化学素子用電極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010035827A1 WO2010035827A1 PCT/JP2009/066764 JP2009066764W WO2010035827A1 WO 2010035827 A1 WO2010035827 A1 WO 2010035827A1 JP 2009066764 W JP2009066764 W JP 2009066764W WO 2010035827 A1 WO2010035827 A1 WO 2010035827A1
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/70—Current collectors characterised by their structure
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
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- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
- H01M4/742—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal perforated material
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/72—Grids
- H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
- H01M4/745—Expanded metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an electrode used for an electrochemical element such as a lithium ion secondary battery or an electric double layer capacitor (hereinafter, sometimes collectively referred to as “electrode for electrochemical element”), and Specifically, the present invention relates to a method for easily forming an electrode active material layer on a current collector, particularly a perforated current collector.
- electrochemical elements such as hybrid capacitors including lithium ion secondary batteries, electric double layer capacitors, and lithium ion capacitors
- the demand is expanding rapidly.
- Lithium ion secondary batteries have a relatively high energy density and are therefore used in fields such as mobile phones and notebook personal computers.
- the electric double layer capacitor can be rapidly charged and discharged, it is used as a memory backup compact power source for personal computers and the like.
- the electric double layer capacitor is expected to be applied as a large power source for electric vehicles.
- hybrid capacitors that make use of the advantages of lithium ion secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors are attracting attention because of their high energy density and output density. With the expansion and development of applications, these electrochemical devices are required to be further improved such as lowering resistance, increasing capacity, and improving mechanical properties.
- the hybrid capacitor includes a polarizable electrode on the positive electrode and a non-polarizable electrode on the negative electrode, and can increase the operating voltage and energy density by using an organic electrolyte.
- a hybrid capacitor it has been proposed to use a material in which lithium ions are occluded in advance by a chemical method or an electrochemical method as a material that can occlude and desorb lithium ions (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). ).
- the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector each have a hole penetrating the front and back, and the negative electrode active material reversibly recharges lithium.
- An organic electrolyte battery has been proposed in which lithium from a negative electrode is supported by electrochemical contact with lithium arranged opposite to the negative electrode or the positive electrode (for example, see Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 holes that penetrate the front and back surfaces are provided in the current collector, and an electrode active material layer is formed on the front and back surfaces of the perforated current collector (hereinafter, the current collector having the through holes is referred to as “holes”). May be referred to as an "open current collector").
- the capacitance is improved, and lithium ions can move between the front and back of the electrode without being blocked by the current collector.
- lithium can be electrochemically supported not only on the negative electrode arranged in the vicinity of lithium but also on the negative electrode arranged away from lithium.
- lithium ions can freely move between the electrodes through the through holes, charging and discharging proceed smoothly.
- the electrode active material layer is formed by applying a slurry of an electrode composition containing an electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder to a current collector and drying it.
- a pair of dies are arranged on both sides of the current collector transport path running in the vertical direction, and a pair of dies are disposed above the pair of dies.
- a twin blade method has been proposed in which the blade is provided and the slurry discharged from the die is scraped off by the blade to control the coating thickness.
- the current collector is a perforated current collector having through-holes
- This method also requires two dies to apply the slurry from both sides of the current collector, and also requires two sets of paint tanks, supply pumps, filters, piping, etc. Resulting in an increase in cost.
- an electrode material is supplied to a pair of press rolls using a quantitative feeder, and between the press rolls.
- a method of simultaneously forming a sheet of electrode material and bonding to the current collector by supplying the current collector is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 the slurry applied to the base material is brought into contact with the perforated current collector to be integrated, and then the slurry is dried, the base material is peeled off, and an electrode active material layer is formed on the current collector.
- a method has been proposed. In this method, since the slurry layer is dried in a state where the base material is laminated, the solvent of the slurry is difficult to evaporate uniformly. For this reason, in patent document 5, the porous base material is used as a base material, the solvent is evaporated uniformly, and the thickness of the electrode active material after drying is made uniform.
- the electrode material may remain on the press roll when the electrode material is transferred from the press roll to the current collector.
- the amount of the electrode material transferred to the current collector is not constant, the thickness of the electrode active material layer becomes uneven, and the electrode characteristics may vary.
- an object of the present invention is to form an electrode active material layer easily, uniformly and with good adhesion on a current collector, particularly a perforated current collector having front and back through holes such as punching metal and expanded metal.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an electrode for an electrochemical device.
- the present inventor formed an electrode active material layer on the surface of the base material, and transferred it to a current collector by hot pressing, so that the punching metal or the expanded metal can be used. It has been found that an electrode for an electrochemical device having good productivity and good quality can be produced with good adhesion to a perforated current collector which is difficult to coat.
- the present invention for solving the above-described problems includes the following matters as a gist.
- the step (1) includes a step of applying an aqueous slurry containing the electrode composition and water to the surface of the substrate that has been subjected to a release treatment.
- the manufacturing method in any one of.
- the above step (1) includes a step of applying a slurry of an electrode composition comprising an electrode active material, a conductive material and a binder to the surface of the base material and then drying the slurry.
- the production method according to any one of to [5].
- An electrochemical element comprising an electrode for an electrochemical element obtained by the production method of any one of [1] to [12].
- an electrode active material layer having a uniform thickness can be easily formed with good adhesion on a current collector, particularly a perforated current collector such as a punching metal or an expanded metal. Furthermore, general equipment can be used, and an electrode for an electrochemical element can be produced with high productivity. In addition, since the electrode active material layer is formed on the base material, the electrode active material layer can be bonded to both surfaces of the current collector at the same time, so that productivity of electrode production can be increased.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show a schematic flow of the production method of the present invention.
- an electrode active material layer is formed on the surface of a substrate 1 using an electrode composition comprising an electrode active material, a conductive material and a binder (FIG. 1),
- the electrode active material layer and the current collector formed on the surface of the base material are stacked, heat-pressed and bonded, and the base material is separated from the electrode active material layer (see FIG. 2).
- the base material used in the present invention can be used without any limitation on inorganic materials and organic materials as long as the electrode active material layer can be coated on the base material.
- IO film polyethylene film
- PET film polyethylene terephthalate film
- PEN film polyethylene naphthalate film
- PVDC film polyvinyl chloride
- thermoplastic resin film is preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and handleability, and a PET film, a PE film, a PP film, a PVC film, and the like are particularly preferable.
- the thickness of the substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and more preferably 30 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m. Also, the width is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably about 200 mm to 500 mm.
- the substrate surface on which the electrode active material layer is formed is previously subjected to a peeling treatment.
- the peeling treatment may be performed only on one side of the base material or on both sides.
- the method of the peeling treatment is not particularly limited. For example, a method of applying a thermosetting resin such as an alkyd resin on a substrate and curing it; A method of applying a silicone resin on a substrate and curing it It is preferable to use a method in which a fluororesin is applied onto a substrate.
- a release treatment using a thermosetting resin capable of easily forming a homogeneous release treatment layer is preferred, and from the viewpoint of the balance of the aqueous slurry coating properties described later, and the peelability of the resulting electrode active material layer, Peeling treatment by application and curing of alkyd resin is preferred.
- the contact angle with water on the surface of the substrate to be peeled is preferably 80 to 110 °, more preferably 90 to 100 °.
- the contact angle with water on the release treatment surface is too small, the slurry coatability is good, but it may be difficult to release the electrode active material layer formed after drying the slurry from the substrate. is there.
- the contact angle is too large, it is easy to peel the electrode active material layer from the substrate, but the slurry is repelled on the surface of the substrate and uniform coating may be difficult.
- coating properties and releasability are generally incompatible characteristics.
- the coating properties of the aqueous slurry and the electrode activity are improved.
- the peelability of the material layer is balanced, an electrode active material layer having a uniform thickness can be formed, and the electrode active material layer can be easily peeled off.
- the base material can be used repeatedly, and the electrode production cost can be further reduced by using it repeatedly.
- the electrode active material layer is formed from an electrode composition including an electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder.
- the electrode active material used in the present invention is a substance that transfers electrons in an electrode for an electrochemical element.
- the electrode active material mainly includes an active material for a lithium ion secondary battery, an active material for an electric double layer capacitor, and an active material for a lithium ion capacitor.
- Examples of the active material for a lithium ion secondary battery include a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- As the electrode active material used for the positive electrode of a lithium ion secondary battery electrode specifically, LiCoO 2, LiNiO 2, LiMnO 2, LiMn 2 O 4, LiFePO 4, lithium-containing composite metal oxides such as LiFeVO 4; Transition metal sulfides such as TiS 2 , TiS 3 , and amorphous MoS 3 ; Cu 2 V 2 O 3 , amorphous V 2 O ⁇ P 2 O 5 , MoO 3 , V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13, etc. These transition metal oxides are exemplified. Further examples include conductive polymers such as polyacetylene and poly-p-phenylene. Preferred is a lithium-containing composite metal oxide.
- the electrode active material used for the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery electrode include carbonaceous materials such as amorphous carbon, graphite, natural graphite, mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB), and pitch-based carbon fibers; polyacene And the like, and the like. Crystalline carbonaceous materials such as graphite, natural graphite, and mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) are preferable.
- the shape of the electrode active material used for the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery is preferably a granulated particle.
- a higher density electrode can be formed during electrode molding.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material used for the electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery is usually 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the tap density of the electrode active material used for the electrode for the lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited, but preferably 2 g / cm 3 or more for the positive electrode and 0.6 g / cm 3 or more for the negative electrode.
- carbon allotrope is usually used as the electrode active material used for the electric double layer capacitor electrode.
- the allotrope of carbon include activated carbon, polyacene, carbon whisker, and graphite, and these powders or fibers can be used.
- a preferred electrode active material is activated carbon, and specific examples include activated carbon made from phenol resin, rayon, acrylonitrile resin, pitch, coconut shell, and the like.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material used for the electrode for the electric double layer capacitor is usually 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the specific surface area of the electrode active material used for the electrode for the electric double layer capacitor is 30 m 2 / g or more, preferably 500 to 5,000 m 2 / g, more preferably 1,000 to 3,000 m 2 / g. preferable. Since the density of the obtained electrode active material layer tends to decrease as the specific surface area of the electrode active material increases, an electrode active material layer having a desired density can be obtained by appropriately selecting the electrode active material.
- Electrode active materials used for electrodes for lithium ion capacitors include positive and negative electrodes.
- the electrode active material used for the positive electrode of the lithium ion capacitor electrode may be any material that can reversibly carry lithium ions and anions such as tetrafluoroborate.
- an allotrope of carbon is usually used, and electrode active materials used in electric double layer capacitors can be widely used.
- carbon allotropes are used in combination, two or more types of carbon allotropes having different average particle diameters or particle size distributions may be used in combination.
- a polyacene organic semiconductor (PAS) having a polyacene skeleton structure which is a heat-treated product of an aromatic condensation polymer and has an atomic ratio of hydrogen atom / carbon atom of 0.50 to 0.05, can be suitably used.
- PAS polyacene organic semiconductor
- it is an electrode active material used for the electrode for electric double layer capacitors.
- the electrode active material used for the negative electrode of the lithium ion capacitor electrode is a substance that can reversibly carry lithium ions.
- electrode active materials used in the negative electrode of lithium ion secondary batteries can be widely used.
- Preferred examples include crystalline carbon materials such as graphite and non-graphitizable carbon, and polyacene-based materials (PAS) described as the positive electrode active material. These carbon materials and PAS are obtained by carbonizing a phenol resin or the like, activated as necessary, and then pulverized.
- the shape of the electrode active material used for the electrode for the lithium ion capacitor is preferably a granulated particle.
- a higher density electrode can be formed during electrode molding.
- the volume average particle diameter of the electrode active material used for the electrode for a lithium ion capacitor is usually 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 20 ⁇ m for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- These electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the conductive material used in the present invention is composed of an allotrope of particulate carbon that has conductivity and does not have pores that can form an electric double layer.
- furnace black, acetylene black, and ketjen Examples thereof include conductive carbon black such as black (registered trademark of Akzo Nobel Chemicals Bethloten Fennaut Shap).
- acetylene black and furnace black are preferable.
- the volume average particle size of the conductive material used in the present invention is preferably smaller than the volume average particle size of the electrode active material, and the range is usually 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably 0. .01 to 1 ⁇ m. When the volume average particle diameter of the conductive material is within this range, high conductivity can be obtained with a smaller amount of use.
- These conductive materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the conductive material is usually in the range of 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 15 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. When the amount of the conductive material is within this range, the capacity of the battery using the obtained electrode can be increased and the internal resistance can be decreased.
- the binder used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound capable of binding the electrode active material and the conductive material to each other.
- a suitable binder is a dispersion type binder having a property of being dispersed in a solvent.
- the dispersion-type binder include polymer compounds such as fluoropolymers, diene polymers, acrylate polymers, polyimides, polyamides, and polyurethanes. Among these, fluoropolymers, diene polymers, or acrylate polymers are preferable.
- a diene polymer or an acrylate polymer is more preferable in that the withstand voltage can be increased and the energy density of the electrochemical device can be increased.
- the diene polymer is a homopolymer of a conjugated diene or a copolymer obtained by polymerizing a monomer mixture containing a conjugated diene, or a hydrogenated product thereof.
- the proportion of the conjugated diene in the monomer mixture is usually 40% by weight or more, preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more.
- the diene polymer include conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene; aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); acrylonitrile -Vinyl cyanide * conjugated diene copolymers, such as a butadiene copolymer (NBR); Hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, etc. are mentioned.
- conjugated diene homopolymers such as polybutadiene and polyisoprene
- aromatic vinyl / conjugated diene copolymers such as carboxy-modified styrene / butadiene copolymer (SBR); acrylonitrile -Vinyl cyanide * conjugated diene copolymers, such as a butadiene copolymer (NBR); Hydrogenated SBR, hydrogenated NBR, etc.
- the acrylate polymer is represented by the general formula (1): CH 2 ⁇ CR 1 —COOR 2 (wherein R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and R 2 represents an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group).
- Polymer containing monomer unit derived from compound, specifically, homopolymer of compound represented by general formula (1), or monomer mixture containing compound represented by general formula (1) Is a copolymer obtained by polymerizing
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (1) include ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, n-amyl acrylate, Acrylates such as isoamyl acrylate, n-hexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, stearyl acrylate; ethyl meth
- acrylate is preferable, and n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate are particularly preferable in that the strength of the obtained electrode can be improved.
- the ratio of the monomer unit derived from the compound represented by the general formula (1) in the acrylate polymer is usually 50% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more.
- a copolymerizable carboxylic acid group-containing monomer can be used for the acrylate polymer.
- the carboxylic acid group-containing monomer include monobasic acid-containing monomers such as acrylic acid and methacrylic acid; dibasic acid-containing monomers such as maleic acid, fumaric acid, and itaconic acid.
- a dibasic acid-containing monomer is preferable, and itaconic acid is particularly preferable in terms of enhancing the binding property with the current collector and improving the electrode strength.
- These monobasic acid-containing monomers and dibasic acid-containing monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the carboxylic acid group-containing monomer in the monomer mixture at the time of copolymerization is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 100 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1). Is in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight. When the amount of the carboxylic acid group-containing monomer is within this range, the binding property with the current collector is excellent, and the strength of the obtained electrode is improved.
- a copolymerizable nitrile group-containing monomer can be used for the acrylate polymer.
- the nitrile group-containing monomer include acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, and the like.
- acrylonitrile is preferable in that the binding strength with the current collector is increased and the electrode strength can be improved.
- the amount of acrylonitrile in the monomer mixture at the time of copolymerization is usually 0.1 to 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 30 parts per 100 parts by weight of the compound represented by the general formula (1). Part by weight, more preferably in the range of 1 to 20 parts by weight. When the amount of acrylonitrile is within this range, the binding property with the current collector is excellent, and the strength of the resulting electrode is improved.
- the shape of the binder is not particularly limited, but it has good binding properties with the current collector, and can be prevented from being deteriorated due to a decrease in the capacity of the created electrode or repeated charge / discharge, so that it is in a particulate form.
- the particulate binder include those in which binder particles such as latex are dispersed in water, and powders obtained by drying such a dispersion.
- the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the binder is preferably 50 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 40 to 0 ° C.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- the number average particle diameter of the binder is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.0001 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.001 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m. When the number average particle diameter of the binder is within this range, an excellent binding force can be imparted to the electrode active material layer even with a small amount of use.
- the number average particle diameter is a number average particle diameter calculated as an arithmetic average value obtained by measuring the diameter of 100 binder particles randomly selected in a transmission electron micrograph.
- the shape of the particles can be either spherical or irregular.
- the amount of the binder is usually 0.1 to 50 parts by weight, preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material.
- the amount of the binder is within this range, sufficient adhesion between the obtained electrode active material layer and the current collector can be secured, the capacity of the electrochemical device can be increased, and the internal resistance can be decreased.
- the electrode composition preferably contains a surfactant and / or an organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 150 ° C. Either one or both of the surfactant and the organic solvent may be contained.
- surfactant well disperses the electrode active material, the conductive material, and the binder, reduces the surface tension of the slurry, and improves the coatability.
- surfactants include anionic surfactants such as alkyl sulfate esters, alkylbenzene sulfonates, fatty acid salts, and naphthalene sulfonic acid formalin condensates; polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, glycerin fatty acid esters, and the like.
- Nonionic surfactants cationic surfactants such as alkylamine salts and quaternary ammonium salts; amphoteric surfactants such as alkylamine oxides and alkylbetaines; anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants Surfactants are preferred, and anionic surfactants are particularly preferred from the viewpoint of excellent durability of the electrochemical element.
- the amount of the surfactant is in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by weight, and preferably 2.0 to 5 parts per 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. Part by weight is particularly preferred. When the compounding amount of the surfactant is within this range, the durability of the electrochemical element is excellent.
- the coating property of a slurry improves by using an organic solvent.
- an organic solvent having a boiling point (normal pressure) of 50 to 150 ° C. when used, the organic solvent volatilizes simultaneously with the volatilization of water when the electrode composition layer formed by applying the aqueous slurry is dried. The drying process can be simplified. Further, the organic solvent does not remain in the dried electrode active material layer, and the durability of the electrode is improved.
- organic solvent examples include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol; alkyl esters such as methyl acetate and ethyl acetate; ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone; preferably alcohols and alkyl esters. Alcohols are particularly preferable in view of excellent durability of the electrochemical element.
- the blending amount thereof is in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by weight, and 2.0 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. Part is particularly preferred. When the blending amount of the organic solvent is within this range, the resulting electrochemical element is excellent in durability.
- the above surfactant and an organic solvent in combination.
- the surface tension of the electrode composition slurry is further reduced, and the productivity is improved.
- the total amount of the surfactant and the organic solvent is in the range of 0.5 to 20 parts by weight, preferably 1.0 to 10 parts by weight, with respect to 100 parts by weight of the electrode active material. ⁇ 5 parts by weight is particularly preferred.
- the electrode composition may contain a dispersant in order to uniformly disperse these components.
- the dispersant include cellulose derivatives such as carboxymethyl cellulose; poly (meth) acrylates such as sodium poly (meth) acrylate; polyvinyl alcohol, modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene oxide; polyvinylpyrrolidone, polycarboxylic acid, oxidation Examples include starch, phosphate starch, casein, various modified starches, chitin, and chitosan derivatives. Among these, cellulose derivatives are particularly preferable.
- the cellulose derivative is a compound obtained by etherifying or esterifying at least a part of the hydroxyl group of cellulose, and is preferably water-soluble.
- Cellulose derivatives usually do not have a glass transition point. Specific examples include carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and hydroxypropyl cellulose.
- these ammonium salt and alkali metal salt are mentioned.
- a salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is preferable, and an ammonium salt of carboxymethyl cellulose is particularly preferable.
- the degree of etherification of the cellulose derivative is preferably 0.5 to 2, more preferably 0.5 to 1.5.
- the degree of etherification is a value representing how many hydroxyl groups contained per 3 glucose units of cellulose are etherified on average.
- the degree of etherification is within this range, the stability of the slurry containing the electrode composition is high, and solid matter sedimentation and aggregation are unlikely to occur.
- liquidity of a coating material improve by using a cellulose derivative.
- the type of material constituting the current collector for example, metal, carbon, conductive polymer, and the like can be used, and metal is preferably used.
- metal is preferably used.
- various materials proposed for applications such as batteries and capacitors can be used.
- the positive electrode current collector is preferably aluminum, stainless steel, and the negative electrode current collector is preferably stainless steel, copper, nickel, etc. Can be used.
- the current collector may have a structure having no through-hole, but the method of the present invention is particularly suitable for the electrode active material layer on the current collector (perforated current collector) having through-holes on the front and back surfaces. Suitable for forming.
- the current collector is, for example, an expanded metal, a punching metal, a metal net, a foam, an etching foil provided with through holes by etching, or a current collector with protrusions provided with protrusions and through holes using an embossing roll. Etc. are preferably used.
- the shape of the aperture portion of the apertured current collector is not particularly limited, and the aperture ratio is preferably 10% to 90%, more preferably 20% to 60%, and particularly preferably 40% to 60%. It is in.
- the aperture ratio is determined by planar observation of the perforated current collector. Specifically, the aperture ratio is determined by observing the perforated current collector in a plane and calculating the area of the through holes per unit area.
- the aperture ratio of the current collector is too high to support lithium on the negative electrode active material, the time required to support it is short, and unevenness of lithium support is unlikely to occur, but the strength of the current collector is It tends to drop and become wrinkled and cut. In addition, it becomes difficult to hold the active material or the like in the through-hole, and problems such as a decrease in yield during electrode manufacturing occur due to falling off of the active material or the like, or breakage of the electrode.
- the aperture ratio and the hole diameter of the current collector are preferably selected as appropriate within the above-mentioned range in consideration of the battery structure (stacked type, wound type, etc.) and productivity.
- the current collector has a strip shape, and the thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 5 to 50 ⁇ m is preferable, and a thickness of 10 to 40 ⁇ m is more preferable.
- the width is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 100 to 1000 mm, more preferably about 200 to 500 mm.
- a layer of the electrode composition composed of each of the above components is formed on the surface of the substrate 1 and dried or the like as necessary to obtain an electrode active material layer.
- a preferred method for forming the electrode active material layer is, for example, a method in which composite particles made of an electrode composition are supplied onto a substrate and molded into a sheet by a dry method (sheet molding method); the electrode composition is dispersed in a solvent Examples include a method (coating method) in which the slurry (electrode composition slurry) applied is applied onto a substrate and the solvent is volatilized (coating method).
- the electrode composition slurry is composed of an electrode active material, a conductive material, a binder, and a dispersant, a surfactant, an organic solvent, and an organic solvent such as water or N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or tetrahydrofuran. It can manufacture by kneading in.
- the electrode composition slurry is preferably an aqueous slurry using water as a dispersion medium from the viewpoint of easy drying of the electrode active material layer and excellent environmental load.
- aqueous slurry water and each of the above components can be mixed and produced using a mixer.
- a mixer a ball mill, a sand mill, a pigment disperser, a pulverizer, an ultrasonic disperser, a homogenizer, a planetary mixer, a Hobart mixer, and the like can be used.
- the electrode active material and the conductive material are first mixed using a mixer such as a crusher, a planetary mixer, a Henschel mixer, and an omni mixer, and then a binder is added and mixed uniformly. By adopting this method, a uniform slurry can be easily obtained.
- the viscosity of the slurry used in the present invention varies depending on the type of coating machine and the shape of the coating line, but is usually 100 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 1,000 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s. Preferably, it is 5,000 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the method for applying the slurry to the substrate is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, and a brush coating method.
- the coating thickness of the slurry is appropriately set according to the thickness of the target electrode active material layer.
- the electrode active material layer made of the electrode composition formed by the application of the slurry and the current collector 2 are laminated and bonded by hot pressing. Lamination and sticking to the current collector may be performed immediately after application of the slurry, but it is particularly preferable to laminate and stick to the current collector after drying the electrode composition layer.
- the layer thickness becomes constant and the strength is improved, so that lamination and sticking to the current collector becomes easy.
- an electrode active material layer can be formed only in the required location on a collector.
- the substrate is peeled off after being laminated and pasted on the current collector, it is possible to prevent a part of the electrode active material layer from remaining on the substrate.
- drying method examples include drying with warm air, hot air, low-humidity air, vacuum drying, and drying by irradiation with (far) infrared rays or electron beams. Among these, a drying method by irradiation with far infrared rays is preferable.
- the drying temperature and the drying time in the present invention are preferably a temperature and a time at which the solvent in the slurry applied to the current collector can be completely removed, and the drying temperature is 100 to 300 ° C., preferably 120 to 250 ° C.
- the drying time is usually 1 minute to 60 minutes, preferably 5 minutes to 30 minutes.
- FIG. 1 shows a more specific example of the electrode active material layer forming step by a coating method.
- the winding body of the base material 1 is attached to the unwinder 10, the base material 1 is sent out from the unwinder 10, and the slurry of the electrode composition is discharged from the coating machine 3 onto the surface of the base material 1.
- a layer of the electrode composition is formed on the surface. In the figure, the formed electrode composition layer is not shown.
- the base material having the electrode composition layer formed on the surface is introduced into the dryer 4, and the electrode composition layer is dried to form an electrode active material layer.
- the base material 1 which has an electrode active material layer is wound up with the winder 11, and the wound body of the base material 1 with an electrode active material layer is obtained.
- the electrode active material layer is attached to the current collector 2 by hot pressing.
- the hot pressing may be performed before the drying or after the drying.
- the electrode active material layer after the slurry drying is attached to the current collector by the hot pressing.
- the hot press method include a batch type hot press and a continuous type hot roll press, and a continuous type hot roll press capable of improving productivity is preferable.
- the temperature of the hot press is not particularly limited as long as it does not damage the substrate, but is usually 50 to 200 ° C, preferably 70 to 150 ° C. When the temperature of the hot press is within this range, the electrode active material layer can be uniformly bonded to the current collector, and the electrode strength is excellent.
- the linear pressure of the hot press is not particularly limited as long as it does not damage the substrate, but is usually 50 to 2,000 kN / m, preferably 100 to 1,000 kN / m, particularly preferably 200 to 500 kN / m. is there. When the linear pressure of the hot press is within this range, the electrode active material layer can be uniformly bonded to the current collector, and the electrode strength is excellent.
- the method for separating the base material from the electrode active material layer is not particularly limited. For example, after the electrode active material layer is pasted, the current collector on which the electrode active material layer is pasted and the base material are placed on separate rolls. By turning it, it can be easily separated. Thus, a current collector having an electrode active material layer is obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows a more specific aspect of a series of steps for attaching the electrode active material layer to the current collector and separating the base material as described above.
- the electrode active material layer is not shown.
- the electrode active material layer is formed on the surface of the substrate 1.
- the wound body of the base material 1 with an electrode active material layer is attached to an unwinder 12, and the base material 1 with an electrode active material layer is sent out.
- the current collector 2 is attached to the unwinder 14 and the current collector is sent out.
- the base material 1 with an electrode active material layer and the current collector 2 are introduced into a laminator 16 equipped with a heating mechanism, hot pressing is performed, and the base material 1 with an electrode active material layer is attached to the current collector 2.
- the substrate 1 is peeled off from the electrode active material layer and wound up by a winder 13, and the current collector 2 on which the electrode active material layer is transferred is wound up by a winder 15 to wind the current collector with the electrode active material layer.
- the harvester is obtained.
- the base material on which the electrode active material layer is formed is bonded to the other surface of the current collector on which the electrode active material layer is formed by hot pressing, and the electrode active material layer is formed on both sides of the current collector.
- An electrode for a chemical element can also be produced.
- an electrode active material layer may be simultaneously formed on both sides of the current collector by the above method.
- the thickness of the electrode active material layer of the electrode for an electrochemical element obtained by the production method of the present invention varies depending on the type of electrochemical element, but is usually 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 20 to 400 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 30 to 200 ⁇ m. is there. When the thickness of the electrode layer is within this range, an electrode for an electrochemical element having a balance between internal resistance and energy density is preferable.
- the electrochemical device of the present invention includes an electrode for an electrochemical device obtained by the production method of the present invention.
- the electrochemical element include a lithium ion secondary battery, an electric double layer capacitor, and a hybrid capacitor.
- a hybrid capacitor is preferable.
- the electrode for electrochemical elements obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention is used for an electrode for a hybrid capacitor will be described.
- the hybrid capacitor is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte, and the electrode for an electrochemical element obtained by the production method of the present invention is used as the positive electrode or the negative electrode, preferably as the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the separator is not particularly limited as long as it can insulate between the electrodes for the hybrid capacitor and can pass cations and anions. Specifically, polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, microporous membranes or non-woven fabrics made of rayon, aramid or glass fiber, and porous membranes mainly made of pulp called electrolytic capacitor paper can be used.
- the separator is disposed between the electrodes for the hybrid capacitor so that the pair of electrode active material layers face each other, and an element is obtained.
- the thickness of the separator is appropriately selected depending on the purpose of use, but is usually 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the electrolytic solution is usually composed of an electrolyte and a solvent.
- the electrolyte can use lithium ions as cations.
- As anions PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , SbF 6 ⁇ , N (RfSO 3 ) 2 ⁇ , C (RfSO 3 ) 3 ⁇ , RfSO 3 ⁇ (Rf is a fluoro having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, respectively) Represents an alkyl group), F ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , AlCl 4 ⁇ , AlF 4 ⁇ and the like.
- These electrolytes can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a solvent for the electrolytic solution.
- Specific examples include carbonates such as propylene carboat, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; sulfolanes; nitriles such as acetonitrile. These solvents can be used alone or as a mixed solvent of two or more. Of these, carbonates are preferred.
- a lithium ion capacitor is obtained by impregnating the above element with an electrolytic solution.
- the device can be manufactured by winding, laminating, or folding the device in a container as necessary, and pouring the electrolyte into the container and sealing it.
- a device in which an element is previously impregnated with an electrolytic solution may be stored in a container. Any known container such as a coin shape, a cylindrical shape, or a square shape can be used as the container.
- the electrode is cut into a rectangle having a length of 100 mm and a width of 10 mm so that the coating direction of the electrode composition is the long side to obtain a test piece, and the surface of the electrode active material layer is cellophane tape (to JIS Z1522) with the electrode active material layer side down.
- the stress is measured when one end of the current collector is pulled in the vertical direction and pulled at a pulling speed of 50 mm / min. Measurement is performed three times, the average value is obtained, and this is taken as the peel strength. The higher the peel strength, the higher the adhesive strength of the electrode active material layer to the current collector, that is, the higher the adhesion.
- Transfer rate of electrode active material layer (%) ⁇ weight of electrode active material layer on current collector (g) ⁇ weight of electrode active material on substrate after transfer (g) ⁇ / electrode on substrate before transfer Active material weight (g) x 100
- the weight of the electrode active material layer on the substrate before transfer and the weight of the electrode active material layer on the substrate after transfer are obtained by the following formulas.
- Electrode active material layer weight on substrate before transfer Substrate weight after electrode active material layer formation ⁇ Substrate weight before electrode active material layer formation
- Electrode active material layer weight on substrate after transfer After transfer Substrate weight-substrate weight before electrode active material layer formation
- the current collector is observed on a plane, and the area of the through hole per unit area is calculated, thereby calculating the aperture ratio of the current collector.
- the thickness of the electrode active material layer was determined using an eddy current displacement sensor (sensor head part EX-110V, amplifier unit part EX-V02: manufactured by Keyence Corporation) after the electrode active material layer was formed on both sides of the current collector. To measure. The thickness of each electrode active material layer is measured at intervals of 2 cm in the longitudinal direction and at intervals of 5 cm in the width direction, and the average value thereof is taken as the thickness of the electrode active material layer.
- Example 1> (Method for producing positive electrode slurry)
- activated carbon powder MSP-20; manufactured by Kansai Thermochemical Co., Ltd.
- MSP-20 manufactured by Kansai Thermochemical Co., Ltd.
- aqueous solution 0.5% aqueous solution
- the electrode composition slurry for positive electrode described above is discharged from a die, applied, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to have a positive electrode active material layer having a thickness of 130 ⁇ m on the substrate.
- a substrate was obtained and wound up.
- the positive electrode active material layer formed above and an aluminum expanded metal having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m and an aperture ratio of 50 area% as a perforated current collector are stacked and passed through a continuous roll press at a temperature of 100 ° C.
- the substrate was separated from the electrode active material layer with a roll.
- the base material having the positive electrode active material layer is passed through the continuous roll press on the other surface of the perforated current collector and bonded, and the base material is separated from the electrode active material layer with a roll.
- a current collector electrode for electrochemical element for positive electrode
- the peel strength of this electrode was 17.1 N / m, and the transfer rate of the electrode active material layer to the current collector was 91.2%.
- Electrode active material for the negative electrode 100 parts of graphite (KS-4, manufactured by Timcal) having a volume average particle size of 2.7 ⁇ m, and a 1.5% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose as a dispersant (Product No. 2200; Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.) 2 parts in terms of solid content, 5 parts of acetylene black (Denka black powder; manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) as a conductive material, a glass transition temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C.
- KS-4 manufactured by Timcal
- the electrode composition slurry for a negative electrode described above is discharged from a die, applied, and dried at 120 ° C. for 5 minutes to have a negative electrode active material layer having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m on the substrate.
- a substrate was obtained and wound up.
- the negative electrode active material layer formed above and a copper expanded metal having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and an aperture ratio of 50 area% are stacked as a perforated current collector and passed through a continuous roll press at a temperature of 100 ° C.
- the substrate was separated from the electrode active material layer with a roll.
- the base material having the negative electrode active material layer is passed through the continuous roll press on the other surface of the perforated current collector and bonded, and the base material is separated from the electrode active material layer with a roll.
- a current collector an electrode for an electrochemical element for a negative electrode
- the peel strength of this electrode was 5.5 N / m), and the transfer rate of the electrode active material layer to the current collector was 94%.
- the double-sided electrode (positive electrode, negative electrode) produced above has an uncoated part where the electrode active material layer is not formed, 2 cm in length ⁇ 2 cm in width, and the part where the electrode active material layer is formed is 5 cm in length. ⁇ Cut out so as to be 5 cm wide (the uncoated part is formed so as to extend one side of a 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm square on which the electrode active material layer is formed). Ten sets of positive electrodes and 11 sets of negative electrodes thus cut out are prepared, and the uncoated portions are ultrasonically welded.
- a tab material having a length of 7 cm, a width of 1 cm, and a thickness of 0.01 cm, made of aluminum for the positive electrode and nickel for the negative electrode, is ultrasonically welded to the uncoated portions that are laminated and welded to produce a measurement electrode.
- the measurement electrode was vacuum-dried at 200 ° C. for 24 hours.
- a cellulose / rayon mixed non-woven fabric with a thickness of 35 ⁇ m as a separator the terminal welds of the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are arranged on opposite sides, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode are alternated and laminated. All of the outermost electrodes were laminated so that all of them were negative electrodes. Separators were placed on the top and bottom, and four sides were taped.
- a lithium metal foil (thickness 51 ⁇ m, length 5 cm ⁇ width 5 cm) bonded to an 80 ⁇ m-thick stainless steel mesh was used, and the lithium electrode was laminated so as to completely face the outermost negative electrode One each was placed on the top and bottom.
- the terminal welding part (two sheets) of the lithium electrode current collector was resistance welded to the negative electrode terminal welding part.
- Laminate with the lithium foil placed at the top and bottom is placed inside the deep-drawn lower exterior film, covered with the exterior laminate film and fused on the three sides, and then ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate and propylene carbonate are used as the electrolyte.
- a solution obtained by dissolving LiPF 6 at a concentration of 1 mol / liter was vacuum impregnated in a mixed solvent having a weight ratio of 3: 4: 1, and the remaining side was then fused to produce a film-type hybrid capacitor.
- Example 2 In Example 1, as a binder for the positive electrode composition slurry and the negative electrode composition slurry, an acrylate polymer having a glass transition temperature of ⁇ 40 ° C. and a number average particle diameter of 0.25 ⁇ m (2-ethylhexyl acrylate 96 Part, a copolymer obtained by emulsion polymerization of 4 parts of methacrylic acid), except that a 40% aqueous dispersion was used, as in Example 1, an electrode for an electrochemical element for a positive electrode, an electrode for an electrochemical element for a negative electrode, And the hybrid capacitor was produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 3 In Example 1, other than using a 38 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene terephthalate film (produced by Lintec Co., Ltd., contact angle with water on the release-treated surface of the substrate: 82 °) that has been subjected to a release treatment with an alkyd resin in the base material Produced a positive electrode for an electrochemical element, a negative electrode for an electrochemical element, and a hybrid capacitor in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- a 38 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene terephthalate film produced by Lintec Co., Ltd., contact angle with water on the release-treated surface of the substrate: 82 °
- Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 4 In Example 1, other than using a 38 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene terephthalate film (produced by Lintec Co., Ltd., contact angle with water on the release-treated surface of the base material: 108 °) that has been subjected to a release treatment with an alkyd resin in the base material Produced a positive electrode for an electrochemical element, a negative electrode for an electrochemical element, and a hybrid capacitor in the same manner as in Example 1. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- a 38 ⁇ m-thick polyethylene terephthalate film produced by Lintec Co., Ltd., contact angle with water on the release-treated surface of the base material: 108 °
- Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 5 For the positive electrode as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the continuous roll press when the electrode active material layer formed on the substrate and the perforated current collector were bonded to 50 ° C.
- the electrode for electrochemical elements, the electrode for electrochemical elements for negative electrodes, and the hybrid capacitor were produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 6 For the positive electrode as in Example 1, except that the temperature of the continuous roll press when the electrode active material layer formed on the substrate and the perforated current collector were bonded to 150 ° C.
- the electrode for electrochemical elements, the electrode for electrochemical elements for negative electrodes, and the hybrid capacitor were produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 7 In Example 2, 4 parts of a nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether (Emulgen A-60; manufactured by Kao Corporation) as a surfactant was added to the positive electrode composition slurry and the negative electrode composition slurry. Other than the addition, as in Example 2, a positive electrode for an electrochemical element, a negative electrode for an electrochemical element, and a hybrid capacitor were produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- a nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene distyrenated phenyl ether Emulgen A-60; manufactured by Kao Corporation
- Example 8 In Example 2, 4 parts of naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate (Demol N; manufactured by Kao Corporation) as an anionic surfactant was added as a surfactant to the positive electrode composition slurry and the negative electrode composition slurry. Produced a positive electrode for an electrochemical element, a negative electrode for an electrochemical element, and a hybrid capacitor in the same manner as in Example 2. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Demol N naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate
- Example 9 An electrode for an electrochemical device for a positive electrode was used in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 4 parts of ethyl acetate as an alkyl ester was added as an organic solvent to the composition slurry for positive electrode and the composition slurry for negative electrode An electrode for an electrochemical element for a negative electrode and a hybrid capacitor were produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 10 An electrode for an electrochemical element for a positive electrode, a negative electrode, as in Example 2, except that 4 parts of isopropanol, which is an alcohol, was added as an organic solvent to the positive electrode composition slurry and the negative electrode composition slurry. Electrodes for electrochemical devices and hybrid capacitors were prepared. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 11 In Example 2, 4 parts of naphthalenesulfonic acid formalin condensate (Demol; manufactured by Kao Corporation), which is an anionic surfactant, is used as an organic solvent in the positive electrode composition slurry and the negative electrode composition slurry.
- a positive electrode for an electrochemical element, a negative electrode for an electrochemical element, and a hybrid capacitor were prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 except that 4 parts of isopropanol as an alcohol was added. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- Example 1 In Example 1, except that the temperature of the continuous roll press at the time of laminating the electrode active material layer and the perforated current collector was 25 ° C., the electrode for the electrochemical device for the positive electrode as in Example 1, An electrode for an electrochemical element for a negative electrode and a hybrid capacitor were produced. Table 1 shows the measurement results for each characteristic of the electrode for an electrochemical element and the hybrid capacitor.
- an electrode active material layer can be formed easily, uniformly and with good adhesion on a perforated current collector having through holes on the front and back sides. Moreover, the electrochemical element provided with the obtained electrode has low internal resistance and good electrical characteristics. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, since the electrode active material layer formed on the base material and the perforated current collector are bonded together at room temperature, the electrode active material layer is uniform from the base material to the perforated current collector. The adhesion between the current collector and the electrode active material layer is poor. Moreover, an electrochemical element provided with the obtained electrode has high internal resistance and inferior electrical characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
(2)前記基材表面に形成した電極活物質層と集電体とを積層し、熱プレスして貼り合わせる工程、及び、
(3)電極活物質層から基材を分離する工程を有する電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。
前記基材表面に形成した電極活物質層と集電体とを積層し、熱プレスして貼り合わせる工程、及び、電極活物質層から基材を分離する工程を有することを特徴としている(図2参照)。
<基材>
本発明に使用される基材は、電極活物質層を基材上に塗工することができれば無機材料、有機材料制限はなく使用することが出来る。例えば、アルミニウム箔、銅箔、アイオノマーフィルム(IOフィルム)、ポリエチレンフィルム(PEフィルム)、ポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(PETフィルム)、ポリエチレンナフレタートフィルム(PENフィルム)、ポリ塩化ビニルフィルム(PVCフィルム)、ポリ塩化ビニリデンフィルム(PVDCフィルム)、ポリビニルアルコールフィルム(PVAフィルム)、ポリプロピレンフィルム(PPフィルム)、ポリエステルフィルム、ポリカーボネートフィルム(PCフィルム)、ポリスチレンフィルム(PSフィルム)、ポリアクリロニトリルフィルム(PANフィルム)、エチレン-酢酸ビニル共重合体フィルム(EVAフィルム)、エチレン-ビニルアルコール共重合体フィルム(EVOHフィルム)、エチレン-メタクリル酸共重合体フィルム(EMAAフィルム)、ナイロンフィルム(NYフィルム、ポリアミド(PA)フィルム)、セロファン、イミドフィルム、紙などが上げられる。また、上記フィルムを重ねた多層構造のフィルムを用いても良い。これらの中でも、汎用性や取扱性の観点から熱可塑性樹脂フィルムが好ましく、特にPETフィルム、PEフィルム、PPフィルム、PVCフィルム等が好ましい。
電極活物質層は、電極活物質、導電材及び結着材を含んでなる電極組成物から形成される。
(電極活物質)
本発明に用いる電極活物質は、電気化学素子用電極内で電子の受け渡しをする物質である。電極活物質には主としてリチウムイオン二次電池用活物質、電気二重層キャパシタ用活物質やリチウムイオンキャパシタ用活物質がある。
本発明に用いる導電材は、導電性を有し、電気二重層を形成し得る細孔を有さない粒子状の炭素の同素体からなり、具体的には、ファーネスブラック、アセチレンブラック、及びケッチェンブラック(アクゾノーベル ケミカルズ ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ社の登録商標)などの導電性カーボンブラックが挙げられる。これらの中でも、アセチレンブラックおよびファーネスブラックが好ましい。
本発明に用いる結着材は、電極活物質および導電材を相互に結着させることができる化合物であれば特に制限はない。好適な結着材は、溶媒に分散する性質のある分散型結着材である。分散型結着材として、例えば、フッ素重合体、ジエン重合体、アクリレート重合体、ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリウレタン等の高分子化合物が挙げられ、中でも、フッ素重合体、ジエン重合体又はアクリレート重合体が好ましく、ジエン重合体又はアクリレート重合体が、耐電圧を高くでき、かつ電気化学素子のエネルギー密度を高くすることができる点でより好ましい。
界面活性剤は、電極活物質、導電材および結着材を良分散し、またスラリーの表面張力を低下させ、塗工性を向上させる。界面活性剤としては、具体的には、アルキル硫酸エステル塩、アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩、脂肪酸塩、ナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物などの陰イオン性界面活性剤;ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、グリセリン脂肪酸エステルなどの非イオン性界面活性剤;アルキルアミン塩、第四級アンモニウム塩などの陽イオン性界面活性剤;アルキルアミンオキサイド、アルキルベタインなどの両性界面活性剤が挙げられ、陰イオン界面活性剤、非イオン性界面活性剤が好ましく、電気化学素子の耐久性に優れる点で陰イオン性界面活性剤が特に好ましい。
本発明において、有機溶剤を使用することで、スラリーの塗工性が向上する。また、沸点(常圧)が50~150℃の有機溶剤を使用すると、水系スラリーを塗布して形成した電極組成物の層を乾燥する際に、水の揮発とともに同時に有機溶媒が揮発するため、乾燥工程を簡素化できる。また、乾燥後の電極活物質層に有機溶剤が残存することもなく、電極の耐久性が向上する。有機溶剤としては、具体的には、メタノール、エタノール、イソプロパノールなどのアルコール類;酢酸メチル、酢酸エチルなどのアルキルエステル類;アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類などが挙げられ、好ましくはアルコール類、アルキルエステル類が挙げられ、電気化学素子の耐久性に優れる点でアルコール類が特に好ましい。
電極組成物は、上記電極活物質、導電材、結着材に加えて、これら各成分を均一に分散するため、分散剤を含んでいてもよい。
集電体を構成する材料の種類は、例えば、金属、炭素、導電性高分子等を用いることができ、好適には金属が用いられる。例えば電池やキャパシタなどの用途で提案されている種々の材質を用いることができ、正極用集電体にはアルミニウム、ステンレス等、負極用集電体にはステンレス、銅、ニッケル等をそれぞれ好適に用いることができる。また、集電体は貫通孔を有しない構造であってもよいが、本発明の方法は、特に表裏に貫通孔を有する集電体(孔開き集電体)上への電極活物質層の形成に適している。したがって、集電体は、例えばエキスパンドメタル、パンチングメタル、金属網、発泡体、エッチングにより貫通孔を付与したエッヂング箔、あるいはエンボスロールを用いて突起付与および貫通孔を付与された突起付き集電体等が好ましく用いられる。
本発明の製造方法では、前記各成分からなる電極組成物の層を基材1の表面に形成し、必要に応じ乾燥等を行い、電極活物質層を得る。電極活物質層の好ましい形成法としては、たとえば、電極組成物からなる複合粒子を基材上に供給し、乾式にてシート状に成形する方法(シート成形法);電極組成物を溶媒に分散させたスラリー(電極組成物スラリー)を基材上に塗工し、溶媒を揮発させる方法(塗布法)などが挙げられるが、基材1表面上に均一形成できる点で塗布法が好ましい。
電極活物質層の集電体2への貼り付けは、熱プレスにより行われる。熱プレスは、上記乾燥の前に行ってもよいし、乾燥の後でもよいが、好ましくは前述したように、スラリー乾燥後の電極活物質層を熱プレスにより集電体に貼り付ける。熱プレスを行うことにより、電極活物質層に含まれる結着材が塑性変形しやすく、集電体と電極活物質層との密着性が向上する。さらに、熱プレスにより、表面が平滑で均一な電極を得ることができる。また、乾燥後にプレスを行うと、電極密度を容易に高めることができる。
電極活物質層から基材を分離する方法は、特に制限されないが、たとえば電極活物質層を貼付後、電極活物質層が貼り付けられた集電体と、基材とを別々のロールに捲回することで、容易に分離することができる。かくして電極活物質層を有する集電体が得られる。
電極組成物の塗布方向が長辺となるように電極を長さ100mm、幅10mmの長方形に切り出して試験片とし、電極活物質層面を下にして電極活物質層表面にセロハンテープ(JIS Z1522に規定されるもの)を貼り付け、集電体の一端を垂直方向に引張り速度50mm/分で引張って剥がしたときの応力を測定する。測定を3回行い、その平均値を求めてこれをピール強度とする。ピール強度が大きいほど電極活物質層の集電体への接着強度、すなわち密着性が大きいことを示す。
基材の剥離処理面に純水2μlを滴下し、静的接触角を測定し、θ/2法により基材の剥離処理面の水との接触角を算出する。
電極活物質層を有する基材を集電体に熱プレス後、基材を剥離し、電極活物質層を集電体に転写する。転写後の基材上に残着した電極活物質層の重量を測定し、電極活物質層の転写率を算出する。基材上の電極活物質層の残着重量が小さいほど、転写率は高い。
電極活物質層の転写率(%)={集電体上の電極活物質層重量(g)-転写後の基材上の電極活物質重量(g)}/転写前の基材上の電極活物質重量(g)×100
なお、上式において、転写前の基材上の電極活物質層重量、転写後の基材上の電極活物質層重量は、以下の式により求められる。
転写前の基材上の電極活物質層重量=電極活物質層形成後の基材重量-電極活物質層形成前の基材重量
転写後の基材上の電極活物質層重量=転写後の基材重量-電極活物質層形成前の基材重量
集電体を平面観察し、単位面積当たりの貫通孔の面積を算出することで、集電体の開口率を算出する。
電極活物質層の厚さは、集電体の両面に電極活物質層を形成した後に、渦電流式変位センサ(センサヘッド部EX-110V、アンプユニット部EX-V02:キーエンス社製)を用いて測定する。長手方向2cm間隔、幅方向5cm間隔で各電極活物質層の厚さを測定し、それらの平均値を電極活物質層の厚さとする。
基材上に形成された電極活物質層の表面を目視で観察し、電極活物質層が均一なものを「良好」、スラリーのハジキ等により電極活物質層がまだらに形成されたものを「不良」として評価する。
110mAの定電流で充電を開始し、3.8Vの充電電圧に達したらその電圧を保って定電圧充電とし、20分間定電圧充電を行った時点で充電を完了する。次いで、充電終了直後に定電流110mAで2.1Vに達するまで放電を行う。この充放電操作を3サイクル行い、3サイクル目の放電曲線より、体積あたりの容量と内部抵抗を求める。
(正極用スラリーの製造方法)
正極の電極活物質として、フェノール樹脂を原料とするアルカリ賦活活性炭である体積平均粒子径が8μmの活性炭粉末(MSP-20;関西熱化学社製)を100部、分散剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムの1.5%水溶液(品番2200;ダイセル化学工業社製)を固形分相当で2部、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラック粉状;電気化学工業社製)を5部、結着剤としてガラス転移温度が-40℃で、数平均粒子径が0.25μmのジエン重合体(スチレン60部、ブタジエン35部、イタコン酸5部を乳化重合して得られる共重合体)の40%水分散体を固形分相当で3部およびイオン交換水を、全固形分濃度が35%となるようにプラネタリーミキサーにより混合し、正極用の電極組成物スラリーを調製した。
水平方向に40m/分の速度で走行する、基材にアルキド樹脂により剥離処理を施してある厚さ38μmポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(リンテック社製、基材の剥離処理面の水との接触角:97°)を用いて、前記記載の正極用の電極組成物スラリーをダイより吐出して塗布し、120℃で、5分間乾燥して、基材上へ厚さ130μmの正極の電極活物質層を有する基材を得て、これを巻き取った。
負極の電極活物質として、体積平均粒子径が2.7μmの黒鉛(KS-4、ティムカル社製)を100部、分散剤としてカルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウムの1.5%水溶液(品番2200;ダイセル化学工業社製)を固形分相当で2部、導電材としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラック粉状;電気化学工業社製)を5部、結着剤としてガラス転移温度が-40℃で、数平均粒子径が0.25μmのジエン重合体(スチレン60部、ブタジエン35部、イタコン酸5部を乳化重合して得られる共重合体)の40%水分散体を固形分相当で3部およびイオン交換水を、全固形分濃度が35%となるようにプラネタリーミキサーにより混合し、負極用の電極組成物スラリーを調製した。
水平方向に40m/分の速度で走行する、基材にアルキド樹脂により剥離処理を施してある厚さ38μmポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(リンテック社製、基材の剥離処理面の水との接触角:97°)を用いて、前記記載の負極用の電極組成物スラリーをダイより吐出して塗布し、120℃で、5分間乾燥して、基材上へ厚さ60μmの負極の電極活物質層を有する基材を得て、これを巻き取った。
上記で作製した両面電極(正極、負極)を、電極活物質層が形成されていない未塗工部が縦2cm×横2cm残るように、かつ電極活物質層が形成されている部分が縦5cm×横5cmになるように切り抜いた(未塗工部は電極活物質層が形成されている5cm×5cmの正方形の一辺をそのまま延長するように形成される。)。このように切り抜いた正極を10組、負極を11組を用意し、それぞれ未塗工部を超音波溶接する。さらに、正極はアルミ、負極はニッケルからなる、縦7cm×横1cm×厚み0.01cmのタブ材を、それぞれ積層溶接した未塗工部へ超音波溶接し、測定用電極を作製する。測定用電極は、200℃で24時間真空乾燥した。セパレータとして厚さ35μmのセルロース/レーヨン混合不織布を用いて、正極集電体、負極集電体の端子溶接部がそれぞれ反対側になるよう配置し、正極、負極が交互になるように、また積層した電極の最外部の電極がいずれも負極となるようにすべて積層した。最上部と最下部はセパレータを配置させて4辺をテープ留めした。
16日間室温にて放置後、セルを分解したところ、リチウム金属は完全に無くなっていたことから、リチウムは正極および負極の表裏間を移動して全ての負極に予備充電されたと判断した。
得られた電極活物質層のピール強度、基材表面と水との接触角、電極活物質層の転写率、電極活物質層の厚さ、高速塗工性、ハイブリッドキャパシタの容量と内部抵抗の測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、正極用組成物スラリー及び負極用組成物スラリーの結着剤として、ガラス転移温度が-40℃で、数平均粒子径が0.25μmのアクリレート重合体(アクリル酸2-エチルヘキシル96部、メタクリル酸4部を乳化重合した共重合体)の40%水分散体を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、及びハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、基材に、アルキド樹脂により剥離処理を施してある厚さ38μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(リンテック社製、基材の剥離処理面の水との接触角:82°)を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、基材に、アルキド樹脂により剥離処理を施してある厚さ38μmのポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム(リンテック社製、基材の剥離処理面の水との接触角:108°)を用いた他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、基材上に形成された電極活物質層と孔開き集電体とを貼り合わせるときの連続式ロールプレスの温度を50℃とした他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、基材上に形成された電極活物質層と孔開き集電体とを貼り合わせるときの連続式ロールプレスの温度を150℃とした他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、正極用組成物スラリーおよび負極用組成物スラリーに、界面活性剤として非イオン性界面活性剤のポリオキシエチレンジスチレン化フェニルエーテル(エマルゲンA-60;花王社製)を4部加えた他は、実施例2と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、正極用組成物スラリーおよび負極用組成物スラリーに、界面活性剤として陰イオン性界面活性剤であるナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物(デモールN;花王社製)を4部加えた他は、実施例2と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、正極用組成物スラリーおよび負極用組成物スラリーに、有機溶剤としてアルキルエステル類である酢酸エチルを4部加えた他は、実施例2と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、正極用組成物スラリーおよび負極用組成物スラリーに、有機溶剤としてアルコール類であるイソプロパノールを4部加えた他は、実施例2と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例2において、正極用組成物スラリーおよび負極用組成物スラリーに、界面活性剤として陰イオン性界面活性剤であるナフタレンスルホン酸ホルマリン縮合物(デモール;花王社製)を4部、有機溶剤としてアルコール類であるイソプロパノールを4部加えた他は、実施例2と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
実施例1において、電極活物質層と孔開き集電体とを貼り合わせるときの連続式ロールプレスの温度を25℃とした他は、実施例1と同様に正極用の電気化学素子用電極、負極用の電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタを作製した。電気化学素子用電極、ハイブリッドキャパシタの各特性について測定結果を表1に示す。
本発明によれば、実施例1~11に示すように、表裏に貫通孔を有する孔開き集電体上に簡便に、しかも均一かつ密着性良く電極活物質層を形成することができる。また、得られた電極を備える電気化学素子は、内部抵抗は低く、電気特性も良好である。
一方、比較例1は、基材上に形成された電極活物質層と、孔開き集電体とを室温で貼り合わせているため、基材から孔開き集電体へ電極活物質層が均一に転写されず、集電体と電極活物質層との密着性が悪い。また、得られる電極を備える電気化学素子は、内部抵抗が高く、電気特性も劣る。
2…集電体
3…塗工機
4…乾燥機
10,12,14…アンワインダー
11,13,15…ワインダー
16…ラミネーター
Claims (14)
- (1)電極活物質、導電材及び結着材を含んでなる電極組成物を用いて基材表面に電極活物質層を形成する工程、
(2)前記基材表面に形成した電極活物質層と集電体とを積層し、熱プレスして貼り合わせる工程、及び、
(3)電極活物質層から基材を分離する工程を有する電気化学素子用電極の製造方法。 - 前記(1)の工程において、前記基材表面が、予め剥離処理が施されてなるものである請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 前記剥離処理が、熱可塑性樹脂フィルムに、その片面または両面に熱硬化樹脂にて剥離処理を施してなるものである請求項2に記載の製造方法。
- 前記基材の剥離処理面における水との接触角が、80~110°である請求項2又は3に記載の製造方法。
- 前記(1)の工程が、前記電極組成物と水とを含んでなる水系スラリーを、剥離処理された基材表面に塗工する工程を含むものである請求項2~4のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記(1)の工程が、電極活物質、導電材及び結着材を含んでなる電極組成物のスラリーを前記基材表面に塗工後、乾燥する工程を含むものである請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記集電体が、孔開き集電体である請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記結着材が、アクリレート系重合体を含む請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、さらに界面活性剤を含んでなるものである請求項1~8のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記電極組成物が、さらに沸点50~150℃の有機溶剤を含んでなるものである請求項1~9のいずれかに記載の製造方法。
- 前記界面活性剤が、陰イオン性界面活性剤である請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- 前記有機溶剤が、アルコール類である請求項10に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~12のいずれかの製造方法により得られた電気化学素子用電極を備える電気化学素子。
- 前記電気化学素子が、ハイブリッドキャパシタである請求項13に記載の電気化学素子。
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| CN2009801477636A CN102227832A (zh) | 2008-09-29 | 2009-09-28 | 电化学元件用电极的制造方法 |
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| JP7355931B2 (ja) | 2019-12-25 | 2023-10-03 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | 電気化学装置及びそれを含む電子装置 |
| JP2023511234A (ja) * | 2020-02-28 | 2023-03-16 | ソウル ナショナル ユニバーシティ アール アンド ディービー ファウンデーション | リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 |
| JP7446011B2 (ja) | 2020-02-28 | 2024-03-08 | ソウル ナショナル ユニバーシティ アール アンド ディービー ファウンデーション | リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法 |
| WO2023032717A1 (ja) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-03-09 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | 電気化学素子正極用バインダー組成物、電気化学素子正極用導電材分散液、電気化学素子正極用スラリー組成物、電気化学素子用正極および電気化学素子 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8821593B2 (en) | 2014-09-02 |
| JP5413368B2 (ja) | 2014-02-12 |
| US20110176255A1 (en) | 2011-07-21 |
| KR20110066154A (ko) | 2011-06-16 |
| JPWO2010035827A1 (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
| CN102227832A (zh) | 2011-10-26 |
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