WO2010000888A1 - Preparación de carbamatos con catalizadores sólidos - Google Patents
Preparación de carbamatos con catalizadores sólidos Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010000888A1 WO2010000888A1 PCT/ES2008/070232 ES2008070232W WO2010000888A1 WO 2010000888 A1 WO2010000888 A1 WO 2010000888A1 ES 2008070232 W ES2008070232 W ES 2008070232W WO 2010000888 A1 WO2010000888 A1 WO 2010000888A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/48—Silver or gold
- B01J23/52—Gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C263/04—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid from or via carbamates or carbamoyl halides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C269/00—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
- C07C269/04—Preparation of derivatives of carbamic acid, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atom not being part of nitro or nitroso groups from amines with formation of carbamate groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/10—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of rare earths
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/56—Platinum group metals
- B01J23/63—Platinum group metals with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/83—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with rare earths or actinides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/18—Gold
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for producing carbamates and their corresponding isocyanates by reacting aliphatic and aromatic amines or polyamines with organic carbonates in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts.
- Organic carbamates can react with amines to give rise to carbamates that are widely used compounds in a large number of applications including pharmaceutical preparations, agro-compound production (pesticides and herbicides).
- carbamates are used as precursors in the synthesis of isocyanates that can be used as monomers in the synthesis of polyurethanes.
- dialkyl carbonates can react with amines in two different ways. Either forming carbamates or forming ⁇ / -alkylation products. This second reaction acts in competition with the first and is undesirable when what is sought is the synthesis of selective carbamates (Scheme 1).
- dimethyl carbonate The most widely used organic carbonate and which has received the most attention due to its accessibility is dimethyl carbonate, although other dialkyl carbonates and alicyclic carbonates can act analogously to dimethyl carbonate and can act in the presence of amines such as alkylating agents or carbamoylating agents.
- Other organic carbonates that can be used are aromatic carbonates such as diphenylcarbonate or carbonates with polyfluorinated alkyl groups.
- WO 2005/063698 proposes the use of basic solid catalysts for the synthesis of carbamates from ureas and dimethylcarbonate or diphenylcarbonate.
- the present invention relates to a method of preparing carbamates comprising, the reaction between at least:
- the catalyst further comprises a metal of groups 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 of the periodic system, more preferably 9, 10 and 1 1.
- the catalyst support mentioned is a metal oxide that is selected from at least one of the following oxides, AI 2 O 3, MgO, CaO,
- the support is Ce x O y , ZrO 2 , Fe x O y or Y 2 O 3 .
- x and y have any possible value, depending on the oxidation state of the metal containing the said oxides.
- Metal oxides can vary, for example between amorphous, crystalline and structured, both laminar and porosity in the range 0.7 to 100 nm. These oxides that are used as support can contain two or more metals. The crystallographic phase can be pure or mixture of several in any proportion. The particle size of the support can be comprised between several nanometers up to several microns. The oxide may be stoichiometric or the ratio between the metal and the oxygen differ from that expected based on the valences of the elements. These metal oxides also exhibit an intrinsic catalytic activity promoting the reaction of N-carbamoylation between aromatic amines and organic carbonates. Generally, the catalytic efficiency inherent in metal oxides in terms of reaction rate is improved with the deposition of gold nanoparticles.
- the preferred particle size of the mentioned catalyst is between 1 and 50 nm.
- the catalyst support is at least a microporous material, more preferably a zeolitic material.
- the catalyst support is at least one structured mesoporous material.
- the catalyst support is at least one anionic laminar compound of the hydrotalcite type or its derivatives.
- the catalyst support is at least one organic polymer. This organic polymer may preferably be a copolymer selected from styrene copolymer, 4-hydroxyethylstyrene copolymer and 4-glycidylstyrene copolymer.
- the organic polymer may also preferably be a dendrimer type polymer.
- the dendrimers preferred are those containing nitrogen atoms such as the poletilenimine and the third and fourth generation polyamidoamines, preferably PAMAM type dendrimers.
- the organic polymer can be a PEI type polymer.
- the metal is selected from Fe, Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Rh, Ir, Au or any mixture thereof, more preferably from Cu, Ag, Pd, Pt, Ni, Co, Rh, Ir, Au or any mixture thereof.
- This metal or any of its combinations may be in a preferred percentage between 0.01 and 10% by weight with respect to the catalyst, more preferably between 0.1 and 6%.
- the metal may have a particle size selected between 1 and 20 nm, more preferably between 2 and 10 nm.
- the catalyst metal described is gold.
- nanoparticulate metal oxides containing or not gold and gold nanoparticles in organic polymeric supports are capable of selectively catalyzing the reaction between an amine or polyamine and an organic carbonate.
- the behavior of the nanoparticulate metal oxides used as a type of support for the gold nanoparticles or even the behavior of the gold nanoparticles supported on various solids allows us to predict the catalytic behavior in the reaction of amines with organic carbonates that surprisingly do not expected based on the knowledge of the state of the art are highly efficient and selective promoting the exclusive formation of N-carbamoylation products.
- the metal is gold
- it is preferably in the form of particles in which the size of these gold nanoparticles is of vital importance in the catalytic activity, since the activity of the Catalyst decreases strongly when gold particles exceed a size of 20 nm.
- a more suitable particle size according to the method of the present invention would be between 1 and 20 nm, preferably between 2 and 10 nm.
- the nature of the support has an influence on the activity and final selectivity of the catalyst.
- the resulting material does not exhibit the desired activity and selectivity for the carbamoylation reaction of aromatic amines with organic carbonates.
- a suitable support for gold can be any of those described above.
- cerium oxide of nanometric particle size exhibits a catalytic activity to promote the carbamoylation of aromatic amines.
- the other nanometric metal oxides mentioned above have catalytic activity to promote the carbamoylation of aromatic amines.
- this activity measured as reaction rate increases significantly towards the N-carbamoylated derivative is increased in the preferred embodiment in which the cerium oxide is modified by adsorption of gold nanoparticles.
- reaction conditions for the formation of carbamates according to the preferred embodiment in which gold is used as the metal in the catalyst are milder than those described so far.
- temperatures between 20 and 200 0 C and sufficient pressure to maintain the reactants in liquid phase may be employed.
- the type of support shows less activity than catalysts containing gold.
- cerium oxide, titanium oxide and iron oxide in the absence of gold nanoparticles give lower conversions than analogs containing gold nanoparticles.
- gold is incorporated on any of the mentioned supports, especially in the case of metal oxides in amounts between 0.01 and 10% and more preferably between 0.1 and 6% by weight with respect to the catalyst, Ia Activation and selectivity of the material is surprisingly greater.
- the behavior of the catalyst in the reactions described cannot be deduced or derived from the knowledge of the state of the art in catalysis using nanoparticles of metal oxides containing or not gold.
- organic polymers that interact with the gold nanoparticles by means of forces of the metal p-atom type and that trap and immobilize the gold nanoparticles by interlacing the polymeric chains around the nanoparticles.
- polystyrene or a copolymer containing styrene monomers and derivatives can be used as support.
- a preferred embodiment is that in which three co-monomers (styrene, glycidylstyrene and p-2-hydroxyethylstyrene) form a polymeric support.
- the proportions of the monomers can be varied over a wide range with a preferred ratio of styrene / p-glycidylstyrene / p-2-hydroxyethylstyrene.
- Polystyrenes containing other neutral or positively or negatively charged co-monomers, polyacrylates and polyacrylamides are other polymers that can be used as support.
- soluble polymers of the dendrimer type can serve as supports for gold nanoparticles.
- a preferred embodiment of the present invention consists of 0.1-4% by weight of gold with a crystal size between 2 and 10 nm on cerium oxide.
- the supports can be amorphous, but they can also have some kind of structure.
- the supports can be laminates such as hydrotalcite type materials or derived from mixed oxides of AI 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, CuO, CoO, Fe 2 O 3 , Ce 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , AND 2 OR 3 .
- R and R ' are identical and are simple alkyl groups such as methyl or ethyl.
- the carbonate is dimethyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate.
- glycerin derivatives are especially important.
- R and R ' may be fluorinated alkyl groups.
- the organic carbonate may be selected from bis (2-fluoroethyl) carbonate, bis (3- fluoropropyl) carbonate, bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate, bis (1,3) carbonate - difluoro-2-propyl), bis (1,1,1-tri-fluoro-2-propyl) carbonate, bis (2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro propyl) carbonate, bis (2,2, 3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl), bis (1-fluoro-2-butyl) carbonate, bis (2-fluoro-1-butyl) carbonate, bis (1-fluoro-2-methyl-2-propyl carbonate) ), bis (2-fluoro-2-methyl-1-propyl) carbonate, bis (1 H, 1 H, 2H, 2H-perfluoro-1-hexyl) carbonate, bis (perflufluoro)
- the process of the present invention comprises, among others, an aliphatic or aromatic amine or polyamines, which preferably is an amine of formula R (NH 2 ) n where R is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted alkyl with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, aryl substituted or unsubstituted with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, arylalkyl substituted or unsubstituted with 7 to 15 carbon atoms, alkenyl substituted or unsubstituted with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted alkynyl or not substituted with 2 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl substituted or unsubstituted with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, cycloalkenyl substituted or unsubstituted with 4 to 20 carbon atoms and cycloalkynyl substituted or unsubstituted with 5 to 20 carbon atoms; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 0 6.
- the amine or polyamine is selected from the group consisting of n-propylamine, isopropylamine, n-butylamine, n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, laurylamine, cyclopentylamine, hexyl amine, cyclooctylamine, 1,2-diaminoethane, 1, 12-diaminododecane, 1, 4- diaminocyclohexane, 1,3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1,4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 2,4-diaminodiphenylmethane hydrogenated toluenediamine hydrogenated, aniline, benzylamine, 2-aminotoluene, 4- aminotoluene, 2,4' -diaminodifenilmetano, 4,4' - diamino diphenylmethane, 2,2 '
- the process of the invention allows obtaining aliphatic and aromatic carbamates of amines and polyamines with a high yield and high purity while the heterogeneous nature of the solid catalyst, preferably based on gold, facilitates its separation, recovery and reuse.
- the carbamates obtained according to the process of the present invention can also be transformed into their corresponding isocyanate, for example by heat treatment or by reaction in basic medium or with the use of catalysts.
- polyisocyanates are 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, isomeric diisocyanates derived from diaminophenylmethanes and diisocyanates of hexamethylenediamine and other primary D-diamines with a hydrocarbon chain of between three and twelve atoms of carbon.
- the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure opens.
- the filtered liquid contains 2,4-bis- (methoxycarbonylamino) toluene in 91% yield.
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH
- Example 3 Reaction of diethyl carbonate with aniline in the presence of gold nanoparticles supported on cerium oxide.
- Aniline (0.051 g) is dissolved in diethyl carbonate (1.95 g) and to the mixture contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure, 190 mg of a gold catalyst on cerium oxide (1.6% by weight of gold).
- the vial is sealed and heated at 150 0 C for 6 h. After 6 h, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure it opens.
- the filtered liquid contains N- (methoxycarbonyl) aniline in a 98% yield.
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH 10 and then acetone. The solid is allowed to filter and reused in a second reaction without appreciable change in activity.
- the copolymer of styrene, 4- (2- hydroxyethoxy) styrene and 4-glycidylstyrene containing gold nanoparticles is prepared according to the state of the art and particularly as described in the reference (H Miyamura, R Matsubara, Y Miyazaki, S Kobayashi : Aerobic oxidation of alcohols at room temperature and atmospheric conditions catalyzed by reusable gold nanoclusters stabilized by the benzene rings of polystyrene derivatives. Angewandte Chemie- International Edition 46 (2007) 4151-54).
- 2,4-Toluenediamine (1.22 g) is added to bis (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) carbonate (67.8 g, 30 equivalents) and the mixture is heated to 60 0 C. When the mixture reaches this temperature it is added the copolymer containing gold nanoparticles at 1% by weight. The mixture is stirred magnetically for 1 h. After that time, the mixture is allowed to cool to room temperature and the solid is filtered off. The liquid phase is allowed to crystallize at room temperature, collecting a solid corresponding to bis-carbamate of 0-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl of 2,4-toluenediamine with a degree of purity greater than 90%.
- the yield of the reaction is 95% with respect to 2,4-toluenediamine.
- the carbamate can be recrystallized from 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. Physical properties: Melting point 119 0 C; IR wave number: 3286, 2981, 1708, 1546, 1772, 1087 cm “1 , 1 H NMR ⁇ : 2.35, 4.60, 7.02, 7.26, 7.90 ppm.
- the liquid phase is allowed to crystallize at room temperature, collecting a solid corresponding to the O-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl bis carbamate of 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane with a degree of purity greater than 90%.
- the yield of the reaction is 90% with respect to 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane.
- the carbamate can be recrystallized from 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.
- 2,4-Toluenediamine (0.145 g) is dissolved in dimethyl carbonate (2.138 g) and To the mixture contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure, 12.8 mg of a gold catalyst on titanium oxide (P-25, 80% anatase, 1.5% by weight of gold) is added. The vial is sealed and heated to 13O 0 is C for 20 h. After 20 h, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure it opens. The filtrate contains 2, 4- (N, N '- dimethylamino) toluene with a 15% yield and are 2,4- diaminotoluene unreacted (83%).
- 2,4-Toluenediamine (0.1 g) is dissolved in dimethyl carbonate (2.138 g) and 180 mg of a platinum catalyst on cerium (0.44% is added to the mixture contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure) platinum weight).
- This catalyst is prepared from 100 ml of an aqueous solution containing 9.25 mg of hydrated tetrachloroplatinic acid which is neutralized at pH 10 with a 0.2 N aqueous solution of NaOH.
- nanoparticulate cerium oxide powder is added, the pH being adjusted again to a value of 10 with the NaOH solution.
- the suspension is magnetically stirred overnight.
- the solid is then filtered, washed thoroughly with milliQ water and dried at 100 oC in an oven.
- the solid is poured into a flask containing 1-phenylethanol to Ia temperature of 160 oC in magnetic stirring.
- the suspension is maintained at 160 ° C for 20 minutes and then the solid is filtered, extracted consecutively with acetone and water, being ready for use as a carbamoylation catalyst.
- the vial containing toluendiamine, dimethyl carbonate and platinum catalyst is sealed and heated at 150 ° C for 22 h. After this time, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure opens.
- the filtered liquid contains 2,4-bis- (methoxycarbonylamino) toluene with a 53% yield.
- the reaction mixture contains 27% of the isomers for and ortho of the mono carbamoylated derivative.
- the reaction mixture is free of N-methylation compounds.
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH 10 and then acetone. The solid is filtered and reused in a second reaction without appreciable change in activity.
- this palladium catalyst 180 mg are added to a solution of 2,4-toluenediamine (0.1 g) in dimethyl carbonate (2,138 g) contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure.
- the vial is sealed and heated to 150 oC. After 22 h, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure it opens.
- the filtered liquid contains 2,4-bis- (methoxycarbonylamino) toluene in a 57% yield.
- the reaction mixture contains 30% of the isomers for and ortho of the carbamoylated mono derivative.
- the reaction mixture is free of N- compounds methylation
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH 10 and then acetone. The solid is filtered and reused in a second reaction without appreciable change in activity.
- this silver catalyst 180 mg are added to a solution of 2,4-toluenediamine (0.1 g) in dimethyl carbonate (2,138 g) contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure.
- the vial is sealed and heated to 150 oC. After 22 h, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure it opens.
- the filtered liquid contains 2,4-bis- (methoxycarbonylamino) toluene in a 16% yield.
- the reaction mixture contains 3% of the isomers for and ortho of the mono carbamoylated derivative.
- the reaction mixture is free of N-methylation compounds.
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH 10 and then acetone. The solid is filtered and reused in a second reaction without appreciable change in activity.
- the catalyst consisting of 1% by weight copper nanoparticles supported on nanoparticulate cerium oxide is prepared following the procedure described for the platinum catalyst supported on cerium, but using 23.8 mg of copper acetate as a substrate. 180 mg of this copper catalyst are added to a solution of 2,4-toluenediamine (0.1 g) in dimethyl carbonate (2,138 g) contained in a vial capable of withstanding pressure. The vial is sealed and heated to 150 oC. After 22 h, the mixture is allowed to cool and after reaching atmospheric pressure it opens. The filtered liquid contains 2,4-bis- (methoxycarbonylamino) toluene in 69% yield.
- reaction mixture contains 29% of the isomers for and ortho of the carbamoylated mono derivative.
- the reaction mixture is free of N-methylation compounds.
- the catalyst is recovered by filtration, washed with water at pH 10 and then acetone. The solid is filtered and reused in a second reaction without appreciable change in activity.
- a titanium oxide catalyst doped with Fe is prepared from Degussa P25 titanium oxide (10 g. This titanium oxide is impregnated with a solution of 0.1715 g of iron nitrate in 10 ml of milliQ water. The mixture is stirred at 50 oC until the liquid phase evaporates and then the solid is dried at 100 oC and calcined at 400 oC in an oven for 5 hours. The final iron content measured by atomic absorption was 0.56% by weight. The reaction of 2,4-toluenediamine (0.11 g) in dimethyl carbonate (2.2 g) is carried out in a vial capable of withstanding pressure for 15 h.
- the filtered liquid contains a mixture where the mono carbamoylation has been produced in a percentage of 74%.
- the catalyst of this example is prepared from nanoparticulate cerium oxide identical to that used in the preparation of the Au / Ce ⁇ 2 catalyst. It is prepared in this way: a solution of 24.2 mg of iron chloride hexahydrate in 100 ml of milliQ water. The pH of the solution is adjusted to 10 with a 0.2 M solution of NaOH. Once stabilized to the solution, 1 g of nanoparticulate Ce ⁇ 2 is added, readjusting the pH again to its value of 10. The suspension is stirred for 8 h.
- the solid is filtered and washed thoroughly with MilliQ water until a negative test of chloride in the water is observed with silver nitrate as a reagent.
- the volume used in the preparation of 1 g of Fe / Ce ⁇ 2 catalyst was 2 L.
- the solid is dried in the oven at 100 0 C and subsequently a flask is added where 10 g of 1-phenylethanol are found at a temperature of 160 oC.
- the suspension is kept under stirring at this temperature for 30 minutes.
- the solid is filtered, washed with acetone and water and allowed to dry before being used as a carbamoylation catalyst.
- the filtered liquid contains a mixture of the dicarbamoylated product in 84% and a mixture of the ortho and mono carbamoylated isomers in 16%. The formation of products derived from N-methylation was not observed.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2011515489A JP5518056B2 (ja) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | 固体触媒を用いたカルバメートの生成 |
| EP08874862.9A EP2316822B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | Preparation of carbamates with solid catalysts |
| US13/002,439 US8735621B2 (en) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | Preparation of carbamates with solid catalysts |
| CN200880130226.6A CN102099327B (zh) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | 用固体催化剂制备氨基甲酸酯类化合物 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200802101A ES2331505B2 (es) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-07-04 | Preparacion de carbamatos con catalizadores solidos. |
| ES200802101 | 2008-07-04 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2010000888A1 true WO2010000888A1 (es) | 2010-01-07 |
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| PCT/ES2008/070232 Ceased WO2010000888A1 (es) | 2008-07-04 | 2008-12-16 | Preparación de carbamatos con catalizadores sólidos |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8735621B2 (es) |
| EP (1) | EP2316822B1 (es) |
| JP (1) | JP5518056B2 (es) |
| CN (1) | CN102099327B (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2331505B2 (es) |
| WO (1) | WO2010000888A1 (es) |
Cited By (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010103155A1 (es) * | 2009-03-10 | 2010-09-16 | Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (Csic) (50%) | Preparación de carbamatos en "one pot" con catalizadores sólidos |
| JP5682622B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-02 | 2015-03-11 | 旭硝子株式会社 | カルバメート化合物の製造方法、カルバメート化合物、およびこれを用いたイソシアネート化合物の製造方法 |
| WO2018019948A1 (en) | 2016-07-29 | 2018-02-01 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Polypeptides having cellulolytic enhancing activity and uses thereof |
| WO2018096019A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2018-05-31 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Enzyme composition |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2316822A1 (en) | 2011-05-04 |
| CN102099327B (zh) | 2014-07-16 |
| US20110124902A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
| JP2011526606A (ja) | 2011-10-13 |
| ES2331505A1 (es) | 2010-01-05 |
| ES2331505B2 (es) | 2010-09-20 |
| US8735621B2 (en) | 2014-05-27 |
| CN102099327A (zh) | 2011-06-15 |
| JP5518056B2 (ja) | 2014-06-11 |
| EP2316822A4 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
| EP2316822B1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
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