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WO2010080204A2 - Capteur solaire - Google Patents

Capteur solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010080204A2
WO2010080204A2 PCT/US2009/064058 US2009064058W WO2010080204A2 WO 2010080204 A2 WO2010080204 A2 WO 2010080204A2 US 2009064058 W US2009064058 W US 2009064058W WO 2010080204 A2 WO2010080204 A2 WO 2010080204A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
base plate
fins
multiplicity
solar
bottom end
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2009/064058
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2010080204A3 (fr
Inventor
Jason R. Wells
Khiem B. Do
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Skyline Solar Inc
Original Assignee
Skyline Solar Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skyline Solar Inc filed Critical Skyline Solar Inc
Publication of WO2010080204A2 publication Critical patent/WO2010080204A2/fr
Publication of WO2010080204A3 publication Critical patent/WO2010080204A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/60—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or compensating for temperature fluctuations
    • H10F77/63—Arrangements for cooling directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. heat sinks directly associated with the photovoltaic cells or integrated Peltier elements for active cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to solar receivers. More particularly, the present disclosure relates generally to solar receivers having a heat sink.
  • PV solar photovoltaic
  • CPV concentrating photovoltaic
  • Heat sinks may be used to absorb and dissipate the heat from the solar receivers.
  • current solar receivers are not sufficiently efficient from a thermal energy transfer standpoint while at the same time sufficiently simple, rugged, compact, and lightweight to be transportable, susceptible to on-site assembly, or efficiently stored.
  • a solar receiver having a base plate having a first surface and a second surface, a plurality of solar cells positioned over and supported by the first surface of the base plate, each solar cell having a cell face suitable for receiving solar radiation that faces away from the base plate, and a multiplicity of fins extending outwardly from the second surface of the base plate.
  • Each of the multiplicity of fins has a fin height axis extending generally perpendicular relative to the base plate, a fin length axis extending generally in parallel with the base plate, and a bottom end attached to the second surface of the base plate, wherein each of the multiplicity of fins are formed from a single, continuous sheet of metal arranged in a serpentine configuration, and wherein each of the multiplicity of fins have a plurality of undulations along the length axis of the fin.
  • the solar receiver may have a base plate having a first surface and a second surface, a plurality of solar cells positioned over and supported by the first surface of the base plate, each solar cell having a cell face suitable for receiving solar radiation that faces away from the base plate, and a multiplicity of fins extending outwardly from the second surface of the base plate.
  • Each of multiplicity of fins has a bottom end opposite a top end, the bottom end attached to the first surface of the base plate, wherein the top end has a width less than a width of the bottom end, wherein each of the multiplicity of fins are formed from a single, continuous sheet of metal arranged in a serpentine configuration, and wherein each of the multiplicity of fins have a plurality of undulations along a length axis of the fin.
  • Stackable solar receivers are also described with a first solar receiver having a first base plate having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of solar cells positioned over the first surface of the first base plate, each solar cell having a cell face suitable for receiving solar radiation that faces away from the first base plate, and a first multiplicity of fins extending outwardly from the second surface of the first base plate, each of the first multiplicity of fins are formed from a single, continuous sheet of metal arranged in a serpentine configuration having a bottom end opposite a top end, the bottom end attached directly to the second surface of the first base plate, wherein the top end has a width less than a width of the bottom end.
  • the stackable solar receiver also has a second solar receiver having a second base plate having a first surface and a second surface, a second plurality of solar cells positioned over the first surface of the second base plate, each solar cell having a cell face suitable for receiving solar radiation that faces away from the second base plate, and a second multiplicity of fins extending outwardly from the second surface of the second base plate, each of the second multiplicity of fins are formed from a single, continuous sheet of metal arranged in a serpentine configuration having a bottom end opposite a top end, the bottom end attached directly to the second surface of the second base plate, wherein the top end has a width less than a width of the bottom end, wherein the first multiplicity of fins is interleaved with the second multiplicity of fins to stack the first solar receiver with the second solar receiver during transport or storage.
  • FIGs. 1A-1D illustrate one embodiment of a heat sink.
  • Figs. 2 A - 2D illustrates a heat sink fin in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figs. 3A-3C illustrate example solar receivers.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B illustrates an embodiment of a stackable solar receiver.
  • Figs. 5 A and 5B illustrate other embodiments of a stackable solar receiver.
  • Heat sinks can be used to absorb and dissipate heat from solar receivers.
  • Heat sinks have a plurality of fins whereby heat generated by the solar cells dissipates by natural free convection through the plurality of fins. This minimizes the temperature rise experienced by the solar cells to improve efficiency and prevent warping, electrical shorts, or any other malfunctions due to high temperatures.
  • Figs. IA- ID illustrate one embodiment of a heat sink.
  • Fig. IA illustrates a side view of a plurality of heat sink fins
  • Fig. IB illustrates a perspective view of the plurality of heat sink fins of Fig. IA. As illustrated in Figs.
  • the plurality or multiplicity of fins 102 are formed or fabricated from one continuous roll or sheet of material and bent to form a serpentine configuration. This eliminates the need to assemble a heat sink using individual fins and is low cost and easy to manufacture.
  • the sheet of material can be any material that has good thermal conductivity such as aluminum, copper, or the like.
  • Fig. 1C illustrates a side view of various imperfect formations of a bottom end of the plurality of heat sink fins of Figs. IA and IB.
  • the plurality of fins can be attached to a base plate 106 of a solar receiver 100 in multiple bonding areas, such as at the bottom end 104a,b of each of the plurality of fins 102.
  • Each of the plurality of fins may be attached to the base plate 106 through any known means, such as with the use of adhesives.
  • Forming a flat and/or squared bottom end 104a, 104b is a challenging task when forming the serpentine configuration.
  • the end result may be a rounded bottom end 104a, a skewed bottom end 104b, or any other non-flat or non-planar configuration.
  • the various shapes and configurations of the bottom end 104a, b result in a non-uniform gap 108 between the base plate 106 and each of the plurality of fins 102.
  • more adhesive is necessary to bond the fins 102 to the base plate 106, which increases thermal resistance to the fins 102.
  • Adhesives have less thermal conductivity than the material used to form the base plate and/or the plurality of fins.
  • the amount of adhesive should be minimized to form a very thin layer of adhesive between the base plate and the heat sink fin to minimize thermal resistance of the bonding layer.
  • a adhesive has been used to describe the bond or attachment between the heat sink fin and the base plate, it is not meant to be limiting as any suitable means that enables good thermal conductivity contact between the heat sink fin and the base plate may be used, such as the use of bolts, screws, mechanical fasteners, soldering, brazing, welding or the like.
  • the thermal conductivity of most adhesives is only approximately 1% that of aluminum.
  • a larger gap 108 between the base plate 106 and the bottom end 104a, b requires more adhesive to bond the fins 102 to the base plate 106.
  • the use of more adhesive forms a thicker bonding layer 103, which then impedes heat transfer from the base plate 106 to the fins 102.
  • Fig. ID illustrates a side view of the plurality of heat sink fins being attached to the base plate.
  • the plurality of fins 102 may to be pressed against the base plate 106 by a force in the direction illustrated by arrows A. As illustrated in Fig. ID, the plurality of fins 102 easily bow when the pressed against the base plate 106. Although Fig. ID illustrates a symmetric outwardly bowing of each of the plurality of fins 102, in practice, uneven bowing occurs with each of the plurality of fins 102 such that some fins 102 may bow inward and others bow outward. Additionally, some of the fins 102 may also break or crack as a result of the force or pressure applied when pressed against the base plate 106.
  • Figs. 2A - 2D illustrates a heat sink fin in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2A illustrates a top view of the heat sink fin
  • Fig. 2B illustrates a perspective view of the heat sink fin of Fig. 2A.
  • the heat sink fins 200 are formed or fabricated from one continuous roll or sheet of material and bent to form a serpentine configuration similar to the fins illustrated in Fig. IA. This eliminates the need to assemble a heat sink using individual fins and is low cost and easy to manufacture.
  • the sheet of material can be any material that has good thermal conductivity such as aluminum, copper, or the like.
  • Each fin 202 may also be bent to form a plurality of undulations 204 along a length axis 206 of each of the fins 202.
  • the length axis 206 can extend generally in parallel with the base plate 106.
  • the plurality of undulations 204 creates a wave-like or ruffled configuration to each of the fins 202.
  • Each fin 202 may also have a fin height axis 208 that extends generally perpendicular relative to the base plate.
  • the fin height and fin height axis may be within 10° of the perpendicular to the base plate.
  • the fin height axis 208 need not be generally perpendicular to the base plate.
  • the fin height axis 208 may vary from a perpendicular axis to the base plate by about 0° - 45°.
  • each fin 202 may have between about 2 to 10 undulations along the length axis 206. In another embodiment, each fin 202 may have between about 3-6 undulations, and in a specific embodiment, each fin 202 may have between about 4-5 undulations along the length axis 206.
  • each fin 202 has between about 2 to 15 peaks 220 and valleys 222 along the length axis 206 of each of the fin 202. In another embodiment, each fin 202 may have between about 3 to 8 peaks 220 and valleys 222 along the length axis 206, and in a specific embodiment, each fin 202 may have at least 4 peaks 220 and valleys 222 along the length axis 206 of each fin 202.
  • Each of the plurality of undulations 204 may have an undulation pitch 212, which is the distance between each undulation. In one embodiment, the undulation pitch is no greater than approximately one undulation per inch.
  • An undulation amplitude 216 is the depth of the undulation parallel to the base plate 106 and an undulation radius 218 is the radius of the curvature associated with the undulation 204.
  • the heat sink fin 200 may have a fin pitch 214, which is the distance between similar structures on an adjacent fin.
  • the plurality of undulations 204 forms a heat sink fin 200 having an overall higher stiffness or rigidity that is able to withstand additional pressure during bonding or attachment to the base plate without bowing or breaking of the fins 202.
  • the resulting heat sink fin 200 is more stabilized and able to withstand bending and distortions.
  • Fig. 2C illustrates the bottom ends of the heat sink fin of Figs. 2A and 2B
  • Fig. 2D illustrates the top ends of the heat sink fin of Figs. 2A and 2B.
  • the formation of the fins with the plurality of undulations 204 results in each fin 202 having a bottom end 206 that is substantially planar or flat which facilities an efficient bond with the base plate 106.
  • each of the fins 202 are substantially perpendicular to the fin height 208 and parallel to the base plate 106. As illustrated in Fig. 2D, a top end 226 of each fins 202 may also be substantially planar or flat and substantially perpendicular to the fin height 208 and parallel to the base plate 106. [0033] This results in little to no gap between the base plate 106 and the fin 202, which in turn increases thermal conductivity between the base plate 106 and the heat sink fins 200. Furthermore, substantially the entire surface area of the bottom end 206 of each fin 202 is in close contact with the base plate 106.
  • the heat sink fin 200 Since the heat sink fin 200 has an overall higher stiffness or rigidity, it may be bonded or attached to the base plate 106 using a greater force or pressure between the heat sink fin 200 and the base plate 106. This results in a thinner bonding layer 210. Additionally, since each of the bottom ends 206 are substantially planar, the heat sink fin 200 may be bonded to the base plate 106 with a uniform bonding layer 210. Both the thinner and more uniform bonding layer 210 results in decreased thermal resistance at the bonding layer 210 between the heat sink fin 200 and the base plate 106.
  • the formation of the plurality of undulations along the fin length axis also allows for the use of thinner material to form the heat sink fin since the heat sink fin has an overall higher stiffness or rigidity. This enables the formation of a lighter and less expensive heat sink and solar receiver. Moreover, it has been unexpectedly determined that the fin height may be increased without compromising the mechanical integrity of the heat sink fin. Thus, the fin height 208 to fin length 206 ratio may increase which results in high thermal conductivity since there is more surface area for heat transfer. In one embodiment, the fin height to fin length ratio may be greater than 0.5.
  • Figs. 3A-3C illustrate example solar receivers.
  • Fig. 3A is a perspective view of the back of one example solar receiver
  • Fig. 3B is a perspective view of the front of the example solar receiver using an embodiment of the heat sink fin.
  • the solar receiver 300 may have a base plate 106 having a first surface 304 and a second surface 320 opposite the first surface 304.
  • the solar receiver 300 may have a plurality of solar cells 306 positioned over and supported by the first surface 304 of the base plate 106. Each solar cell 306 has a cell face, facing away from the base plate 106, which is suitable for receiving solar radiation.
  • the solar receiver 300 has a multiplicity of fins 308 extending outwardly from the second surface 320 of the base plate 106.
  • Each of the multiplicity of fins 308 has a fin height axis 208 and a length axis 206.
  • the fin height axis 208 can extend generally perpendicular relative to the base plate 106 and the fin length axis 206 can extend generally parallel with the base plate 106.
  • a bottom end of each of the fins 308 can be attached to the second surface of the base plate 106.
  • the solar cells 306 and multiplicity of fins 308 may be attached or assembled to the base plate by any known means such as those described in co- pending application serial number 12/124,121, entitled “Photovoltaic Receiver”, filed May 20, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.
  • the solar cells 306 produce waste heat that must be removed from the solar receiver.
  • the heat may be transferred or transmitted to the base plate 106, through the bonding layer 210 (Fig. 2C), and to the heat sink fins 308 via conduction. In one embodiment, the heat can then be dissipated into the surrounding environment or air via natural convection along the length axis 206 of the multiplicity of fins 308.
  • Fig. 3C illustrates a perspective view of another example solar receiver. A portion of the top end 226 (Fig. 2D) of the heat sink fins 308 may be removed thereby forming an opening 322 on the top end of the fin 308.
  • top end 226 The entire surface of the top end 226 is not removed to retain the serpentine shape of the heat sink and to allow the heat sink to be formed from one continuous sheet of material.
  • This embodiment allows for additional air flow paths in the region below the top end 226, for example, the area enclosed by the heat sink fin and the base plate as illustrated by arrow 326. These additional air flow paths may improve thermal conductance of the heat, reduce photovoltaic cell temperature, and improve solar cell efficiency.
  • Some embodiments involve a solar receiver 300 in which the heat sink is electrically grounded. Generally, when electrically conductive fins are individually connected together to form a heat sink, weak connections can inhibit the passage of electrical current through multiple fins.
  • the fins 308 are made from a single piece of conductive material.
  • An example heat sink fin may be made from a continuous sheet of material, such as aluminum.
  • the sheet of material may have a thickness of about 0.020 inches.
  • Each fin may have a fin length of about 5.50 inches and a fin height of about 3 inches.
  • Each fin may have a fin pitch of about 0.25 inches and about 5.5 undulations along the fin length axis.
  • Each fin may have an undulation amplitude of about 0.050 inches, an undulation period of about 1 inch, and an undulation radius of about 1.262 inches.
  • the heat sink may be formed to any desired length. In one embodiment, the heat sink may have a length of about 52 inches, which results in the formation of about 208 fins.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B illustrates an embodiment of a stackable solar receiver.
  • Fig. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional side view of a solar receiver.
  • the solar receiver 400 may have a plurality of fins 402 having a bottom end 404 and a top end 406 opposite the bottom end 404.
  • the bottom end 404 may be attached to the base plate 106 via a bonding layer 408 as discussed above.
  • Each fin 402 may have a top end width 410 and a bottom end width 412.
  • Current heat sinks have a top end width 410 that is equal to the bottom end width 412.
  • FIG. 4A illustrates a solar receiver 400 having a plurality of fins 402 with a top end width 410 less than the bottom end width 412 thereby forming fins 402 with a trapezoidal or tapered cross-section.
  • Fig. 4B illustrates a perspective view of the nested, stacked, or interleaved solar receivers.
  • the figure illustrates nested heat sinks, this is not intended to be limiting as the heat sinks may be attached to the base plate forming a complete receiver, the base plates are not illustrated for clarity to illustrate how the fins stack or nest within each other.
  • a first solar receiver 414 having a first multiplicity of fins 418 may be flipped and nested or stacked within a second solar receiver 416 having a second multiplicity of fins 420.
  • the undulation pitch and undulation phase of each fin should be matched and/or substantially similar in order for the solar receivers 414, 416 to nest within each other.
  • the first multiplicity of fins 418 may extend substantially the entire fin height 208 of the second multiplicity of fins 420 when the first multiplicity of fins 418 are nested within the second multiplicity of fins 420.
  • the combined height of the first solar receiver 414 and the second solar receiver 416 is only slightly greater than the height of one of the solar receivers.
  • the ability to nest solar receivers increases the packing density of the solar receivers during transportation or storage.
  • the shipping and storage volume of the solar receivers may be reduced by a factor of two as compared to current shipping and storage volumes where nesting of solar receivers are not possible.
  • concomitant shipping and storage costs may be reduced which can influence the commercial viability of CPV systems.
  • nesting the solar receivers reduces the probability of fin damage during transportation or storage.
  • the fins form a mechanical protection layer for each opposing fin thereby increasing the mechanical robustness of the structure.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate other embodiments of a stackable solar receiver.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate side views of alternative embodiments of a stackable solar receiver.
  • the solar receiver 500 has a plurality of tapered heat sink fins 510.
  • Each fin 510 has a top end width 504 that is less than a bottom end width 506.
  • the tapered angle 508 of each fin 510 may be between about 2° to about 30°.
  • Fig. 5B illustrates another embodiment of a stackable solar receiver.
  • the solar receiver 502 may have a plurality of heat sink fins 512.
  • Each fin 512 may have a rounded taper at the top end 514 such that the bottom end width 516 is greater than a width of the tapered top end 514.
  • the difference in width between the bottom end 518 and the top end 514 of the fins 512 allows two solar receivers to nest within each other for transport or storage.
  • Figs. 5 A and 5B are illustrated with the top end width less than the bottom end width, this is not limiting as the opposite may be possible.
  • the top end width may be greater than the bottom end width.
  • one heat sink may slideably engage another heat sink in order to nest or stack the heat sink fins.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un capteur solaire comportant, dans certains modes de réalisation, une plaque de base présentant une première surface et une deuxième surface, une pluralité de cellules solaires positionnées sur et supportées par la première surface de la plaque de base, et une multiplicité d'ailettes s'étendant vers l'extérieur à partir de la deuxième surface de la plaque de base. Chaque ailette de la multiplicité d'ailettes possède un axe de hauteur d'ailette s'étendant de manière généralement perpendiculaire à la plaque de base, un axe de longueur d'ailette s'étendant de manière généralement parallèle à la plaque de base et une extrémité inférieure rattachée à la deuxième surface de la plaque de base, chaque ailette de la multiplicité d'ailettes étant formée d'une tôle continue unique agencée en une configuration sinueuse et chaque ailette de la multiplicité d'ailettes présentant une pluralité d'ondulations suivant l'axe de la longueur de l'ailette.
PCT/US2009/064058 2008-12-19 2009-11-11 Capteur solaire Ceased WO2010080204A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/340,379 US20100154788A1 (en) 2008-12-19 2008-12-19 Solar receiver
US12/340,379 2008-12-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2010080204A2 true WO2010080204A2 (fr) 2010-07-15
WO2010080204A3 WO2010080204A3 (fr) 2011-05-05

Family

ID=42264256

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2009/064058 Ceased WO2010080204A2 (fr) 2008-12-19 2009-11-11 Capteur solaire

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20100154788A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010080204A2 (fr)

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WO2008112180A2 (fr) * 2007-03-11 2008-09-18 Soliant Energy, Inc. Récepteur photovoltaïque pour applications de concentrateur solaire

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3890184A1 (fr) 2020-04-03 2021-10-06 The Provost, Fellows, Scholars and other Members of Board of Trinity College Dublin Dissipateur thermique et ses utilisations
WO2021198521A1 (fr) 2020-04-03 2021-10-07 The Provost, Fellows, Scholars And Other Members Of Board Of Trinity College Dublin Échangeur de chaleur et ses utilisations

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US20100154788A1 (en) 2010-06-24

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