WO2010098364A1 - 人工皮革、長繊維絡合ウェブおよびそれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
人工皮革、長繊維絡合ウェブおよびそれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2010098364A1 WO2010098364A1 PCT/JP2010/052899 JP2010052899W WO2010098364A1 WO 2010098364 A1 WO2010098364 A1 WO 2010098364A1 JP 2010052899 W JP2010052899 W JP 2010052899W WO 2010098364 A1 WO2010098364 A1 WO 2010098364A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/0002—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate
- D06N3/0004—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the substrate using ultra-fine two-component fibres, e.g. island/sea, or ultra-fine one component fibres (< 1 denier)
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/10—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof
- D06M11/05—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with hydrogen, water or heavy water; with hydrides of metals or complexes thereof; with boranes, diboranes, silanes, disilanes, phosphines, diphosphines, stibines, distibines, arsines, or diarsines or complexes thereof with water, e.g. steam; with heavy water
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
- D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D06M15/564—Polyureas, polyurethanes or other polymers having ureide or urethane links; Precondensation products forming them
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/007—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by mechanical or physical treatments
- D06N3/0075—Napping, teasing, raising or abrading of the resin coating
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
- D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
- D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/16—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using dispersed, e.g. acetate, dyestuffs
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P3/00—Special processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the material treated
- D06P3/34—Material containing ester groups
- D06P3/36—Material containing ester groups using dispersed dyestuffs
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
- D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06N2211/00—Specially adapted uses
- D06N2211/12—Decorative or sun protection articles
- D06N2211/28—Artificial leather
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
- Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glossy artificial leather and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention further relates to a long fiber entangled web comprising ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a long fiber entangled web that can produce an artificial leather having glossiness, drape without rebound, high peel strength, and the like, with less fiber damage due to cutting or the like. Furthermore, a long-fiber entangled web capable of producing a synthetic leather with a silver tone that produces a natural crease like a natural leather and a suede-like artificial leather having a raised surface and an elegant appearance with excellent gloss and touch. About.
- the present invention further relates to a method for producing the artificial leather and the long fiber entangled web.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a foamed polyurethane nubuck type artificial leather having metallic powder.
- conventional artificial leather is made by stapling ultra-fine fiber-generating fibers made of two types of polymers with different solvent solubility, and web-forming using a card, cross wrapper, random weber, etc.
- the fiber is entangled with each other to form a non-woven fabric, and then a polymer elastic body such as polyurethane dissolved in a solvent is applied, and a component in the composite fiber is removed to obtain an ultrafine fiber. Yes.
- the staple fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric structure have a short fiber length, the tendency to be pulled out or fall off from the nonwoven fabric structure is inevitable. Due to this tendency, important surface properties such as the friction durability of the raised surface of the suede-like artificial leather and the adhesive peel strength of the silver-like artificial leather become insufficient. Furthermore, there are problems such as large elongation in the manufacturing process, fluffing of the surface fibers, inferior fullness and surface feeling, and poor quality stability.
- long fiber nonwoven fabrics do not require a series of large-scale equipment such as raw fiber supply devices, fiber opening devices, card machines, and the like, and the manufacturing method is simple, and the strength and shape stability are also short. There is an advantage that it is superior to a fiber nonwoven fabric.
- products that are commercially available are silver fibers having a long-fiber base material with a normal fineness of 0.5 dtex or more.
- Artificial leather that is a toned artificial leather and uses ultrafine fibers has not yet been marketed.
- Patent Document 2 As a method of preventing the above-described unevenness and improving bulkiness, a method of partially cutting long fibers to partially eliminate strain and densify has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 2 long fibers are actively cut when entangled by a needle punch, and 5-100 pieces / mm 2 of fiber cut ends are present on the surface of the non-woven fabric, whereby long fibers are entangled. It is described that the distortion generated characteristically is eliminated.
- an arbitrary cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the long fiber nonwoven fabric there are 5 to 70 fiber bundles per 1 cm width (that is, the number of fibers oriented in the thickness direction by the needle punch is 1 cm in width of the cross section). Equivalent to 5 to 70 per unit).
- the total area occupied by the fiber bundle is 5 to 70% of the cross-sectional area in an arbitrary cross-section orthogonal to the thickness direction of the long-fiber nonwoven fabric.
- the advantage of the long fibers that is, the contribution to the strong physical properties of the nonwoven fabric due to the continuity of the fibers is significantly reduced, and the characteristics of the long fibers cannot be fully utilized.
- the spunbond fleece is heat treated with a calender roll before needle punching to adjust the shrinkage of the fiber and adjust the texture and density of the final product while improving transportability.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an artificial leather capable of exhibiting sufficient gloss without being coated with a metallic powder pigment or the like, and a method for producing the artificial leather for efficiently producing the same. .
- the present inventor manufactured high-quality artificial leather with silver, semi-silver artificial leather, and suede artificial leather without actively cutting long fibers in order to make full use of the characteristics of long fibers.
- the web of ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers immediately after spinning each long fiber is loosely restrained, so it is difficult to convey the web, and when the web is wrapped to form a stacked web, There were various problems in the manufacturing process such as falling apart.
- the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers are non-crimped, even if the ultrafine fiber generating long fiber web is needle punched, the long fibers are not easily entangled with each other and it is difficult to obtain a highly entangled nonwoven fabric.
- the present invention further provides a long fiber entangled web capable of solving the above-mentioned problems and capable of producing high-quality silver-tone artificial leather, semi-silver-tone artificial leather, and suede-like artificial leather, and a method for producing the same.
- the purpose is to do.
- the present invention has a base layer and a surface layer formed on one surface of the base layer, and the base layer includes a fiber bundle of ultrafine fibers and a polymer elastic body, and the surface layer Is an ultra-thin fiber, or an artificial leather that is composed of an ultra-thin fiber and a polymer elastic body and satisfies the following conditions.
- X / Y ⁇ 1.5 In the above formula, X is the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fibers existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in an arbitrary cross section of the artificial leather, and Y is a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in a cross section orthogonal to the cross section. The number of cut ends of the ultra-thin filaments present in FIG.
- the present invention also provides: (A method for producing artificial leather comprising the following steps (1) to (5).
- a step of producing a long fiber web comprising ultrafine fiber generating long fibers (2) A step of applying an entanglement treatment to the long fiber web to produce a long fiber entangled web; (3) sequentially converting the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers in the long fiber entangled web into a fiber bundle of ultrafine fibers and producing an entangled nonwoven fabric in sequence, (4) A step of applying a polymer elastic body to the entangled nonwoven fabric, and (5) raising ultrafine fibers from a fiber bundle existing on the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric, and shaping the raised ultrafine fibers.
- Treatment, or hair treatment of the fiber bundle present on the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric treatment of raising ultrafine fibers from the fiber bundle that has been trimmed, the ultrafine fibers, or the ultrafine fibers and the high fibers It consists of a molecular elastic body, and the following conditions X / Y ⁇ 1.5
- X is the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fibers existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in an arbitrary cross section of the artificial leather
- Y is a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in a cross section orthogonal to the cross section.
- the number of cut ends of the ultra-thin filaments present in FIG. Forming a surface layer that satisfies the conditions.
- the inventors of the present invention heat-pressed the ultrafine fiber-generating long fiber web surface immediately after spinning at a low temperature of 90 ° C. or less to temporarily fuse the long fibers in the surface portion in a specific state.
- a long fiber entangled web that complies with the above purpose can be obtained by needle punching under controlled conditions to sufficiently entangle the long fibers and subdividing the temporarily fused portions. More specifically, a necessary number of provisional fusion points suitable for the needle needle barbs are created on the surface of the long fiber web before lamination, and then the entanglement is advanced while the provisional fusion points are subdivided as the needle punch proceeds.
- the present inventors have found that a high-entangled long fiber entangled web in which yarn breakage is suppressed can be obtained.
- the present invention comprises non-crimped ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers that are three-dimensionally entangled, and the portion where 2 to 5 ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers are fused is 20 / mm 2 near the surface.
- the present invention relates to the following long fiber entangled web.
- the present invention further includes the following sequential steps: (1) a step of producing a long fiber web using non-crimped ultrafine fiber generating long fibers; (2) A step of producing a temporary fusion long fiber web in which one or both surfaces of the long fiber web are hot-pressed and the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers in the vicinity of the surface are temporarily fused; (3) Using the needle having a throat depth of 4 to 20 times the thickness of the ultrafine fiber generating long fiber, the temporary fusion long fiber web has a puncture depth of 50 or more and a distance from the needle tip to the first barb.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a long fiber entangled web including a step of punching a needle late.
- the present invention it is possible to provide an artificial leather that exhibits a sufficient glossiness without being coated with a metallic powder pigment or the like, and a method for efficiently producing the same. Furthermore, in the present invention, the non-crimped ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers are entangled after temporary fusion, so that a high entangled long fiber entangled web is obtained. Moreover, since it is temporarily fused, the conveyance and handling of the long fiber web are facilitated, and the production efficiency is improved. Furthermore, since the ultrafine fiber generation type long fibers can be entangled without intentionally cutting, the long fiber entangled web and the artificial leather produced therefrom have peel strength, etc. Excellent mechanical properties.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a longitudinal section of the artificial leather of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a cross-section in the lateral direction of the artificial leather of Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a longitudinal section of an artificial leather of Comparative Example 1.
- 3 is a scanning electron micrograph showing a cross-section in the lateral direction of the artificial leather of Comparative Example 1. It is a scanning electron micrograph (20 times) which shows the surface vicinity of the temporary melt
- the artificial leather of the present invention has a base layer and a surface layer formed on one surface of the base layer.
- the base layer includes a fiber bundle of ultrafine fibers and a polymer elastic body, and the surface layer is composed of ultrafine fibers, or is composed of ultrafine fibers and a polymer elastic body.
- the artificial leather of the present invention satisfies the following conditions.
- X / Y ⁇ 1.5 (In the above formula, X is the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fibers existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in an arbitrary cross section of the artificial leather, and Y is a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in a cross section orthogonal to the cross section. The number of cut ends of the ultra-thin filaments present in FIG.
- X / Y is in this range, the orientation of the ultrathin fibers in the surface layer partially or entirely in a certain direction is provided. As a result, external light is reflected at the oriented portions, and a good gloss feeling is obtained.
- X / Y is less than 1.5, sufficient metallic luster cannot be obtained.
- the metallic luster is expected to increase as the ratio approaches infinity, but if it exceeds 50, the metallic luster is hardly changed, and the number of treatments is also reduced from the viewpoint of production cost. There is no merit just by increasing. In practice, the use of 20 or less is practical. Accordingly, X / Y is preferably 1.5 to 50, and more preferably 1.5 to 20.
- the surface of artificial leather is subjected to hot press treatment at 165 ° C. and 400 N / cm, and after fixing the fluff orientation near the surface, using a single-blade razor, Cut from the surface at once so that the fiber orientation does not collapse. Then, an image of the cut surface is taken by SEM (for example, a photograph of 13.5 ⁇ 18 cm at a magnification of 300 times), and the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fiber existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface of the artificial leather is obtained.
- SEM for example, a photograph of 13.5 ⁇ 18 cm at a magnification of 300 times
- the thickness of the surface layer (a layer made of ultrafine fibers or a layer made of ultrafine fibers and a polymer elastic body and substantially free of fiber bundles) is preferably 5 to 500 ⁇ m, and preferably 5 to 200 ⁇ m. Is more preferable. When the thickness is 5 to 500 ⁇ m, it is possible to achieve both good metallic luster and natural leather-like appearance.
- the thickness of the base layer is preferably 200 to 4000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 300 to 2000 ⁇ m. When it is 200 to 4000 ⁇ m, sufficient strength as an artificial leather material, softness of natural leather tone, and a sense of fulfillment can be satisfied.
- the artificial leather of the present invention can be produced by the following steps. That is, (1) a step of producing a long fiber web comprising ultrafine fiber generating long fibers, (2) A step of applying an entanglement treatment to the long fiber web to produce a long fiber entangled web; (3) The ultrafine fiber generating type long fibers in the long fiber entangled web are converted into a fiber bundle of ultrafine fibers, and the process of producing an entangled nonwoven fabric is sequentially performed, (4) A step of applying a polymer elastic body to the entangled nonwoven fabric, and (5) raising ultrafine fibers from a fiber bundle existing on the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric, and shaping the raised ultrafine fibers.
- Treatment, or hair treatment of the fiber bundle present on the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric treatment of raising ultrafine fibers from the fiber bundle that has been trimmed, the ultrafine fibers, or the ultrafine fibers and the high fibers It is manufactured through a step of forming a surface layer made of a molecular elastic body.
- the steps (4) and (5) may be provided in this order after the step (3), and the steps (5) and (4) are provided in this order after the step (3). It may be provided.
- each process will be described in detail based on an example in which (1) to (5) are sequentially performed.
- Step (1) a long fiber web is manufactured using non-crimped ultrafine fiber generating long fibers (Umishima type long fibers).
- the sea-island long fiber is a multicomponent composite fiber composed of at least two types of polymers, and has a cross section in which different types of island component polymers are dispersed in the sea component polymer.
- the sea-island long fibers are formed into an entangled nonwoven structure and then extracted or decomposed and removed from the sea component polymer before or after impregnation with the polymer elastic body, thereby removing the ultra-thin fibers made of the remaining island component polymer. Is converted into a bundle of fibers.
- the island component polymer is not particularly limited. Polyester resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyester elastomer, or modified products thereof; nylon 6, Nylon 66, Nylon 610, Nylon 12, Polyamide resins such as aromatic polyamide, semi-aromatic polyamide, polyamide elastomer or modified products thereof; Polyolefin resins such as polypropylene; Polyurethane resins such as polyester polyurethane, etc.
- Known fiber-forming water-insoluble thermoplastic polymers can be mentioned.
- polyester resins such as PET, PTT, PBT, and these modified polyesters tend to shrink by heat treatment, have a solid texture, and have practical use such as wear resistance, light resistance, and shape stability. This is particularly preferable in that an artificial leather product having excellent mechanical performance can be obtained.
- polyamide-based resins such as nylon 6 and nylon 66 have hygroscopic and flexible ultrafine fibers compared to polyester-based resins, so that they have a soft texture with a feeling of swelling, antistatic properties, etc. This is particularly preferable in that an artificial leather product having good practical performance can be obtained.
- the melting point of the island component polymer is preferably 160 ° C. or higher, more preferably 180 to 330 ° C. and crystalline. The melting point was determined by the method described later.
- a colorant, an ultraviolet absorber, a heat stabilizer, a deodorant, a fungicide, an antibacterial agent, various stabilizers, and the like may be added to the island component polymer.
- the sea component polymer When converting sea-island long fibers into fiber bundles of ultrafine fibers, the sea component polymer is extracted or decomposed with a solvent or a decomposing agent. Accordingly, the sea component polymer needs to be more soluble in a solvent or decomposable by a decomposing agent than the island component polymer. From the viewpoint of spinning stability of the sea-island long fibers, it is preferable that the affinity with the island component polymer is small, and that the melt viscosity and / or surface tension is smaller than the island component polymer under the spinning conditions.
- the sea component polymer is not particularly limited as long as these conditions are satisfied.
- polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene-ethylene copolymer, styrene-acrylic copolymer are used.
- Polymers, polyvinyl alcohol resins and the like are preferably used. It is particularly preferable to use water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol (water-soluble PVA) as the sea component polymer because silver-coated artificial leather, suede-like artificial leather, and the like can be produced without using an organic solvent.
- water-soluble PVA water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol
- the water-soluble PVA has a viscosity average polymerization degree (hereinafter simply referred to as “polymerization degree”) of preferably 200 to 500, more preferably 230 to 470, and further preferably 250 to 450.
- polymerization degree a viscosity average polymerization degree
- the degree of polymerization is 200 or more, the melt viscosity is moderate and it is easy to combine with the island component polymer.
- the degree of polymerization is 500 or less, it is possible to avoid a problem that it is difficult to discharge the resin from the spinning nozzle because the melt viscosity is too high.
- so-called low polymerization degree PVA having a polymerization degree of 500 or less there is also an advantage that the dissolution rate is increased when dissolving with hot water.
- the saponification degree of the water-soluble PVA is preferably 90 to 99.99 mol%, more preferably 93 to 99.98 mol%, further preferably 94 to 99.97 mol%, and particularly preferably 96 to 99.96 mol%. .
- the degree of saponification is 90 mol% or more, thermal stability is good, satisfactory melt spinning can be performed without thermal decomposition or gelation, and biodegradability is also good. Further, the water-solubility is not lowered by the copolymerization monomer described later, and it becomes easy to make it ultrafine. Water-soluble PVA having a degree of saponification of greater than 99.99 mol% is difficult to produce stably.
- the melting point (Tm) of the water-soluble PVA is preferably 160 to 230 ° C, more preferably 170 to 227 ° C, further preferably 175 to 224 ° C, and particularly preferably 180 to 220 ° C.
- Tm melting point
- the melting point is 160 ° C. or higher, the crystallinity is not lowered and the fiber strength is not lowered, and it is also possible to prevent the fiber from becoming difficult due to poor thermal stability.
- melt spinning can be performed at a temperature lower than the decomposition temperature of PVA, and sea-island long fibers can be stably produced.
- Water-soluble PVA can be obtained by saponifying a resin mainly containing vinyl ester units.
- Vinyl compound monomers for forming vinyl ester units include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valenate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl pivalate and Examples include vinyl versatate, and among these, vinyl acetate is preferable from the viewpoint of easily obtaining water-soluble PVA.
- the water-soluble PVA may be a homo-PVA or a modified PVA into which a copolymer unit is introduced, but it is preferable to use a modified PVA from the viewpoint of melt spinnability, water-solubility and fiber properties.
- the comonomer include ⁇ -olefins having 4 or less carbon atoms such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, and isobutene, methyl vinyl ether, and ethyl vinyl ether from the viewpoints of copolymerizability, melt spinnability, and water solubility of the fiber.
- Vinyl ethers such as n-propyl vinyl ether, isopropyl vinyl ether and n-butyl vinyl ether are preferred.
- the amount of units derived from ⁇ -olefins having 4 or less carbon atoms and / or vinyl ethers is preferably 1 to 20 mol%, more preferably 4 to 15 mol%, and more preferably 6 to 13 mol% of the modified PVA constituent unit. Further preferred. Further, when the comonomer is ethylene, the fiber properties are improved, and therefore modified PVA containing ethylene units preferably in an amount of 4 to 15 mol%, more preferably 6 to 13 mol% is preferable.
- Water-soluble PVA is produced by a known method such as a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, or an emulsion polymerization method.
- a bulk polymerization method or a solution polymerization method in which polymerization is performed without solvent or in a solvent such as alcohol is preferable.
- the solution polymerization solvent include lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and propyl alcohol.
- the initiator used for copolymerization include a, a′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethyl-valeronitrile), benzoyl peroxide, and n-propyl peroxycarbonate.
- known initiators such as azo initiators or peroxide initiators.
- the polymerization temperature is not particularly limited, but a range of 0 to 150 ° C. is appropriate.
- a fiber web was manufactured using staples obtained by cutting ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers into an arbitrary fiber length, but in the present invention, a sea-island type spun by a spunbond method or the like.
- a long fiber web is formed without cutting long fibers (ultrafine fiber generation type long fibers).
- the sea-island long fibers are melt-spun by extruding the sea component polymer and the island component polymer from a composite spinning die.
- the spinning temperature (die temperature) is preferably 180 to 350 ° C.
- the web is made of long fibers that are substantially unstretched and non-crimped by being pulled and thinned by a high-speed air current and deposited on a collecting surface such as a movable net.
- a long fiber web is first produced as described above.
- the short fiber web does not have a fiber slippage or sufficient orientation during hair styling treatment.
- such a long fiber web manufacturing method is advantageous in production because it does not require a series of large equipment such as a raw cotton supply device, a fiber opening device, a card machine, etc., which are essential in the conventional fiber web manufacturing method using short fibers. is there.
- the long fiber web and the artificial leather obtained using the same are composed of continuous fibers having high continuity, the strength and the like of the conventional short fiber web and the artificial leather produced using the short fiber web are generally high. Excellent physical properties.
- the average cross-sectional area of the sea-island long fibers is preferably 30 to 800 ⁇ m 2 and the fineness is preferably 1.0 to 20 dtex.
- the average area ratio (corresponding to the polymer volume ratio) between the sea component polymer and the island component polymer is preferably 5/95 to 70/30, and the number of islands is preferably 4 to 1000.
- the basis weight of the obtained long fiber web is preferably 10 to 2000 g / m 2 .
- the long fiber is a fiber having a fiber length longer than a short fiber having a fiber length of usually about 3 to 80 mm and is not intentionally cut like a short fiber.
- the fiber length of the long fiber before ultrafinening is preferably 100 mm or more, and can be produced in a technical manner and has a fiber length of several meters, several hundreds of meters, several kilometers or more as long as it is not physically cut. It may be.
- Step (2) the long fiber web is entangled to obtain a long fiber entangled web.
- the long fiber web is laminated with a plurality of layers using a cross wrapper or the like as necessary, and then needle punched under the condition that at least one barb penetrates from both sides simultaneously or alternately.
- the punching density is preferably in the range of 300 to 5000 punches / cm 2 , more preferably in the range of 500 to 3500 punches / cm 2 . When it is within the above range, sufficient entanglement is obtained, and the sea island type long fiber is less damaged by the needle.
- the sea-island long fibers are entangled three-dimensionally, and the sea-island long fibers are present at an average density of 600 to 4000 pieces / mm 2 in a cross section parallel to the thickness direction.
- a long fiber entangled web in which the fibers are gathered very densely is obtained.
- the long fiber web may be provided with an oil agent at any stage from its production to the entanglement treatment. If necessary, the entangled state of the long fiber web may be made denser by a shrinking treatment such as immersing in warm water of 70 to 150 ° C. Further, the sea-island type long fibers may be gathered more densely by performing a heat press treatment to stabilize the form of the long fiber web.
- the basis weight of the long fiber entangled web is preferably 100 to 2000 g / m 2 .
- the entangled state of the long fiber entangled web of the present invention obtained as described above may be made denser by a shrinking treatment such as immersing in hot water at 70 to 150 ° C. as necessary. Also, the shape of the long fiber entangled web may be stabilized by densely gathering the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers by performing a heat press treatment.
- Step (3) In the step (3), the sea component polymer is removed to make the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers (sea-island long fibers) ultrafine to produce an entangled nonwoven fabric composed of a bundle of ultrafine fibers.
- a method of treating the long fiber entangled web with a non-solvent or non-decomposing agent of the island component polymer and with the solvent or decomposing agent of the sea component polymer is preferably employed in the present invention. Is done.
- the island component polymer is a polyamide resin or a polyester resin
- an organic solvent such as toluene, trichloroethylene, or tetrachloroethylene is used.
- the sea component polymer is water-soluble PVA
- warm water is used.
- an alkaline decomposing agent such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used.
- the removal of the sea component polymer may be carried out by a method conventionally employed in the artificial leather field, and is not particularly limited.
- water-soluble PVA is used as the sea component polymer, and this is used in hot water at 85 to 100 ° C. without using an organic solvent. It is preferable to treat for 600 seconds, extract and remove until the removal rate reaches 95% by mass or more (including 100%), and convert the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers into fiber bundles of ultrafine fibers made of island component polymers.
- the following formula [(Area before shrinkage treatment ⁇ Area after shrinkage treatment) / Area before shrinkage treatment] ⁇ 100
- the shrinkage treatment may be performed to increase the density so that the area shrinkage ratio represented by the formula is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 30 to 75%.
- the shape retention is improved by the shrinking treatment, and the fiber is prevented from coming off at the time of raising or shaping.
- the long fiber entangled web When it is carried out before ultrafinening, it is preferable to shrink the long fiber entangled web in a steam atmosphere.
- the shrinkage treatment with water vapor for example, 30 to 200% by mass of water is given to the long fiber entangled web with respect to the sea component, and then the relative humidity is 70% or more, more preferably 90% or more, and the temperature is 60 to Heat treatment is preferably performed in a steam atmosphere at 130 ° C. for 60 to 600 seconds.
- the shrinkage treatment is performed under the above conditions, the sea component polymer plasticized with water vapor is compressed and deformed by the shrinkage force of the long fibers composed of the island component polymer, so that densification becomes easy.
- the shrink-treated long fiber entangled web is treated in hot water at 85 to 100 ° C., preferably 90 to 100 ° C. for 100 to 600 seconds to dissolve and remove the sea component polymer. Moreover, you may perform a water flow extraction process so that the removal rate of a sea component polymer may be 95 mass% or more.
- the temperature of the water flow is preferably 80 to 98 ° C.
- the water flow speed is preferably 2 to 100 m / min
- the treatment time is preferably 1 to 20 minutes.
- the sea component polymer is squeezed simultaneously with the shrinkage of the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers. Part of the compressed sea component polymer elutes from the fiber. Therefore, the void formed by the removal of the sea component polymer becomes smaller, so that a denser entangled nonwoven fabric can be obtained.
- the entangled nonwoven fabric preferably having a basis weight of 140 to 3000 g / m 2 and an apparent specific gravity of 0.25 to 0.75 is obtained by an optional shrinking treatment and sea component polymer removal.
- the average fineness of the fiber bundle in the entangled nonwoven fabric is 0.5 to 10 dtex, preferably 0.7 to 5 dtex.
- the average fineness of the ultrafine fibers is 0.001 to 2 dtex, preferably 0.005 to 0.2 dtex. Within this range, the density of the resulting artificial leather and the density of the nonwoven fabric structure of the surface layer portion are improved.
- the number of ultrafine fibers in the fiber bundle is not particularly limited, but is generally 5 to 1000.
- the peel strength when the entangled nonwoven fabric is wet is preferably 4 kg / 25 mm or more, more preferably 4 to 20 kg / 25 mm, and still more preferably 4 to 15 kg / 25 mm.
- the peel strength is a measure of the degree of three-dimensional entanglement of the fiber bundle of ultrafine fibers.
- the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric and the resulting artificial leather is less, and the form retainability is good.
- an artificial leather with excellent fulfillment can be obtained.
- the entangled nonwoven fabric may be dyed with a disperse dye before applying the polymer elastic body.
- Step (4) an artificial leather is produced by applying a water dispersion or an aqueous solution of a polymer elastic body to the entangled nonwoven fabric produced through the step (3) and solidifying the polymer elastic body while applying heat.
- a polymer elastic body at least one elastic body selected from polyurethane elastomers, acrylonitrile elastomers, olefin elastomers, polyester elastomers, acrylic elastomers and the like conventionally used in the production of artificial leather can be used. And / or acrylic elastomers are particularly preferred.
- polyurethane elastomer a known thermoplastic obtained by polymerizing a polymer polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, and, if necessary, a chain extender in a desired ratio by a melt polymerization method, a bulk polymerization method, a solution polymerization method, or the like. Polyurethane is preferred.
- the polymer polyol is selected from known polymer polyols according to the application and required performance.
- polyether polyol such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, poly (methyltetramethylene glycol) and copolymers thereof
- polybutylene adipate diol polybutylene sebacate diol, polyhexamethylene adipate diol
- polyester-based polyols such as (3-methyl-1,5-pentylene adipate) diol, poly (3-methyl-1,5-pentylene sebacate) diol, polycaprolactone diol, and copolymers thereof
- polyhexamethylene carbonate Polycarbonates such as diol, poly (3-methyl-1,5-pentylene carbonate) diol, polypentamethylene carbonate diol, polytetramethylene carbonate diol Polyols and copolymers thereof; and polyester carbonate polyols and the like
- the average molecular weight of the polymer polyol is preferably 500 to 3000.
- Organic diisocyanate may be selected from known diisocyanate compounds depending on the application and required performance.
- an aliphatic or alicyclic diisocyanate having no aromatic ring such as hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, norbornene diisocyanate, 4,4′-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, and aromatic ring diisocyanates such as Examples thereof include phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and xylylene diisocyanate.
- it is preferable to use a non-yellowing diisocyanate because yellowing due to light or heat hardly occurs.
- the chain extender may be selected from low molecular compounds having two active hydrogen atoms that are used as chain extenders in the production of known urethane resins depending on the application and required performance.
- diamines such as hydrazine, ethylenediamine, propylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, xylylenediamine, isophoronediamine, piperazine and derivatives thereof, adipic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide; triamines such as diethylenetriamine; triethylenetetramine Tetramines such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-bis ( ⁇ -hydroxyethoxy) benzene, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, and the like;
- triols such as methylolpropane
- pentaols such as pentaeryth
- Is it is possible to use one or more of these.
- these it is preferable to use 2 to 4 kinds of hydrazine, piperazine, hexamethylenediamine, isophoronediamine and derivatives thereof, and triamine such as ethylenetriamine in combination.
- hydrazine and its derivatives have an antioxidant effect, durability is improved.
- monoamines such as ethylamine, propylamine, and butylamine
- carboxyl group-containing monoamine compounds such as 4-aminobutanoic acid and 6-aminohexanoic acid
- Monools may be used in combination.
- the content of the soft segment (polymer diol) of the thermoplastic polyurethane is preferably 90 to 15% by mass.
- acrylic elastomer examples include a polymer of a water-dispersible or water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer composed of a soft component, a crosslinkable component, a hard component, and other components not belonging to any of these components.
- the soft component is a component whose glass transition temperature (Tg) of the homopolymer is less than ⁇ 5 ° C., preferably more than ⁇ 90 ° C. and less than ⁇ 5 ° C., and is non-crosslinkable (does not form a crosslink). It is preferable.
- Examples of the monomer that forms the soft component include ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) (Meth) acrylic acid derivatives such as lauryl acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, benzyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate, etc., and one of these Or 2 or more types can be used.
- the hard component is a component whose glass transition temperature (Tg) of the homopolymer exceeds 50 ° C., preferably more than 50 ° C. and 250 ° C. or less, and is non-crosslinkable (does not form a crosslink). Is preferred.
- Tg glass transition temperature
- Examples of the monomer that forms the hard component include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, (meth) acrylic acid, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and methacrylic acid.
- (Meth) acrylic acid derivatives such as 2-hydroxyethyl; styrene, ⁇ ? Aromatic vinyl compounds such as methylstyrene and p-methylstyrene; acrylamides such as (meth) acrylamide and diacetone (meth) acrylamide; maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid and derivatives thereof; heterocyclic such as vinylpyrrolidone Vinyl compounds; vinyl compounds such as vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, vinyl ether, vinyl ketone, vinyl amide; ⁇ represented by ethylene, propylene, etc. An olefin etc. are mentioned, Among these, 1 type (s) or 2 or more types can be used.
- the crosslinkable component is a compound capable of forming a crosslinked structure by reacting with a monofunctional or polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit capable of forming a crosslinked structure, or an ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit introduced into a polymer chain.
- Crosslinking agent examples include ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and 1,4-butanediol di (meth).
- crosslinking agent examples include an oxazoline group-containing compound, a carbodiimide group-containing compound, an epoxy group-containing compound, a hydrazine derivative, a hydrazide derivative, a polyisocyanate compound, a polyfunctional block isocyanate compound, and one or more of these Two or more kinds can be used.
- Examples of the monomer that forms the other components of the acrylic elastomer include (methacrylates such as methyl acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, glycidyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and diethylaminoethyl methacrylate). ) Acrylic acid derivatives.
- the melting point of the polymer elastic body is preferably 130 to 240 ° C.
- the hot water swelling rate at 130 ° C. is preferably 3% or more, more preferably 5 to 100%, and further preferably 10 to 100%.
- the higher the hot water swelling rate the more flexible the polymer elastic body, but the weak cohesive force in the molecule, so it often peels off during subsequent processes or use of the product, and the action as a binder is insufficient. Become. Such inconvenience can be avoided if it is within the above range.
- the melting point and the hot water swelling rate were determined by the methods described later.
- the peak temperature of the loss elastic modulus of the polymer elastic body is 10 ° C. or less, preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. to 10 ° C.
- the peak temperature of the loss elastic modulus exceeds 10 ° C., the texture of the artificial leather becomes stiff and the mechanical durability such as flex resistance deteriorates.
- the loss elastic modulus was obtained by the method described later.
- the polymer elastic body is impregnated into the entangled nonwoven fabric as an aqueous solution or water dispersion.
- the content of the elastic polymer in the aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion is preferably 0.1 to 60% by mass.
- the polymer elastic body impregnated in the present invention is provided for the purpose of adjusting the texture, maintaining the shape, preventing fluffing and facilitating the splitting and orientation of the ultrafine fiber bundle in step (5). It is not preferable to apply the fiber bundle in a form or amount that restrains the fiber bundle.
- the content of the polymer elastic body after coagulation is preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass, more preferably 1 to 20% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 15% by mass with respect to the ultrafine fibers.
- penetrants, antifoaming agents, lubricants, water repellents, oil repellents, thickeners, extenders, curing accelerators as long as the properties of the resulting artificial leather are not impaired.
- Agents, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, fluorescent agents, antifungal agents, foaming agents, water-soluble polymer compounds such as polyvinyl alcohol and carboxymethyl cellulose, dyes, pigments and the like may be added.
- the method of impregnating the entangled nonwoven fabric with the aqueous solution or water dispersion of the polymer elastic body is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of uniformly impregnating the entangled nonwoven fabric by dipping and the like, a method of applying to the front and back surfaces, etc. It is done.
- a thermosensitive gelling agent is used to prevent the impregnated polymer elastic body from migrating to the front and back surfaces of the entangled nonwoven fabric. It is solidified uniformly in the composite nonwoven fabric.
- a small amount of polymer elastic body is effectively used in order to achieve contradictory effects such as fluff prevention (fiber restraint) and splitting / orientation of ultrafine fiber bundles while preventing hardening of the texture. Need to use.
- the impregnated polymer elastic body is migrated to the front and back surfaces of the entangled nonwoven fabric and then solidified so that the abundance of the polymer elastic body is substantially continuously gradient in the thickness direction. That is, in the artificial leather of the present invention, it is preferable that the amount of the elastic polymer is present in the vicinity of both surface layer portions more than in the central portion in the thickness direction.
- the content of the polymer elastic body in at least one surface portion is preferably 30% by mass or more (as a solid content) of the total amount of the polymer elastic body.
- the total content of the elastic body is preferably within the above range.
- the front and back surfaces of the entangled nonwoven fabric are preferably 110 to 110 without taking a migration preventing means. Heat at 150 ° C., preferably for 0.5-30 minutes.
- Heating for migration is preferably performed by blowing hot air on the front and back surfaces in a drying apparatus or the like.
- step (5) after raising ultrafine fibers from the fiber bundles existing on the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric, the raised ultrafine fibers are aligned so as to be oriented in one direction, or the ultrafine fiber bundles are bundled together. After aligning the hair so as to be oriented in the direction, very long fibers are raised from the fiber bundle.
- the fiber bundle on the surface is converted into ultra-long fibers oriented in one direction, and a surface layer that does not substantially contain the fiber bundle (no fiber bundle is observed in an SEM photograph of about 200 times) is formed. The If a fiber bundle that cannot be converted into ultrafine fibers remains in the surface layer, the gloss is insufficient.
- step (5) the following conditions: X / Y ⁇ 1.5
- X is the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fibers existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in an arbitrary cross section of the artificial leather
- Y is a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface in the cross section orthogonal to the cross section.
- a surface layer made of ultrafine fibers or a surface layer made of ultrafine fibers and a polymer elastic body is formed.
- the content of the elastic polymer in the surface layer is preferably 9% by mass or less based on all ultrafine fibers existing in the artificial leather.
- any means can be used as long as the surface layer can be finally formed so that all or part of the ultrafine fibers are oriented. It is not limited.
- a needle cloth, a slanted brush such as etiquette brush (registered trademark), sandpaper, or the like may be used as the brushing material.
- the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric is brushed with a roll wound with a brushing material. At this time, it is preferable to rotate the roll at a speed of 200 to 800 rpm while pulling the entangled nonwoven fabric at a speed of 3 to 20 m / min.
- the roughness of the surface of the brushing material is not particularly limited, but the roughness of the sandpaper is preferably 280 to 1200 mesh, and in the case of a needle cloth and a slanted brush, any roughness corresponding to this may be used.
- the direction in which hair is aligned (orientated) may be either the longitudinal direction (MD) or the lateral direction (width direction: TD), but it is preferable to align the hair in the MD direction in terms of production efficiency.
- MD longitudinal direction
- TD lateral direction
- the number of cut ends in the cross section obtained along the TD direction is X
- Y the number of cut ends in the cross section obtained along the MD direction
- a step of performing surface treatment with a surface treatment agent on the entangled nonwoven fabric may be provided.
- the surface treatment is performed by applying, for example, an entangled nonwoven fabric using an acrylic resin, urethane resin, an aqueous solution or a water dispersion of a high molecular weight polymer resin containing fluorine and silicon.
- an acrylic resin, urethane resin, an aqueous solution or a water dispersion of a high molecular weight polymer resin containing fluorine and silicon By performing the surface treatment with such a surface treatment agent, it is possible to increase the resistance of the surface and increase the efficiency of raising / hair-setting in the step (5).
- the fiber component comprised by well-known dyes, such as a disperse dye and an acid dye (metal-containing dye), between a process (4) and a process (5) or between a process (3) and a process (4).
- a step of dyeing fibers constituting the entangled nonwoven fabric may be provided.
- the constituent fiber is a polyester-based fiber
- dyeing with a disperse dye is performed under severe conditions (high temperature and high pressure), so if the dye is dyed (pre-dyed) before applying the polymer elastic body, the fine fiber Breakage or the like occurs.
- the ultrafine fibers are long fibers, it is possible to dye them in advance.
- the ultrafine fibers are highly shrunk by the above-described shrinkage treatment and have a strength that can sufficiently withstand the disperse dyeing conditions.
- a reduction washing process and a neutralization process under strong alkaline conditions in order to remove the disperse dye attached to the polymer elastic body and improve the dyeing fastness was necessary.
- these steps are unnecessary.
- the disperse dye used is preferably a disperse dye usually used for dyeing polyesters such as monoazo, disazo, anthraquinone, nitro, naphthoquinone, diphenylamine, and heterocyclic having a molecular weight of 200 to 800. It is used alone or in combination depending on the color and hue.
- the dyeing density varies depending on the required hue, but when dyeing at a high density exceeding 30% owf, the fastness to friction when wet is deteriorated, so 30% owf or less is preferable.
- the bath ratio is not particularly limited, but a low bath ratio of 1:30 or less is preferable from the viewpoint of cost and environmental impact.
- the dyeing temperature is preferably 70 to 130 ° C.
- thermosol dyeing in water or when wet, more preferably 95 to 120 ° C.
- the dyeing temperature in the dry state is preferably 140 to 240 ° C., more preferably 160 to 200 ° C. preferable.
- the former dyeing time is preferably from 30 to 90 minutes, more preferably from 30 to 60 minutes for light colors and from 45 to 90 minutes for dark colors.
- the dyeing time of the latter is preferably 0.1 to 10 minutes, more preferably 1 to 5 minutes.
- a reducing agent with a low concentration of 3 g / L or less may be used when the dyeing concentration is 10% owf or more, but it is washed with warm water of 40-60 ° C. using a neutral detergent. Is preferred.
- the acid dye for example, Kayanol (registered trademark) series manufactured by Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., Kayanol Milling series, Suminol (registered trademark) “manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.” or the like can be used.
- a metal-containing dye in which chromium, cobalt, and the like are coordinated in the dye molecule is preferable because it has a stronger bond with the fiber and is suitable for fast dyeing.
- the metal-containing dye is a complex salt type azo dye in which a metal atom is coordinated to a dye molecule, and a 1: 1 metal-containing dye in which one metal atom and one dye molecule are coordinated.
- a 1: 2 gold-containing dye is known in which a metal atom and two dye molecules are coordinated.
- the metal is usually chromium.
- 1: 2 gold-containing dyes include Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. trade name Lanyl (registered trademark) series, Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd.
- Dyeing may be performed according to the dyeing conditions of fibers and fabrics using a conventional metal-containing dye.
- the bath ratio is 1:10 to 1: 100
- the amount of metal-containing dye used is 0.0001 to 50% owf
- the dyeing temperature is 70 to 100 ° C.
- the dyeing time is 20 to 120 minutes
- the pH of the dyeing bath is slightly acidic. It is preferably carried out under neutral conditions.
- the dyeing can be performed under normal conditions under mild conditions, and the dyeing process is easy.
- the above dyeing may be performed in the presence of a dyeing assistant.
- dyeing assistants accelerators that increase the dyeing speed, leveling agents for uniform dyeing, slow dyeing agents that slow down the dyeing speed and eliminate uneven dyeing, and penetrants that help the dye penetrate and diffuse into the fiber ,
- Dye solubilizers that increase the solubility of dyes in dye baths, dye dispersants that increase the dispersibility of dyes in dye baths, fixing agents that increase the fastness of dyed dyes, fiber protection agents, antifoaming agents Etc. These can be appropriately selected from conventionally known drugs, and are used in conventional amounts.
- Examples of dyeing apparatuses that are commonly used include a liquid dyeing machine, a wins dyeing machine, a beam dyeing machine, and a zicker dyeing machine.
- the artificial leather of the present invention produced as described above has a good gloss and low resilience comparable to natural leather and a sense of fulfillment.
- For clothing, shoes, bag, interior It is suitably used for a wide range of applications such as for automobiles, vehicles, and gloves.
- the production steps (1) to (2) of the long fiber entangled web are preferably performed by the following sequential steps (1 ′) to (3 ′).
- (3 ′) The temporary fusion long fiber web is needle punched in two or more stages under different conditions to sufficiently entangle the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers and to subdivide the temporary fusion locations to obtain long fibers. Manufacturing the entangled web.
- step (1 ') is the same as the above step (1), it is omitted here for simplification.
- one side or both sides of the long fiber web is hot-pressed to temporarily fuse the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers near the surface.
- the hot press allows the long fiber web to pass between an embossing roll and a back roll, preferably 10 to 90 ° C., more preferably 20 to 80 ° C., and even more preferably 30 to 59 ° C., and preferably 5 to 1000 kgf / cm, more preferably 15 to 200 kgf / cm.
- the degree of temporary fusion of the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers in the vicinity of the surface is appropriate, the web shape is stabilized, and the conveyance and lapping operations are facilitated.
- the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers are easily moved in the thickness direction, and a high degree of entanglement is obtained. Moreover, it is possible to avoid that the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers are temporarily fused at an unnecessarily large number of locations. If it is temporarily fused in more places than necessary, the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers are difficult to move in the needle punching process, and a high degree of entanglement cannot be obtained. Or needle breakage occurs.
- the embossed pattern is a lattice, staggered, semi-circular alternating staggered, dot-like, elliptical, leather pattern, geometric shape, etc. There is no particular limitation, but 5-30% of the long fiber web surface is hot pressed. A pattern is preferred.
- the number of the locations where the 6 or more ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers are temporarily fused present in the vicinity of the surface is preferably 10 / cm 2 or more on average. It is more preferably 10 to 100 pieces / cm 2 , further preferably 15 to 100 pieces / cm 2 , and particularly preferably 20 to 100 pieces / cm 2 . If it exceeds 100 / cm 2 , the entire surface of the long fiber web tends to be substantially fused, and 2 to 5 ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers existing in the vicinity of the surface of the non-woven fabric after needle punching. The number of temporarily fused portions tends to exceed 20 pieces / mm 2 .
- the degree of temporary fusion can be set within the above range.
- “near the surface” is a region where temporary fusion of the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers occurs by hot pressing.
- the thickness varies depending on the hot press temperature, linear pressure, and the fusing property of the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers, but usually from the surface of the temporary fusing long fiber web or the long fiber entangled web to a depth of 100 ⁇ m. It is a part of.
- the basis weight of the temporarily fused continuous fiber web is preferably 15 to 100 g / m 2 .
- the temporarily fused continuous fiber web is laminated on a plurality of layers (preferably two layers or more, more preferably 2 to 40 layers) using a cross wrapper or the like as necessary, Simultaneously or alternately, needle punching is performed to three-dimensionally entangle the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers, and the number of fusion fibers in which 6 or more ultrafine fiber generating long fibers are temporarily fused is reduced and temporarily fused.
- the landing part is subdivided to obtain the long fiber entangled web for artificial leather of the present invention.
- needle punching is performed with a deep piercing depth (initial needle punching) using a needle having a large throat depth (S / D: J value), and then the S / D and / or the piercing depth is reduced. Then, needle punching (late needle punching) is performed in one or several stages, preferably in one to three stages.
- the S / D of the initial needle punch is preferably 4 to 20 times the thickness of the ultrafine fiber generating long fiber and 60 to 120 ⁇ m (J value), and the piercing depth is the distance from the needle tip to the first barb
- the number of barbs that completely pass through the temporarily fused continuous fiber web laminated in plural layers is 2 to 9.
- the barb portion may have a kickback (K value) of 5 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ , and the actual S / D in this case is the J value + K value.
- the S / D of the late needle punch is preferably smaller than the S / D of the initial needle punch, 2 to 8 times the thickness of the ultrafine fiber-generating long fiber, and 20 to 80 ⁇ m (J value + K value).
- the piercing depth is equal to or less than the depth of the initial needle punch, and the first barb is preferably 50% or more of the thickness of the temporary fusion long fiber web, and the number of barbs that completely pass through the temporary fusion long fiber web is The number is preferably 0-5.
- the S / D and the piercing depth are the same or sequentially decreased. In particular, it is preferable to sequentially reduce the piercing depth within the above range.
- the number of barbs on the needle is selected from a range of 1 to 9 so as to subdivide the temporary fusion points without cutting the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers and to obtain sufficient entanglement without causing needle breakage. It is preferable to do this.
- the number of barbs is also preferably decreased from the initial stage to the final stage of the needle punch.
- the distance from the needle tip to the first barb is preferably 2.1 to 4.2 mm.
- the punching density of the initial needle punch is preferably 50 to 5000 punch / cm 2 , and more preferably 50 to 1000 punch / cm 2 in order to sufficiently entangle the ultrafine fiber generating long fiber without cutting. .
- the punching density of the latter needle punch is selected from the range of 50 to 5000 punches / cm 2 in order to obtain more sufficient entanglement without cutting the ultrafine fiber-generating long fibers and to subdivide the temporary fusion locations. preferable.
- the punching density may be changed from high density to low density.
- the area shrinkage after completion of needle punching ([(area before treatment ⁇ area after treatment) / area before treatment] ⁇ 100) is preferably 50 to 120%.
- the initial needle punch Use a peristaltic type needle punching machine, a normal needle punching machine, or a needle punching machine in which a needle is driven into a brush from one side before the temporary fusing length under a low stroke condition of 500 punch / cm 2 or less.
- the fiber web may be temporarily fixed.
- the needle used for the temporary fixing can be used for initial needle punching because the temporary fusion long fiber web may be lightly sewn without causing creaking, tearing, or wrinkling on the surface of the laminated temporary fusion long fiber web.
- throat depth may be the same or smaller.
- Pre-bonded long fiber webs are provided with silicone, mineral oil anti-breaking oil, anti-static oil, entanglement-promoting oil, etc. before or during needle punching, before or during or after stacking. May be.
- the locations where 2 to 5 ultrafine fiber generating long fibers existing near the surface are temporarily fused are 20 pieces / mm 2 or less, preferably 0 to 20 pieces / mm 2 , more preferably 0. Reduce to subdivided to ⁇ 10 pieces / mm 2 . If the number of temporary fusion points exceeds 20 pieces / mm 2 , the texture of the surface raised portion of the obtained suede-like artificial leather becomes hard and rough, and the silver surface of the silver-like artificial leather floats from the nonwoven fabric surface.
- the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers are temporarily fused to an appropriate degree, the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers are easily caught on the barb of the needle even if non-crimped, and there is sufficient and no unevenness. A match is obtained.
- the basis weight of the long fiber entangled web obtained as described above is preferably 200 to 2000 g / m 2 , and the apparent specific gravity is preferably 0.10 to 0.35. Further, after the long fiber entangled web was immersed in hot water of 50 to 98 ° C. under a load of 20 gf / gf (vs. nonwoven fabric) for 30 to 60 seconds and dried, the hot water area shrinkage ratio was 25 to 80%. It is preferable that the peel strength is 2 to 20 kg / 25 mm, more preferably 4 to 20 kg / 25 mm, and most preferably 8 to 20 kg / 25 mm.
- the average number of cut ends of the ultrafine fiber generating long fibers exposed on the surface of the long fiber entangled web is preferably 0 to 30 pieces / mm 2 , more preferably 0 to 20 pieces / mm 2 , More preferably, it is less than 10 pieces / mm 2 (including zero).
- the long fiber entangled web obtained in the above steps (1 ′) to (3 ′) is not only used for producing the glossy artificial leather of the present invention but also other silver-tone artificial leather and suede as described below. It can also be used for the production of artificial leather.
- the polymer elastic body is desirably applied to the ultrafine fiber entangled web, but if necessary, it may be applied to the long fiber entangled web before performing the ultrafine treatment.
- the type of the polymer elastic body to be used is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a polymer elastic body having a hot water swelling rate at 130 ° C. of 2% to 50%.
- the ultrafine fiber entangled web not containing the polymer elastic body and the ultrafine fiber entangled web impregnated with the polymer elastic body obtained as described above are used as a base material for artificial leather.
- the front and back surfaces of the ultrafine fiber entangled web are connected to the sea-island long fiber.
- the silver surface may be formed by hot pressing at a temperature lower than the spinning temperature of 50 ° C. or more and not higher than the melting point of the polymer elastic body. Although it does not specifically limit as long as a silver surface is formed, It is preferable that heating temperature is 130 degreeC or more.
- the hot pressing is performed, for example, with a heated metal roll, and is preferably hot pressed at a linear pressure of 1 to 1000 N / mm.
- Suede-like artificial leather can be obtained by forming a raised surface of ultrafine fibers by a known raising process such as buffing on at least one surface of the substrate. If necessary, it may be subjected to a softening process such as scabbing or a hairstyling process such as reverse seal brushing. And according to said method, it is possible to make it the surface which has metallic luster.
- the thickness of the artificial leather obtained as described above is preferably 0.2 to 3 mm.
- the long fiber entangled web of the present invention has little fiber damage such as cutting and is highly entangled and exhibits high peel strength. Therefore, the artificial leather obtained using this also has sufficient practical strength, and also has a drape without rebound, natural crease (artificial leather with silver), and elegant appearance (suede-like artificial leather). Therefore, it is suitably used for a wide range of applications such as clothing, shoes, bags, furniture, car seats, gloves, bags, and curtains.
- Average fineness of ultrafine fibers Measure the cross-sectional area of ultrafine fibers (20 fibers) forming artificial leather or entangled nonwoven fabric with a scanning electron microscope (magnification: several hundred to several thousand times). The average cross-sectional area was determined. The average fineness was calculated from the average cross-sectional area and the density of the polymer forming the fiber.
- Average fineness of fiber bundles Average fiber bundles (20 pieces) selected from the fiber bundles forming the entangled nonwoven fabric were scanned with a scanning electron microscope (magnification: several hundred to several thousand times). Observed and measured the radius of the circumscribed circle to determine the average cross-sectional area. Assuming that this average cross-sectional area is filled with the polymer forming the fiber, the average fineness of the fiber bundle was calculated from the density of the polymer.
- Peak temperature of loss elastic modulus A 200 ⁇ m-thick polymer elastic film was heat-treated at 130 ° C. for 30 minutes, and the frequency was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device (FT Rheospectr “DVE-V4” manufactured by Rheology). Measurement was carried out at 11 Hz and a rate of temperature increase of 3 ° C./min to determine the peak temperature of the loss modulus.
- FT Rheospectr “DVE-V4” manufactured by Rheology
- Hot water swelling rate at 130 ° C. A 200 ⁇ m thick elastic polymer film was hydrothermally treated at 130 ° C. for 60 minutes under pressure, cooled to 50 ° C., and taken out with tweezers. Excess water was wiped off with filter paper and the weight was measured. The ratio of the increased weight to the weight before immersion was taken as the hot water swelling rate.
- the adhesive-applied portions of the rubber plate and the test piece were bonded together, pressure-bonded with a press roller, and cured at 20 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the ends of the rubber plate and the test piece were each sandwiched between chucks and peeled off at a tensile speed of 50 mm / min with a tensile tester.
- the average peel strength when wet was determined from the flat portion of the obtained stress-strain curve (SS curve). The result was expressed as an average value of three test pieces.
- the number of temporary fusions in which 2 to 5 long fibers existing in a rectangle of 4 mm in length and 6 mm in width are temporarily fused is counted, converted into 1 mm 2 , and temporarily fused.
- the number of pieces (pieces / mm 2 ) was calculated.
- thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol resin 2100 kg of vinyl acetate and 31.0 kg of methanol were placed in a 100 L pressure reactor equipped with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet, ethylene inlet and initiator addition port, and the temperature was adjusted to 60 ° C. After raising the temperature, the system was purged with nitrogen by nitrogen bubbling for 30 minutes. Next, ethylene was introduced so that the reactor pressure was 5.9 kgf / cm 2 . 2,2′-azobis (4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (initiator) was dissolved in methanol to prepare an initiator solution having a concentration of 2.8 g / L, and bubbling with nitrogen gas was performed. Replaced with nitrogen.
- modified PVA ethylene-modified polyvinyl alcohol
- the degree of saponification of the obtained modified PVA was 98.4 mol%.
- a sample obtained by dissolving in acid was analyzed by an atomic absorption photometer. The content of sodium was 0.03 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the modified PVA.
- the precipitation-dissolution operation of adding n-hexane to the methanol solution of the modified PVAc and then adding acetone was repeated 3 times, followed by drying under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 3 days to obtain purified modified PVAc.
- the modified PVAc was dissolved in d6-DMSO and analyzed using a 500 MHz proton NMR (JEOL GX-500) at 80 ° C., and the content of ethylene units was 10 mol%.
- the saponified product was extracted with methanol Soxhlet for 3 days, and the extract was dried under reduced pressure at 80 ° C. for 3 days to obtain purified modified PVA. It was 330 when the average degree of polymerization of this modified PVA was measured according to JIS K6726.
- the purified modified PVA was analyzed by 5000 MHz proton NMR (JEOL GX-500). As a result, the amount of 1,2-glycol bonds was 1.50 mol% and the content of 3-chain hydroxyl groups was 83%. Further, a cast film having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m was prepared from a 5% aqueous solution of the purified modified PVA. The film was dried at 80 ° C. under reduced pressure for 1 day, and then the melting point was measured by the method described above.
- Example 1 The modified PVA (water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol: sea component), isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate (island component) having a modification degree of 6 mol%, and the sea component / island component is 25/75 (mass ratio). It was discharged from a die for melt composite spinning (number of islands: 25 islands / fiber) at 260 ° C. The ejector pressure was adjusted so that the spinning speed was 3700 m / min, and the sea-island long fibers having an average fineness of 2.1 dtex were collected on the net.
- sea component water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol: sea component
- isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate (island component) having a modification degree of 6 mol%
- the sea component / island component is 25/75 (mass ratio). It was discharged from a die for melt composite spinning (number of islands: 25 islands / fiber) at 260 ° C. The ejector
- step (1) lightly hold the sea-island type long fiber sheet on the net with a metal roll with a surface temperature of 42 ° C, peel off from the net while suppressing fuzz on the surface, and 200N between the metal roll (lattice pattern) with a surface temperature of 55 ° C and the back roll.
- a long fiber web with a basis weight of 31 g / m 2 in which the surface fibers were temporarily fused in a lattice shape by hot pressing with a linear pressure of / mm was obtained (step (1)).
- the long fiber entangled web was wound for 14 seconds in hot water at 70 ° C. at a winding line speed of 10 m / min to cause area shrinkage.
- entangled nonwoven fabric in which fiber bundles having an average fineness of 2.5 dtex are entangled three-dimensionally, including 25 ultrafine fibers, by repeatedly performing dip nip treatment in 95 ° C. hot water to dissolve and remove the modified PVA.
- the area shrinkage measured after drying was 52%
- the basis weight was 480 g / m 2
- the apparent density was 0.52 g / cm 3
- the peel strength was 4.2 kg / 25 mm.
- a soft segment is a polyurethane comprising a 70:30 mixture of polyhexylene carbonate diol and polymethylpentane diol, and a hard segment mainly comprising hydrogenated methylene diisocyanate ( Impregnated with a dispersion (solid content ratio 0.4%) of a polymer elastic body having a melting point of 180 to 190 ° C., a loss elastic modulus peak temperature of ⁇ 15 ° C. and a hot water swelling rate of 35% at 130 ° C.
- Ratio of 0.2% by mass of polyurethane after drying with respect to ultrafine fibers (the content of the polymer elastic body in the surface portion forming the surface layer is 0.06% by mass with respect to ultrafine fibers) (Step (4)) and dyed brown with 5% owf disperse dye.
- the hair balls are removed at a take-up speed of 7 m / min with a roll having a rotation speed of 400 rpm around which a slanted hair brush is wound. Hair was adjusted so that the ultrafine fiber bundles were oriented.
- the ultrafine fiber bundle is separated into individual ultrafine fibers while pulling out the ultrafine fiber bundle composed of the surface of the entangled nonwoven fabric with sandpaper having a particle size of 400 mesh at a rotational speed of 400 rpm and oriented in the traveling direction, A suede-like artificial leather having a metallic luster oriented with no fiber bundles on the outermost surface and no ultrafine fibers in the form of bundles was obtained (step (5)).
- the thickness of the surface layer of the artificial leather was 70 ⁇ m, and the thickness of the base layer was 700 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the obtained suede-like artificial leather is heat-pressed under the conditions of 165 ° C. and 400 N / cm, and after fixing the orientation of the raised fibers near the surface, a single-edged razor is used so that the fiber orientation does not collapse.
- a single-edged razor is used so that the fiber orientation does not collapse.
- an image of the cut surface was taken with a 300 ⁇ SEM, and the number of cut ends of the ultrafine fibers existing at a depth of 20 ⁇ m from the surface (13.5 ⁇ 18 cm SEM photograph) ( X) was obtained, cut in a direction orthogonal to the above direction (a direction parallel to the MD direction), and the number of cut ends (Y) was obtained in the same manner.
- X / Y was 3.2. 1 and 2 show electron micrographs (300 times) of the longitudinal section and the transverse section of the obtained artificial leather.
- Example 2 A suede-like artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the sandpaper having a particle size of 400 mesh was replaced with a 600 mesh sandpaper at a rotational speed of 600 rpm.
- the artificial leather also had no fiber bundle on the outermost surface, and was oriented in a state where the ultrafine fibers did not exist in a bundle shape, and had a metallic luster on the surface.
- X / Y was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 1.5.
- Example 3 The entangled nonwoven fabric composed of dyed ultrafine fibers is further impregnated with a 2% aqueous dispersion of a fluorine-based water repellent (acrylic resin and a random copolymer of C 8 F 15 units) as a surface treatment agent, and a pickup rate of 64
- a suede-like artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that an entangled nonwoven fabric was used that was squeezed at a percentage and dried at 120 ° C. for 2 minutes to be present on the surface.
- the artificial leather also had no fiber bundle on the outermost surface, and was oriented in a state where the ultrafine fibers did not exist in a bundle shape, and had a metallic luster on the surface.
- X / Y was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 20.
- Comparative Example 1 A suede-like artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the order of the steps (3) and (4) was changed, and the concentration of the emulsion to be applied was 50% and the adhesion amount was 35%. .
- the surface layer of the artificial leather had a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and the base layer had a thickness of 800 ⁇ m.
- the ultrafine fiber bundle is surrounded by a polymer elastic body, only the polymer elastic body is damaged in the hair shaping process. Thus, the fiber bundle could not be split into ultrafine fibers, and could not be oriented in one direction.
- X / Y was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 1.2. 3 and 4 show electron micrographs of a longitudinal section and a transverse section of the obtained artificial leather.
- the artificial leather of Comparative Example 1 had a short-haired suede appearance, no metallic luster was observed.
- Comparative Example 2 The sea-island type long fibers of Example 1 were cut into 25 to 51 mm to obtain staples. An entangled nonwoven fabric was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that this staple was used, and polyurethane was applied to this entangled nonwoven fabric and dyed. The obtained dyeing and entangled nonwoven fabric was trimmed and raised in the same manner as in Example 1, but the amount of polyurethane on the surface portion was small, so that the staples were severely slipped, and the hair trimming and raising treatment could not be performed sufficiently. It was.
- the amount of porurethane applied was increased to 32% by mass (based on the solid content) with respect to the ultrafine fibers, and hair was conditioned and raised in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the amount of polyurethane in the surface portion was too large, and the ultrafine fibers were not sufficiently oriented, and X / Y was 1.15.
- Example 4 The modified PVA (water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol: sea component), isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate (island component) having a modification degree of 6 mol%, and the sea component / island component is 25/75 (mass ratio). It was discharged from a die for melt composite spinning (number of islands: 25 islands / fiber) at 260 ° C. The ejector pressure was adjusted so that the spinning speed would be 3700 m / min, and sea island-type long fibers having an average fineness of 2.1 dtex and non-crimped were collected on the net.
- sea component water-soluble thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol: sea component
- isophthalic acid-modified polyethylene terephthalate island component
- sea component / island component is 25/75 (mass ratio). It was discharged from a die for melt composite spinning (number of islands: 25 islands / fiber) at 260 ° C. The ejector pressure was adjusted so that the spinning speed would
- the sea-island long fiber web on the net was pressed with a linear pressure of 15 kgf / cm with a metal roll having a surface temperature of 42 ° C. to suppress fuzz on the surface.
- the web peeled from the net was hot-pressed at a linear pressure of 70 kgf / cm between a metal roll (lattice pattern) having a surface temperature of 60 ° C. and a back roll, and the surface fibers were temporarily fused in a lattice shape to a temporary weight of 31 g / m 2 .
- a fused continuous fiber web was obtained.
- six or more sea-island long fibers near the surface were temporarily fused at several places, and the average number of the temporary fused places was 32 / cm 2 .
- the sea-island long fibers are sufficiently entangled by needle punching, and the seam-type long fiber 6 or more temporary fusion locations are subdivided, and 2 to 5 temporary fusion locations are also obtained. You can see that it has decreased.
- the number of yarn balls resulting from yarn cracking by needle punching was 1/100 m or less (the number per 100 m in the MD direction of the production line), and the process stability was excellent.
- the physical property values of the long fiber entangled web are shown below. Per unit weight: 320 g / m 2 Apparent specific gravity: 0.18 Number of fusion points: 2 / mm 2 Number of cut fibers: 0 / mm 2 Peel strength: 12kg / 25mm
- the resulting long fiber entangled web was immersed in hot water at 70 ° C. for 14 seconds at a winding line speed of 10 m / min to cause area shrinkage. Subsequently, the modified PVA was dissolved and removed by repeated dip nip treatment in hot water at 95 ° C., and ultrafine fiber entanglement in which fiber bundles having an average fineness of 2.5 dtex containing 25 ultrafine fibers were entangled three-dimensionally. Created a joint web. The area shrinkage percentage measured after drying was 52%. The physical property values of the obtained ultrafine long fiber entangled web are shown below. The measurement results are shown in Table 1. Per unit weight: 480 g / m 2 Apparent specific gravity: 0.52 Peel strength when wet: 4.2kg / 25mm
- Example 5 The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the basis weight of the temporarily fused continuous fiber web was changed. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- Reference example 2 The treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the basis weight of the temporarily fused continuous fiber web, the number of stacked sheets, and the temperature of the metal roll were changed. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that 6-nylon (NY) was used as the island component, and the basis weight of the temporarily fused long fiber web, the number of stacked sheets, and the temperature of the metal roll were changed. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 The treatment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4 except that polypropylene (PP) was used as the island component and the number of webs and the temperature of the metal roll were changed. The measurement results are shown in Table 1.
- PP polypropylene
- Example 8 A suede-like artificial leather was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the long fiber entangled web obtained in Example 4 was used instead of the entangled web in Example 1.
- the artificial leather also had no fiber bundle on the outermost surface, and was oriented in a state where the ultrafine fibers did not exist in a bundle shape, and had a metallic luster on the surface.
- X / Y was determined in the same manner as in Example 1, it was 2.2.
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Abstract
Description
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは該人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。)
(下記工程(1)~(5)を含む人工皮革の製造方法である。
(1)極細繊維発生型長繊維からなる長繊維ウエブを製造する工程、
(2)前記長繊維ウエブに絡合処理を施し、長繊維絡合ウェブを製造する工程、
(3)前記長繊維絡合ウェブ中の極細繊維発生型長繊維を極細繊維の繊維束に変換し、絡合不織布を製造する工程を順次含み、
(4)前記絡合不織布に高分子弾性体を付与する工程、および
(5)前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛し、起毛した前記極細長繊維を整毛する処理、または、前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束を整毛し、整毛した繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛する処理を行い、前記極細長繊維、又は、前記極細長繊維及び前記高分子弾性体からなり、かつ、下記条件
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは該人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。)
を満たす表面層を形成する工程。
(1)非捲縮の極細繊維発生型長繊維を用いて長繊維ウェブを製造する工程、
(2)前記長繊維ウェブの片面または両面を熱プレスして表面近傍の極細繊維発生型長繊維が仮融着された仮融着長繊維ウェブを製造する工程、
(3)前記仮融着長繊維ウェブを、スロートデプスが極細繊維発生型長繊維の太さの4~20倍のニードルを用いて、針先端から第一バーブまでの距離以上の突き刺し深度および50~5000パンチ/cm2のパンチング密度で初期ニードルパンチし、ついで、スロートデプスが極細繊維発生型長繊維の太さの2~8倍、かつ、初期ニードルパンチで用いたニードルよりは細いニードルを用いて、第一バーブが仮融着長繊維ウェブ厚みの50%以上、かつ、初期ニードルパンチの突き刺し深度よりは浅い突き刺し深度および50~5000パンチ/cm2のパンチング密度で1段階または数段階に分けて後期ニードルパンチする工程
を含む長繊維絡合ウェブの製造方法に関する。
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは該人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。)
X/Yがこの範囲にあることで、表面層の極細長繊維の向きが部分的に、もしくは全体的に一定方向に揃う配向性が備わる。その結果、配向した箇所では外光が反射して良好な光沢感が得られる。
X/Yが1.5より小さいと、十分な金属光沢感が得られない。一方、理論的には、上記比が無限大に近づくほど金属光沢感は強くなると予想されるが、50を超えると金属光沢感にはほとんど変化が無く、また生産コストの観点からも処理回数が増加するだけでメリットが無い。実質的には20以下での使用が現実的である。従って、X/Yは、1.5~50であることが好ましく、1.5~20であることがより好ましい。
(1)極細繊維発生型長繊維からなる長繊維ウエブを製造する工程、
(2)前記長繊維ウエブに絡合処理を施し、長繊維絡合ウェブを製造する工程、
(3)前記長繊維絡合ウェブ中の極細繊維発生型長繊維を極細繊維の繊維束に変換し、絡合不織布を製造する工程を順次経て、
(4)前記絡合不織布に高分子弾性体を付与する工程、および
(5)前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛し、起毛した前記極細長繊維を整毛する処理、または、前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束を整毛し、整毛した繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛する処理を行い、前記極細長繊維、又は、前記極細長繊維及び前記高分子弾性体からなる表面層を形成する工程を経て製造される。
なお、上記(4)及び(5)の工程は(3)の工程の後にこの順に設けられてもよいし、(3)の工程の後に(5)の工程及び(4)の工程がこの順に設けられていてもよい。
以下、(1)~(5)を順次経る例をもとに各工程について詳述する。
工程(1)では、非捲縮の極細繊維発生型長繊維(海島型長繊維)を用いて長繊維ウェブを製造する。海島型長繊維は少なくとも2種類のポリマーからなる多成分系複合繊維であって、海成分ポリマー中にこれとは異なる種類の島成分ポリマーが分散した断面を有する。海島型長繊維は、絡合不織布構造体に形成した後、高分子弾性体を含浸させる前または後に海成分ポリマーを抽出または分解して除去することで、残った島成分ポリマーからなる極細長繊維が複数本集まった繊維束に変換される。
P=([η]103/8.29)(1/0.62)
工程(2)では、長繊維ウエブに絡合処理を施して長繊維絡合ウェブを得る。長繊維ウエブを、必要に応じてクロスラッパー等を用いて複数層重ね合わせた後、両面から同時または交互に少なくとも1つ以上のバーブが貫通する条件でニードルパンチする。パンチング密度は、300~5000パンチ/cm2の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは500~3500パンチ/cm2の範囲である。上記範囲内であると、充分な絡合が得られ、海島型長繊維のニードルによる損傷が少ない。該絡合処理により、海島型長繊維同士が三次元的に絡合し、厚さ方向に平行な断面において海島型長繊維が平均600~4000個/mm2の密度で存在する、海島型長繊維が極めて緻密に集合した長繊維絡合ウェブが得られる。長繊維ウエブにはその製造から絡合処理までのいずれかの段階で油剤を付与してもよい。必要に応じて、70~150℃の温水に浸漬するなどの収縮処理によって、長繊維ウエブの絡合状態をより緻密にしてもよい。また、熱プレス処理を行なうことで海島型長繊維同士をさらに緻密に集合させ、長繊維ウエブの形態を安定にしてもよい。長繊維絡合ウェブの目付は100~2000g/m2あるのが好ましい。
工程(3)では、海成分ポリマーを除去することにより極細繊維発生型長繊維(海島型長繊維)を極細化して極細長繊維の繊維束からなる絡合不織布を製造する。海成分ポリマーを除去する方法としては、島成分ポリマーの非溶剤または非分解剤であり、かつ、海成分ポリマーの溶剤または分解剤で長繊維絡合ウェブを処理する方法が本発明においては好ましく採用される。島成分ポリマーがポリアミド系樹脂やポリエステル系樹脂である場合、海成分ポリマーがポリエチレンであればトルエン、トリクロロエチレン、テトラクロロエチレンなどの有機溶剤が、海成分ポリマーが水溶性PVAであれば温水、また、海成分ポリマーが易アルカリ分解性の変性ポリエステルであれば水酸化ナトリウム水溶液などのアルカリ性分解剤が使用される。海成分ポリマーの除去は人工皮革分野において従来採用されている方法により行えばよく、特に制限されない。本発明においては、環境負荷が少なく、また、労働衛生上好ましいので、海成分ポリマーとして水溶性PVAを使用し、これを、有機溶媒を使用することなく85~100℃の熱水中で100~600秒間処理し、除去率が95質量%以上(100%を含む)になるまで抽出除去し、極細繊維発生型長繊維を島成分ポリマーからなる極細長繊維の繊維束に変換するのが好ましい。
[(収縮処理前の面積-収縮処理後の面積)/収縮処理前の面積]×100
で表される面積収縮率が好ましくは30%以上、より好ましくは30~75%になるように収縮処理を行って高密度化してもよい。収縮処理により形態保持性がより良好になり、起毛時または整毛時の繊維の素抜けも防止される。
工程(4)では、工程(3)を経て製造された絡合不織布に高分子弾性体の水分散体または水溶液を付与し、熱を加えながら高分子弾性体を凝固させて人工皮革を製造する。高分子弾性体としては、人工皮革の製造に従来用いられているポリウレタンエラストマー、アクリロニトリルエラストマー、オレフィンエラストマー、ポリエステルエラストマー、アクリルエラストマーなどから選ばれる少なくとも1種の弾性体を用いることができるが、ポリウレタンエラストマー及び/又はアクリルエラストマーが特に好ましい。
高分子ポリオールの平均分子量は500~3000であるのが好ましい。得られる人工皮革の耐光堅牢性、耐熱堅牢性、耐NOx黄変性、耐汗性、耐加水分解性などの耐久性をより良好にする場合には、2種以上の高分子ポリオールを使用することが好ましい。
また、鎖伸長反応時に、鎖伸長剤とともに、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミンなどのモノアミン類;4-アミノブタン酸、6-アミノヘキサン酸などのカルボキシル基含有モノアミン化合物;メタノール、エタノール、プロパノール、ブタノールなどのモノオール類を併用してもよい。
このような分布勾配を得るために、本発明では、高分子弾性体の水溶液または水分散体を含浸させた後、マイグレーション防止手段を講じることなく、絡合不織布の表面と裏面を好ましくは110~150℃で、好ましくは0.5~30分間加熱する。このような加熱により水分が表面と裏面から蒸散し、それに伴って高分子弾性体を含む水分が両表層部に移行し、高分子弾性体が表面と裏面近傍で凝固する。マイグレーションのための加熱は、乾燥装置中などにおいて熱風を表面および裏面に吹き付けることにより行うのが好ましい。
工程(5)では、絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛した後、起毛した極細長繊維を一方向に配向するように整毛する、または、極細長繊維束を一方向に配向するように整毛した後、繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛する。この工程により、表面部の繊維束が一方向に配向された極細長繊維に変換され、繊維束を実質的に含まない(約200倍のSEM写真において繊維束が観測されない)表面層が形成される。極細長繊維に変換されない繊維束が表面層に残っていると光沢が不十分である。より具体的には、工程(5)により、下記条件:
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。)
を満たす、極細長繊維からなる表面層、又は、極細長繊維及び高分子弾性体からなる表面層が形成される。表面層の高分子弾性体含有量は人工皮革中に存在する全極細長繊維に対して9質量%以下であるのが好ましい。
例えば、構成する繊維がポリエステル系の繊維の場合には、分散染料による染色は過酷な条件(高温、高圧)で行われるため、高分子弾性体を付与する前に染色(先染め)すると極細繊維の破断などが生じる。本発明では極細繊維が長繊維であるので先染めが可能となる。前記した収縮処理により極細長繊維は高収縮して分散染色条件に十分耐える強度を持つので、先染めする場合には予め収縮処理することが好ましい。通常、高分子弾性体を含む絡合不織布を染色した場合、高分子弾性体に付着した分散染料を除去して染色堅牢度を向上させるために強アルカリ条件下での還元洗浄工程と中和工程が必要であった。本発明では、工程(4)(高分子弾性体付与)の前に染色することも可能であるので、これらの工程が不要になる。また、染色中に高分子弾性体が脱落するなどの問題があったが、先染めによりこの問題が回避されると共に高分子弾性体の選択範囲が広がる。先染めした場合、余分な染料は湯や中性洗剤液等を使用した洗浄で除去できる。従って、極めてマイルドな条件で染色の摩擦堅牢度、特に、湿摩擦堅牢度を向上させることができる。また、高分子弾性体が染色されていないので、繊維と高分子弾性体との染料吸尽性の違いに起因する色斑を防止することもできる。
(1’)非捲縮の極細繊維発生型長繊維を用いて長繊維ウェブを製造する工程。
(2’)前記長繊維ウェブの片面または両面を熱プレスして表面近傍の極細繊維発生型長繊維を仮融着し、仮融着長繊維ウェブを製造する工程。
(3’)前記仮融着長繊維ウェブを、条件を変えて2以上の段階でニードルパンチし、極細繊維発生型長繊維を充分に絡合させると共に仮融着箇所を細分化させ、長繊維絡合ウェブを製造する工程。
人工皮革または絡合不織布を形成している極細長繊維(20個)の断面積を走査型電子顕微鏡(倍率:数百倍~数千倍程度)により測定し平均断面積を求めた。この平均断面積と繊維を形成するポリマーの密度から平均繊度を計算した。
絡合不織布を形成している繊維束の中から選び出した平均的な繊維束(20個)を走査型電子顕微鏡(倍率:数百倍~数千倍程度)で観察し、その外接円の半径を測定して平均断面積を求めた。この平均断面積が繊維を形成するポリマーで充填されているとし、該ポリマーの密度から繊維束の平均繊度を計算した。
示差走査熱量計(TA3000、メトラー社製)を用いて、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/分で室温からポリマー種類に応じて300~350℃まで昇温後、直ちに室温まで冷却し、再度直ちに昇温速度10℃/分で300~350℃まで昇温したときに得られた吸熱ピークのピークトップ温度を求めた。
厚さ200μmの高分子弾性体フィルムを、130℃で30分間熱処理し、粘弾性測定装置(レオロジ社製FTレオスペクトラー「DVE-V4」)を用いて周波数11Hz、昇温速度3℃/分で測定を行い、損失弾性率のピーク温度を求めた。
厚さ200μmの高分子弾性体フィルムを加圧下130℃で60分間熱水処理し、50℃に冷却後、ピンセットで取り出した。過剰な水をろ紙でふき取り、重量を測定した。浸漬前の重量に対する増加した重量の割合を熱水膨潤率とした。
たて15cm、幅2.7cm、厚さ4mmのゴム板の表面を240番のサンドペーパーでバフ掛けし、表面を十分に粗くした。溶剤系の接着剤(US-44)と架橋剤(ディスモジュールRE)の100:5の混合液を該ゴム板の粗面とたて(シート長さ方向)25cm、幅2.5cmの試験片の片面に12cmの長さにガラス棒で塗布し、100℃の乾燥機中で4分間乾燥した。その後、ゴム板と試験片の接着剤塗布部分同士を貼り合わせ、プレスローラーで圧着し、20℃で24時間キュアリングした。蒸留水に10分浸漬した後に、ゴム板と試験片の端をそれぞれチャックで挟み、引張試験機で引張速度50mm/分で剥離した。得られた応力-ひずみ曲線(SS曲線)の平坦部分から湿潤時の平均剥離強力を求めた。結果は、試験片3個の平均値で表した。
仮融着長繊維ウェブの任意の表面を走査型電子顕微鏡で撮影した(20倍)。得られた表面写真上で、タテ4mm X 横 6mmの長方形の中に存在する長繊維が6本以上仮融着している仮融着個数を数え、1cm2あたりに換算して、仮融着個数(個/cm2)を算出した。同様に、ニードルパンチ後の長繊維絡合ウェブの表面を走査型電子顕微鏡で撮影した(30~50倍)。得られた表面写真上で、タテ4mm X 横 6mmの長方形の中に存在する長繊維が2~5本仮融着している仮融着個数を数え、1mm2あたりに換算して、仮融着個数(個/mm2)を算出した。
長繊維絡合ウェブを縦10cm、横10cmに切り出し、重量を小数点2桁まで測定した。次に荷重50g/m2の厚み測定器を使用して5点の厚さの平均を算出し、見掛け比重(g/cm3)を求めた。
長繊維絡合ウェブの表面を走査型電子顕微鏡で撮影した(50倍)。得られた写真上で0.5mm×0.5mmの正方形を任意に10個選び、各正方形の面積当たりの切断端数を求め、その平均値を算出した。
攪拌機、窒素導入口、エチレン導入口および開始剤添加口を備えた100L加圧反応槽に、酢酸ビニル29.0kgおよびメタノール31.0kgを仕込み、60℃に昇温した後30分間窒素バブリングにより系中を窒素置換した。次いで反応槽圧力が5.9kgf/cm2となるようにエチレンを導入した。2,2’-アゾビス(4-メトキシ-2,4-ジメチルバレロニトリル)(開始剤)をメタノールに溶解して濃度2.8g/Lの開始剤溶液を調整し、窒素ガスによるバブリングを行って窒素置換した。上記の重合槽内温を60℃に調整した後、上記の開始剤溶液170mLを注入し重合を開始した。重合中、エチレンを導入して反応槽圧力を5.9kgf/cm2に、重合温度を60℃に維持し、上記の開始剤溶液を610mL/hrで連続添加した。10時間後に重合率が70%となったところで冷却して重合を停止した。反応槽を開放して脱エチレンした後、窒素ガスをバブリングして脱エチレンを完全に行った。
上記変性PVA(水溶性熱可塑性ポリビニルアルコール:海成分)と、変性度6モル%のイソフタル酸変性ポリエチレンテレフタレ-ト(島成分)を、海成分/島成分が25/75(質量比)となるように260℃で溶融複合紡糸用口金(島数:25島/繊維)より吐出した。紡糸速度が3700m/minとなるようにエジェクター圧力を調整し、繊維束の平均繊度が2.1デシテックスの海島型長繊維をネット上に捕集した。ついで、表面温度42℃の金属ロールでネット上の海島型長繊維シートを軽く押さえ、表面の毛羽立ちを抑えてネットから剥離し、表面温度55℃の金属ロール(格子柄)とバックロール間で200N/mmの線圧で熱プレスして表面繊維が格子状に仮融着した目付31g/m2の長繊維ウエブを得た(工程(1))。
得られた人工皮革の縦方向断面と横方向断面の電子顕微鏡写真(300倍)を図1と2に示す。
粒度400メッシュのサンドペーパーに変えて600メッシュのサンドペーパーにより回転数600rpmで処理した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、スェード調の人工皮革を得た。当該人工皮革も、実質的に最表面には繊維束が存在せず、極細繊維が束状に存在しない状態で配向しており、表面に金属光沢を有していた。
実施例1と同様にしてX/Yを求めたところ、1.5であった。
染色された極細長繊維からなる絡合不織布を、さらに表面処理剤としてフッ素系撥水剤(アクリル樹脂とC8F15単位のランダム共重合体)の2%水分散液に含浸、ピックアップ率64%で絞液し、120℃で2分乾燥させて表面に存在させた絡合不織布を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、スェード調の人工皮革を得た。当該人工皮革も、実質的に最表面には繊維束が存在せず、極細繊維が束状に存在しない状態で配向しており、表面に金属光沢を有していた。
実施例1と同様にしてX/Yを求めたところ、20であった。
工程(3)、(4)の順序を入れ替え、かつ付与するエマルジョンの濃度を50%にして付着量を35%にした以外は、実施例1と同様にして、スェード調の人工皮革を得た。当該人工皮革の表面層の厚みは50μm、基体層の厚みは800μmであったが、極細繊維束の周りが高分子弾性体で囲まれている為、整毛工程では高分子弾性体を傷つけるのみで繊維束を極細長繊維に分繊することが出来ず、また、一方向に配向させることも出来なかった。実施例1と同様にしてX/Yを求めたところ、1.2であった。得られた人工皮革の縦方向断面と横方向断面の電子顕微鏡写真を図3と4に示す。
比較例1の人工皮革は短毛のスェード調の外観は有しているものの、金属光沢は全く見られなかった。
実施例1の海島型長繊維を25~51mmに切断してステープルを得た。このステープルを用いる以外は実施例1と同様にして絡合不織布を得、この絡合不織布にポリウレタンを付与し、染色した。得られた染色絡合不織布を実施例1と同様に整毛、起毛しようとしたが表面部分のポリウレタン量が少ないためステープルのす抜けが激しく、整毛、起毛処理を十分に行うことができなかった。
す抜けを防止するために、ポルウレタン付与量を極細長繊維に対して32質量%(固形分基準)に増やして実施例1と同様に整毛、起毛した。しかし、表面部分のポリウレタン量が多過ぎて、極細繊維が十分に配向せず、X/Yは1.15であった。
上記変性PVA(水溶性熱可塑性ポリビニルアルコール:海成分)と、変性度6モル%のイソフタル酸変性ポリエチレンテレフタレ-ト(島成分)を、海成分/島成分が25/75(質量比)となるように260℃で溶融複合紡糸用口金(島数:25島/繊維)より吐出した。紡糸速度が3700m/minとなるようにエジェクター圧力を調整し、平均繊度が2.1デシテックス(dtex)、非捲縮の海島型長繊維をネット上に捕集した。ついで、表面温度42℃の金属ロールでネット上の海島型長繊維ウェブを15kgf/cmの線圧で押さえ、表面の毛羽立ちを抑えた。ネットから剥離したウェブを表面温度60℃の金属ロール(格子柄)とバックロール間で70kgf/cmの線圧で熱プレスして表面繊維が格子状に仮融着した目付31g/m2の仮融着長繊維ウェブを得た。図5に示すように、表面近傍の海島型長繊維が6本以上数カ所で仮融着されており、仮融着箇所の平均個数は32個/cm2であった。
目付:320g/m2
見掛け比重:0.18
融着箇所数:2個/mm2
繊維切断端数:0個/mm2
剥離強力:12kg/25mm
目付:480g/m2
見掛け比重:0.52
湿潤時の剥離強力:4.2kg/25mm
仮融着長繊維ウェブの目付を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
金属ロールの温度を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
仮融着長繊維ウェブの目付、重ね枚数および金属ロールの温度を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
金属ロールの温度を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
島成分として6‐ナイロン(NY)を用い、仮融着長繊維ウェブの目付、重ね枚数および金属ロールの温度を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
島成分としてポリプロピレン(PP)を用い、ウェブの重ね枚数および金属ロールの温度を変更した以外は、実施例4と同様に処理を行った。各測定結果を表1に示した。
実施例1の絡合ウェブの代わりに実施例4で得た長繊維絡合ウェブを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてスェード調の人工皮革を得た。当該人工皮革も、実質的に最表面には繊維束が存在せず、極細繊維が束状に存在しない状態で配向しており、表面に金属光沢を有していた。
実施例1と同様にしてX/Yを求めたところ、2.2であった。
Claims (14)
- 基体層と該基体層の一方の面に形成されてなる表面層とを有し、
前記基体層が極細長繊維の繊維束と高分子弾性体とを含み、
前記表面層が極細長繊維、又は、極細長繊維と高分子弾性体とからなり、
下記条件を満たす人工皮革。
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは該人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。) - 前記表面層が極細長繊維の繊維束を実質的に含まない請求項1に記載の人工皮革。
- 前記表面層の高分子弾性体含有量が、人工皮革中の全極細長繊維に対して9質量%以下である請求項1または2に記載の人工皮革。
- 3次元的に絡合した非捲縮の極細繊維発生型長繊維からなり、2~5本の極細繊維発生型長繊維が融着した部分が表面近傍に20個/mm2以下存在する長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 表面に露出した極細繊維発生型長繊維の切断端の数が0~30個/mm2である請求項4に記載の長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 剥離強力が2~20kg/25mmである請求項4または5に記載の長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 見掛け比重が0.10~0.35である請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 熱水面積収縮率が25~80%である請求項4~7のいずれか1項に記載の長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 前記極細繊維発生型長繊維が海島型長繊維である請求項4~8のいずれか1項に記載の長繊維絡合ウェブ。
- 下記工程(1)~(5)を含む人工皮革の製造方法。
(1)極細繊維発生型長繊維からなる長繊維ウエブを製造する工程、
(2)前記長繊維ウエブに絡合処理を施し、長繊維絡合ウェブを製造する工程、
(3)前記長繊維絡合ウェブ中の極細繊維発生型長繊維を極細繊維の繊維束に変換し、絡合不織布を製造する工程を順次含み、
(4)前記絡合不織布に高分子弾性体を付与する工程、および
(5)前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛し、起毛した前記極細長繊維を整毛する処理、または、前記絡合不織布の表面に存在する繊維束を整毛し、整毛した繊維束から極細長繊維を起毛する処理を行い、前記極細長繊維、又は、前記極細長繊維及び前記高分子弾性体からなり、かつ、下記条件
X/Y≧1.5
(上記式中、Xは該人工皮革の任意断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、Yは該断面と直交する断面における表面から20μmの深さに存在する前記極細長繊維の切断端の数であり、かつ、X>Yである。)
を満たす表面層を形成する工程。 - 前記工程(4)と(5)との間に、表面処理剤による表面処理を前記絡合不織布に施す工程を含む請求項10に記載の人工皮革の製造方法。
- 前記長繊維絡合ウェブを下記の順次工程:
(1’)非捲縮の極細繊維発生型長繊維を用いて長繊維ウェブを製造する工程、
(2’)前記長繊維ウェブの片面または両面を熱プレスして表面近傍の極細繊維発生型長繊維が仮融着された仮融着長繊維ウェブを製造する工程、
(3’)前記仮融着長繊維ウェブを、2枚以上積層した後、スロートデプスが極細繊維発生型長繊維の太さの4~20倍のニードルを用いて、針先端から第一バーブまでの距離以上の突き刺し深度および50~5000パンチ/cm2のパンチング密度で初期ニードルパンチし、ついで、スロートデプスが極細繊維発生型長繊維の太さの2~8倍、かつ、初期ニードルパンチで用いたニードルよりは細いニードルを用いて、第一バーブが仮融着長繊維ウェブ厚みの50%以上、かつ、初期ニードルパンチの突き刺し深度よりは浅い突き刺し深度および50~5000パンチ/cm2のパンチング密度で1段階または数段階に分けて後期ニードルパンチする工程
により製造する請求項10または11に記載の人工皮革の製造方法。 - 前記熱プレスを前記仮融着長繊維ウェブにおいて、6本以上の極細繊維発生型長繊維が仮融着した部分が表面近傍に10個/cm2以上存在するように行う請求項12に記載の人工皮革の製造方法。
- 前記初期ニードルパンチおよび後期ニードルパンチを、長繊維不織布の表面近傍において2~5本仮融着した部分が20個/mm2以下になるように行う請求項13に記載の人工皮革の製造方法。
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| US10689800B2 (en) * | 2013-11-01 | 2020-06-23 | Kuraray Co., Ltd. | Nubuck-leather-like sheet and manufacturing process therefor |
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| KR102444372B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-29 | 2022-09-16 | 주식회사 쿠라레 | 기모 피혁풍 시트 및 그 제조 방법 |
| CN108917824A (zh) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-30 | 南通大学 | 针刺深度作用对防辐射非织造材料影响的量化方法 |
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| EP2402501A4 (en) | 2017-07-19 |
| CN102333916B (zh) | 2013-09-25 |
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| TW201040352A (en) | 2010-11-16 |
| KR20110128828A (ko) | 2011-11-30 |
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