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WO2009014231A1 - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009014231A1
WO2009014231A1 PCT/JP2008/063466 JP2008063466W WO2009014231A1 WO 2009014231 A1 WO2009014231 A1 WO 2009014231A1 JP 2008063466 W JP2008063466 W JP 2008063466W WO 2009014231 A1 WO2009014231 A1 WO 2009014231A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polarizing plate
liquid crystal
plate
retardation
crystal display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2008/063466
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Bong Choon Kim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd
Publication of WO2009014231A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009014231A1/en
Priority to KR1020117003560A priority Critical patent/KR20110045007A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G02F1/133531—Polarisers characterised by the arrangement of polariser or analyser axes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
    • G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
    • G02F2413/08—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates with a particular optical axis orientation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more specifically, a polarizing plate disposed on the front and back of a liquid crystal cell even if the length of the long side of the screen is larger than the width of the manufacturing line of the polarizing plate in response to an increase in size.
  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that can be composed of one each. Background art
  • a large display device employs a so-called wide screen in which the ratio of the length of the long side to the short side is 16: 9. Table 1 summarizes the relationship between the length of the diagonal and the length of the long and short sides of the wide screen. table 1 .
  • the front and back polarizing plates of the liquid crystal cell are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other.
  • the horizontal (long side) direction of the screen is set to 0 °
  • the absorption axis of one polarizing plate is set to 0 °
  • the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is set to 90 °.
  • the angle on the screen is basically displayed as 0 ° on the right side of the long side when viewing the screen from the viewer side and as a positive (+) counterclockwise.
  • the raw material polyvinyl alcohol film is uniaxially stretched and its absorption axis is the flow direction (MD) of the roll film. Therefore, for example, if the width of a polarizing plate produced in the form of a roll film is 1,460 mm, the maximum size of the polarizing plate that can be taken from the mouthpiece film is zero absorption axis.
  • the polarizing plate of 2, 5 9 6 thigh X 1, 4 60 mm and the absorption axis of 90 ° are 1, 4 6 0 thigh X 8 2 1 thigh.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a large liquid crystal display device by arranging a plurality of polarizing plates.
  • the length of the long side and short side is 7 0 8 Since mraX 3 98 mm, only one polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 ° can be taken in the mouth width direction from the polarizing plate roll with a width of 1, 3 40 mm. ineffective. On the other hand, if the polarizing plate has an absorption axis of 0 °, three sheets can be taken in the width direction from a polarizing plate roll having a width of 1, 3 4 O IM. From this aspect of efficiency, polarizing plates with an absorption axis of 0 ° can be placed on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell. If it becomes, it becomes advantageous in cost.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses birefringence at a wavelength of 400 to 70 nm by orienting a cellulose acetate film having a degree of acetylation of 2.5 to 2.8. It is disclosed that a retardation plate having a larger ⁇ for longer wavelengths and a larger average refractive index for shorter wavelengths is used. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
  • Patent Document 3 discloses that a negative C plate is obtained by randomly orienting a rod-like compound on a substrate.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses that a positive C plate is disposed between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizer disposed on one side thereof. It is also described that a layer containing a calamitic liquid crystal compound aligned in a homeotropic molecular arrangement is used as the C plate.
  • Patent Document 1 When adding a plurality of polarizing plates as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that light wetting occurs at the joint portion, and it is technically necessary to manufacture such light leakage completely. It is extremely difficult. There is also a concern that light leakage will increase when the environment changes, such as temperature and humidity.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a crossed Nicol state similar to the case where the current absorption axis is arranged orthogonally even if a single polarizing plate having an absorption axis of approximately 0 ° is arranged on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell. Therefore, it is to provide a liquid crystal display device that can be further enlarged even if the polarizing plate produced by the current polarizing plate production facility is used.
  • the present inventors have found that a crossed dichroic state can be realized by arranging the wave plate at a slow axis angle of approximately 45 ° or approximately 1355 °, thereby completing the present invention. Therefore, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal is held between a pair of cell substrates, a first polarizing plate disposed outside one cell substrate, and a first polarizing plate disposed outside the other cell substrate.
  • An absorption axis of the first polarizing plate comprising two polarizing plates, and a first retardation plate disposed between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell and having an in-plane retardation value Ro of 20 Onm or more and 400 nm or less.
  • the second polarizing plate is arranged with an absorption axis within an angle of 0 ° ⁇ 10 °, and the second polarizing plate is positioned at an angle within 0 ° ⁇ 10 °.
  • the first retardation plate has a slow axis within ( ⁇ + 90 °) Z 2 ⁇ 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) 2 ⁇ 5 °
  • a liquid crystal display device arranged at an angle within is provided.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are arranged at an angle within ⁇ 10 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen.
  • the angle 0 from the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate to the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate is preferably within 0 ° ⁇ 5 °, more preferably within 0 ° ⁇ 1 °, especially 0 °. That is, it is most preferable that both absorption axes are substantially parallel.
  • the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are arranged so that the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate is almost parallel to the screen long side direction, and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about 813 mm) or more. It is advantageous to apply to a liquid crystal display device. In particular, even for an ultra-large liquid crystal display device with a diagonal length of 66 inches (approximately 1,676 rotations) or more, one front and back polarizing plates can be constructed.
  • the first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer in the visible light wavelength range.
  • the first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer in the visible light wavelength region, and the film thickness with respect to the retardation value Ro in the film plane
  • Directional phase difference value R th ratio R thZRo exceeds -0.5 + 0 It is also preferable that the composition is less than 5. More preferably, the phase difference ratio R th / Ro is more than 0.1 and less than +0.1.
  • At least one surface of the first retardation plate has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 to 1 O nm. It is also effective to arrange a second retardation plate having a thickness direction retardation value R th of ⁇ 10 O nm or more and 1 O nm or less or 10 thighs or more and 10 O nm or less.
  • a viewing angle compensation film for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode may be disposed between the first retardation plate and the liquid crystal cell or between the second polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. It is valid.
  • the light is incident from the backlight.
  • the polarization state of the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate is rotated 90 ° by the first retardation plate whose slow axis is set at 45 ° or 13 ° with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate.
  • it When it reaches the light output side polarizing plate, it is in a crossed Nicols state.
  • the first phase difference plate has a chromatic dispersion characteristic in which the in-plane retardation value Ro becomes a half wavelength over the wavelength range of visible light
  • the entire wavelength range of visible light is used.
  • a crossed Nicol state can be realized.
  • the second retardation plate is laminated on the first retardation plate, and the total retardation value is a half wavelength over the wavelength range of visible light at all azimuth angles and all polar angles. If a material exhibiting dispersion characteristics is adopted, a crossed Nicol state can be realized over the entire wavelength range of visible light.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a relationship between a basic layer configuration and an axial angle of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the relationship between the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, and the slow axis of the first retardation plate when viewed from the upper side of the screen (viewing side).
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of a layer configuration in which a second retardation plate is arranged and an axial angle.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a relation between an example of a layer configuration in which a viewing angle compensation film is arranged together with a second retardation plate and a shaft angle.
  • FIG. 5 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of Example 11-11, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.
  • FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle in Example 1-2
  • FIG. 6B is a simulation result of the configuration.
  • FIG. 7 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle in Comparative Example 1, and (B) is a simulation result for the configuration.
  • FIG. 8A is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle in Example 2, and FIG. 8B is a simulation result of the configuration.
  • FIG. 9 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration of Comparative Example 2 and the shaft angle, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.
  • FIG. 10 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle in Example 3, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.
  • FIG. 11 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration of Comparative Example 3 and the shaft angle, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration. Explanation of symbols
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the basic layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.
  • the layers are shown separated from each other, and the same display format is used for all the perspective views showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle that appear below.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 is disposed outside one cell substrate 11 constituting the liquid crystal cell 10
  • the second polarizing plate is disposed outside the other cell substrate 12. 3 Place 0.
  • the liquid crystal cell 10 has a structure in which a liquid crystal 13 is held between a pair of cell substrates 11 and 12 arranged in parallel.
  • a first retardation plate 40 having an in-plane retardation value Ro of 20 O nm or more and 40 O nm or less is disposed between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10.
  • the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20, the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30, and the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40 have a specific relationship. To.
  • Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20, the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30, and the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40. It is a top view shown in the state seen from the side. As shown in this figure, the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 have an angle 0 from the former absorption axis 25 to the latter absorption axis 35 within 0 ° ⁇ 10 °. Are arranged as follows. Here, the angle is displayed as positive (+) in the counterclockwise direction. In each polarizing plate, the direction perpendicular to the absorption axis in the plane is the transmission axis.
  • the angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 to the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40 The first phase difference plate 40 is arranged so that is within (0 + 90 °) Z2 ⁇ 5 ° or within (0 + 270 °) Z2 ⁇ 5 °.
  • the direction orthogonal to the slow axis in the plane is the fast axis.
  • a backlight is disposed outside one of the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30.
  • the angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate to the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate ⁇ , and the angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate to the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate are The display is based on the absorption axis 25 of the polarizing plate, and the display of these angles is an exception to the previously defined “when the screen is viewed from the viewing side, the right side in the long side direction is 0 °”. However, if the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate is arranged parallel to the long side direction of the screen, the value is displayed as 0 ° on the right side in the long side direction as described above.
  • the light transmitted through one polarizing plate A crossed Nicol state is realized by rotating the polarization state by 0 + 90 ° or 0-90 ° by the first phase plate 40.
  • the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 and the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30 are such that the angle 0 between them is 0 ° ⁇ 10 ° with respect to the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20.
  • the first retardation plate 40 disposed between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10 has a slow axis based on the absorption axis of the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 (0 + When 90 °) Z 2 soil is within 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) Z2 ⁇ 5 °, the polarized light transmitted through one polarizing plate passes through the first retardation plate 40. Rotated by approximately 0 + 90 ° or ⁇ -90 °, the polarized light in the crossed Nicols state with respect to the other polarizing plate reaches the other polarizing plate.
  • the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 and the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30 are within ⁇ 10 °, preferably within ⁇ 5 °, more preferably within 1 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen. And placed so that they are substantially parallel and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about It is advantageous to apply to a large-sized liquid crystal display device having a size of 813 mm) or more.
  • the in-plane retardation value Ro is in the range of 0 to 1 Onm, and the retardation value in the thickness direction
  • a second retardation plate having an Rth of ⁇ 10 Onm to 1 Onm or 1 Onm to 10 Onm can be disposed.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of the layer configuration of this embodiment and an axial angle.
  • the liquid crystal cell 10, the first polarizing plate 20, the second polarizing plate 30, and the first retardation plate 40 are the same as those in FIG.
  • the second retardation plate 50 is laminated on the liquid crystal cell 10 side of the first retardation plate 40. Since the in-plane retardation value Ro of the second retardation plate 50 is as small as 1 Onm or less, it is not necessary to determine the axial angle with the first retardation plate 40 in particular.
  • the retardation value Ro in the film plane and the retardation value Rth in the film thickness direction are as follows when the refractive index in the triaxial direction defined above is nx, ny and nz, and the thickness is d. Defined by equations (1) and (2).
  • the liquid crystal display device is arranged such that the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10 while arranging the absorption axes thereof to be substantially parallel.
  • the first retardation plate 40 which is a two-wavelength plate, at a predetermined axial angle, Although a crossed Nicol state is realized, a viewing angle compensation film for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode in the liquid crystal cell 10 can be provided. As a result, a large liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained.
  • Such a viewing angle compensation film can be disposed between the first retardation plate 40 and the liquid crystal cell 10 or between the second polarizing plate 30 and the liquid crystal cell 10.
  • a viewing angle compensation film can be arranged between both the first retardation plate 40 and the liquid crystal cell 10 and between the second polarizing plate 30 and the liquid crystal cell 10.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of a layer configuration of this embodiment and an axial angle.
  • the liquid crystal cell 10, the first polarizing plate 20, the second polarizing plate 30, and the first retardation plate 40 are the same as those in FIG. 1, and in this example, they are shown in FIG.
  • the second retardation plate 50 is also shown in a state where it is arranged, a duplicate description of each is omitted.
  • a second retardation plate 50 similar to that shown in FIG. 3 is provided on the liquid crystal cell 10 side of the first retardation plate 40, and a viewing angle compensation film 60 is provided on the liquid crystal cell side.
  • the liquid crystal cell 10 has a structure in which the liquid crystal 13 is sandwiched between a pair of cell substrates 11 and 12 arranged in parallel.
  • the liquid crystal cell has various display formats such as TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, and IPS (In-plane Switching) mode.
  • TN Transmission Nematic
  • VA Very Alignment
  • IPS In-plane Switching
  • the present invention can be applied to various types of liquid crystal cells in which display / non-display is switched between a state where the polarized light is rotated 90 ° and a state where the polarized light is not rotated by turning on / off the voltage.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 each absorb linearly polarized light having a vibration vector parallel to a certain direction (absorption axis) in the plane out of the polarized light incident on the film surface.
  • Linearly polarized light with a vibration vector parallel to the direction perpendicular to it (transmission axis) It is a film which shows the property to permeate.
  • a known polarizing film in which a dichroic dye composed of iodine or a dichroic organic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol resin film can be used.
  • a polarizing film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on such a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film is usually used as a polarizing plate in a state where a protective film made of a transparent polymer is bonded to one side or both sides.
  • the first retardation plate 40 is used for the purpose of rotating the polarization state of the light transmitted through one polarizing plate by 90 ° and realizing a crossed Nicol state when reaching the other polarizing plate.
  • the first retardation plate 40 is a 1Z2 wavelength plate having a front phase difference value Ro of 20 Onm or more and 40 Onm or less.
  • the slow axis 45 is based on the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 with respect to the angle 0 formed by the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate (0 + 90 °) Located within an angle of 2 ⁇ 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) / 2 ⁇ 5 °.
  • the first phase difference plate 40 is preferably configured to have a wavelength dispersion characteristic such that a shorter wavelength has a smaller phase difference and a longer wavelength has a larger phase difference in the visible light wavelength region. More preferably, it exhibits a wavelength dispersion characteristic of ⁇ 2 over the wavelength range of visible light.
  • the first retardation plate 40 is also composed of a uniaxial film satisfying the relationship of nx> ny ⁇ nz, where ⁇ and ny are the in-plane main refractive indexes defined above and nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction. can do.
  • the first retardation plate 40 In order to improve light leakage and color change in the oblique direction, it is also effective to configure the first retardation plate 40 with a thickness direction retardation value Rth of -5 Onm or more and +50 ⁇ or less. It is. Further preferred thickness direction retardation value Rth is 1 1 Onm or more + 1
  • the first phase difference plate 40 various known 1-wave 2 wavelength plates made of a polymer film can be used.
  • the first retardation plate 40 is preferably made of a material having a wavelength dispersion characteristic such that the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer.
  • the second retardation plate 50 has an in-plane retardation value Ro in the range of 0 to 101, and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of ⁇ 10 O nm or more and 1 O Less than or less than 10 nm and less than or equal to 10 O nm, with in-plane refractive indices nx and ny approximately the same, and with a refractive index nz in the thickness direction greater or smaller than the in-plane refractive index It is.
  • a retardation plate having such a refractive index structure is generally called a C plate, and a positive C plate or a negative C plate can be selected according to a target retardation value.
  • the negative C plate satisfies the relationship nx ny> nz.
  • a rod-shaped compound such as disclosed in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-94208) is randomly homogenized.
  • a film prepared by immobilizing in the aligned state can be used.
  • the positive C plate satisfies the relationship of nxny and nz.
  • Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-108552
  • a force laminar oriented in a homeotropic molecular arrangement is used.
  • a film made of a solidified layer or a cured layer of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound can be used.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 can be constituted by a transparent protective film laminated on one side or both sides of a polarizing film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol resin film.
  • the first retardation plate 40 can be composed of a polymer birefringent film, but the first polarizing plate 20 is composed of a protective film laminated on one side of the polarizing film as described above.
  • the first phase on the polarizing film surface By laminating the difference plate 40, the overall thickness can be reduced.
  • the second retardation plate 50 as shown in FIG.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 is formed by laminating a protective film on one side of the polarizing film, and the first polarizing plate 20 is provided on the polarizing film side.
  • a viewing angle compensation film 60 for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode in the liquid crystal cell 10 can be disposed.
  • a laminated film of a negative C plate and a negative A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60.
  • a laminated film of a negative C plate and a positive A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60.
  • a laminated film of a positive C plate and a negative A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60.
  • a three-dimensional retardation plate satisfying the relationship of nx>nz> ny, in which the refractive index nz in the film thickness direction is larger than one of the main refractive indices in the film plane and smaller than the other, ie, viewing angle compensation It can also be used as a film 60.
  • the laminated film of the 3D retardation plate and the negative C plate can be used as a viewing angle compensation film 60.
  • the laminated film of the positive C plate and the biaxial negative A plate can be used. It can also be used as a viewing angle compensation film 60.
  • FIG. 5 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate and the axial angle, which are the subject of this example.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged so that the respective absorption axes 25 and 35 are 0 °, and the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the phase difference, and the longer the wavelength.
  • the configuration was arranged so that the axis 45 was 45 °.
  • the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of one polarizing plate is calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth angle and polar angle on the light exit side are changed is shown in Fig. 5 (B).
  • the azimuth angle is the angle when the right direction of the screen is 0 ° and the counterclockwise direction is positive, and in Fig. 5 (B), from 0.0 ° to the outside of the circle. It is displayed every 90 ° from the beginning.
  • the polar angle is the angle that represents the inclination from the normal direction of the screen.
  • the polar angle is shown as a concentric circle, and the outermost concentric circle corresponds to the polar angle “80 °”.
  • the polar angle in the concentric circles displayed as going inward decreases by 20 °, and the central point corresponds to the normal direction, that is, the polar angle is 0 °.
  • the legend displayed in the upper right is the gray scale of the transmittance.
  • the black part (lower side of the legend) means 0 transmittance
  • the white part (upper side of the legend) means transmittance 0.001. Therefore, the white part in the figure means that the transmittance is 0.001 or more.
  • the figure showing the transmission simulation results shown below is also displayed in the same format.
  • Fig. 6 (A) shows the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and retardation plate and the axial angle. Is shown in a perspective view.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged so that their absorption axes 25 and 35 are 0 °, and the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the phase difference.
  • the first retardation plate 40 has reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics in which the phase difference increases as the wavelength increases, the in-plane retardation value R o is 2 95 nm, and the thickness direction retardation value R th is 0.
  • the slow axis 45 is 45 °, and the in-plane retardation value Ro is 0 between the first retardation plate 40 and the second polarizing plate 30.
  • a configuration in which a second retardation plate 50 having a direction retardation value R th of ⁇ 1 O nm was disposed was targeted.
  • the transmittance when light was applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 was calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth angle and polar angle on the light exit side were changed is shown in Fig. 6 (B ) Pointing out toungue.
  • FIG. 7 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate and the axial angle, which are the subject of this example.
  • a conventional configuration in which the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 20 is 90 ° and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate 30 is 0 ° was used.
  • the transmittance when light was applied from the outside of one polarizing plate was calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth and polar angles on the light exit side were changed is shown in Fig. 7 (B). It was shown to.
  • a 12-wave plate is placed between them with a slow axis of 45 °
  • Comparative Example 1 in which the two polarizing plates are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, a crossed Nicol state is realized.
  • Example 1 1-1 and Example 1-2 could obtain the same polarization state as Comparative Example 1 in all directions even though the absorption axes of the polarizing plates were parallel. .
  • the in-plane retardation value Ro is almost 0 and the thickness direction retardation value Rth is on one side of the first retardation plate 40.
  • the second retardation plate showing a predetermined value, It was found that the result is closer to the result of the conventional configuration shown in Comparative Example 1.
  • a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 0 ° is arranged instead of a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 °, and the first retardation plate is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
  • the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is shown in a perspective view in FIG. That is, in this example, the viewing angle compensation film 60 Z, the second retardation plate 50, the first retardation plate 40, and the first polarizing plate 20 are arranged in this order on one side of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 15.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 61 / second polarizing plate 30 were arranged in this order.
  • the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 were arranged with their respective absorption axes 25 and 35 at 0 °.
  • the first retardation plate 40 has a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is greater as the wavelength is longer.
  • the in-plane retardation value Ro is 2 95 nm,
  • the phase difference value R th was 0, and the slow axis 45 was set to 45 °.
  • the second retardation plate 50 arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the first retardation plate 40 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 and a thickness direction retardation value R th of ⁇ 1 O nm. is there.
  • the viewing angle compensation films 6 0 and 6 1 each have an in-plane retardation value Ro of 55 nm, a thickness direction retardation value R th of 120 nm, and an average refractive index of 1.5 3 2 It consists of an axial positive A-plate.
  • the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed.
  • the calculated transmittance is shown in Fig. 8 (B).
  • Example 2 Liquid crystal display device targeted in this example The relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle is as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9A, and this configuration is basically the same as the currently sold VA mode liquid crystal panel.
  • the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed.
  • the transmittance calculation results are shown in Fig. 9 (B).
  • the configuration of Example 2 was found to exhibit the same level of optical characteristics as the configuration of Comparative Example 2.
  • a polarizing plate having an absorption axis of 0 ° is arranged instead of a polarizing plate having an absorption axis of 90 °, and the first retardation plate is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate.
  • a simulation was performed on the configuration.
  • the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is shown in a perspective view in FIG.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 60 / second retardation plate 50 / Z first retardation plate 40 / first polarizing plate 2 is placed on the IPS mode liquid crystal cell 16 side.
  • the second polarizing plate 30 was disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal cell 16.
  • the first retardation plate 40 has a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is greater as the wavelength is longer.
  • the in-plane retardation value Ro is 2 95 nm
  • the phase difference value R th was 0, and the slow axis 45 was set to 45 °.
  • the second retardation plate 50 disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the first retardation plate 40 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 and a thickness direction retardation value R th of ⁇ 1 0. Is.
  • the viewing angle compensation film 60 arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the second retardation plate 50 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 187.2 nm and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of ⁇ . It consists of a film with an average refractive index of 1.59 at 36 nm.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 20 is changed to 90 °, and the first and second retardation plates 40 and 50 are changed.
  • the other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG. 10A (Example 3).
  • the relationship between the layer structure and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is as shown in the perspective view in FIG. 11 (A). This structure is based on the IPS mode liquid crystal panel currently sold. Is basically the same.
  • Example 3 the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed.
  • the calculated transmittance is shown in Fig. 11 (B).
  • the configuration of Example 3 was found to exhibit the same level of optical characteristics as the configuration of Comparative Example 3.
  • the results of Example 2 and Example 3 indicate that the configuration of the present invention is applicable to various display modes regardless of the liquid crystal display mode. Industrial applicability
  • a polarizing plate made of a single sheet and having an absorption axis of approximately 0 ° is disposed on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell, so that the polarizing plate produced by the current polarizing plate production facility can be used.
  • a large liquid crystal display device can be formed. Specifically, in the conventional method using polarizing plates with absorption axes of 0 ° and 90 °, the length of the diagonal line is obtained when the width of the polarizing plate production line is 1,460 mm. While liquid crystal display devices of up to 65 inches (about 1, 65 51 mm) can be manufactured, according to the present invention, up to 1 17 inches (about 2, 9 72 mm) ).

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Abstract

Provided is a liquid crystal display device, which can manifest a cross-nicols state like that of the case of orthogonal absorption axes even if one polarizing plate having an absorption axis substantially parallel to the longer sides is arranged on the front and back of a liquid crystal cell and which can be enlarged in size even if the polarizing plate produced by the existing polarizing plate producing facilities is used. The liquid crystal display device is constituted such that a first polarizing plate (20) and a second polarizing plate (30) are so arranged on one side and the other side of a liquid crystal cell (10) that their individual absorption axes (25 and 35) are substantially parallel to the longer axis direction of the screen, and such that a first phase difference plate (40) (or one half wavelength plate) having an in-plane phase difference value of 200 nm to 400 nm is arranged to have its lagging axis (45) substantially at 45 degrees or 135 degrees with respect to the absorption axes (25 and 35) of the polarizing plate. The cross-nicols state can be realized when the linear polarization light having passed through one polarizing plate reaches another polarizing plate through the first phase difference plate (40).

Description

明細書  Specification

液晶表示装置 技術分野  Liquid crystal display technology

本発明は、 液晶表示装置に関し、 詳しくは、 大型化に対応して、 画面長辺の長 さが偏光板の製造ラインの幅より大きくなつても、 液晶セルの表裏に配置される 偏光板をそれぞれ 1枚もので構成できるようにした液晶表示装置に関するもので ある。 背景技術  The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more specifically, a polarizing plate disposed on the front and back of a liquid crystal cell even if the length of the long side of the screen is larger than the width of the manufacturing line of the polarizing plate in response to an increase in size. The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device that can be composed of one each. Background art

近年、 液晶表示装置の大型化が急速に進んでおり、 このまま大型化が進んでい くと、 偏光板製造設備の対応が追いつかなくなることが予想される。 コスト削減 の要求も高まっている中、 製造設備の増設や新設はある程度中長期的なものとな るため、 現行設備での大型化への対応が望まれている。 大型の表示装置では、 長 辺と短辺の長さの比が 1 6対 9であるいわゆるワイド画面が採用されている。 か かるワイド画面における対角の長さと画面長辺及び短辺の長さの関係を表 1にま とめた。 表 1 .  In recent years, the increase in size of liquid crystal display devices has progressed rapidly. If the size of the liquid crystal display device continues to increase, it is expected that the polarizing plate manufacturing facility will not be able to keep up. While demands for cost reduction are increasing, the expansion of production facilities and new construction will be somewhat medium- to long-term, so it is desirable to respond to the increase in size of existing facilities. A large display device employs a so-called wide screen in which the ratio of the length of the long side to the short side is 16: 9. Table 1 summarizes the relationship between the length of the diagonal and the length of the long and short sides of the wide screen. table 1 .

画面サイズと縦横長さ Screen size and length and width

対角の長さ 長辺 短辺  Diagonal length Long side Short side

2 6インチ o 7 6 mm 3 2 4 mm  2 6 inches o 7 6 mm 3 2 4 mm

3 2インチ 7 0 8 ram 3 9 8 mm  3 2 inches 7 0 8 ram 3 9 8 mm

4 2インチ 9 3 O mm 5 2 3 mm  4 2 inches 9 3 O mm 5 2 3 mm

4 6インチ 1 , 0 1 8 mm 5 7 3 mm  4 6 inch 1, 0 1 8 mm 5 7 3 mm

5 2インチ 1 , 1 5 1 mm 6 4 8 ram  5 2 inches 1, 1 5 1 mm 6 4 8 ram

6 2インチ 1 , 3 7 3議 7 7 2 mm  6 2 inches 1, 3 7 3 resolution 7 7 2 mm

6 6インチ 1， 4 D 1 mm 8 2 2 mm  6 6 inches 1, 4 D 1 mm 8 2 2 mm

7 2ィンチ 1， 5 9 4画 8 9 7 ram  7 2-inch 1, 5 9 4 strokes 8 9 7 ram

1 0 2インチ 2 , 2 5 8 ram 1 , 2 7 O mm 現在、 多くの大型液晶表示装置において、 液晶セルの表裏偏光板は、 吸収軸が 直交するように配置されている。 具体的には、 画面の横 （長辺） 方向を 0 ° とし て、 一方の偏光板の吸収軸が 0 ° 、 他方の偏光板の吸収軸が 9 0 ° となるように 配置されている。 以下、 特にことわらないかぎり、 画面上の角度は、 画面を視認 側から見たときに、 長辺方向右側を 0 ° とし、 反時計回りを正 （+ ) として表示 することを基本とする。 100 inches 2, 2 5 8 ram 1, 2 7 O mm Currently, in many large liquid crystal display devices, the front and back polarizing plates of the liquid crystal cell are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other. Specifically, the horizontal (long side) direction of the screen is set to 0 °, and the absorption axis of one polarizing plate is set to 0 ° and the absorption axis of the other polarizing plate is set to 90 °. Hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, the angle on the screen is basically displayed as 0 ° on the right side of the long side when viewing the screen from the viewer side and as a positive (+) counterclockwise.

さて、 偏光板の生産において、 原料であるポリビニルアルコ一ルフィルムは縦 一軸延伸され、 その吸収軸はロールフィルムの流れ方向 （MD) となる。 そのた め、 例えばロールフィルムの形で生産される偏光板の幅が 1， 4 6 0 mm の場合、 その口一ルフィルムから取ることができる偏光板の最大サイズは、 吸収軸が 0。 の偏光板で 2， 5 9 6腿 X 1 , 4 6 0 mm、 吸収軸が 9 0 ° の偏光板で 1， 4 6 0腿 X 8 2 1腿となる。 したがって、 対角の長さが 6 6インチ （1 4 6 I mmX 8 2 2 mm) 以上の液晶表示装置に用いる表裏の偏光板をそれぞれ 1枚もので生産するこ とはできない。 このようなことから、 吸収軸が 9 0 ° で短辺長さが 8 2 1讓を超 えるサイズの偏光板を取るためには、 偏光板生産設備を大型化するか、 あるいは 少なくとも一方の偏光板は複数枚を面内で継ぎ足して使うことが必要となる。 偏 光板ロールの幅が 1 , 3 4 0 mm の場合には、 それから取ることができる偏光板の 最大サイズはさらに小さくなる。  Now, in the production of polarizing plates, the raw material polyvinyl alcohol film is uniaxially stretched and its absorption axis is the flow direction (MD) of the roll film. Therefore, for example, if the width of a polarizing plate produced in the form of a roll film is 1,460 mm, the maximum size of the polarizing plate that can be taken from the mouthpiece film is zero absorption axis. The polarizing plate of 2, 5 9 6 thigh X 1, 4 60 mm and the absorption axis of 90 ° are 1, 4 6 0 thigh X 8 2 1 thigh. Therefore, it is not possible to produce a single front and back polarizing plate for a liquid crystal display device with a diagonal length of 66 inches (14 6 I mm X 8 2 2 mm) or more. For this reason, in order to obtain a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 ° and a short side length of more than 8 2 1 mm, the polarizing plate production facility must be enlarged, or at least one of the polarized light It is necessary to use a plurality of plates in a plane. If the width of the polarizing plate roll is 1,340 mm, the maximum size of the polarizing plate that can be taken from it is further reduced.

そこで、 例えば、 特開 2004-93825 号公報 （特許文献 1 ) には、 複数枚の偏光 板を継ぎ足して配置することで、 大型の液晶表示装置とすることが提案されてい る。  Thus, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-93825 (Patent Document 1) proposes a large liquid crystal display device by arranging a plurality of polarizing plates.

また、長辺と短辺の長さの比が 1 6対 9で対角長さが 3 2インチ（約 8 1 3 mm) の場合には、 長辺と短辺の長さは 7 0 8 mraX 3 9 8 mmとなるので、 幅が 1 , 3 4 0醒の偏光板ロールからは、吸収軸が 9 0 ° の偏光板を口一ル幅方向に 1枚しか 取ることができず、 取り効率が悪い。 これに対し、 吸収軸が 0 ° の偏光板であれ ば、 幅が 1， 3 4 O IM の偏光板ロールから幅方向に 3枚取ることができる。 この ような取り効率の面からも、 吸収軸が 0 ° の偏光板を液晶セルの表裏に配置でき れば、 コスト的に有利になる。 If the ratio of long side to short side is 16: 9 and the diagonal length is 3 2 inches (about 8 1 3 mm), the length of the long side and short side is 7 0 8 Since mraX 3 98 mm, only one polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 ° can be taken in the mouth width direction from the polarizing plate roll with a width of 1, 3 40 mm. ineffective. On the other hand, if the polarizing plate has an absorption axis of 0 °, three sheets can be taken in the width direction from a polarizing plate roll having a width of 1, 3 4 O IM. From this aspect of efficiency, polarizing plates with an absorption axis of 0 ° can be placed on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell. If it becomes, it becomes advantageous in cost.

一方、 液晶表示装置にはさまざまなモードの液晶セルが使われており、 それぞ れのモードに対応して、 視野角特性を補正するために、 各種の視野角補償フィル ムを配置することも行われている。 例えば、 特開 2000- 137116号公報 （特許文献 2 ) には、 ァセチル化度が 2 . 5〜 2 . 8のセルロースアセテートフィルムを配向 させることで、 波長 4 0 0〜7 0 O nmにおける複屈折 Δ ηが長波長ほど大きく、 かつ平均屈折率は短波長ほど大きい位相差板とすることが開示されている。 特開 2007- 94208号公報 （特許文献 3 ) には、 基材上で棒状化合物をランダムホモジニ ァス配向させることにより、ネガティブ Cプレートとすることが開示されている。 また、 特開 2007- 108552号公報 （特許文献 4 ) には、 液晶セルと、 その一方の側 に配置された偏光子との間にポジティブ Cプレートを配置することが開示されて おり、 そのポジティブ Cプレートとして、 ホメオト口ピック分子配列に配向させ たカラミチック液晶化合物を含む層を用いることも記載されている。  On the other hand, liquid crystal cells in various modes are used in liquid crystal display devices, and various viewing angle compensation films can be arranged to correct the viewing angle characteristics corresponding to each mode. Has been done. For example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-137116 (Patent Document 2) discloses birefringence at a wavelength of 400 to 70 nm by orienting a cellulose acetate film having a degree of acetylation of 2.5 to 2.8. It is disclosed that a retardation plate having a larger Δη for longer wavelengths and a larger average refractive index for shorter wavelengths is used. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-94208 (Patent Document 3) discloses that a negative C plate is obtained by randomly orienting a rod-like compound on a substrate. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-108552 (Patent Document 4) discloses that a positive C plate is disposed between a liquid crystal cell and a polarizer disposed on one side thereof. It is also described that a layer containing a calamitic liquid crystal compound aligned in a homeotropic molecular arrangement is used as the C plate.

前記特許文献 1に開示されるように複数枚の偏光板を継ぎ足す場合、 継ぎ目部分 で光濡れが生じてしまうといった問題があり、 かかる光漏れを完全になくして製 造することは、 技術上極めて困難である。 さらに、 温度や湿度などの環境が変化 した場合に光漏れが拡大するという懸念もある。 When adding a plurality of polarizing plates as disclosed in Patent Document 1, there is a problem that light wetting occurs at the joint portion, and it is technically necessary to manufacture such light leakage completely. It is extremely difficult. There is also a concern that light leakage will increase when the environment changes, such as temperature and humidity.

本発明の目的は、 一枚からなり、 吸収軸がほぼ 0 ° の偏光板を液晶セルの表裏 に配置しても、 現行の吸収軸を直交させて配置する場合と同様のクロスニコル状 態を発現することができ、 もって、 現行の偏光板生産設備で生産された偏光板を 用いても、 さらに大型化が可能な液晶表示装置を提供することにある。  The object of the present invention is to provide a crossed Nicol state similar to the case where the current absorption axis is arranged orthogonally even if a single polarizing plate having an absorption axis of approximately 0 ° is arranged on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell. Therefore, it is to provide a liquid crystal display device that can be further enlarged even if the polarizing plate produced by the current polarizing plate production facility is used.

本発明者は、 光入射側 （バックライト側） 及び光出射側 （視認側） の偏光板を、 いずれも吸収軸がほぼ 0 ° となるように配置した場合に、 両者の間に 1 / 2波長 板をほぼ 4 5 ° 又はほぼ 1 3 5 ° の遅相軸角度で配置することにより、 クロス二 コル状態が実現できることを見出し、 本発明を完成するに至った。 そこで本発明によれば、 一対のセル基板の間に液晶を挾持してなる液晶セル、 一方のセル基板の外側に配置された第一偏光板、 他方のセル基板の外側に配置さ れた第二偏光板、 及び第一偏光板と液晶セルの間に配置された、 面内の位相差値 Roが 20 Onm以上 400 nm以下である第一位相差板を備え、第一偏光板の吸収 軸を基準に、 反時計回り方向の角度を正で表して、 第二偏光板は、 その吸収軸が 0° ±10° 以内の角度で配置されており、 上記第一偏光板の吸収軸から第二偏 光板の吸収軸に至る角度を 0として、 前記第一位相差板は、 その遅相軸が （Θ + 90° ) Z 2 ± 5 ° 以内又は （0 + 270° ) ノ 2±5° 以内の角度で配置され ている液晶表示装置が提供される。 When the polarizing plates on the light incident side (backlight side) and the light emitting side (viewing side) are both arranged so that the absorption axis is almost 0 °, the present inventor The present inventors have found that a crossed dichroic state can be realized by arranging the wave plate at a slow axis angle of approximately 45 ° or approximately 1355 °, thereby completing the present invention. Therefore, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal is held between a pair of cell substrates, a first polarizing plate disposed outside one cell substrate, and a first polarizing plate disposed outside the other cell substrate. An absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, comprising two polarizing plates, and a first retardation plate disposed between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell and having an in-plane retardation value Ro of 20 Onm or more and 400 nm or less. The second polarizing plate is arranged with an absorption axis within an angle of 0 ° ± 10 °, and the second polarizing plate is positioned at an angle within 0 ° ± 10 °. When the angle to the absorption axis of the bi-polarization plate is 0, the first retardation plate has a slow axis within (Θ + 90 °) Z 2 ± 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) 2 ± 5 ° A liquid crystal display device arranged at an angle within is provided.

上記の液晶表示装置において、 第一偏光板の吸収軸と第二偏光板の吸収軸はと もに、 画面の長辺方向を基準に ± 10° 以内の角度で配置されていることが好ま しい。 また、 第一偏光板の吸収軸から第二偏光板の吸収軸に至る角度 0は、 好ま しくは 0° ±5° 以内であり、 さらには 0° ± 1° 以内、 とりわけ 0° 、 すなわ ち、両者の吸収軸が実質的に平行になっていることが最も好ましい。 このように、 第一偏光板の吸収軸と第二偏光板の吸収軸がともにほぼ画面長辺方向と平行にな るよう配置して、 対角長さが 32インチ （約 813mm) 以上の大型液晶表示装置 に適用するのが有利である。 とりわけ、 対角長さが 66インチ （約 1， 676翻） 以上の超大型液晶表示装置であっても、 表裏偏光板をそれぞれ一枚ずつで構成す ることができる。  In the above liquid crystal display device, it is preferable that the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are arranged at an angle within ± 10 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen. . The angle 0 from the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate to the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate is preferably within 0 ° ± 5 °, more preferably within 0 ° ± 1 °, especially 0 °. That is, it is most preferable that both absorption axes are substantially parallel. In this way, the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are arranged so that the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate is almost parallel to the screen long side direction, and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about 813 mm) or more. It is advantageous to apply to a liquid crystal display device. In particular, even for an ultra-large liquid crystal display device with a diagonal length of 66 inches (approximately 1,676 rotations) or more, one front and back polarizing plates can be constructed.

第一位相差板は、 可視光の波長領域において、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長 波長ほど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を有し、 フィルム面内の遲相軸方向の屈折 率を nx、 フィルム面内で遅相軸と直交する方向の屈折率を ny、 フィルム厚み方 向の屈折率を nzとしたときに、 nx>ny=nzの関係を満足するもので構成する ことが好ましい。  The first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer in the visible light wavelength range. The refractive index in the negative axis direction in the film plane is nx, It is preferable that the film satisfies the relationship of nx> ny = nz, where ny is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the film plane, and nz is the refractive index in the film thickness direction.

また、 第一位相差板は、 可視光の波長領域において、 短波長ほど位相差が小さ く、長波長ほど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を有し、フィルム面内の位相差値 Ro に対するフィルム厚み方向の位相差値 R thの比 R thZRoがー 0.5を超え + 0 · 5未満であるもので構成することも好ましい。 より好ましくは、 この位相差比 R th/Ro は一 0 . 1を超え + 0 . 1未満である。 Further, the first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer in the visible light wavelength region, and the film thickness with respect to the retardation value Ro in the film plane Directional phase difference value R th ratio R thZRo exceeds -0.5 + 0 It is also preferable that the composition is less than 5. More preferably, the phase difference ratio R th / Ro is more than 0.1 and less than +0.1.

第一位相差板の厚み方向の位相差値 R thを調整するため、第一位相差板の少な くとも一方の面に、 面内の位相差値 R oが 0〜1 O nmの範囲にあり、 厚み方向の 位相差値 R thが— 1 0 O nm以上一 1 O nm以下又は 1 0腿以上 1 0 O nm以下であ る第二位相差板を配置するのも有効である。  In order to adjust the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction of the first retardation plate, at least one surface of the first retardation plate has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 to 1 O nm. It is also effective to arrange a second retardation plate having a thickness direction retardation value R th of −10 O nm or more and 1 O nm or less or 10 thighs or more and 10 O nm or less.

さらにまた、第一位相差板と液晶セルの間、又は第二偏光板と液晶セルの間に、 液晶表示モードに対応した視野角特性を補正するための視野角補償フィルムを配 置するのも有効である。  Furthermore, a viewing angle compensation film for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode may be disposed between the first retardation plate and the liquid crystal cell or between the second polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. It is valid.

本発明において、 第一偏光板と第二偏光板の吸収軸をそれぞれほぼ 0 ° 方向と し、 両者を実質的に平行に配置した場合（6> = 0 ° ) 、 バックライ卜から入射し、 一方の偏光板を透過した直線偏光は、その偏光板の吸収軸に対し、遅相軸が 4 5 ° 又は 1 3 5 ° に配置された第一位相差板によって、 偏光状態が 9 0 ° 回転され、 光出射側偏光板に至るときにはクロスニコル状態となる。  In the present invention, when the absorption axes of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate are substantially 0 ° directions and both are arranged substantially in parallel (6> = 0 °), the light is incident from the backlight. The polarization state of the linearly polarized light transmitted through the polarizing plate is rotated 90 ° by the first retardation plate whose slow axis is set at 45 ° or 13 ° with respect to the absorption axis of the polarizing plate. When it reaches the light output side polarizing plate, it is in a crossed Nicols state.

ここで、 第一位相差板として、 面内の位相差値 Ro が、 可視光の波長領域にわ たつて半波長となる波長分散特性を示すものを採用すれば、 可視光の全波長領域 にわたつてクロスニコル状態を実現することができる。 さらに好ましくは、 第一 位相差板に第二位相差板を積層し、 両者の合計による位相差値が、 全ての方位角 及び全ての極角において、 可視光の波長領域にわたって半波長となる波長分散特 性を示すものを採用すれば、 可視光の全波長領域にわたってクロスニコル状態を 実現することができる。 図面の簡単な説明  Here, if the first phase difference plate has a chromatic dispersion characteristic in which the in-plane retardation value Ro becomes a half wavelength over the wavelength range of visible light, the entire wavelength range of visible light is used. A crossed Nicol state can be realized. More preferably, the second retardation plate is laminated on the first retardation plate, and the total retardation value is a half wavelength over the wavelength range of visible light at all azimuth angles and all polar angles. If a material exhibiting dispersion characteristics is adopted, a crossed Nicol state can be realized over the entire wavelength range of visible light. Brief Description of Drawings

図 1 本発明に係る液晶表示装置の基本的な層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視 図である。  FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a relationship between a basic layer configuration and an axial angle of a liquid crystal display device according to the present invention.

図 2 第一偏光板の吸収軸、 第二偏光板の吸収軸、 及び第一位相差板の遅相軸 の関係を、 画面上側 （視認側） から見た状態で示す平面図である。 図 3 第二位相差板を配置する形態の層構成の一例と軸角度の関係を示す斜視 図である。 FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the relationship between the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate, and the slow axis of the first retardation plate when viewed from the upper side of the screen (viewing side). FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of a layer configuration in which a second retardation plate is arranged and an axial angle.

図 4 第二位相差板とともに視野角補償フィルムを配置する形態の層構成の一 例と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図である。  FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a relation between an example of a layer configuration in which a viewing angle compensation film is arranged together with a second retardation plate and a shaft angle.

図 5 (A)は実施例 1一 1の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B ) はその構成についてのシミュレ一ション結果である。  FIG. 5 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of Example 11-11, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.

図 6 (A)は実施例 1—2の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B ) はその構成についてのシミュレーション結果である。  FIG. 6A is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle in Example 1-2, and FIG. 6B is a simulation result of the configuration.

図 7 (A) は比較例 1の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B ) はその構成についてのシミュレ一ション結果である。  FIG. 7 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle in Comparative Example 1, and (B) is a simulation result for the configuration.

図 8 (A) は実施例 2の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B) はその構成についてのシミュレーション結果である。  FIG. 8A is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle in Example 2, and FIG. 8B is a simulation result of the configuration.

図 9 (A) は比較例 2の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B) はその構成についてのシミュレーション結果である。  FIG. 9 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration of Comparative Example 2 and the shaft angle, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.

図 1 0 (A) は実施例 3の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B ) はその構成についてのシミュレ一ション結果である。  FIG. 10 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle in Example 3, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration.

図 1 1 (A) は比較例 3の層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図であり、 （B ) はその構成についてのシミュレ一ション結果である。 符号の説明  FIG. 11 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the layer configuration of Comparative Example 3 and the shaft angle, and (B) is a simulation result of the configuration. Explanation of symbols

1 0……液晶セル、  1 0 …… Liquid crystal cell,

1 1 , 1 2……セル基板、  1 1, 1 2 …… Cell substrate,

1 3……液晶、  1 3 …… LCD,

1 5…… V Aモード液晶セル、  1 5 …… V A mode LCD cell,

1 6…… I P Sモード液晶セル、  1 6 …… IPS mode LCD cell,

2 0……第一偏光板、  2 0 …… First polarizing plate,

2 5……第一偏光板の吸収軸、 3 0……第二偏光板、 2 5 …… The absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, 3 0 …… Second polarizing plate,

3 5……第二偏光板の吸収軸、  3 5 …… The absorption axis of the second polarizing plate,

4 0……第一位相差板、  4 0 …… First retardation plate,

4 5……第一位相差板の遅相軸、  4 5 …… The slow axis of the first retardation plate,

5 0……第二位相差板、  5 0 …… Second retardation plate,

6 0 , 6 1……視野角補償フィルム 発明を実施するための最良の形態  6 0, 6 1 …… Viewing angle compensation film BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

以下、 適宜図面も参照しながら、 本発明を詳細に説明する。 図 1は、 本発明に 係る液晶表示装置の基本的な層構成と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図である。 この図 では、 わかりやすくするため、 各層を離間して示しており、 以下に現れる層構成 と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図においても、 全て同様の表示形式をとつている。 この図に示すように、 本発明では、 液晶セル 1 0を構成する一方のセル基板 1 1の外側に第一偏光板 2 0を配置し、 他方のセル基板 1 2の外側に第二偏光 板 3 0を配置する。 液晶セル 1 0は、 平行に配置された一対のセル基板 1 1 , 1 2の間に液晶 1 3を挾持した構造になっている。 そして、 第一偏光板 2 0と液晶 セル 1 0の間には、面内の位相差値 Roが 2 0 O nm以上 4 0 O nm以下である第一 位相差板 4 0を配置する。 また、 第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸 2 5、 第二偏光板 3 0 の吸収軸 3 5、 及び第一位相差板 4 0の遅相軸 4 5が、 それぞれ特定の関係とな るようにする。  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the relationship between the basic layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention. In this figure, for the sake of clarity, the layers are shown separated from each other, and the same display format is used for all the perspective views showing the relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle that appear below. As shown in this figure, in the present invention, the first polarizing plate 20 is disposed outside one cell substrate 11 constituting the liquid crystal cell 10, and the second polarizing plate is disposed outside the other cell substrate 12. 3 Place 0. The liquid crystal cell 10 has a structure in which a liquid crystal 13 is held between a pair of cell substrates 11 and 12 arranged in parallel. A first retardation plate 40 having an in-plane retardation value Ro of 20 O nm or more and 40 O nm or less is disposed between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10. In addition, the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20, the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30, and the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40 have a specific relationship. To.

図 2は、 第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸 2 5、 第二偏光板 3 0の吸収軸 3 5、 及び 第一位相差板 4 0の遅相軸 4 5の関係を、 画面上側 （視認側） から見た状態で示 す平面図である。 この図に示すように、 第一偏光板 2 0と第二偏光板 3 0は、 前 者の吸収軸 2 5から後者の吸収軸 3 5に至る角度 0が 0 ° ± 1 0 ° 以内となるよ うに配置される。 ここで角度は、 反時計回り方向を正 （+ ) として表示する。 な お、 それぞれの偏光板において、 面内で吸収軸と直交する方向が透過軸となる。 また第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸 2 5から第一位相差板 4 0の遅相軸 4 5に至る角度 が、 (0 + 90° ) Z2±5° 以内又は （0 + 270° ) Z2±5° 以内とな るように、 第一位相差板 40が配置される。 位相差板において、 面内で遅相軸と 直交する方向が進相軸となる。そして、第一偏光板 20と第二偏光板 30のうち、 いずれか一方の外側にバックライトが配置される。 Fig. 2 shows the relationship between the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20, the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30, and the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40. It is a top view shown in the state seen from the side. As shown in this figure, the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 have an angle 0 from the former absorption axis 25 to the latter absorption axis 35 within 0 ° ± 10 °. Are arranged as follows. Here, the angle is displayed as positive (+) in the counterclockwise direction. In each polarizing plate, the direction perpendicular to the absorption axis in the plane is the transmission axis. The angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 to the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate 40 The first phase difference plate 40 is arranged so that is within (0 + 90 °) Z2 ± 5 ° or within (0 + 270 °) Z2 ± 5 °. In the retardation plate, the direction orthogonal to the slow axis in the plane is the fast axis. Then, a backlight is disposed outside one of the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30.

第一偏光板の吸収軸 25から第二偏光板の吸収軸 35に至る角度 Θ、 及び第一 偏光板の吸収軸 25から第一位相差板の遅相軸 45に至る角度ゆは、 第一偏光板 の吸収軸 25を基準としており、 これらの角度の表示は、 先に定義した 「画面を 視認側から見たときに、長辺方向右側を 0° とする」 ことの例外となる。ただし、 第一偏光板の吸収軸 25が、 画面長辺方向と平行に配置されている場合は、 上記 原則どおり、 長辺方向右側を 0° として表示される値と同じになる。  The angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate to the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate Θ, and the angle from the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate to the slow axis 45 of the first retardation plate are The display is based on the absorption axis 25 of the polarizing plate, and the display of these angles is an exception to the previously defined “when the screen is viewed from the viewing side, the right side in the long side direction is 0 °”. However, if the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate is arranged parallel to the long side direction of the screen, the value is displayed as 0 ° on the right side in the long side direction as described above.

上記のとおり本発明では、 第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 25と第二偏光板 30の吸 収軸 35のなす角度 0が 0° ± 10° の構成において、 一方の偏光板を透過した 光の偏光状態を、 第一位相差板 40によって 0 + 90° 又は 0— 90° 回転させ ることで、 クロスニコル状態が実現される。  As described above, in the present invention, in the configuration in which the angle 0 formed by the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 and the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30 is 0 ° ± 10 °, the light transmitted through one polarizing plate A crossed Nicol state is realized by rotating the polarization state by 0 + 90 ° or 0-90 ° by the first phase plate 40.

第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 25と第二偏光板 30の吸収軸 35は、上記のとおり、 両者のなす角度 0が、 第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 25を基準に、 0° ± 10° 以内 となるように配置することが肝要であるが、 それぞれの吸収軸 25， 35は、 と もに画面の長辺方向を基準に ± 10° 以内の角度で配置することが好ましい。 そ して、 第一偏光板 20と液晶セル 10の間に配置する第一位相差板 40を、 その 遅相軸が第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 25の吸収軸を基準に、 （0 + 90° ) Z 2土 5° 以内又は（0 + 270° )Z2±5° 以内となるように配置することにより、 一方の偏光板を透過した偏光が第一位相差板 40を通過するときにほぼ 0 + 90° 又は Θ— 90° 回転され、 他方の偏光板に対してクロスニコル状態の偏光が、 当 該他方の偏光板に到達することになる。  As described above, the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 and the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30 are such that the angle 0 between them is 0 ° ± 10 ° with respect to the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20. However, it is important to arrange the absorption axes 25 and 35 at an angle within ± 10 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen. Then, the first retardation plate 40 disposed between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10 has a slow axis based on the absorption axis of the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 (0 + When 90 °) Z 2 soil is within 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) Z2 ± 5 °, the polarized light transmitted through one polarizing plate passes through the first retardation plate 40. Rotated by approximately 0 + 90 ° or Θ-90 °, the polarized light in the crossed Nicols state with respect to the other polarizing plate reaches the other polarizing plate.

そして、 第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 25と第二偏光板 30の吸収軸 35を、 画面 の長辺方向を基準に ± 10° 以内、 好ましくは ±5° 以内、 さらに好ましくは士 1° 以内で、 実質的に平行となるように配置し、 対角の長さが 32インチ （約 813mm) 以上の大型液晶表示装置に適用するのが有利である。 And, the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 and the absorption axis 35 of the second polarizing plate 30 are within ± 10 °, preferably within ± 5 °, more preferably within 1 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen. And placed so that they are substantially parallel and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about It is advantageous to apply to a large-sized liquid crystal display device having a size of 813 mm) or more.

前述のとおり、 長辺と短辺の長さ比が 16対 9で対角長さが 32インチ （約 813mm, 長辺 X短辺は 708mmX 398mm) の場合、 Ψ畐カ 1， 34 Omm の偏 光板ロールからは、 吸収軸が 90° の偏光板をロール幅方向に 1枚しか取ること ができないのに対し、 吸収軸が 0° の偏光板であれば幅方向に 3枚取ることがで きる。 したがって、 かかる寸法又はそれより大きな大型液晶表示装置に対して本 発明を適用すれば、 コスト面でのメリットが出てくる。 とりわけ、 対角長さが 6 6インチ （約 1, 676廳） 以上の超大型液晶表示装置であっても、 表裏偏光板 をそれぞれ一枚ずつで構成することができる。  As mentioned above, when the length ratio between the long side and the short side is 16: 9 and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about 813mm, long side X short side is 708mmX398mm), the deviation of Ψ 畐 1, 34 Omm From an optical plate roll, only one polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 ° can be taken in the roll width direction, whereas three polarizing plates with an absorption axis of 0 ° can be taken in the width direction. . Therefore, if the present invention is applied to a large-sized liquid crystal display device having such a size or larger, a merit in cost can be obtained. In particular, even for an ultra-large liquid crystal display device with a diagonal length of 66 inches (about 1,676 mm) or more, each of the front and back polarizing plates can be composed of one sheet.

第一位相差板 40の少なくとも一方の面には、厚み方向の位相差値 Rthを調節 するために、 面内の位相差値 Roが 0〜1 Onmの範囲にあり、 厚み方向の位相差 値 Rthがー 10 Onm以上一 1 Onm以下又は 1 Onm以上 10 Onm以下である第二 位相差板を配置することができる。  In order to adjust the retardation value Rth in the thickness direction on at least one surface of the first retardation plate 40, the in-plane retardation value Ro is in the range of 0 to 1 Onm, and the retardation value in the thickness direction A second retardation plate having an Rth of −10 Onm to 1 Onm or 1 Onm to 10 Onm can be disposed.

図 3は、 この形態の層構成の一例と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図である。 図 3に おいて、 液晶セル 10、 第一偏光板 20、 第二偏光板 30及び第一位相差板 40 は、 図 1と同じなので、 重複した説明は省略する。 この例では、 第一位相差板 4 0の液晶セル 10側に、 第二位相差板 50が積層されている。 第二位相差板 50 は、 その面内位相差値 Roが 1 Onm以下と小さいため、 第一位相差板 40との軸 角度を特に定める必要はない。  FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of the layer configuration of this embodiment and an axial angle. In FIG. 3, the liquid crystal cell 10, the first polarizing plate 20, the second polarizing plate 30, and the first retardation plate 40 are the same as those in FIG. In this example, the second retardation plate 50 is laminated on the liquid crystal cell 10 side of the first retardation plate 40. Since the in-plane retardation value Ro of the second retardation plate 50 is as small as 1 Onm or less, it is not necessary to determine the axial angle with the first retardation plate 40 in particular.

なお、 フィルム面内の位相差値 Ro 及びフィルム厚み方向の位相差値 Rthは、 先に定義した三軸方向の屈折率を nx、 ny及び nzとし、厚みを dとしたときに、 それぞれ以下の式 （1) 及び （2) で定義される。  The retardation value Ro in the film plane and the retardation value Rth in the film thickness direction are as follows when the refractive index in the triaxial direction defined above is nx, ny and nz, and the thickness is d. Defined by equations (1) and (2).

Ro = (nx-ny) X d (1)  Ro = (nx-ny) X d (1)

Rth= 〔（nx+ny)/2— nz〕 X d (2)  Rth = [(nx + ny) / 2—nz] X d (2)

また、 本発明に係る液晶表示装置は、 第一偏光板 20と第二偏光板 30を両者 の吸収軸がほぼ平行になるよう配置しながら、 第一偏光板 20と液晶セル 10の 間に 1 2波長板である第一位相差板 40を所定の軸角度で配置することにより、 クロスニコル状態を実現するものであるが、液晶セル 1 0における液晶の表示モー ドに対応した視野角特性を補正するための視野角補償フィルムを備えることもで きる。 これによつて、 視野角の広い大型液晶表示装置とすることができる。 かか る視野角補償フィルムは、 第一位相差板 4 0と液晶セル 1 0の間、 又は第二偏光 板 3 0と液晶セル 1 0の間に配置することができる。 第一位相差板 4 0と液晶セ ル 1 0の間、 及び第二偏光板 3 0と液晶セル 1 0の間の両方に、 視野角補償フィ ルムを配置することもできる。 In addition, the liquid crystal display device according to the present invention is arranged such that the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged between the first polarizing plate 20 and the liquid crystal cell 10 while arranging the absorption axes thereof to be substantially parallel. By arranging the first retardation plate 40, which is a two-wavelength plate, at a predetermined axial angle, Although a crossed Nicol state is realized, a viewing angle compensation film for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode in the liquid crystal cell 10 can be provided. As a result, a large liquid crystal display device with a wide viewing angle can be obtained. Such a viewing angle compensation film can be disposed between the first retardation plate 40 and the liquid crystal cell 10 or between the second polarizing plate 30 and the liquid crystal cell 10. A viewing angle compensation film can be arranged between both the first retardation plate 40 and the liquid crystal cell 10 and between the second polarizing plate 30 and the liquid crystal cell 10.

図 4は、 この形態の層構成の一例と軸角度の関係を示す斜視図である。 図 4に おいて、 液晶セル 1 0、 第一偏光板 2 0、 第二偏光板 3 0及び第一位相差板 4 0 は、 図 1と同じであり、 またこの例では、 図 3に示した第二位相差板 5 0も配置 された状態で示されているので、 それぞれについての重複した説明は省略する。 この例では、 第一位相差板 4 0の液晶セル 1 0側に図 3と同じ第二位相差板 5 0 が設けられ、 さらにその液晶セル側に、 視野角補償フィルム 6 0が設けられてい る。  FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a relationship between an example of a layer configuration of this embodiment and an axial angle. In FIG. 4, the liquid crystal cell 10, the first polarizing plate 20, the second polarizing plate 30, and the first retardation plate 40 are the same as those in FIG. 1, and in this example, they are shown in FIG. In addition, since the second retardation plate 50 is also shown in a state where it is arranged, a duplicate description of each is omitted. In this example, a second retardation plate 50 similar to that shown in FIG. 3 is provided on the liquid crystal cell 10 side of the first retardation plate 40, and a viewing angle compensation film 60 is provided on the liquid crystal cell side. The

以下、 本発明の液晶表示装置を構成するそれぞれの部材について説明する。  Hereinafter, each member which comprises the liquid crystal display device of this invention is demonstrated.

[液晶セル]  [Liquid crystal cell]

液晶セル 1 0は、 先にも述べたとおり、 平行に配置された一対のセル基板 1 1， 1 2の間に液晶 1 3を挟持した構造になっている。 液晶セルには、 TN (Twis ted Nemat ic ：ねじれネマチック） モード、 VA (Vert ical Al ignment ： 垂直配向） モード、 I P S (In-plane Swi tching ：横電界） モードなど、 各種の 表示形式があるが、 本発明は、 電圧のオンオフによって、 偏光を 9 0 ° 回転させ た状態と偏光を回転させない状態の間で表示 ·非表示を切り換える各種方式の液 晶セルに対して適用することができる。  As described above, the liquid crystal cell 10 has a structure in which the liquid crystal 13 is sandwiched between a pair of cell substrates 11 and 12 arranged in parallel. The liquid crystal cell has various display formats such as TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, VA (Vertical Alignment) mode, and IPS (In-plane Switching) mode. The present invention can be applied to various types of liquid crystal cells in which display / non-display is switched between a state where the polarized light is rotated 90 ° and a state where the polarized light is not rotated by turning on / off the voltage.

[第一偏光板及び第二偏光板]  [First polarizing plate and second polarizing plate]

第一偏光板 2 0及び第二偏光板 3 0はそれぞれ、 フィルム面に入射する偏光 のうち、 面内のある方向 （吸収軸） と平行な振動ベクトルを持つ直線偏光を吸収 し、 面内でそれと直交する方向 （透過軸） と平行な振動べクトルを持つ直線偏光 を透過する性質を示すフィルムである。 具体的には、 ポリビニルアルコール系樹 脂フィルムに、 ヨウ素や二色性有機染料などからなる二色性色素を吸着配向させ た公知の偏光フィルムを用いることができる。 The first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 each absorb linearly polarized light having a vibration vector parallel to a certain direction (absorption axis) in the plane out of the polarized light incident on the film surface. Linearly polarized light with a vibration vector parallel to the direction perpendicular to it (transmission axis) It is a film which shows the property to permeate. Specifically, a known polarizing film in which a dichroic dye composed of iodine or a dichroic organic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol resin film can be used.

このようなポリビエルアルコール系樹脂フィルムに二色性色素が吸着配向した 偏光フィルムは、 通常、 その片面又は両面に透明高分子からなる保護フィルムを 貼合した状態で、 偏光板として使用される。  A polarizing film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on such a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin film is usually used as a polarizing plate in a state where a protective film made of a transparent polymer is bonded to one side or both sides.

[第一位相差板] [First retardation plate]

第一位相差板 40は、 一方の偏光板を透過してきた光の偏光状態を 90° 回 転させ、 他方の偏光板に至るときにクロスニコル状態を実現する目的で使用され る。 この第一位相差板 40は、正面の位相差値 Roが 20 Onm以上 40 Onm以下 である 1Z2波長板で構成される。 そしてその遅相軸 45は、 第一偏光板の吸収 軸 25と第二偏光板の吸収軸とのなす角度 0に対し、 第一偏光板 20の吸収軸 2 5を基準に、 （0 + 90° ) /2±5° 以内、 又は （0 + 270° ) /2±5° 以内の角度で配置される。  The first retardation plate 40 is used for the purpose of rotating the polarization state of the light transmitted through one polarizing plate by 90 ° and realizing a crossed Nicol state when reaching the other polarizing plate. The first retardation plate 40 is a 1Z2 wavelength plate having a front phase difference value Ro of 20 Onm or more and 40 Onm or less. And the slow axis 45 is based on the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate 20 with respect to the angle 0 formed by the absorption axis 25 of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate (0 + 90 °) Located within an angle of 2 ± 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) / 2 ± 5 °.

第一位相差板 40は、可視光の波長領域において、短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を示すもので構成することが好ましい。 さらに好ましくは、 可視光の波長領域にわたって λノ 2となる波長分散特性を示 すものである。  The first phase difference plate 40 is preferably configured to have a wavelength dispersion characteristic such that a shorter wavelength has a smaller phase difference and a longer wavelength has a larger phase difference in the visible light wavelength region. More preferably, it exhibits a wavelength dispersion characteristic of λ 2 over the wavelength range of visible light.

第一位相差板 40はまた、 先に定義した面内の主屈折率を ηχ及び ny、 厚み方 向の屈折率を nz として、 nx>ny^nz の関係を満たす一軸性のフィルムで構 成することができる。  The first retardation plate 40 is also composed of a uniaxial film satisfying the relationship of nx> ny ^ nz, where ηχ and ny are the in-plane main refractive indexes defined above and nz is the refractive index in the thickness direction. can do.

また、 斜め方向の光漏れや色変化を改善するためには、 第一位相差板 40は、 厚み方向の位相差値 Rthがー 5 Onm以上 +50 ηηι以下であるもので構成するこ とも有効である。さらに好ましい厚み方向の位相差値 Rthは、一 1 Onm以上 + 1 In order to improve light leakage and color change in the oblique direction, it is also effective to configure the first retardation plate 40 with a thickness direction retardation value Rth of -5 Onm or more and +50 ηηι or less. It is. Further preferred thickness direction retardation value Rth is 1 1 Onm or more + 1

Onm以下である。 このような性質を示すフィルムは、 nx>nz>nyの関係を満 たす。 第一位相差板 4 0としては、 高分子フィルムからなる公知の各種 1ノ 2波長板 が使用できる。 この第一位相差板 4 0は、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほ ど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を示す材料で構成するのが好ましく、 かかる材料 として、 例えば、 前記特許文献 2 (特開 2000- 137116号公報） に記載されるよう な、 セルロースアセテート系樹脂からなるフィルムなどを挙げることができる。 Onm or less. A film exhibiting such properties satisfies the relationship nx>nz> ny. As the first phase difference plate 40, various known 1-wave 2 wavelength plates made of a polymer film can be used. The first retardation plate 40 is preferably made of a material having a wavelength dispersion characteristic such that the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer. And a film made of a cellulose acetate resin as described in JP-A-2000-137116).

[第二位相差板]  [Second retardation plate]

第二位相差板 5 0は、 前述のとおり、 面内の位相差値 Roが 0〜1 0 1の範 囲にあり、 厚み方向の位相差値 R thがー 1 0 O nm以上一 1 O nm以下又は 1 0腹 以上 1 0 O nm以下のものであって、 面内の屈折率 n x及び nyがほぼ同じで、 厚 み方向の屈折率 n z が面内の屈折率より大きいか又は小さいものである。 このよ うな屈折率構造を示す位相差板は、 一般に Cプレートと呼ばれ、 目的とする位相 差値に応じて、 ポジティブ Cプレート又はネガティブ Cプレートを選択すること ができる。  As described above, the second retardation plate 50 has an in-plane retardation value Ro in the range of 0 to 101, and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of −10 O nm or more and 1 O Less than or less than 10 nm and less than or equal to 10 O nm, with in-plane refractive indices nx and ny approximately the same, and with a refractive index nz in the thickness direction greater or smaller than the in-plane refractive index It is. A retardation plate having such a refractive index structure is generally called a C plate, and a positive C plate or a negative C plate can be selected according to a target retardation value.

ネガティブ Cプレー卜は、 n x ny> n z なる関係を満たすものであって、 例 えば、 前記特許文献 3 (特開 2007-94208号公報） に開示されるような、 棒状化 合物をランダムホモジニァス配向させた状態で固定化することにより作製したフィ ルムなどが使用できる。  The negative C plate satisfies the relationship nx ny> nz. For example, a rod-shaped compound such as disclosed in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-94208) is randomly homogenized. For example, a film prepared by immobilizing in the aligned state can be used.

ポジティブ Cプレートは、 n x n yく n z なる関係を満たすものであって、 例 えば、 前記特許文献 4 (特開 2007- 108552号公報） に開示されるような、 ホメォ トロピック分子配列に配向させた力ラミチック液晶化合物を含む液晶性組成物の 固化層又は硬化層により作製したフィルムなどが使用できる。  The positive C plate satisfies the relationship of nxny and nz. For example, as disclosed in Patent Document 4 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-108552), a force laminar oriented in a homeotropic molecular arrangement is used. A film made of a solidified layer or a cured layer of a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound can be used.

[第一偏光板と第一位相差板との組合せに係る別の形態]  [Another form of the combination of the first polarizing plate and the first retardation plate]

前述のとおり、 第一偏光板 2 0は、 ポリビニルアルコール系樹脂フィルムに二 色性色素が吸着配向した偏光フィルムの片面又は両面に透明な保護フィルムが積 層されたもので構成することができ、 また第一位相差板 4 0は、 高分子の複屈折 性フィルムで構成することができるが、上記の如き偏光フィルムの片面に保護フィ ルムを積層したもので第一偏光板 2 0を構成し、 その偏光フィルム面に第一位相 差板 4 0を貼り合わせることで、 全体の厚さを小さくすることができる。 また、 図 3に示したような第二位相差板 5 0を配置する場合、 偏光フィルムの片面に保 護フィルムを積層したもので第一偏光板 2 0を構成し、 その偏光フィルム面に第 一位相差板 4 0を貼り合わせ、 さらにその第一位相差板 4 0の上に第二位相差板 5 0を貼り合わせることで、 やはり全体の厚さを小さくすることができる。 As described above, the first polarizing plate 20 can be constituted by a transparent protective film laminated on one side or both sides of a polarizing film in which a dichroic dye is adsorbed and oriented on a polyvinyl alcohol resin film. The first retardation plate 40 can be composed of a polymer birefringent film, but the first polarizing plate 20 is composed of a protective film laminated on one side of the polarizing film as described above. The first phase on the polarizing film surface By laminating the difference plate 40, the overall thickness can be reduced. Further, when the second retardation plate 50 as shown in FIG. 3 is arranged, the first polarizing plate 20 is formed by laminating a protective film on one side of the polarizing film, and the first polarizing plate 20 is provided on the polarizing film side. By laminating the one phase difference plate 40 and further laminating the second phase difference plate 50 on the first phase difference plate 40, the entire thickness can be reduced.

[視野角補償フィルム]  [Viewing angle compensation film]

先に図 4を参照して説明したとおり、 本発明の液晶表示装置においては、 第 一位相差板 4 0と液晶セル 1 0の間、又は第二偏光板 3 0と液晶セル 1 0の間に、 液晶セル 1 0における液晶の表示モ一ドに対応した視野角特性を補正するための 視野角補償フィルム 6 0を配置することができる。  As described above with reference to FIG. 4, in the liquid crystal display device of the present invention, between the first retardation plate 40 and the liquid crystal cell 10 or between the second polarizing plate 30 and the liquid crystal cell 10. Further, a viewing angle compensation film 60 for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to the liquid crystal display mode in the liquid crystal cell 10 can be disposed.

例えば、 T Nモードの液晶セルに対しては、 視野角補償フィルム 6 0として、 ネガティブ Cプレートとネガティブ Aプレートの積層フィルムを用いることがで きる。 また、 VAモードの液晶セルに対しては、視野角補償フィルム 6 0として、 ネガティブ Cプレー卜とポジティブ Aプレートの積層フィルムを用いることがで きる。  For example, for a TN mode liquid crystal cell, a laminated film of a negative C plate and a negative A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60. In addition, for a VA mode liquid crystal cell, a laminated film of a negative C plate and a positive A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60.

例えば、 I P Sモードの液晶セルに対しては、視野角補償フィルム 6 0として、 ポジティブ Cプレートとネガティブ Aプレートの積層フィルムを用いることがで きる。 また、 フィルム厚み方向の屈折率 n z が、 フィルム面内の主屈折率の一方 よりも大きく他方よりも小さい、 すなわち、 nx> n z> ny の関係を満たす 3次 元位相差板を、 視野角補償フィルム 6 0として用いることもできる。 さらに、 上 記 3次元位相差板とネガティブ Cプレートの積層フィルムを、 視野角補償フィル ム 6 0として用いることもでき、 さらにまた、 ポジティブ Cプレートと二軸性の ネガティブ Aプレートの積層フィルムを、 視野角補償フィルム 6 0として用いる こともできる。 以下、 実施例を示して本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、 本発明はこれらの 例によって限定されるものではない。 なお、 以下の例における透過率の計算は全 て、 シミュレーションツール （シンテック （株） からリリースされている "LCD MASTER, Ver 6.151" ) を用いて行ったものである。 For example, for an IPS mode liquid crystal cell, a laminated film of a positive C plate and a negative A plate can be used as the viewing angle compensation film 60. In addition, a three-dimensional retardation plate satisfying the relationship of nx>nz> ny, in which the refractive index nz in the film thickness direction is larger than one of the main refractive indices in the film plane and smaller than the other, ie, viewing angle compensation It can also be used as a film 60. Furthermore, the laminated film of the 3D retardation plate and the negative C plate can be used as a viewing angle compensation film 60. Furthermore, the laminated film of the positive C plate and the biaxial negative A plate can be used. It can also be used as a viewing angle compensation film 60. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Note that the transmittance calculations in the following examples are all The simulation tool ("LCD MASTER, Ver 6.151" released by Shintech Co., Ltd.) was used.

[実施例 1一 1 ] [Example 1 1 1]

この例で対象とした偏光板と位相差板の配置及び軸角度の関係を、図 5の（A) に斜視図で示す。 この例では、 第一偏光板 20と第二偏光板 30をそれぞれの吸 収軸 25， 35が0° となるように配置し、 その間に、 短波長ほど位相差が小さ く、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい逆波長分散特性を有し、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 2 95nmで、 Roに対する厚み方向の位相差値 Rthの比 RthZRoがー 0.04であ る位相差板 40を、 その遅相軸 45が 45° となるように配置した構成を対象と した。  FIG. 5 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate and the axial angle, which are the subject of this example. In this example, the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged so that the respective absorption axes 25 and 35 are 0 °, and the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the phase difference, and the longer the wavelength. A retardation plate 40 having a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic with a large phase difference, an in-plane retardation value Ro of 295 nm, a ratio of retardation value Rth in the thickness direction to Ro, RthZRo is -0.04, and its retardation The configuration was arranged so that the axis 45 was 45 °.

この構成について、一方の偏光板の外側から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極角を変えたときの透過率の計算結果を図 5の （B) に示し た。 ここでいう方位角とは、 画面の右方向を 0° とし、 反時計回り方向を正とし て回転したときの角度であり、 図 5の （B) では、 円の外側に 「0.0° 」 から 始まって 90° 毎に表示されている。 また極角とは、 画面法線方向からの傾きを 表す角度であり、 図 5の （B) では、 極角が同心円で示されており、 最も外側の 同心円が極角 「80° 」 に相当し、 以下内側へ行くに従って表示される同心円に おける極角が 20° ずつ小さくなつており、 中心点は極角が 0° 、 すなわち法線 方向に相当する。そして、右上に表示した凡例は、透過率のグレースケールであつ て、 黒の部分 （凡例の下側） は透過率 0、 白の部分 （凡例の上側） は透過率 0. 001 を意味する。 したがって、 図中にある白い部分は、透過率が 0.001以 上であることを意味する。 なお、 以下に出てくる透過率のシミュレーション結果 を示す図も、 同様の形式で表示している。  For this configuration, the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of one polarizing plate is calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth angle and polar angle on the light exit side are changed is shown in Fig. 5 (B). Indicated. Here, the azimuth angle is the angle when the right direction of the screen is 0 ° and the counterclockwise direction is positive, and in Fig. 5 (B), from 0.0 ° to the outside of the circle. It is displayed every 90 ° from the beginning. The polar angle is the angle that represents the inclination from the normal direction of the screen. In (B) of Fig. 5, the polar angle is shown as a concentric circle, and the outermost concentric circle corresponds to the polar angle “80 °”. However, the polar angle in the concentric circles displayed as going inward decreases by 20 °, and the central point corresponds to the normal direction, that is, the polar angle is 0 °. The legend displayed in the upper right is the gray scale of the transmittance. The black part (lower side of the legend) means 0 transmittance, and the white part (upper side of the legend) means transmittance 0.001. Therefore, the white part in the figure means that the transmittance is 0.001 or more. The figure showing the transmission simulation results shown below is also displayed in the same format.

[実施例 1一 2] [Example 1 1 2]

この例で対象とした偏光板と位相差板の配置及び軸角度の関係を、図 6の（A) に斜視図で示す。 この例では、 第一偏光板 2 0と第二偏光板 3 0をそれぞれの吸 収軸 2 5， 3 5が0 ° となるように配置し、 その間に、 短波長ほど位相差が小さ く、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい逆波長分散特性を有し、 面内の位相差値 R o が 2 9 5 nmで、厚み方向の位相差値 R thが 0である第一位相差板 4 0を、その遅 相軸 4 5が 4 5 ° となるように配置し、 さらに第一位相差板 4 0と第二偏光板 3 0の間には、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 0で、 厚み方向の位相差値 R th が— 1 O nm である第二位相差板 5 0を配置した構成を対象とした。 この構成について、 第一 偏光板 2 0の外側から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極 角を変えたときの透過率の計算結果を図 6の （B) に示した。 Fig. 6 (A) shows the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and retardation plate and the axial angle. Is shown in a perspective view. In this example, the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 are arranged so that their absorption axes 25 and 35 are 0 °, and the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the phase difference. The first retardation plate 40 has reverse wavelength dispersion characteristics in which the phase difference increases as the wavelength increases, the in-plane retardation value R o is 2 95 nm, and the thickness direction retardation value R th is 0. The slow axis 45 is 45 °, and the in-plane retardation value Ro is 0 between the first retardation plate 40 and the second polarizing plate 30. A configuration in which a second retardation plate 50 having a direction retardation value R th of −1 O nm was disposed was targeted. For this configuration, the transmittance when light was applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 was calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth angle and polar angle on the light exit side were changed is shown in Fig. 6 (B ) Pointing out toungue.

[比較例 1 ] [Comparative Example 1]

この例で対象とした偏光板と位相差板の配置及び軸角度の関係を、図 7の（A) に斜視図で示す。 この例では、 第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸を 9 0 ° で、 第二偏光板 3 0の吸収軸を 0 ° でそれぞれ配置した、 従来の構成を対象とした。 この構成に ついて、 一方の偏光板の外側から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の 方位角と極角を変えたときの透過率の計算結果を図 7の （B) に示した。 実施例 1— 1の結果である図 5の（B )と実施例 1 _ 2の結果である図 6の（B ) を、 比較例 1の結果である図 7の （B ) と対比するとわかるように、 2枚の偏光 板を吸収軸がいずれも 0 ° となるように配置した実施例 1一 1及び 1一 2でも、 両者の間に 1 2波長板をその遅相軸が 4 5 ° となるように配置することにより、 2枚の偏光板を吸収軸が直交するように配置した比較例 1と同様に、 クロスニコ ル状態が実現されている。 この結果から、 実施例 1一 1及び実施例 1— 2は、 偏 光板の吸収軸が平行であるにもかかわらず、 全方位において、 比較例 1と同様の 偏光状態が得られることがわかった。 ちなみに、 実施例 1一 1と実施例 1一 2の 結果を比較すると、 第一位相差板 4 0の片面に、 面内の位相差値 Ro がほぼ 0で 厚み方向の位相差値 R thが所定値を示す第二位相差板を配置することによって、 比較例 1に示した従来構成の結果により近づくことがわかった。 FIG. 7 (A) is a perspective view showing the relationship between the arrangement of the polarizing plate and the retardation plate and the axial angle, which are the subject of this example. In this example, a conventional configuration in which the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 20 is 90 ° and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate 30 is 0 ° was used. For this configuration, the transmittance when light was applied from the outside of one polarizing plate was calculated, and the calculated transmittance when the azimuth and polar angles on the light exit side were changed is shown in Fig. 7 (B). It was shown to. Figure 5 (B), which is the result of Example 1-1, and Figure 6 (B), which is the result of Example 1-2, are compared with (B) of Figure 7, which is the result of Comparative Example 1. Thus, even in Examples 1 1 1 and 1 1 2 in which two polarizing plates are arranged so that both absorption axes are 0 °, a 12-wave plate is placed between them with a slow axis of 45 ° As in Comparative Example 1 in which the two polarizing plates are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, a crossed Nicol state is realized. From this result, it was found that Example 1 1-1 and Example 1-2 could obtain the same polarization state as Comparative Example 1 in all directions even though the absorption axes of the polarizing plates were parallel. . By the way, when the results of Example 1 1-1 and Example 1 1-2 are compared, the in-plane retardation value Ro is almost 0 and the thickness direction retardation value Rth is on one side of the first retardation plate 40. By arranging the second retardation plate showing a predetermined value, It was found that the result is closer to the result of the conventional configuration shown in Comparative Example 1.

[実施例 2 ] [Example 2]

この例では、 VAモードの液晶パネルにおいて、 吸収軸が 9 0 ° の偏光板の代 わりに吸収軸が 0 ° の偏光板を配置し、 その偏光板の液晶セル側に第一位相差板 を配置した構成について、 シミュレーションを行った。 この例で対象とした液晶 表示装置の層構成及び軸角度の関係を、 図 8の （A) に斜視図で示す。すなわち、 この例では、 V Aモード液晶セル 1 5の一方の側に、 視野角補償フィルム 6 0 Z 第二位相差板 5 0 /第一位相差板 4 0 /第一偏光板 2 0の順に配置し、 液晶セル 1 5の他方の側には、視野角補償フィルム 6 1 /第二偏光板 3 0の順に配置した。 第一偏光板 2 0及び第二偏光板 3 0は、 それぞれの吸収軸 2 5 , 3 5を 0 ° で配 置した。 第一位相差板 4 0は、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほど位相差が 大きい逆波長分散特性を有し、 面内の位相差値 Roが 2 9 5 nmで、 厚み方向の位 相差値 R thが 0のものであり、 その遅相軸 4 5が 4 5 ° となるように配置した。 第一位相差板 4 0の液晶セル側に配置した第二位相差板 5 0は、 面内の位相差値 Roが 0で、 厚み方向の位相差値 R thが— 1 O nmのものである。 視野角補償フィ ルム 6 0， 6 1はそれぞれ、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 5 5 nm、 厚み方向の位相差値 R thが 1 2 0 nmで、 平均屈折率が 1 . 5 3の 2軸性ポジティブ Aプレ一トで構成 されている。  In this example, in a VA mode liquid crystal panel, a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 0 ° is arranged instead of a polarizing plate with an absorption axis of 90 °, and the first retardation plate is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate. A simulation was performed on the configuration. The relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is shown in a perspective view in FIG. That is, in this example, the viewing angle compensation film 60 Z, the second retardation plate 50, the first retardation plate 40, and the first polarizing plate 20 are arranged in this order on one side of the VA mode liquid crystal cell 15. On the other side of the liquid crystal cell 15, the viewing angle compensation film 61 / second polarizing plate 30 were arranged in this order. The first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30 were arranged with their respective absorption axes 25 and 35 at 0 °. The first retardation plate 40 has a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is greater as the wavelength is longer. The in-plane retardation value Ro is 2 95 nm, The phase difference value R th was 0, and the slow axis 45 was set to 45 °. The second retardation plate 50 arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the first retardation plate 40 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 and a thickness direction retardation value R th of −1 O nm. is there. The viewing angle compensation films 6 0 and 6 1 each have an in-plane retardation value Ro of 55 nm, a thickness direction retardation value R th of 120 nm, and an average refractive index of 1.5 3 2 It consists of an axial positive A-plate.

この構成につき、 電圧を印加しない状態 （黒表示） で、 第一偏光板 2 0の外側 から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極角を変えたときの 透過率の計算結果を図 8の （B) に示した。  For this configuration, the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed. The calculated transmittance is shown in Fig. 8 (B).

[比較例 2 ] [Comparative Example 2]

この例では、 図 8の （A) に示した構成において、 第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸を 9 0 ° に変更し、 第一位相差板 4 0及び第二位相差板 5 0を省略し、 その他は図 8の （A) (実施例 2 ) と同様の構成とした。 この例で対象とした液晶表示装置 の層構成及び軸角度の関係は、 図 9の （A) に斜視図で示すとおりであって、 こ の構成は、 現在販売されている VAモードの液晶パネルと基本的に同じである。 この構成につき、 電圧を印加しない状態 （黒表示） で、 第一偏光板 2 0の外側 から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極角を変えたときの 透過率の計算結果を図 9の （B ) に示した。 実施例 2の構成は、 比較例 2の構成 に比べて、 同じレベルの光学特性を示すことがわかった。 In this example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 8A, the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 20 is changed to 90 °, and the first retardation plate 40 and the second retardation plate 50 are omitted. The rest of the configuration was the same as in FIG. 8A (Example 2). Liquid crystal display device targeted in this example The relationship between the layer configuration and the shaft angle is as shown in the perspective view of FIG. 9A, and this configuration is basically the same as the currently sold VA mode liquid crystal panel. For this configuration, the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed. The transmittance calculation results are shown in Fig. 9 (B). The configuration of Example 2 was found to exhibit the same level of optical characteristics as the configuration of Comparative Example 2.

[実施例 3 ] [Example 3]

この例では、 I P Sモードの液晶パネルにおいて、 吸収軸が 9 0 ° の偏光板の 代わりに吸収軸が 0 ° の偏光板を配置し、 その偏光板の液晶セル側に第一位相差 板を配置した構成について、 シミュレーションを行った。 この例で対象とした液 晶表示装置の層構成及び軸角度の関係を、 図 1 0の （A) に斜視図で示す。 すな わち、 この例では、 I P Sモード液晶セル 1 6の 方の側に、 視野角補償フィル ム 6 0 /第二位相差板 5 0 Z第一位相差板 4 0 /第一偏光板 2 0の順に配置し、 液晶セル 1 6の他方の側には第二偏光板 3 0を配置した。 第一偏光板 2 0及び第 二偏光板 3 0は、 それぞれの吸収軸 2 5 , 3 5を0 ° で配置した。 第一位相差板 4 0は、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい逆波長分散特性 を有し、 面内の位相差値 Roが 2 9 5 nmで、 厚み方向の位相差値 R thが 0のもの であり、 その遅相軸 4 5が 4 5 ° となるように配置した。 また、 第一位相差板 4 0の液晶セル側に配置した第二位相差板 5 0は、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 0で、 厚 み方向の位相差値 R thが— 1 0 のものである。さらに、第二位相差板 5 0の液 晶セル側に配置した視野角補償フィルム 6 0は、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 1 8 7 . 2 nm、 厚み方向の位相差値 R thがー 3 6 nmで、 平均屈折率が 1 . 5 9 のフィル ムで構成されている。 この構成につき、 電圧を印加しない状態 （黒表示） で、 第一偏光板 2 0の外側 から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極角を変えたときの 透過率の計算結果を図 1 0の （B) に示した。 [比較例 3 ] In this example, in the IPS mode liquid crystal panel, a polarizing plate having an absorption axis of 0 ° is arranged instead of a polarizing plate having an absorption axis of 90 °, and the first retardation plate is arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the polarizing plate. A simulation was performed on the configuration. The relationship between the layer configuration and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is shown in a perspective view in FIG. In other words, in this example, the viewing angle compensation film 60 / second retardation plate 50 / Z first retardation plate 40 / first polarizing plate 2 is placed on the IPS mode liquid crystal cell 16 side. The second polarizing plate 30 was disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal cell 16. In the first polarizing plate 20 and the second polarizing plate 30, the respective absorption axes 25 and 35 are arranged at 0 °. The first retardation plate 40 has a reverse wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter, and the phase difference is greater as the wavelength is longer. The in-plane retardation value Ro is 2 95 nm, The phase difference value R th was 0, and the slow axis 45 was set to 45 °. The second retardation plate 50 disposed on the liquid crystal cell side of the first retardation plate 40 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 0 and a thickness direction retardation value R th of −1 0. Is. Further, the viewing angle compensation film 60 arranged on the liquid crystal cell side of the second retardation plate 50 has an in-plane retardation value Ro of 187.2 nm and a thickness direction retardation value Rth of −. It consists of a film with an average refractive index of 1.59 at 36 nm. For this configuration, the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed. The transmittance calculation results are shown in Fig. 10 (B). [Comparative Example 3]

この例では、 図 1 0の （A) に示した構成において、 第一偏光板 2 0の吸収軸 を 9 0 ° に変更し、第一位相差板 4 0及び第二位相差板 5 0を省略し、その他は、 図 1 0の （A) (実施例 3 ) と同様の構成とした。 この例で対象とした液晶表示 装置の層構成及び軸角度の関係は、 図 1 1の （A) に斜視図で示すとおりであつ て、 この構成は、 現在販売されている I P Sモードの液晶パネルと基本的に同じ である。  In this example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 10A, the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate 20 is changed to 90 °, and the first and second retardation plates 40 and 50 are changed. The other configurations are the same as those shown in FIG. 10A (Example 3). The relationship between the layer structure and the axial angle of the liquid crystal display device targeted in this example is as shown in the perspective view in FIG. 11 (A). This structure is based on the IPS mode liquid crystal panel currently sold. Is basically the same.

この構成につき、 電圧を印加しない状態 （黒表示） で、 第一偏光板 2 0の外側 から光を当てたときの透過率を計算し、 光出射側の方位角と極角を変えたときの 透過率の計算結果を図 1 1の （B) に示した。 実施例 3の構成は、 比較例 3の構 成に比べて、 同じレベルの光学特性を示すことがわかった。 実施例 2と実施例 3の結果は、本発明の構成が、液晶の表示モードに関係なく、 各種の表示モードに対して適用可能であることを示している。 産業上の利用可能性  For this configuration, the transmittance when light is applied from the outside of the first polarizing plate 20 with no voltage applied (black display) is calculated, and the azimuth and polar angles on the light output side are changed. The calculated transmittance is shown in Fig. 11 (B). The configuration of Example 3 was found to exhibit the same level of optical characteristics as the configuration of Comparative Example 3. The results of Example 2 and Example 3 indicate that the configuration of the present invention is applicable to various display modes regardless of the liquid crystal display mode. Industrial applicability

本発明によれば、 一枚からなり、 吸収軸をほぼ 0 ° 方向とした偏光板を液晶セ ルの表裏に配置することによって、 現行の偏光板生産設備で生産される偏光板か ら、より大型の液晶表示装置を形成することができる。具体的には、吸収軸が 0 ° と 9 0 ° の偏光板を用いていた従来の方式においては、 偏光板生産ラインの幅が 1 , 4 6 0 mmであった場合、 対角の長さが最大 6 5インチ （約 1， 6 5 1匪 ） ま での液晶表示装置が作製可能であつたのに対し、 本発明によれば、 最大 1 1 7ィ ンチ （約 2 , 9 7 2 mm ) まで作製可能となる。  According to the present invention, a polarizing plate made of a single sheet and having an absorption axis of approximately 0 ° is disposed on the front and back of the liquid crystal cell, so that the polarizing plate produced by the current polarizing plate production facility can be used. A large liquid crystal display device can be formed. Specifically, in the conventional method using polarizing plates with absorption axes of 0 ° and 90 °, the length of the diagonal line is obtained when the width of the polarizing plate production line is 1,460 mm. While liquid crystal display devices of up to 65 inches (about 1, 65 51 mm) can be manufactured, according to the present invention, up to 1 17 inches (about 2, 9 72 mm) ).

Claims

請求の範囲 The scope of the claims 1. 一対のセル基板の間に液晶を挟持してなる液晶セル、  1. a liquid crystal cell in which a liquid crystal is sandwiched between a pair of cell substrates, 一方のセル基板の外側に配置された第一偏光板、 A first polarizing plate disposed outside one of the cell substrates, 他方のセル基板の外側に配置された第二偏光板、 及び A second polarizing plate disposed outside the other cell substrate, and 第一偏光板と液晶セルの間に配置された、 面内の位相差値 Ro が 20 Onm以上 40 Onm以下である第一位相差板を備え、 A first retardation plate disposed between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell and having an in-plane retardation value Ro of 20 Onm or more and 40 Onm or less; 第一偏光板の吸収軸を基準に、 反時計回り方向の角度を正で表して、 Based on the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate, the angle in the counterclockwise direction is expressed positively, 第二偏光板は、 その吸収軸が 0° ± 10° 以内の角度で配置されており、 上記第一偏光板の吸収軸から第二偏光板の吸収軸に至る角度を Θとして、 前記第 一位相差板は、 その遅相軸が（Θ + 90° ) ノ 2±5° 以内又は（0 + 270° ) Z2±5° 以内の角度で配置されている液晶表示装置。 The second polarizing plate has an absorption axis within an angle of 0 ° ± 10 °, and the angle from the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate to the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate is Θ, and the first polarizing plate A phase difference plate is a liquid crystal display device whose slow axis is arranged at an angle within (Θ + 90 °) 2 ± 5 ° or (0 + 270 °) Z2 ± 5 °. 2. 第一偏光板の吸収軸と第二偏光板の吸収軸はともに、 画面の長辺方向を基準 に ±10° 以内の角度で配置されている請求項 1に記載の液晶表示装置。 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are both arranged at an angle within ± 10 ° with respect to the long side direction of the screen. 3. 第一偏光板の吸収軸と第二偏光板の吸収軸が実質的に平行であり、 対角の長 さが 32インチ （約 813讓） 以上である請求項 2に記載の液晶表示装置。 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 2, wherein the absorption axis of the first polarizing plate and the absorption axis of the second polarizing plate are substantially parallel, and the diagonal length is 32 inches (about 813 mm) or more. . 4. 第一位相差板は、 可視光の波長領域において、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を有し、 フィルム面内の遅相軸方向の屈 折率を nx、 フィルム面内で遅相軸と直交する方向の屈折率を ny、 フィルム厚み 方向の屈折率を nz としたときに、 nx>ny^nz の関係を満足する請求項 1〜 3のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置。 5. 第一位相差板は、 可視光の波長領域において、 短波長ほど位相差が小さく、 長波長ほど位相差が大きい波長分散特性を有し、 フィルム面内の位相差値 Ro に 対するフィルム厚み方向の位相差値 Rthの比 RthZRoがー 0.5を超え +0.4. In the visible light wavelength region, the first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic such that the shorter the wavelength, the smaller the phase difference, and the longer the wavelength, the larger the phase difference, and the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the film plane. 4. The relation of nx> ny ^ nz is satisfied, where nx is the refractive index in the direction perpendicular to the slow axis in the film plane, ny, and the refractive index in the film thickness direction is nz. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 1. 5. The first retardation plate has a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the phase difference is smaller as the wavelength is shorter and the phase difference is larger as the wavelength is longer in the visible light wavelength range. The film thickness with respect to the retardation value Ro in the film plane Directional phase difference value Rth ratio RthZRo exceeds -0.5 +0. 5 未満である請求項 1〜 3のいずれかに記載の液晶表示装置 Five The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein 6. 第一位相差板の少なくとも一方の面に、 面内の位相差値 Roが 0〜 1 Onmの 範囲にあり、 厚み方向の位相差値 Rthがー 10 Onm以上一 1 Onm以下又は 10 nm以上 10 Onm以下である第二位相差板が配置されている請求項 1〜3のいずれ かに記載の液晶表示装置。 6. On at least one surface of the first retardation plate, the in-plane retardation value Ro is in the range of 0 to 1 Onm, and the thickness direction retardation value Rth is -10 Onm or more and 1 Onm or less or 10 nm. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein a second retardation plate that is 10 Onm or less is disposed. 7. 第一位相差板と液晶セルの間、 又は第二偏光板と液晶セルの間に、 液晶表示 モードに対応した視野角特性を補正するための視野角補償フィルムが配置されて いる請求項 1に記載の液晶表示装置。 7. A viewing angle compensation film for correcting viewing angle characteristics corresponding to a liquid crystal display mode is disposed between the first retardation plate and the liquid crystal cell or between the second polarizing plate and the liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal display device according to 1.
PCT/JP2008/063466 2007-07-25 2008-07-18 Liquid crystal display device Ceased WO2009014231A1 (en)

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