WO2002014375A1 - Zweistufige reaktionsführung zur herstellung von cellulosecarbamat - Google Patents
Zweistufige reaktionsführung zur herstellung von cellulosecarbamat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2002014375A1 WO2002014375A1 PCT/EP2001/006471 EP0106471W WO0214375A1 WO 2002014375 A1 WO2002014375 A1 WO 2002014375A1 EP 0106471 W EP0106471 W EP 0106471W WO 0214375 A1 WO0214375 A1 WO 0214375A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- urea
- cellulose
- addition
- carbamate
- reaction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
- C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing cellulose carbamate.
- DE-A-19635707 describes a process for the production of cellulose carbamate, in which alkali-treated cellulose is first pressed, rinsed with alcohol and optionally substituted with an acid anhydride. Then the urea is added in one step for conversion to cellulose carbamate.
- EP-A-57105 also describes a process for the production of cellulose carbamate from alkali-treated cellulose. After pressing off the alkali treatment liquid, it is not only washed with ethanol, but also neutralized with acetic acid in order to remove excess alkali.
- Urea is added in one step, i.e. the total amount of urea is added all at once.
- the methods of the prior art are complex and expensive because of the necessary washing or neutralization treatments after the alkali treatment of the cellulose.
- the neutralization and / or washing treatment is carried out to remove excess alkali lye, which would interfere with the reaction with the urea.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a process which allows reaction with urea with the simplest possible procedure, while at the same time a good yield is possible with regard to the urea used.
- This object is achieved by a process for the production of cellulose carbamate by reacting cellulose with urea, which is characterized in that urea is added at least in two stages.
- the present invention further provides a process for the production of cellulose carbamate by reacting cellulose with urea, which is characterized in that the addition of urea takes place continuously during the reaction.
- the cellulose which can be used in the process according to the invention is a customary, alkaline-pretreated cellulose.
- the pretreatment can be carried out with alkali and / or alkaline earth metal solution. Both types of pretreatment are commonly called alkali treatment or ripening. NaOH, KOH, Ca (OH) 2 and Mg (OH) 2 are preferred. Aqueous NH 3 solutions and liquid NH 3 can also be used .
- the alkaline-treated cellulose used preferably has a residual alkali content of 0.1 to 3% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight.
- the molecular weight of the cellulose used is not particularly restricted and all types of cellulose can be used. The skilled worker is aware that the cellulose can be adjusted to a certain molecular weight range during maturation. This range is determined by the application of the carbamate to be synthesized. The particular desired molecular weight ranges are known to the person skilled in the art, as are the process measures necessary to achieve a desired molecular weight range.
- the cellulose used is preferably defibrated or comminuted in order to enable homogeneous mixing. This size reduction is usually already carried out during the alkali treatment, i.e. before mixing with alkali or after, but before ripening.
- the reaction of cellulose with urea can preferably take place in an inert medium, such as a solvent.
- inert medium such as a solvent.
- These media are selected depending on the temperature range in which the carbamate synthesis is carried out.
- the medium is characterized in that it boils in the range of the synthesis temperature that is used.
- a lower-boiling medium can also be used, which then boils under pressure at the synthesis temperature.
- solvents known to be inert can be used as solvents.
- Substances from the series of aliphatic and / or aromatic hydrocarbons which boil between 125 ° C. and 200 ° C. are preferred. Particularly preferred are o-xylene, p-xylene, m-xylene, technical mixtures of the three xylenes, butylbenzene, trimethylbenzenes of all substituent positions, propylbenzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, cyclopentane and substituted cyclopentanes, for example ethylcyclopentane, propylcyclopentane, propylcyclopententane, butylcyclopentane, butyl , further the Substituents may be present individually or in combination in arbitrary substituent positions, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, heptane, hexane, octane
- the xylenes are particularly preferred.
- the ratio of cellulose to medium is usually from 1: 1 to 1:30 (mass ratio; cellulose: solvent), preferably from 1: 3 to 1:10.
- urea is added in at least two stages.
- Urea can be added in pure form or in the form of a solution of the pretreated cellulose.
- the solution can be prepared with suitable solvents, for example those given above in relation to the reaction of cellulose with urea.
- the concentration of urea is usually from 50 to 100% of the actuation concentration, preferably from 90 to 99.5% of the saturation concentration in the solvent used.
- urea in solid form
- one or more auxiliary substances can be added together with the urea.
- these are the dimerizate of urea, known as biuret, and the higher condensates of urea (triuret %), ammonium carbamate, ammonium cyanate, N-alkylated ureas, semicarbazide, cyanamide, dicyandiamide, biguanide, guanidine, chloroformate, aliphatic and aromatic isocyanates and diisocyanates such as Methyl isocyanate, phenyl isocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate.
- the total molar ratio of urea to cellulose in the process according to the invention is usually 6: 1 to 0.4: 1.
- the Urea is preferably added to the cellulose in equal amounts, preferably in each case at a ratio of 0.2: 1 to 0.5: 1 per addition.
- the respective absolute amount per addition depends on the residual alkali content of the pretreated cellulose and on the desired degree of substitution of the end product.
- the degrees of substitution range from the saturation of all hydroxyl groups of cellulose, i.e. from 3 per monomer molecule, corresponding to a degree of substitution 3 (100%), up to one saturated OH group per 10 monomer molecules, i.e. a degree of substitution of 0.1 or less.
- the respectively desired degrees of substitution are selected depending on the further use of the cellulose carbamate and are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the desired degree of substitution can be achieved by suitable process control, in particular with regard to the temperature and the duration of the process. Such measures are known to the person skilled in the art.
- the degree of substitution achieved in each case can be determined simply by determining the nitrogen content of the carbamate.
- the mixture of cellulose and urea obtained after the first addition of urea is preferably heated in the process according to the invention.
- the heating takes place for 2 to 30 minutes, more preferably 5 to 20 minutes, to 100 to 180 ° C, more preferably 130 to 160 ° C.
- water after the first addition of urea and before heating, for example by applying a vacuum, possibly with simultaneous heating to 60 to 80 ° C.
- the water is preferably removed by dragging the water with xylene, the xylene being returned to the reaction after water separation.
- further urea additions can be made until the desired number of urea additions is reached.
- water can be removed after each addition, as described above.
- reaction is carried out with heating, this takes place both after the first and after the second and each further addition of urea, preferably at ambient pressure. The same applies to the addition of urea.
- the total reaction time is calculated as the sum of the individual reaction times after the respective urea additions.
- the total reaction time is preferably 10 to 150 minutes, more preferably 25 to 120 minutes.
- the reaction is preferably carried out after the second addition of urea at reaction temperatures which increase with the progress of the reaction time. This can improve the solubility and the storage stability of the cellulose carbamate produced. Processes for the reaction at increasing reaction temperatures are described, for example, in DE-A-19635473.
- a particularly preferred method of making cellulose carbamate in accordance with the present invention comprises the following steps:
- step e) activation of the cellulose with sodium hydroxide solution; b) pressing off the excess sodium hydroxide solution; c) ripening the cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide solution; d) washing the ripened cellulose with the sodium hydroxide solution from step b) and then with water; e) mixing the washed cellulose with urea at a molar ratio cellulose: urea of 1: 0.2 to 1: 0.5; f) adding xylene and water removal by heating to 50 to 80 ° C at a pressure of 10 to 200 mbar; g) relieving to ambient pressure and heating to 100 to 160 ° C for 5 to 30 minutes; h) Perform the second urea addition with that specified in step e)
- Cellulose carbamate is obtained.
- the cellulose carbamate thus obtained can then be filtered off and washed. After drying, the cellulose carbamate thus obtained can be used in spinning processes.
- the process according to the invention can be carried out in conventional reactor types known to those skilled in the art.
- a batch-operated stirred tank can be used. It is also possible to use a piston reactor, a wobble reactor and a tubular reactor.
- the process according to the invention is preferably carried out in a stirred tank cascade.
- one stirred tank can be provided for each urea addition.
- a quasi-continuous reaction can be achieved by this procedure, since the stirred tanks, which are operated individually in batches, are connected in series in such a way that a continuous procedure is achieved overall.
- the respective amounts of urea added and the corresponding reaction times can be selected for the individual vessels in the stirred vessel cascade in accordance with the above statements. However, an equal amount of urea is preferably again added with each addition and the reaction time is again 5 to 20 minutes per stirred kettle.
- stirred kettle cascade instead of the stirred kettle cascade, a stirred kettle-tower combination or a tower cascade and an annular disk reactor can optionally be used.
- the respective reactors are equipped with the known devices for carrying out processes at elevated temperature and, if appropriate, elevated pressure.
- An advantage of the process according to the invention is that the reaction with urea can take place directly with alkali-containing cellulose, without intermediate neutralization or washing steps.
- the two-stage addition of urea to non-neutralized alkali cellulose enables an increased yield with respect to the urea used compared to neutralization and one-stage addition of the urea.
- a better yield is achieved.
- a higher yield is also achieved when using neutralized, alkali-treated cellulose compared to processes which also use neutralized, alkali-treated cellulose with one-stage addition of urea.
- the method according to the invention therefore proves to be superior to conventional methods.
- the overall result is better process management, which in particular is less cost-intensive.
- the urea can also be added continuously over the reaction time. The addition is preferred in this case for 2/3 of the total reaction time.
- This embodiment of the method according to the invention is preferably carried out in a discontinuous stirred tank.
- the cellulose was washed again with fresh water and the remaining residual alkali content was neutralized with acetic acid. After neutralization, there were two more washes and dewatering on a suction filter by pressing off the residual water.
- 70 g of urea corresponding to a molar ratio of cellulose (AGU) to urea of 1: 0.75, were then added in a Blaschke kneader and mixed for 3 hours.
- the residual water was then removed in a reactor by stripping with xylene at 80 ° C. and a slight vacuum. After the water had been completely removed, the temperature was raised to the boiling point of the xylene at ambient pressure (145 ° C.). The cellulose-urea mass was reacted at this temperature for a period of 2 hours.
- the conversion of urea to carbamate was 80%.
- the second sample was introduced into the Blaschke kneader without neutralization and mixed with urea.
- the synthesis carried out under the same conditions as in experiment 1 gave a urea conversion of 76%.
- the third sample was washed once more with fresh water and had a residual alkali content of 0.5 percent by mass before mixing with urea.
- the mixing with urea and the synthesis was carried out as in experiment 1.
- the urea conversion was 76%.
- the fourth sample was charged into a Blaschke kneader without neutralization and with a residual alkali content of 2% by mass and with (1) 35 g of urea mixed, corresponding to a cellulose-urea ratio of 1: 0.375.
- the subsequent synthesis was carried out after water stripping and 15 min. The reaction time was stopped briefly at 145 ° C., and a further (2) 35 g of urea were added. The synthesis was then continued for 1% hours. Urea turnover was 91%.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2001272460A AU2001272460A1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2001-06-07 | Two-stage reaction for producing cellulose carbamate |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10040341.7 | 2000-08-17 | ||
| DE2000140341 DE10040341C1 (de) | 2000-08-17 | 2000-08-17 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosecarbamat durch Umsetzung von alkalisch oder ammoniakalisch vorbehandelter und gereifter Cellulose mit Harnstoff, wobei die Zugabe von Harnstoff mindestens zweistufig oder kontinuierlich erfolgt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2002014375A1 true WO2002014375A1 (de) | 2002-02-21 |
Family
ID=7652834
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2001/006471 Ceased WO2002014375A1 (de) | 2000-08-17 | 2001-06-07 | Zweistufige reaktionsführung zur herstellung von cellulosecarbamat |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1541227A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2001272460A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10040341C1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2002014375A1 (de) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200301168B (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004046198A1 (de) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-03 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von cellulosecarbamat in einem inerten organischen reaktionsmedium |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10223174A1 (de) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-12-11 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosecarbamatformkörpern |
| CN1322012C (zh) * | 2005-04-26 | 2007-06-20 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | 尿素嵌入法制备纤维素氨基甲酸酯的方法 |
| CN1282773C (zh) | 2005-05-30 | 2006-11-01 | 武汉大学 | 二步凝固浴法制备再生纤维素纤维的方法 |
| CN100427508C (zh) * | 2005-10-27 | 2008-10-22 | 东华大学 | 利用超临界二氧化碳制备纤维素氨基甲酸酯的方法 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2134825A (en) * | 1937-08-30 | 1938-11-01 | Du Pont | Chemical process |
| EP1078933A1 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-02-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alkalilöslichem Cellulosecarbamat |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19635707C1 (de) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-04-02 | Inst Textil & Faserforschung | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosecarbamat |
-
2000
- 2000-08-17 DE DE2000140341 patent/DE10040341C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-07 CN CNA018175015A patent/CN1541227A/zh active Pending
- 2001-06-07 AU AU2001272460A patent/AU2001272460A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-06-07 WO PCT/EP2001/006471 patent/WO2002014375A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-02-12 ZA ZA200301168A patent/ZA200301168B/en unknown
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2134825A (en) * | 1937-08-30 | 1938-11-01 | Du Pont | Chemical process |
| EP1078933A1 (de) * | 1999-08-25 | 2001-02-28 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Förderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. | Verfahren zur Herstellung von alkalilöslichem Cellulosecarbamat |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2004046198A1 (de) * | 2002-11-18 | 2004-06-03 | Zimmer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von cellulosecarbamat in einem inerten organischen reaktionsmedium |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10040341C1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
| CN1541227A (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
| ZA200301168B (en) | 2004-05-12 |
| AU2001272460A1 (en) | 2002-02-25 |
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