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WO2010063546A1 - Machine électrique à excitation hybride présentant un rotor à commutation de polarité - Google Patents

Machine électrique à excitation hybride présentant un rotor à commutation de polarité Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010063546A1
WO2010063546A1 PCT/EP2009/065090 EP2009065090W WO2010063546A1 WO 2010063546 A1 WO2010063546 A1 WO 2010063546A1 EP 2009065090 W EP2009065090 W EP 2009065090W WO 2010063546 A1 WO2010063546 A1 WO 2010063546A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pole
rotor
poles
electrical machine
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2009/065090
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Gert Wolf
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2010063546A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010063546A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/02—Details
    • H02K21/04—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation
    • H02K21/042—Windings on magnets for additional excitation ; Windings and magnets for additional excitation with permanent magnets and field winding both rotating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/48—Arrangements for obtaining a constant output value at varying speed of the generator, e.g. on vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid-excited electric machine with a stationary stator and a pole-changing rotor according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such electrical machines are suitable as synchronous machines both for operation on a fixed three-phase network as a generator and as an electric motor. Furthermore, such machines are suitable in generator mode for controlling the induced voltage of a polyphase stator winding, as required for example in vehicle electrical systems.
  • the poles are on the circumference of the rotor partly permanent magnetic and the other part electrically excited.
  • a hybrid-excited rotor of an electric machine which is designed to be switchable by a reversal of the electrical excitation.
  • the poles of the rotor are separated at its outer periphery by grooves, so that alternate at the higher pole tooth, the north and south poles, whereas at the smaller number of poles several adjacent poles each form a common south or north pole. While the permanent magnets are each used there in a punched window below a pole, individual coils are wound around punched pole teeth of the rotor for electrical excitation of the rotor.
  • the aim is to equip a synchronous electric machine with a hybrid-excited, pole-changing rotor with an excitation coil which is easy to manufacture and mount in order to realize a rotor having a rotational speed which is as simple and robust as possible.
  • the pole core can be integrally formed in each case half of the two pole plates or produced in one piece with the machine shaft. Preferably, however, it is proposed to fix the pole core and the pole plates as separate, easily manufacturable parts on the machine shaft.
  • the exciter coil is concentrically surrounded by an annular rotor core stack, in which the preferably radially magnetized permanent magnets are used for the magnetic excitation of the rotor.
  • the two pole plates rest with radially outwardly directed flux conducting sections on the end faces of the rotor laminated core.
  • the flux conducting sections of one pole plate are expediently offset from the flux conducting sections of the other pole plate by at least one pole pitch of the higher number of poles of the rotor.
  • the tangentially magnetized permanent magnets are each arranged between two permanent magnetically excited poles or between a permanent magnet and an electrically excited pole or between two electrically excited poles.
  • the excitation coil is expediently designed such that the output voltage of the stator winding is preferably adjustable by load and temperature dependent between a maximum value and the value zero by a change of strength and direction of the excitation current in the exciter coil.
  • the rotor preferably has the higher number of poles in the normal generator operation of the machine, wherein the strength and direction of the excitation current is expediently to be chosen so that in cooperation with the permanent magnets on the circumference of the rotor approximately equally strong poles of alternating polarity occur.
  • At least one of the two pole plates has a flux conducting region with a plurality of flux conducting sections, of which at least one contacts an electrically excited pole and preferably another pole which is excited by a permanent magnet.
  • the efficiency of the machine can be improved by axially inserting at least one iron core in the region of an electrically excited pole into the rotor laminated core in order to improve the conduction of the electrically excited field within the axially stacked lamellae of the blech package.
  • the rotor laminated core is expediently provided on the circumference in each case between two poles with a pole-separating groove.
  • Below each magnetically excited pole of the rotor laminated core is expediently an approximately the pole width corresponding to wide window for receiving a punched radially magnetized permanent magnet.
  • a radially aligned window is offset below a pole-separating groove.
  • two electrically excited poles of alternating polarity are arranged on the circumference of the rotor laminated core at a higher number of poles of preferably twelve poles between two permanent magnetically excited poles of alternating polarity.
  • Such a pole sequence can also be realized on an eight-pole rotor.
  • Poles are more than twice larger than the magnetically excited poles.
  • a particularly good transition of the electrically excited magnetic flux from the two Polplatinen to the rotor laminated core can be achieved, that the Flußleit Trial is deposited on the outer circumference of the Polplatinen each by a shoulder of the Polplatinen, which rests on the inner circumference of the rotor core.
  • the Flußleit Schemee the Polplatinen are advantageously separated from each other in the circumferential direction by a respective recess, the bottom of which is radially below the shoulder.
  • the flux-conducting region of the pole plates is contacted with one of its flux-conducting sections radially below a permanent magnet with the end face of the rotor lamination stack.
  • FIG. 2 shows a circuit diagram of the generator with a bridge circuit of a five-phase stator winding in an arrangement as a five-pointed star
  • FIG. 3 shows an exploded view of a rotor according to the invention as the first embodiment.
  • Figure 4a, 4b shows the rotor of Figure 3 in front view with the electric
  • FIG. 5 shows in a diagram the course of the output voltage of the machine in generator operation as a function of the exciter current.
  • Figure 6a shows a simplified view of the rotor in its axial extent and extent in the circumferential direction.
  • Figure 6b shows the annular rotor core in its radial extent and its extent in the circumferential direction.
  • FIG. 6c shows an alternative embodiment of the annular rotor laminations in its radial extent and extent in the circumferential direction.
  • FIG. 7 shows a sheet metal section for the joint production of the lamellae of FIG.
  • Figure 8 shows an edgewise rolled annular rotor core in one
  • Figure 9 shows a fixing form of the annular rotor laminated core on a pole plate.
  • FIG. 10 shows an exploded view of a rotor according to the invention as a second exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 1 1 a, 1 1 b shows the rotor of Figure 10 in front view with the electrical reversal between twelve and six poles.
  • Figure 12 shows an exploded view of a rotor according to the invention as a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 13a, 13b show the rotor from FIG. 12 in the front view with the ectrical reversal control between twelve and four poles
  • FIG. 13c shows a schematic representation of the development of the rotor from FIG. 12 with the electrical reversal from 12 to 6 poles.
  • Figures 14 to 21 show alternative solutions in a schematic representation of the rotor according to Figure 13c.
  • FIG. 1 as an electric machine 10 according to the invention, an alternator for motor vehicles is shown in longitudinal section.
  • This has inter alia a two-part housing 13, which consists of a first bearing plate 13a and a second bearing plate 13b.
  • the bearing plate 13a and the bearing plate 13b take in a stator 16, with an annular stator lamination 17, in which inwardly open and axially extending grooves 19, a stator winding 18 is inserted.
  • the annular stator 16 with its radially inwardly directed surface, surrounds a permanent-magnet and electromagnetic rotor 20, which is designed as a hybrid-excited rotor.
  • Stator 16 acts in this case via a working air gap with the rotatably mounted in the stator 16 rotor 20.
  • the rotor 20 has over its circumference in a predetermined sequence on several north poles N and south poles S, which are formed by pollagende permanent magnets 25, as well as by an excitation coil 29.
  • the exciter coil 29 is in this case designed as a ring coil about the axis x of the machine. Radially inside the exciter coil 29 is the pole core 31.
  • the electromagnetically active part of the rotor 20 is bounded axially by two pole plates 22 and 23.
  • annular rotor core 21 is preferably laminated in the axial direction. Radially inside the rotor laminated core 21, the exciting coil 29 is arranged.
  • the transfer points between the respective pole plate 22, 23 and the rotor laminated core 21 are stepped in the region of its end faces 21 a, 21 b, in which at the radially outer region of the pole plates in each case one
  • Fluxing 39 is offset by a shoulder 39a of the pile boards, so that a larger transition surface to the rotor core 21 for the electrically excited field arises.
  • the construction shown here in which both a transfer of the electrically excited field in the radial and in the axial direction of the pole plate 22,23 in the rotor core 21 is possible, is particularly effective.
  • the rotor 20 is rotatably mounted in the respective end shields 13a and 13b, respectively, by means of a machine shaft 27 and one respective rolling bearing 28 located on each side of the rotor. It has two axial end faces, on each of which a fan 30 is attached. These fans 30 essentially consist of a plate-shaped or disk-shaped sheet metal section, starting from the fan blades in a known manner. These fans 30 serve to allow an air exchange between the outside and the interior of the electric machine 10 via openings 48 in the end shields 13a and 13b. For this purpose, the openings 48 are provided at the axial ends of the bearing plates 13a and 13b, via which cooling air is sucked into the interior of the electric machine 10 by means of the fan 30.
  • This cooling air is accelerated radially outward by the rotation of the fans 30 so that they can pass through the cooling-air-permeable winding heads 50 on the drive side and 51 on the electronics side. By this effect, the winding heads 50, 51 are cooled. The cooling air takes after passing through the winding heads 50,
  • FIG. 1 on the right side there is a protective cap 47, which protects various components against environmental influences.
  • this protective cap 47 covers, for example, a slip ring assembly 49, which supplies the exciting coil 29 with exciting current.
  • a heat sink 53 Around this slip ring assembly 49 around a heat sink 53 is arranged, which acts here as a plus heat sink, are mounted on the positive diodes 59. As a so-called minus heat sink, the bearing plate 13b acts.
  • connection plate 56 which connects negative diodes 58 and positive diodes 59 fixed in the end shield 13b in the heat sink 53 in the form of a rectifier bridge circuit 69 (see FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows the circuit diagram of the alternator 10, the stator winding 18 with five phase-forming winding strands 70, 71, 72, 73,
  • the five winding strands 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 are one Basic circuit as a five-pointed star (Drudenfuß) connected in series, with each interconnected in the prongs of the star strands enclose an angle of approximately 36 ° el., By each an adjacent strand is skipped.
  • the rectifier bridge circuit 69 is connected at the interconnection points 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 of the teeth of the five-pointed star.
  • the winding strands are interconnected as follows.
  • the winding sub-string 70 is connected to the winding sub-string 71 at the connection point 80.
  • the winding strand 71 is connected to the winding strand 72 at its opposite end at the connection point 81.
  • the winding strand 72 is connected to the winding strand 73 at its opposite end at the connection point 82.
  • the winding sub-string 73 is connected to the winding strand 74 at its opposite end at the connection point 83.
  • the winding strand 74 is connected at its opposite end at the connection point 84 with the winding strand 70.
  • the Verschaltungsains are preferably axially on or adjacent to the electronics side winding 51 to realize the shortest possible Verschaltungswege.
  • the respectively connecting wires of the winding strands 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 of a connection point 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 preferably emerge from grooves 19 which are directly adjacent in the circumferential direction.
  • connection points 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 of the winding strands 70, 71, 72, 73, 74 are connected to a separate bridge rectifier 69, which is composed of five minus diodes 58 and five plus diodes 59.
  • a voltage regulator 66 is connected in parallel, which regulates the voltage of the generator by influencing the current through the exciter coil 29 via its output 66a.
  • the voltage regulator can also connect to the rectifier to measure the voltage drop across a diode and from this determine the current speed of the generator.
  • the vehicle electrical system is represented schematically by the onboard power supply battery 61 and by the onboard power supply consumer 62.
  • the excitation coil 29 by means of four power amplifiers, which are connected to an H-bridge circuit to control. This makes it possible to impress in the excitation coil 29 and negative excitation currents. This results in advantages in terms of the power control behavior of the generator or with respect to the control speed, since for fast de-energizing, negative voltages can also be applied to the exciter coil 29.
  • 3 shows the exploded view of a first embodiment of a hybrid-excited rotor 20. First, the individual components of the rotor 20 will be explained in more detail below, later will be discussed in more detail on the assembly.
  • the machine shaft 27 has at its one end a thread 36 for mounting a pulley. For fixing the pole core 31, or the pole plates 22, 23, a knurled region 37 is provided on the machine shaft 27.
  • the machine shaft 27 preferably has a stop 38, which secures the Polplati- nen 22,23 and the pole core 31 in the axial direction.
  • the machine shaft 27 further has axially extending grooves 38a in the area where the slip ring assembly 49 is later mounted. The grooves 38a serve to receive the connection conductors 29a between exciter coil 29 and slip ring assembly 49. The diameter of the machine shaft 27 in the region of the slip ring assembly 49 is reduced in this case.
  • the machine shaft 27 is at least partially hardened.
  • the electronics-side pole plate 23 has a cylindrical hole for receiving the machine shaft 27 in the axial center.
  • the transition point from the pole plate 23 to the rotor core 21 is stepped by means of a shoulder 39a, so that both an axial and a radial surface for the electrically excited field ,
  • the transfer surfaces have not only the function of Ü transmission of the electrically excited field, but also the function of the radial or axial fixation and centering of the rotor core 21th
  • the pole plate 23 shown here has two flux-conducting regions 39, which protrude radially from the cylindrical main body of the pole plate 23.
  • Each of the flux guide regions 39 shown here extends over three poles P of the twelve-pole rotor 20, wherein the two outer poles each form an electrically excited pole of the rotor 20, so that two outer flux conducting sections 39e of each flux conducting region 39 each have an electrically excited pole P. animals, by abutting the front end side of the rotor core 21 lamination.
  • a mean flux-conducting section 39m of the flux-guiding regions 39 lies in each case in the rich of a permanent magnetically excited pole P on the front side of the rotor laminated core 21 at a radially further inwardly located point where it does not directly contact the pole-forming radially magnetized permanent magnet 25. This avoids that the field of the pole-forming radially magnetized permanent magnet 25 is shorted by the Polplatinen 22, 23.
  • the electronics-side pole plate 23 has a further function with respect to the drive-side pole plate 22.
  • the terminals of the excitation coil 29 must be guided in the region of the gap in the circumferential direction between the two Flußleit Schemeen 39 and the rotor core 21 lamination.
  • additional embossments or grooves can be attached to the pole plate 23.
  • the balancing of the rotor 20 is preferably carried out by bores in the region of the axial outer surfaces of the Polplatinen 22,23.
  • the region of the radial or axial field transmission is preferably processed, i. overexcited.
  • the bottom 22b is radially below the shoulder 39a.
  • the exciting coil 29 is wound in the circumferential direction, so that at the radially inner portion of the axial end surface and at the opposite radially outer portion of the axial end surface of the exciting coil 29 are the beginning, or the end of the exciting coil 29.
  • the excitation coil 29 can be pre-wound in a bobbin, which consists of plastic or paper and produces an electrical insulation radially to the pole core 31 and axially to the pole plates 22,23.
  • the exciter coil 29 is also insulated radially in the direction of the rotor laminated core 21. This can be done by folding the plastic or paper insulation or by an additional insulating tape.
  • the excitation coil 29 is preferably connected by impregnation with the surrounding insulation.
  • the pole core 31 is provided with a cylindrical, axially extending hole 31a to receive the machine shaft 27 therein.
  • the annular rotor core 21 is laminated in the axial direction with a thickness between 0.1 mm and 2.0 mm. Below 0.1 mm, the resistance of the rotor core 21 against centrifugal forces is too low. Above 2.0 mm, the reduction of the eddy current losses on the outer surface of the rotor 20 is no longer sufficient, so that the permanent magnets 24, 25 installed in the rotor can be damaged or demagnetized.
  • the axial length of the rotor laminated core 21 corresponds to the axial length of the annular stator lamination 17, and is for a tolerance compensation up to. 2 mm longer than the annular stator lamination stack 17.
  • the rotor lamination stack 21 has axially extending grooves 32 on the outer surface, which separate the rotor poles P from one another. Furthermore, in the rotor laminated core 21 axial, tangentially aligned, about the Polumble correspondingly wide window 35 punched, in each of which a polreliendem radially magnetized permanent magnet 25 is used. Furthermore, axial, radially aligned windows 34 are punched out underneath pole-separating grooves 32 into which pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are used, which are magnetized tangentially. The rotor core 21 is held together by welds within the pole separating grooves 32.
  • the welds are spaced in the circumferential direction preferably two pole pitches 2pt, wherein the pole pitch pt is defined in the electrically excited state, ie at the maximum number of poles. It can be provided to increase the speed stability welds after each pole pitch pt. It can be used instead of welds and rivets, or knobs.
  • the rotor laminated core 21 shown here has a total of twelve poles, wherein four of the poles are formed by radially magnetized permanent magnets 25 and eight poles are electrically excited. Thereby, the machine can be switched by means of the excitation coil 29 of twelve outwardly acting poles on four outward poles.
  • the pole-separating tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 32 are inserted at the positions of the rotor core 21, at which the flux guide regions 39 of different polarity are located axially opposite each other. These can, in order to produce a low-cost variant also not be equipped. However, a leakage flux then forms in the window 34, which has a performance-reducing effect.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 preferably have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 preferably have a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • the Rotor laminated core is constructed so that in the circumferential direction in each case a permanently excited north pole, an electrically excited south pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet, an electrically excited north pole, a permanently excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole, a poltumbleder permanent magnet, an electrically excited south pole, a permanently excited north pole, an electrically excited
  • the assembly of the rotor 20 will be explained with reference to the exploded view of Figure 3.
  • the electronics-side pole board 23 is aligned and pressed onto the machine shaft 29.
  • the pole core 31 is pressed onto the machine shaft 27.
  • the excitation coil 29 is now either wound directly onto a coil carrier on the pole core 31 or mounted as a finished assembly on the pole core 31.
  • the rotor laminated core 21 is pushed with the equipped permanent magnets 24,25 on the electronics-side pole plate 23.
  • the permanent magnets 24, 25 are in this case e.g. fixed by resin or mechanical fuses.
  • the driving-side pole plate 22 is aligned and caulked on the machine shaft 27.
  • the fans 30, the electronics-side rolling bearing 28, and the slip ring assembly 49 are mounted.
  • the permanent magnets 24, 25 used are preferably made of rare earth magnet material NdFeB.
  • the permanent magnet material preferably has a neodymium Nd-mass percentage greater than 10%, a mass percentage iron Fe of greater than 40%, a mass percentage copper Cu less than 2% and a mass percentage titanium Ti less than 1%.
  • the Curie temperature of the permanent magnets is preferably above 200 0 C.
  • the remanence Bt is preferably above 1, 0 Tesla, the coercive force HcB is preferably above
  • Rotor outer diameter to the inner diameter of the annular rotor lamination packet 21 is between 1, 1 and 1, 25.
  • the rotor outer diameter to the outer diameter of the pole core 31 is preferably greater than 1, 5; in particular, the value is between 1, 6 and 2.2.
  • the Polkern know an axial length to the sum of the axial length of the Polplatinen 22,23 from 0.5 to 1, 5 on.
  • the excitation coil preferably has a resistance between 1, 4 and 3.0 ohms for a 14V design.
  • the pole core can also be integrally formed half on the axial inner surfaces of the Polplatinen. This has the advantage that then only an effective air gap between the Polplatinen in axial
  • the generator preferably has a pressure difference between the axial end surfaces of the rotor during operation, so that a cooling air flow is formed along the axially extending grooves 32 of the rotor lamination stack 21.
  • holes may be formed in the rotor core, which allow this cooling air flow.
  • FIG. 4b shows the state when the current direction in the excitation coil is reversed.
  • the number of poles of the rotor 20 can be reversed, in which by reversing the detectable in Figure 4a electrically excited field ⁇ e of the excitation coil 29, the polarity of the Polplatinen 22,23 and thus the electrically trained pole on the rotor circumference, which in Figure 4b by in brackets illustrated polarity is clarified.
  • the magnetic fields ⁇ m of the pole-forming permanent magnets shown in FIG. 4b close over the pole plates or over the pole core.
  • Permanent magnets 25 close on the rotor side within the rotor laminated core segment, consisting of the respective magnetically excited pole and the two adjacent electrically excited poles.
  • the stator winding 18 of the alternator 10 of Figure 1 by a change in the strength and direction of the excitation current Ie in the excitation coil 29 is preferably load- and temperature-dependent between a permissible maximum value and the value 0 can be regulated.
  • the time axis t of the excitation current Ie dependent course of the output voltage Ua of the machine 10 over half a revolution of the rotor 20 (180 ° mechanical) is shown.
  • the twelve-pole alternating current stator winding 18 consequently, half full revolutions of the rotor 20 result in three full periods.
  • the maximum output voltage Ua1 is generated in the stator winding 18 by means of the now twelve-pole rotor 20 at a predetermined load, with the respective electrical system battery 61 is to supply in the vehicle electrical system in a conventional manner via the bridge rectifier 69.
  • the output voltage Ua of the electric machine 10 is regulated down more or less depending on the DC voltage in the motor vehicle electrical system.
  • FIG. 6a shows a rolled-up section of the rotor 20 in plan view, in which the axial extent and the extent in the circumferential direction are seen.
  • the annular rotor core 21 is fixed. This results, due to the clamping forces, a deformation of the annular rotor laminated core 21 in the region of the end faces 21 a, 21 b, so that the rotor core 21 lays slightly meander around the flux-guiding regions 39 of the pole plates 22, 23.
  • the deflection of the annular rotor laminated core 21 with respect to the pole plate 22,23 must be greater than 0mm in the proposed system to allow tolerance compensation of the axial dimensions of Polkern 31 and Polplatinen 22,23.
  • the deflection s should not be greater than 2 mm, as this stresses the joints of the lamellae of the annular rotor lamination stack 21 and thus the speed resistance of the rotor 20 can no longer be guaranteed.
  • the annular rotor core 21 has an axial length Ie, the flux guide 39 of the Polplatinen each have an axial length of Ip.
  • the length of the rotor laminated core 21 should be in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 twice the length of the flux guide regions 39.
  • each flux conducting region 39 consisting of two electrically excited pole flux conducting sections 39e, between which a shorter flux conducting section 39m for a permanent magnetically excited pole is located ,
  • FIG. 6b shows the same segment of the rotor laminated core 21 from FIG. 6a, but in the front view and unwound over the circumference.
  • the annular rotor core 21 has axially extending grooves 32 at a pitch of a pole pitch pt. In these grooves 32, the annular rotor laminated core 21 is welded.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are shown, which have a width of bm1, which must be greater than 4mm here, so that the pole-separating permanent magnet 24 is not demagnetized in operation by the opposing field. But it should be less than a third of the pole pitch, so as not to reduce the pole face of the electrically excited poles.
  • Permanent magnet 24 has a height of hm1, which is between the height he of the annular rotor core 21 and the height of the polrelienden permanent magnet 25 hm2.
  • the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 have a width of b2max which should be between 0.8 and 1.2 times the pole pitch pt.
  • the grooves 32 radially above the pole-separating permanent magnet 24 have a depth of t1.
  • the grooves 32 laterally on the pole forming Permanent magnets 25 have a depth of t2, which should be between 1, 5 and 0.8 times t1.
  • FIG. 6c shows an alternative of the construction shown in FIG. 6b.
  • the running edge here has a width ba and a depth ta. It is advantageous if the width ba is between 0.05 and 0.7 of the pole pitch pt and the depth ta is between 0.01 and 0.1 of the height he of the rotor laminated core 21, wherein a depth of 2 mm should not be exceeded.
  • This chamfering of the poles makes sense for damping magnetic noises for every type of laminated rotor core 21, regardless of whether permanent magnets 24, 25 are used or not.
  • FIG. 7 shows an example of a method of producing annular stator lamination packages 17 with the grooves 19 and annular rotor lamination packages 21 with the windows 34, 35, wherein the annular stator lamination lamella 17 a is punched free around the annular rotor lamination lamination 21 d.
  • the waste is reduced to the sheet metal strip 17b used for it.
  • the annular rotor core has the same sheet thickness of the fins as the nikringförmi- ge stator core. It is also useful if the sheet material of the rotor laminations is identical.
  • FIG. 8 shows a side view of an annular rotor laminated core 21.
  • the rotor laminated core is produced from a lamella 40, which is rolled up in a spiral manner. The beginning of the lamella is marked accordingly with 40a and the end with 40b.
  • the waste of the sheet can be further reduced.
  • Beginning 40a and end 40b of the blade 40 are opposite to each other at the axial ends of the annular rotor laminated core, wherein the distance in the circumferential direction should not exceed a pole pitch. It is advantageous if an oxide layer or an insulating layer is located between the lamellae in order to reduce eddy currents on the outer circumference of the rotor 20.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the invention in a three-dimensional view.
  • annular rotor laminated core 21 are radially on the inner circumference arranged inside extending projections 41. These serve to achieve an accurate positioning of the parts and to increase the radial transfer surface of the magnetic flux from the Polplatinen 22, 23 by the pole plates 22,23, corresponding grooves 42 are provided in which the projections 41 engage. This can improve the magnetic circuit and thus increase the power output of the machine.
  • the projections 41 and grooves 42 in addition, the annular rotor core 21 is protected against rotation by a mechanical fixation between pole plate 22,23 and rotor laminated core 21 takes place.
  • Polplatinen 22, 23 are preferably produced by a hot forming process, for example by forging, so that even complicated geometries without or with little mechanical post-processing are possible.
  • Another measure to fix the annular rotor core 21 is to provide the pole plates 22,23 at the axial transfer surfaces with projections which engage in axial holes or depressions in the annular rotor core.
  • Machine shaft 27, excitation coil 29 and pole core 31 are identical to the corresponding parts of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • Each of the flux guide regions 39 shown here has only one flux guide section 39e. It extends in each case over a Poltei- ment of the twelve-pole rotor 20, wherein all Flußleit Schemee 39 of the Polplatine
  • Contact 23 in this example electrically energized poles.
  • the field transmission takes place at each flux guide region 39 in the radial direction and in the axial direction into the rotor laminated core 21.
  • the drive-side pole plate 22 is different in structure from the electronics side pole plate 23.
  • the drive-side pole plate 22 has three Flußleit Schemee 39, each extending over three pole pitches of the twelve-pole rotor 20, wherein the two outer Flußleitabitese 39e each have an electrically excited pole of the rotor 20 contact.
  • the respective center pole P of the rotor laminations 21 is contacted at a radially further inwardly located point below the pole-forming permanent magnet 25 of the central flux guide 39m. This avoids that the field of the pole-forming, radially magnetized permanent magnet 25 is short-circuited by the pole plate 22.
  • the annular rotor core 21 is preferably laminated in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 21 has axially extending grooves 32 on the outer surface, which separate the rotor poles P from each other. Furthermore, in the
  • Rotor laminated core 21 three axially aligned window 35 is provided, in each of which a polreliender, radially magnetized permanent magnet 25 is used. Furthermore, 35 axially aligned windows 34 are provided between the windows, are used in the pole-separating, tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 24.
  • the rotor core 21 is preferably by
  • the rotor laminated core 21 shown here has a total of twelve poles P, wherein three of the poles formed by permanent magnets 23 and ground nine poles electrically grounded. By means of the excitation coil 29, the rotor 20 can thus be switched from twelve outwardly acting poles to six outward poles.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are inserted.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 preferably have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 preferably have a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • Magnet flux from the pole plates 22, 23 to the rotor laminated core 21 is stepped, so that both axial and radial crossing surfaces for the electrically excited field are formed on the shoulders 39a.
  • FIG. 11a shows the pole sequence occurring on the circumference of the rotor 20, which results in the case of a field current Ie flowing through the field coil 29 in the second exemplary embodiment.
  • three pole-forming permanent magnets 25 are arranged on the rotor circumference, which cooperate with the same radial polarity with the field generated by the excitation coil 29. This results in energizing the exciter coil with an excitation current Ie on the rotor circumference twelve poles of alternating polarity.
  • the rotor 20 is constructed such that in the circumferential direction in each case a permanently excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited south pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited north pole, a permanently excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole , a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited south pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited north pole, a permanently excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited south pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited south pole, a pole-separating permanent magnet 24 and finally one electrically excited north pole follows.
  • FIG. 11 b shows the state when the current direction in the excitation coil is reversed.
  • the number of poles of the rotor 20 can be reversed, in which the polarity of the Polplatinen 22,23 and thus the electrically formed poles on the rotor circumference in each case by the reversal of the electrically excited in Fig. 1 a detectable FeI- ⁇ e of the exciter coil 29 replaced.
  • the fields ⁇ m of the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 indicated in FIG. 11b close over the pole plates 22, 23 or over the pole core 31.
  • the fields ⁇ m shown in FIG. 11a The pole-forming permanent magnets close within the rotor laminated core 21st
  • FIG. 12 shows the exploded view of a third exemplary embodiment of the hybrid-excited rotor 20.
  • Machine shaft 27, excitation coil 29 and pole core 31 are identical to the corresponding parts of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
  • the electronics-side pole plate 23 shown here has four flux-conducting regions
  • Each of the flux-conducting regions 39 shown here extends, each having a flux-conducting section 39e, over a pole pitch of the twelve-pole rotor 20, with all flux conducting regions 39 contacting electrically excited poles in this example.
  • the transfer point from the pole plate 23 to the rotor laminated core 21 is designed in a stepped manner, so that both an axial and a radial Ü bertresivity for the electrically excited field is formed on the shoulders 39 a. In this case, the transfer surfaces also serve for fixing and centering the rotor laminated core 21.
  • the drive-side pole plate 22 is identical in construction to the electronics side
  • Polplatine 23 it is rotated by 90 ° mechanically, in order to contact the electrically energized pole P of the rotor laminated core 21 not yet contacted by the electronics-side pole plate 23.
  • the annular rotor core 21 is preferably laminated in the axial direction.
  • the rotor core 21 has axially extending grooves 32 on the outer surface, which separate the rotor poles from each other.
  • four axially aligned windows 35 are provided in the rotor laminated core 21 in which at least one pole-forming, radially magnetized permanent magnet 25 is used.
  • there are four axially aligned windows 34 are provided in which pole-separating, tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 24 are used.
  • 25 further axially aligned windows 44 are punched out in the rotor core 21, in which soft magnetic iron cores 43 are inserted.
  • the axial transfer surfaces of the Polplatinen 22,23 contact directly in the These iron cores 43 improve the conduction of the electrically excited field within the axially laminated lamellae of the rotor lamination stack 21, whereby the power output can be improved.
  • the iron cores 43 are for this purpose preferably by a spring element 45, which is located at one of the axial contacting surface of the pole plate 22,23 opposite end of the rotor core 21 and exerts an axial force on the iron core 43 in the direction of contacting.
  • the spring element 45 can, for example, be designed as a projection in an axial end plate and be biased in accordance with the desired spring effect. This results in at least two different contours of the slats of the rotor core 21.
  • the spring elements 45 also within a fan 30 or baffle. Due to the spring elements 45, the iron cores 43 must be equipped by both axial ends of the rotor core 21. The use of iron can be imagined in all described embodiments. The field transmission takes place at each flux guide region 39 in the radial direction and in the axial direction into the rotor laminated core 21, or into the iron core 43.
  • the rotor laminated core 21 shown here has a total of twelve poles, wherein four of the poles formed by permanent magnets 23 and eight poles are electrically excited. This can be switched by means of the excitation coil 29 of twelve outwardly acting poles on four outward poles.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 32 are inserted at the positions of the rotor lamination stack 21, on which the flux guide regions 39 of different polarity are located axially opposite each other.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 preferably have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 preferably have a trapezoidal cross-section.
  • the transfer point from the pole plates 22, 23 to the rotor laminated core 21 is stepped, so that both axial and radial transfer surfaces for the electrically excited field are formed on the shoulders 39a.
  • pole-separating tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 24 are arranged on the rotor circumference four pole-forming radially magnetized permanent magnets 25 which cooperate with alternating radial polarity with the field generated by the excitation coil 29. This results in energizing the exciter coil with an excitation current Ie on the rotor circumference twelve poles of alternating polarity.
  • Fig. 13b shows the state when the current direction in the exciting coil is reversed.
  • the number of poles of the rotor 20 can be reversed, in which the polarity of the Polplatinen 22,23 and thus the electrically formed poles on the rotor circumference changes by reversing the detectable in Figure 13a electrically excited field ⁇ e of the excitation coil 29, which in Figure 13b by the in brackets illustrated polarity is clarified.
  • the magnetic fields ⁇ m of the poleleting permanent magnets 25 drawn in FIG. 13b close over the pole plates, or over the pole core.
  • the magnetic fields ⁇ m of the pole-forming permanent magnets 25 drawn in FIG. 13a close on the rotor side within the rotor laminated core segment, comprising the respective magnetically excited pole and the two adjacent electrically excited poles.
  • FIG. 13c shows a schematic representation of the development of the rotor from FIG. 12 with the electrical reversal from 12 to 4 poles.
  • the development extends only over a little more than 3 pole pairs, since the pole sequence then repeats over the remaining rotor circumference.
  • the radial extent of the parts is represented by the arrow R and the circumference by the arrow U.
  • the rear pole plate 22, including the rotor laminated core 21 and below the front pole plate 23 is shown.
  • the pole plates and the poles on the circumference of the rotor laminated core 21 have the respectively entered polarities, whereas the polarities recorded in brackets occur due to the electrical reversal to the smaller number of poles.
  • FIG. 13c shows a first basic shape of the poles which is repeated over the circumference of the rotor. It begins with a poltennenden permanent magnet 24, followed by an electrically excited north pole and a magnetically excited south pole, which then followed by a mirror image and opposite polarity poltennender permanent magnet 24, an electrically excited south pole, a magnetically excited north pole and an electrically excited south pole.
  • the flux-conducting regions 39 of the pole plates 22, 23 are also formed with a repeating basic shape, after which the electrically excited north poles with the iron cores 43 are contacted by the longer flux-conducting sections 39e of the rear pole plate 22 on the front side.
  • FIGS. 14 to 20 discuss further alternative solutions of the rotor 20 designed according to the invention in the schematic representation according to FIG. 13c.
  • the unwinding of the rotor takes place only over part of the circumference with a pole sequence which then repeats itself in its basic form over the remaining rotor circumference.
  • a corresponding repetition of the basic form in the arrangement of the electrically and permanently magnetically excited poles on the rotor circumference can be machines with larger or smaller PoI- numbers of the rotor 20 represent.
  • FIG. 14 shows a rotor 20 which can be reversed from 12 to 6 poles according to the embodiment from FIGS. 10 and 11 with the modification of the pole plates 22, 23 in such a way that the shorter flux conducting sections 39m have been omitted here. Consequently, only the flux-conducting sections 39e on the pole plates 22, 23 have stopped here.
  • the basic form in the arrangement of the electrically and permanently magnetically excited poles on the rotor circumference here consists of 4 poles. It starts with a pole-bearing permanent magnet 24, followed by an electrically excited north pole, a magnetically excited south pole and an electrically excited north pole, which is followed by a poltennender permanent magnet 24 and an electrically excited south pole.
  • the flux-conducting regions 39 of the pole plates 22, 23 are also formed with a repeating basic shape, whereupon the electrically excited north poles are at the front by a longer Flußleitabitesen 39e of the rear Polplatine 22 and the rotor core 21 radially below the magnetically excited south pole of an adjacent shorter Flußleitabites 39m are contacted frontally.
  • the flux-conducting sections 39e and 39m of the front pole plate 23 are formed and contacted with the rotor lamination packet 21.
  • the two Polplatinen 22, 23 are offset with their Flußleit Schemeen 39 by 2 poles each against each other.
  • FIG. 16 shows a rotor 20 which can be reversed from 12 to 4 poles according to FIG. 13 c, in which only the iron cores 43 inserted in the rotor core 21 are omitted.
  • the rotor has a basic shape consisting of six poles. It begins with a pole-bearing permanent magnet 24, followed by an electrically excited north pole, a magnetically excited south pole and an electrically excited north pole, which is then mirrored and of opposite polarity by a pole-moving permanent magnet 24 , an electrically excited south pole, a magnetically excited north pole and an electrically excited south pole.
  • a pole-bearing permanent magnet 24 an electrically excited south pole, a magnetically excited north pole and an electrically excited south pole.
  • a rotor 20 that can be reversed from 16 to 4 poles is one with eight
  • Trunétique existing basic form shown. It begins with a pole-bearing permanent magnet 24, followed by an electrically excited south pole, a magnetically excited north pole, an electrically excited south pole and a magnetically excited north pole, which is then mirrored and with opposite polarity a poltennender permanent magnet 24, a magnetically excited
  • the flux-conducting regions 39 of the pole plates 22, 23 are also formed with a repeating basic shape.
  • the flux-conducting regions 39 of the two pole-plates 22, 23 have, in addition to the second longer flux-conducting section 39e, additionally a shortened flux-conducting section 39m for the respective additional magnetically excited pole of the basic shape.
  • FIG. 18 shows a rotor 20 which can be reversed from 12 to 2 poles and has a basic shape consisting of twelve poles. It starts with a poltennenden permanent magnet 24, followed by an electrically excited north pole, a magnetically excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole, a magnetically excited south pole, an electrically excited north pole and a magnetically excited south pole, at which then a mirror image and with opposite polarity Poltennender permanent magnet 24, a magnetically excited north pole, an electrically excited south pole, etc. connects. Accordingly, the flux guide regions 39 of the pole plates 22, 23 are also formed with a basic shape. Compared with the embodiment according to FIG.
  • the flux-conducting regions 39 of the two pole-plates 22, 23 have, in addition to the second, shorter flux-conducting section 39m, a further longer and shorter flux-conducting section 39e and 39m for the respective additional magnetically and electrically excited pole
  • FIG. 19 shows a rotor 20 that can be reversed from 14 to 2 poles, in which, in comparison to the embodiment according to FIG. 17, instead of three now four electrically excited north poles alternate with three permanent magnetically excited south poles.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are thus arranged between two adjacent electrically excited poles of different polarity and not, as in FIG. 17, between two adjacent permanent-magnetic poles. Accordingly, in the region between two pole-separating permanent magnets 24 on the flux-conducting region 39 of the pole plate 22, three flux-conducting sections 39m are arranged between four longer flux-conducting sections 39e.
  • the Flußleit Scheme 39 of the front pole plate 23 is formed in the same way, but added to a corresponding pole sequence with opposite polarity.
  • FIG. 20 shows a rotor 20 which can be reversed from 16 to 2 poles and has a basic form consisting of 16 poles, in which, instead of three, four magnetically excited south poles alternate with four electrically excited north poles in comparison with the embodiment of FIG. Furthermore, the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are thus arranged between two adjacent magnetically excited poles of different polarity and not, as in FIG. 17, between two adjacent electrically excited poles. Correspondingly, in the area between two pole-separating permanent magnets 24 at the flux-conducting region 39 of the pole plate 22, four shorter flux-conducting sections 39 m are arranged next to four longer flux-conducting sections 39 e.
  • the shorter flux conducting sections 39m according to FIGS. 14 and 16 may be dispensed with in the pole plates.
  • the pole plates 22, 23 can also be provided on the flux-conducting regions 39 with a shoulder 39a, which then bears against the inside of the rotor laminated core 21 in each case. It can also be seen from FIGS. 15 to 17 and 18 to 20 that the distances from one pole-separating permanent magnet 24 to the next in each case increase by one pole over the circumference of the rotor laminated core 20, and the flux-conducting regions 39 of the two pole-plates 22, 23 accordingly increase a pole width.
  • the pole-separating permanent magnets 24 are arranged either between two electrically or between two magnetically excited poles.
  • This system is generally, that means also for the arrangement, not shown, of five poles between two pole-separating permanent magnet 24.
  • the excitation coil 29 can be divided into several coils if necessary.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine électrique (10) à excitation hybride, comprenant un stator fixe (16) portant un enroulement de stator (18), et un rotor (20) qui présente sur sa périphérie, dans un ordre prédéterminé, plusieurs pôles excités par des aimants permanents (25) et excités électriquement par une bobine excitatrice (29), le nombre de pôles étant réversible via l'intensité et le sens du courant d'excitation dans la bobine excitatrice. En vue d'obtenir une construction simple, robuste et d'un coût avantageux du rotor (20) à commutation de polarité, l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la bobine excitatrice (29) est réalisée sous la forme d'une bobine annulaire disposée autour de l'axe (x) de la machine.
PCT/EP2009/065090 2008-12-02 2009-11-13 Machine électrique à excitation hybride présentant un rotor à commutation de polarité Ceased WO2010063546A1 (fr)

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DE102008044276.3 2008-12-02
DE200810044276 DE102008044276A1 (de) 2008-12-02 2008-12-02 Hybriderregte elektrische Maschine mit polumschaltbarem Rotor

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WO2011151138A3 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2012-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Machine électrique générant moins de bruit
US10164494B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2018-12-25 Feaam Gmbh Electric machine
WO2020114539A1 (fr) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Machine électrique et son procédé de fonctionnement
CN111293804A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-16 常州威灵电机制造有限公司 转子组件、电机及压缩机
US11261425B2 (en) 2009-08-12 2022-03-01 Kyoto University Method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into neural precursor cells

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US20180358853A1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2018-12-13 Murat ATALAR Novel alternator producing high amounts of electricity with low cost
DE102017207940A1 (de) * 2017-05-11 2018-11-15 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rotor und elektrische Maschine
DE102018127127B4 (de) * 2018-10-30 2020-08-06 Feaam Gmbh Elektrische Maschine

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FR2784816A1 (fr) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-21 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante possedant un nouvel agencement d'excitation rotorique par aimants permanents
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FR2847087B1 (fr) 2002-08-14 2014-04-11 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante a double excitation autorisant un defluxage modulable
JP2006158147A (ja) 2004-12-01 2006-06-15 Denso Corp 車両用交流発電機
JP4706397B2 (ja) 2005-08-30 2011-06-22 株式会社デンソー 回転電機の回転子およびその製造方法

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EP0675586A1 (fr) * 1994-03-28 1995-10-04 Emerson Electric Co. Machine dynamo-électrique à aimant permanent avec flux magnétique contrôlé
FR2784816A1 (fr) * 1998-10-20 2000-04-21 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine electrique tournante possedant un nouvel agencement d'excitation rotorique par aimants permanents
FR2791485A1 (fr) * 1999-03-26 2000-09-29 Valeo Equip Electr Moteur Machine tournante comprenant des moyens d'excitation perfectionnes
WO2001042649A2 (fr) * 1999-12-03 2001-06-14 Ecoair Corp. Machine electrique sans balais hybride
US20030076000A1 (en) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Denso Corporation Rotary electric machine having cylindrical rotor with alternating magnetic poles thereon
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US11261425B2 (en) 2009-08-12 2022-03-01 Kyoto University Method for inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into neural precursor cells
WO2011151138A3 (fr) * 2010-05-31 2012-09-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Machine électrique générant moins de bruit
US10164494B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2018-12-25 Feaam Gmbh Electric machine
WO2020114539A1 (fr) * 2018-12-07 2020-06-11 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Machine électrique et son procédé de fonctionnement
CN111293804A (zh) * 2018-12-10 2020-06-16 常州威灵电机制造有限公司 转子组件、电机及压缩机

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