WO2009131118A1 - 排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物とその製造方法および排ガス浄化触媒用塗料とディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルタ - Google Patents
排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物とその製造方法および排ガス浄化触媒用塗料とディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルタ Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/944—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or carbon making use of oxidation catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/18—Arsenic, antimony or bismuth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/022—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
- F01N3/0222—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/04—Additives and treatments of the filtering material
- B01D2239/0471—Surface coating material
- B01D2239/0478—Surface coating material on a layer of the filter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1021—Platinum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1023—Palladium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/10—Noble metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/102—Platinum group metals
- B01D2255/1025—Rhodium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/206—Rare earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/207—Transition metals
- B01D2255/20715—Zirconium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2255/00—Catalysts
- B01D2255/20—Metals or compounds thereof
- B01D2255/209—Other metals
- B01D2255/2092—Aluminium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/404—Nitrogen oxides other than dinitrogen oxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
- B01D2258/012—Diesel engines and lean burn gasoline engines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2523/00—Constitutive chemical elements of heterogeneous catalysts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
- B01J35/613—10-100 m2/g
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
- F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification catalyst comprising a composite oxide suitable for burning PM (particulate matter) emitted from a diesel engine such as an automobile, a method for producing the same, and a paint for the catalyst using the same
- the present invention relates to a diesel exhaust gas purification filter in which
- particulates mainly composed of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and carbon (hereinafter also referred to as “PM”) are contained in the exhaust gas, which causes environmental pollution.
- PM nitrogen oxides
- PM carbon
- a diesel particulate filter (DPF) made of porous ceramic is installed in an exhaust gas flow path to trap PM.
- PM is accumulated in the DPF, the DPF can be regenerated to a state before the PM collection by removing the PM by burning the collected PM intermittently or continuously.
- a method of burning PM by forced heating from the outside such as an electric heater or a burner, installing an oxidation catalyst on the engine side of DPF, and converting NO contained in exhaust gas into NO 2 by the oxidation catalyst
- a method of burning PM by the oxidizing power of NO 2 is used.
- PM combustion catalyst for burning and removing PM trapped in DPF
- Pt of a catalyst metal is supported on alumina or the like having a high specific surface area.
- Pt has a low catalytic activity of burning PM at exhaust gas temperature level, it is considered difficult to burn PM continuously using the heat of the exhaust gas. That is, forced heating means from the outside is required. Further, Pt is expensive, which causes a problem of cost increase.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 disclose a mixture containing Ce and Bi or a transition metal element as an oxidation catalyst based on a composite oxide of ceria which does not contain a noble metal element such as Pt.
- a noble metal element such as Pt.
- complex oxides consisting only of Ce and Bi, or Ce and Bi and transition metal elements the melting point of Bi is low, and therefore, when exposed to high temperatures of about 800 ° C. for a long time, liberation of Bi occurs and the catalytic activity decreases. Do. For this reason, further improvement is desired regarding heat resistance.
- a composite oxide containing Ce and Bi is excellent in catalytic activity to lower the PM combustion initiation temperature.
- the catalyst activity decreases.
- the present invention has been made in view of the problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to provide a high specific surface area and heat resistance as compared with the conventional composite oxide containing Ce and Bi. It is an object of the present invention to provide a composite oxide for an exhaust gas purification catalyst which is excellent and has high resistance to S poisoning, a method for producing the same, a paint for an exhaust gas purification catalyst and a filter for diesel exhaust gas purification.
- an exhaust gas purification catalyst is composed of a composite oxide obtained by adding a predetermined element to Ce and Bi, and has completed the present invention.
- the composite oxide for exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention is Ce, Bi, R (wherein R is one or more of lanthanoids except La, Ce) and R '(where R' is group 3 or 4 or 13). Or a composite oxide for an exhaust gas purification catalyst composed of an element selected from group 14).
- the present invention also provides a paint containing the composite oxide for an exhaust gas purification catalyst, and a DPF in which the paint is applied to a porous filter.
- a complex oxide obtained by adding the above R and R 'elements to Ce, Bi has a high specific surface area, and can avoid sintering between particles even at high temperatures, and it is possible to prevent BET even when exposed to high temperatures. There is little decline. That is, since liberation of Bi can be suppressed even at a high temperature, there is an effect that a catalyst excellent in heat resistance can be obtained.
- the fact that the specific surface area is high and the change is small means that more S adsorption is possible, and it is possible to suppress the decrease in catalytic activity due to S poisoning.
- the fact that the decrease in the catalyst activity due to the heat resistance and the S poisoning is small leads to the advantage of the exhaust gas purification system itself that the catalyst can be used for a long time in the same state. Moreover, the advantage that the frequency
- the composite oxide for exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention is a composite oxide containing Ce, Bi and at least four elements of R and R ′.
- R is one or more elements of a lanthanoid except La and Ce
- R ′ is at least one or more elements selected from Group 3 or 4 or 13 or 14 groups.
- z it is preferable that 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.5. Outside this range, in the case of 0.4 ⁇ x, Bi does not enter the crystal lattice and the heat resistance is lowered. Also, in the case of 1.0 ⁇ y, 0.5 ⁇ z, heterophases may be generated and an activity derived from a complex oxide mainly composed of Ce atoms may not be obtained.
- Bi, R, or R ' which does not substitute Ce of a cerium oxide structure may exist as an impurity phase in complex oxide, and as long as the effect of the present invention is not inhibited, the existence of the impurity phase Is acceptable.
- the molar ratio of the complex oxide as a whole including Ce, Bi, R, or R ′ in the impurity phase may satisfy the above.
- the complex oxide of the present invention is a complex oxide based on Ce, Bi, the mechanism of catalytic activity that can burn PM from low temperature is considered in the conventional Ce-Bi complex oxide It is considered to be similar to the mechanism
- the cation in the composite oxide mainly composed of Ce atom causes an apparent valence change, and the Ce site is substituted by an atom whose ion radius is different from that of Ce, such as Bi, R, R ' It is thought that the active oxygen necessary for oxidation can be easily supplied from a relatively low temperature region by the state in which oxygen in the lattice is easily released out of the lattice due to the lattice distortion caused by this.
- the lattice strain due to substitution and the presence of R stabilize the presence of Bi atoms in the crystal lattice and bring about the effect of preventing the liberation of Bi.
- Bi exhibits an action of improving the catalytic activity in a low temperature range, that is, a action of reducing the combustion initiation temperature of PM.
- the mechanism is considered as described above. Even if the additive amount of Bi is relatively small, the catalytic activity in the low temperature range is improved. However, if the amount of addition of Bi is too high, the effect is not improved, but there is a risk that the catalyst substance may melt when exposed to high temperature.
- the melting point of the composite oxide is lowered by the addition of Bi having a low melting point.
- the propriety of the amount of addition of Bi can be known by the combustion start temperature of PM in a sample after being exposed to high temperature for a long time, and the change of the crystal structure. As examined based on such evaluations, it is preferable that the blending ratio of Bi in the composite oxide be in the range of 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.4 as described above. When x exceeds 0.4, the PM combustion start temperature of the sample after exposure to high temperature for a long time rises.
- Bi atoms are liberated from the fluorite structure to easily form heterophases such as Bi oxide or a composite oxide of Bi and an additive element, and contain an impurity phase in an amount that inhibits the effects of the present invention. May become a complex oxide.
- R one or more of lanthanoids except La and Ce
- R ′ groups 3, 4, 13 and 14 excluding lanthanoids and actinoids
- the present invention provides a novel composite oxide to which elements (elements of a species or more) are added. Even if the amount of R and R 'added is relatively small, an excellent heat resistance improvement effect can be obtained. Even if the addition amount of the third and fourth elements increases, the heat resistance improvement effect is generally maintained.
- the blending ratio of R may be in the range of 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.0 as described above. However, when the blending ratio of R increases, the combustion start temperature of PM tends to increase, so 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.5 is more preferable.
- R is composed of a lanthanoid except La and Ce.
- a lanthanoid having a fluorite type structure similar to that of cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) as an oxide By substituting a part of the Ce atoms with such an element, the fluorite structure can be easily maintained, and an exhaust gas purification catalyst with further improved heat resistance can be obtained.
- this type of element include Pr and Tb. It is desirable that one or two of Pr and Tb be contained as R, and it is more preferable that all of R be composed of one or two of Pr and Tb. Particularly, Pr is preferable in achieving a balance between the decrease in PM combustion start temperature and the improvement in heat resistance in a well-balanced manner.
- R ' is group 3 (Sc, Y), group 4 (Ti, Zr, Hf, Rf), group 13 (B, Al, Ga, In, Tl), group 14 (C, Si, Ge) excluding lanthanoids and actinoids , Sn, Pb) is composed of one or more elements.
- an element which has an effect of suppressing sintering of primary particles at the time of firing and is effective in increasing the specific surface area of the composite oxide is preferable.
- it is Zr, Al, Y, Si or the like.
- An increase in specific surface area leads to an increase in catalytic activity, which increases the tolerance for S poisoning. This is because the amount of sulfur required to cover the particle surface is increased.
- platinum group elements have the function of promoting the oxidation of fuel contained in exhaust gas and unburned components such as NO and CO. Further, the effect of further lowering the PM combustion start temperature can also be expected.
- platinum group elements Pt, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ru, Os
- Pt, Rh, and Pd are particularly effective in enhancing the catalytic efficiency.
- the platinum group element can be made to coexist, for example, in the form of being contained in the complex oxide of the present invention.
- the complex oxidation of the present invention is carried out by incorporating a platinum group element in a substance generally used as a catalyst support such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , SiO 2 and mixing the substance with the complex oxide of the present invention.
- platinum group elements can coexist.
- the amount of the platinum group element is, for example, the content of the platinum group element in the complex oxide of the present invention, or in the mixture of the complex oxide of the present invention and the catalyst support substance when the catalyst support substance is further mixed. It may be 0.05 to 5% by mass.
- heat resistance As a method of evaluating the heat resistance when the PM combustion catalyst receives a high temperature / long-term heat history, for example, a process of heating the complex oxide synthesized by calcination in the air at high temperature for a long time (hereinafter referred to as “heat resistance It is effective to view how much the catalytic activity for PM changes between immediately after being subjected to the treatment and after being subjected to the heat treatment and after being subjected to the heat treatment.
- the catalytic activity for PM can be evaluated, for example, by the PM combustion temperature described later.
- the composite oxide before being subjected to the above heat treatment is only subjected to a heat history of 800 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the difference between the PM burning temperature of the sample subjected to the heat treatment at 800 ° C. for 100 hours and the PM burning temperature of the sample before the heat treatment is given to the sample subjected to the heat history of 800 ° C. for 2 hours.
- the heat resistance index ⁇ T (° C.) is used.
- the low S poisoning rate means that the catalyst activity does not decrease for a long time even under a sulfur environment.
- the S degradation rate (SRd) the ratio of the catalyst activity (° C) after 5 hours of S poisoning to the catalyst activity (° C) immediately after the synthesis and 10 hours after S poisoning to the catalyst activity (° C) immediately after the synthesis
- SRd the average of the ratio of catalytic activity (° C) of
- the large S deterioration rate (SRd) means that the change rate by poisoning to the catalyst activity immediately after the synthesis is large.
- the S degradation rate (SRd) is expressed by equation (2) when it is expressed by the same variables as described above. ... (2)
- the inventors have synthesized the composite oxide of Ce, Bi, and composite oxides containing a third element and a fourth element at a temperature of 800 ° C. for 2 hours, and synthesized the oxide structure after the heat treatment, and the heat resistance.
- the relationship between the sex index ⁇ T, the S poisoning speed, and the S deterioration rate was investigated.
- the addition of the third element and the fourth element resulted in a high BET value immediately after synthesis, and a small change in the BET value after heat treatment, and the heat resistance index ⁇ T was accordingly small.
- the poisoning rate due to sulfur is also slow in S poisoning and that the S degradation rate can be reduced.
- the composite oxide to be the subject of the present invention can be suitably synthesized by a method of calcining a precipitated product obtained by a wet method.
- a water-soluble salt of Ce, a water-soluble salt of Bi, a water-soluble salt of R (for example, Pr), and a water-soluble salt of R '(for example, Al) are precipitated by a precipitant and oxidized by blowing in air.
- the precipitate is dried to form a "precursor", and the precursor is heat-treated to synthesize a composite oxide.
- precipitation is carried out in an aqueous solution in which a water-soluble salt of Ce (eg, nitrate), a water-soluble salt of Bi (eg, nitrate), a water-soluble salt of R (eg, nitrate), and a water-soluble salt of R '
- a water-soluble salt of Ce eg, nitrate
- Bi eg, nitrate
- R eg, nitrate
- R ' water-soluble salt of R '
- the upper limit of the ion concentration of Ce, Bi, R, R 'in the solution for forming a precipitate is determined by the solubility. However, if the concentration in the liquid is too high, reaction may not occur uniformly during stirring and may be uneven, and the load on the device may be excessive during stirring, which is not preferable.
- an alkali hydroxide and an alkali carbonate there is preferable to use any one or both of an alkali hydroxide and an alkali carbonate.
- sodium hydroxide or ammonia water as alkali hydroxide carbonated water such as carbonated water, carbon dioxide gas, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate as alkali carbonate, ammonia and the like, ammonia
- carbonated water such as carbonated water, carbon dioxide gas, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate as alkali carbonate, ammonia and the like
- ammonia It is preferable to use a mixture of water or ammonium water-soluble salts, or an ammonium carbonate compound having both functions, specifically, ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
- the salt solution contains urea and this salt solution is heated to decompose the urea to generate ammonia, thereby making the salt solution alkaline to obtain a precipitate.
- the pH of the solution when forming a precipitate should be controlled in the range of 6-11. If the pH is less than 6, it is not preferable because Bi, Ce, R and R 'may not be coprecipitated.
- compounds that can be hydrolyzed are prepared as a Ce compound, a Bi compound, an R compound, and an R 'compound, respectively, and these are added to water to hydrolyze, thereby forming a mixed sol, aggregation, and precipitation.
- the hydrolyzable compound for example, alkoxides of the respective metal elements and ⁇ -keto acid salts can be mentioned.
- the obtained precipitate is filtered, washed with water, and dried by vacuum drying, ventilation drying, etc., as a precursor.
- it can be made to dry-process as it is immediately after filtering, or it can be made to dry-process, after granulating to a predetermined shape.
- the precursor is heat-treated (calcined) at, for example, 400 to 1000 ° C., preferably 500 to 850 ° C., in the powder form or in a granulated state, to synthesize a target complex oxide.
- the atmosphere at the time of firing is not particularly limited as long as the composite oxide can be formed, and, for example, an atmosphere in air, nitrogen, argon, and a combination of these with water vapor can be used.
- a platinum group element is contained in the composite oxide of the present invention
- a method is employed in which the fired composite oxide is impregnated with a salt or complex containing a target amount of platinum group element, and then dried and fired. it can.
- a paint for an exhaust gas purification catalyst and a DPF using the same can be constructed using the complex oxide of the present invention as an exhaust gas purification catalyst.
- the paint for exhaust gas purification catalyst is a paint for the exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention and a solvent and an inorganic binder.
- a dispersant, a viscosity modifier, or a pH adjuster may be included.
- a polar solvent or a nonpolar solvent may be used.
- a solvent having a low boiling point is preferable for quick drying, but a water-based solvent may be used in consideration of handling. Specifically, water, isopropyl alcohol, terpineol, 2-octanol, butyl carbitol acetate and the like can be suitably used.
- the powder such as Al 2 O 3, TiO 2, SiO 2 is preferably used. Since the PM catalyst is exposed to high temperatures, materials exhibiting stable properties even at high temperatures are preferred.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the DPF.
- the DPF 1 has a tubular form in which the cross section viewed from the inlet side 10 has a honeycomb structure, and the material is made of porous ceramic.
- the inlet side (also referred to as “engine side”) 10 and the outlet side (also referred to as “air open side”) 11 do not have a direct through hole, and a porous ceramic is a filter.
- a porous ceramic is a filter.
- ceramic, cordierite, silicon carbide, aluminum titanate and the like are suitably used as the porous ceramic.
- the shape may be foam, mesh or plate.
- the composite oxide of the present invention may be located on the engine side 10 of the DPF. Since the catalyst is a PM catalyst, the PM combustion temperature can not be reduced unless it is on the engine side where PM accumulates.
- a platinum-based catalyst may be disposed on the air release side from the PM catalyst of the present invention.
- a multilayer catalyst structure in which a platinum-based catalyst layer and a PM catalyst layer of the present invention are separately applied to the wall surface 12 of the DPF on the engine side may be separately applied.
- the paint for exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention may be applied to the wall surface 12 on the engine side, and the paint for platinum-based catalyst may be applied to the wall surface 14 on the air release side.
- the PM catalyst 30 is disposed on the engine side
- the platinum-based catalyst 40 is disposed on the air release side.
- the platinum-based catalyst powder may be mixed with the paint for exhaust gas purification catalyst of the present invention and then applied.
- the platinum-based catalyst refers to a catalyst using a platinum group element.
- Example 1 Cerium nitrate hexahydrate as Ce source (Ce (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O), were prepared bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 5H 2 O) as a Bi source.
- a powder of rare earth oxide Pr oxide as an R source was dissolved in a concentrated nitric acid solution to prepare a nitric acid solution of R.
- aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (Al (NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O) as an R ′ source is prepared by mixing Ce, Bi, Pr, R ′ in a molar ratio of 0.50: 0.09: 0.39: 0. It mixed by the mixture ratio used as 01, and water was added so that the sum total of Ce, Bi, R, and R 'in mixed nitric acid solution might be 0.2 mol / L, and the raw material solution was obtained. The above raw material solution was added while stirring an aqueous solution of NaOH as a precipitant to obtain a precipitate of hydroxide. Thereafter, air was blown sufficiently in a high temperature of 70 ° C. or more to stabilize the hydroxide as an oxide.
- the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried at 125 ° C. for about 15 hours to obtain a dry powder.
- the obtained powder is called a precursor.
- this precursor was calcined at 800 ° C. for 2 hours in the air atmosphere to obtain a composite oxide containing Ce, Bi and Pr as main components.
- Example 2 Cerium nitrate hexahydrate as Ce source in the same manner as in Example 1 (Ce (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as Bi sources (Bi (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 5H 2 O) Prepared.
- a powder of rare earth oxide Pr oxide as an R source was dissolved in a concentrated nitric acid solution to prepare a nitric acid solution of R.
- Example 3 Cerium nitrate hexahydrate as Ce source in the same manner as in Example 1 (Ce (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 6H 2 O), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as Bi sources (Bi (NO 3) 3 ⁇ 5H 2 O) Prepared.
- a powder of rare earth oxide Pr oxide as an R source was dissolved in a concentrated nitric acid solution to prepare a nitric acid solution of R.
- a nitric acid solution of each of the above nitrates and R is mixed at a blending ratio such that the molar ratio of Ce, Bi, R is 0.5: 0.1: 0.4, and Ce, Bi, R in the mixed nitric acid solution
- Water was added to a total of 0.2 mol / L to obtain a raw material solution.
- an aqueous ammonium carbonate solution was added as a precipitant.
- the resulting precipitate was filtered, washed with water and dried at 125 ° C. for about 15 hours to obtain a dry powder.
- the obtained powder is called a precursor.
- this precursor was calcined at 800 ° C. for 2 hours in the air atmosphere to obtain a composite oxide containing Ce, Bi and Pr as main components.
- a nitric acid solution of each of the above nitrates and R is mixed at a blending ratio such that the molar ratio of Ce, Bi, R is 0.5: 0.1: 0.4, and Ce, Bi, R in the mixed nitric acid solution
- Water was added to a total of 0.2 mol / L to obtain a raw material solution. While stirring this solution, sodium hydroxide was added as a precipitant. Thereafter, under the same process and conditions as in Comparative Example 1, a composite oxide containing Ce, Bi and Pr as main components was obtained.
- the weight change curve (TG curve) and the differential thermal curve (DTA curve) are schematically shown in FIG.
- DTA curve the point at which the calorific value is maximum is taken as the PM combustion temperature. In the figure, the temperature is 50.
- ⁇ T was calculated from the difference between the PM combustion temperature (shown as 800 ° C. ⁇ 2 h) of the sample after heat treatment and the PM combustion temperature (shown as 800 ° C. ⁇ 100 h) before the heat treatment. This is called " ⁇ T heat resistance”.
- S poisoning speed (SV) was determined based on the equation (1).
- Table 1 shows the additive element molar ratio, the specific surface area, the PM combustion temperature, the S poisoning rate, and the S deterioration rate for the composite oxides of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- Comparative Example 2 is the same production method as the catalyst of the present invention, and is a sample without R ′.
- R ′ is Y
- Example 1 (R'is Al), and Example 3 (R'is Zr), even after heat treatment, respectively 38.4m 2 / g and 32.3m 2 / g Showed a BET of 30 m 2 / g or more.
- Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 have the same composition and show the difference between the precipitating agent whether it is ammonium carbonate (Comparative Example 1) or sodium hydroxide (Comparative Example 2). It is shown that it is preferable to use sodium hydroxide as an agent.
- Comparative Example 2 the influence of the S processing is shown with reference to the “ ⁇ T5H-S processing” and the “ ⁇ T10H-S processing”.
- Comparative Example 2 there is no data after 5 hours.
- Comparative Example 1 was 67 ° C.
- Examples 1 to 3 (19 ° C. to 29 ° C.) were all lower than 67 ° C.
- Examples 1 to 3 (42 ° C. to 71 ° C.) were lower than Comparative Example 1 (115 ° C.) and Comparative Example 2 (87 ° C.). That is, in Examples 1 to 3 where BET was large, deactivation due to poisoning was less likely to occur.
- the S poisoning rate represents the degree of loss of catalyst activity per hour in terms of combustion temperature. Therefore, receiving the above results, Examples 1 to 3 (4.9 ° C. to 6.0 ° C.) were lower than the results of the comparative example (8.7 ° C. and 12.4 ° C.).
- the S degradation rate is an index showing how much the degradation of the activity is with respect to the initial catalyst activity. This also reflects the above tendency, and Examples 1 to 3 (10 ° C. to 13 ° C.) were lower than the results of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 (28 ° C. and 24 ° C.).
- the present invention can be suitably used for an exhaust gas filter (DPF) of a diesel engine.
- DPF exhaust gas filter
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Abstract
Description
《複合酸化物の作製》
各実施例、比較例の複合酸化物を以下のようにして作製した。
〔実施例1〕
Ce源として硝酸セリウム六水和物(Ce(NO3)3・6H2O)、Bi源として硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。一方、R源として希土類酸化物Pr酸化物の粉末を濃硝酸溶液に溶解し、Rの硝酸溶液を用意した。
実施例1と同様にCe源として硝酸セリウム六水和物(Ce(NO3)3・6H2O)、Bi源として硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。一方、R源として希土類酸化物Pr酸化物の粉末を濃硝酸溶液に溶解し、Rの硝酸溶液を用意した。
実施例1と同様にCe源として硝酸セリウム六水和物(Ce(NO3)3・6H2O)、Bi源として硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。一方、R源として希土類酸化物Pr酸化物の粉末を濃硝酸溶液に溶解し、Rの硝酸溶液を用意した。
Ce源として硝酸セリウム六水和物(Ce(NO3)3・6H2O)、Bi源として硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。一方、R源として希土類酸化物Pr酸化物の粉末を濃硝酸溶液に溶解し、Rの硝酸溶液を用意した。
Ce源として硝酸セリウム六水和物(Ce(NO3)3・6H2O)、Bi源として硝酸ビスマス五水和物(Bi(NO3)3・5H2O)を用意した。一方、R源として希土類酸化物Pr酸化物の粉末を濃硝酸溶液に溶解し、Rの硝酸溶液を用意した。
得られた複合酸化物の耐熱性を評価するために、各複合酸化物の一部を、電気炉により空気中800℃で100時間にわたって熱処理(耐熱処理)した。
各実施例、比較例で得られた耐熱処理前の試料(800℃×2hと表示)、および上記耐熱処理後の試料(800℃×100hと表示)について、メノウ乳鉢で解粒し、粉末とした後、BET法により比表面積を求めた。測定はユアサイオニクス製の4ソーブUSを用いて行った。
各実施例、比較例で得られた試料、および上記耐熱処理後の試料について、カーボンブラックとの混合粉を作り、その中の一部を規定量分取した上、TG/DTA装置を用いてカーボンブラック燃焼温度を求めることによってPM燃焼開始温度を評価した。具体的には以下のようにした。
各実施例、比較例で得られた試料について、10Vol%の濃度のSO2ガスで流量500ml/minの環境に5時間と10時間放置させ被毒させた。その後それぞれの試料とカーボンブラックとの混合粉を作り、その中の一部を規定量分取した上、TG/DTA装置を用いてカーボンブラック燃焼温度を求めることによってPM燃焼温度を評価した。5時間被毒させた場合のPM燃焼温度と被毒前のPM燃焼温度との差を「ΔT5H-S処理」と呼び、10時間の場合を「ΔT10H-S処理」と呼ぶ。
(1)式に基づいてS被毒速度(SV)を求めた。
実施例1~3、比較例1~3の複合酸化物について、添加元素モル比、比表面積、PM燃焼温度、S被毒速度、S劣化率を表1に示す。
10 エンジン側
11 大気開放側
12 エンジン側壁面
14 大気開放側壁面
30 エンジン側壁面に塗布されたPM触媒
40 大気開放側壁面に塗布された白金系触媒
Claims (6)
- Ce、Bi、R(ただしRはLa、Ceを除くランタノイドの1種以上)およびR´(ただしR´はランタノイドとアクチノイドを除く3族、4族、13族から選ばれた1種以上の元素)で構成される排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物。
- 前記R´がAl、Zr、Yから選ばれた元素である請求項1に記載された排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物。
- 前記RはPrである請求項1または2のいずれかの請求項に記載された排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物。
- Ceの硝酸溶液と、Biの硝酸溶液と、前記Rの硝酸溶液と、前記R´の硝酸溶液を混合して混合液を得る工程と、
水酸化アルカリ及び/又は炭酸アルカリと前記混合液を合わせて沈殿物を得る工程を含む排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至3の何れかの請求項に記載された排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物を含む排ガス浄化触媒用塗料。
- 多孔質フィルタと、
前記多孔質フィルタ上に形成された、
請求項1乃至3の何れかの請求項に記載された排ガス浄化触媒用複合酸化物と、
無機バインダを含む排ガス浄化触媒層を有するディーゼル排ガス浄化用フィルタ。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| EP09735657.0A EP2269730B1 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-21 | Composite oxide for catalyst for exhaust gas purification, process for producing the same, catalyst for exhaust gas purification, and filter for diesel exhaust gas purification |
| CN2009801148889A CN102015097A (zh) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-21 | 废气净化催化剂用复合氧化物及其制造方法以及废气净化催化剂用涂料和柴油机废气净化用过滤器 |
| US12/935,701 US8304364B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 | 2009-04-21 | Complex oxide for exhaust gas purification catalyst, production method thereof, coating material for exhaust gas purification catalyst, and diesel exhaust gas purification filter |
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| JP2008112434 | 2008-04-23 | ||
| JP2008-112434 | 2008-04-23 |
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| EP (1) | EP2269730B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4416830B2 (ja) |
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| WO2012017718A1 (ja) | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-09 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 触媒組成物の製造方法、触媒組成物、これを用いたディーゼル・パティキュレート・フィルタおよび排ガス浄化システム |
| US9457256B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-10-04 | Nike, Inc. | Method and system for automated personal training that includes training programs |
| US9977874B2 (en) | 2011-11-07 | 2018-05-22 | Nike, Inc. | User interface for remote joint workout session |
| BR112013011083A2 (pt) | 2010-11-05 | 2016-08-23 | Nike International Ltd | processo e sistema para treinamento pessoal automatizado |
| US12334204B2 (en) | 2010-11-05 | 2025-06-17 | Nike, Inc. | User interface for remote joint workout session |
| RU2690852C2 (ru) | 2014-07-29 | 2019-06-06 | Трайбахер Индустри Аг | Композиции катализаторов без благородных металлов |
| CN107970911B (zh) * | 2017-12-01 | 2020-10-13 | 南京云高新型材料有限公司 | 一种环保节能高转化率稀土催化剂及其制备方法 |
| JP7358157B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-27 | 2023-10-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 複合酸化物触媒、多孔質複合体および複合酸化物触媒の製造方法 |
| US20230112861A1 (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2023-04-13 | Kyocera Corporation | Catalyst, honeycomb structure, and exhaust gas purifier |
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| EP2269730B1 (en) | 2018-04-18 |
| KR20110008083A (ko) | 2011-01-25 |
| EP2269730A1 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
| CN102015097A (zh) | 2011-04-13 |
| JP2009279581A (ja) | 2009-12-03 |
| US20110027135A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
| JP4416830B2 (ja) | 2010-02-17 |
| EP2269730A4 (en) | 2014-07-09 |
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| KR101574553B1 (ko) | 2015-12-04 |
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