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WO2009033599A1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner une pile à combustible - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner une pile à combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009033599A1
WO2009033599A1 PCT/EP2008/007216 EP2008007216W WO2009033599A1 WO 2009033599 A1 WO2009033599 A1 WO 2009033599A1 EP 2008007216 W EP2008007216 W EP 2008007216W WO 2009033599 A1 WO2009033599 A1 WO 2009033599A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
turbine
water
air flow
turbine wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2008/007216
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Siegfried Sumser
Manfred Stute
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
Daimler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Daimler AG filed Critical Daimler AG
Publication of WO2009033599A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009033599A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
    • H01M8/04171—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal using adsorbents, wicks or hydrophilic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/407—Combination of fuel cells with mechanical energy generators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fuel cell, in particular for use in a motor vehicle.
  • Fuel cells especially for use in motor vehicles, are usually vented in operation with an air flow from a compressor.
  • a required back pressure can be generated by a back pressure flap on the fuel cell.
  • a better way to generate the back pressure is the arrangement of a turbine in the emerging from the fuel cell air flow, by means of which a part of the drive energy for the compressor can be recovered.
  • the problem is that the air stream leaving the fuel cell is laden with water vapor and condensed water as the reaction product of the oxidation processes in the fuel cell and the condensed water droplets can lead to erosion of the blades of the turbine wheel.
  • the problem gets worse as the speed of the turbine increases.
  • the problem of water condensation in cold start phases is particularly great. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved method for operating a fuel cell.
  • an air flow is passed through the fuel cell and then fed to a turbine with at least one turbine wheel.
  • the air flow is withdrawn in a dehumidification area between the fuel cell and the turbine wheel water.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a turbine with a cutting direction perpendicular to a rotation axis, wherein an air ⁇ current in a dehumidifying area in front of a door ⁇ binenrad is rotated and a wall between the dehumidifying and a collection chamber is porous
  • 2 shows the turbine of Figure 1, in which a hygroscopic material is additionally arranged in the collecting space,
  • FIG. 3 shows a turbine similar to that shown in FIG. 1, in which the wall is provided with drip openings;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the turbine of Figure 1 with the cutting direction along the axis of rotation
  • FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell with a compressor and a turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a turbine 1 in which an air flow L is fed to a turbine wheel 2 which is provided with blades 3 and is rotatable about a rotation axis 4.
  • a dehumidifying region 5 upstream of the turbine wheel 2 in the airflow L is spirally shaped so that the airflow L is set in rotation.
  • Condensed water in the air stream for example from a fuel cell (not shown) upstream of the turbine 1 in the air flow L, settles on a wall 6 between the dehumidifying area 5 and a collecting space 7 due to inertia. While the wall 6 is formed of a porous material, an outer wall 8 of the collecting space 7 is designed gas-tight.
  • the Po ⁇ rosity of the wall 6 leads to a capillary action, whereby the water attached to the wall 6 is transported following a concentration gradient in the collecting space 7, from which it flows through a drain opening 9 of gravity g following.
  • the porosity of the wall 7 can be achieved by sintered materials with metallic and / or ceramic components.
  • the capillary action can be achieved by means of radially directed capillary channels. Ideally, these capillary channels are tubular with a very small diameter.
  • FIG. 2 shows the turbine 1 from FIG. 1, in which a hygroscopic material 10 is additionally arranged in the collecting space 7.
  • a moisture or a water vapor pressure in the collecting space 7 is reduced so that the concentration gradient increases in order to improve the water transport through the wall and / or to accelerate.
  • the hygroscopic material 10 may be a solid and / or fill the collecting space 7 partially or completely.
  • silica gel may be used as the hygroscopic material 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows a turbine 1 is shown in Figure 1 ge Service ⁇ th similar, in which the wall is not formed porous 6, but is provided with water-catching openings 11, passes through the water to the centrifugal force as following in the collecting space.
  • a hygroscopic material 10 may be arranged in the collecting space 7.
  • FIG 4 shows a sectional view of the turbine 1 of Figure 1 with the cutting direction along the rotational axis 4.
  • the turbine 1 is formed as a Axialschieberturbine with an adjustable Matri ⁇ ze 12, by means of which an effective amount of the spectacle ⁇ feln 3 or authoritative narrowest cross-sections in a turbine guide grid with a vane 13 can be adjusted.
  • the turbine wheel 2 is a roller wheel with a constant Diameter in the outer contour.
  • the water emerging from the drain opening 9 is fed to a collecting container, not shown.
  • the collecting space 7 is designed to be cold-insulating in relation to the dehumidifying area 5 in order to counteract the problem of condensation and, as a result, erosion on the blades 3 of the turbine wheel 2.
  • FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell 14 with a compressor 15 and a turbine 1.
  • the air flow L is generated by compression and supplied to the fuel cell 14.
  • the air flow L takes up water as a reaction product and is forwarded to the turbine 1 on.
  • water is removed from the air stream L, as described in FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the water is supplied to the sump 16 where it is maintained within a predetermined level of water level by a controlled discharge valve 17. Blowing gas or water vapor into an environment will generally not occur during normal operation in view of efficiency, whereby the increased pressure in the dehumidifying region 5 and in the collecting space 7 will differ only slightly.
  • the gas pressure is therefore used to effect a controlled partial draining of Sam ⁇ mel mattersers 16th
  • a Wär ⁇ exchanger 18 or a heater to the sump 16 is provided. Also, the collection chamber 7 may be heated.
  • the compressor 15 is driven by means of an electric motor 19.
  • the turbine 1 also contributes to the drive of the compressor 15.
  • the electric motor is fed via an inverter 20 with energy from the fuel cell 14.
  • a controller 21 is provided for controlling and / or regulating the fuel cell 14, the adjustable die 12, the heat exchanger 18 and the heater and the outlet valve.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour faire fonctionner une pile à combustible (14), selon lequel un flux d'air (L) est guidé à travers la pile à combustible (14), puis acheminé jusqu'à une turbine (1) pourvue d'au moins une roue de turbine (2), le flux d'air (L) étant déshydraté dans une zone de déshydratation (5) située entre la pile à combustible (14) et la roue de turbine (2).
PCT/EP2008/007216 2007-09-07 2008-09-04 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une pile à combustible Ceased WO2009033599A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007042785.0 2007-09-07
DE102007042785.0A DE102007042785B4 (de) 2007-09-07 2007-09-07 Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brennstoffzelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2009033599A1 true WO2009033599A1 (fr) 2009-03-19

Family

ID=39530967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2008/007216 Ceased WO2009033599A1 (fr) 2007-09-07 2008-09-04 Procédé pour faire fonctionner une pile à combustible

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102007042785B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009033599A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008050157A1 (de) 2008-08-23 2010-02-25 Daimler Ag Luftversorgungssystem für eine Brennstoffzelle
DE102010000816A1 (de) 2010-01-12 2011-07-14 Robert Bosch GmbH, 70469 Antriebssystem für ein Fahrzeug sowie Lader
DE102011108598A1 (de) 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Daimler Ag Brennstoffzellensystem
DE102020112183A1 (de) 2020-05-06 2021-11-11 Audi Aktiengesellschaft Verdichter mit integriertem Porenspeicher und Brennstoffzellensystem
AT526408A1 (de) * 2023-02-28 2024-01-15 Avl List Gmbh Turbinengehäuse für eine Turboladervorrichtung für ein Brennstoffzellensystem

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4622275A (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel cell power plant
DE4021097A1 (de) * 1990-07-02 1992-01-09 Siemens Ag Brennstoffzellen-kraftwerk
US20040118125A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-24 Potnis Shailesh Vijay Turbine inlet air-cooling system and method
US20050014045A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Rolf Schaller Thermal integration of pressurized fuel cell systems with expander
US20060134471A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2006-06-22 Renault S.A.S. Device for recuperating water in a power production unit comprising a fuel cell
EP1770811A2 (fr) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 JTEKT Corporation Système de pile à combustible avec compresseur et turbine couplés
DE102006050990A1 (de) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-03 General Electric Co. SOFC-Systeme zum Betrieb einer Pumpstation für flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4948335A (en) 1988-12-30 1990-08-14 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Turbine moisture removal system
JPH08200007A (ja) 1995-01-30 1996-08-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 蒸気タービンの湿分除去装置
US6955861B2 (en) 2002-02-27 2005-10-18 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Fuel cell system, and method of protecting a fuel cell from freezing
JP4221942B2 (ja) 2002-03-27 2009-02-12 日産自動車株式会社 燃料電池システム

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4622275A (en) * 1984-07-31 1986-11-11 Hitachi, Ltd. Fuel cell power plant
DE4021097A1 (de) * 1990-07-02 1992-01-09 Siemens Ag Brennstoffzellen-kraftwerk
US20060134471A1 (en) * 2002-10-10 2006-06-22 Renault S.A.S. Device for recuperating water in a power production unit comprising a fuel cell
US20040118125A1 (en) * 2002-12-19 2004-06-24 Potnis Shailesh Vijay Turbine inlet air-cooling system and method
US20050014045A1 (en) * 2003-07-17 2005-01-20 Rolf Schaller Thermal integration of pressurized fuel cell systems with expander
EP1770811A2 (fr) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-04 JTEKT Corporation Système de pile à combustible avec compresseur et turbine couplés
DE102006050990A1 (de) * 2005-10-28 2007-05-03 General Electric Co. SOFC-Systeme zum Betrieb einer Pumpstation für flüssigen oder gasförmigen Brennstoff

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007042785B4 (de) 2020-07-02
DE102007042785A1 (de) 2008-07-24

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