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WO2001050114A2 - Systeme de controle - Google Patents

Systeme de controle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001050114A2
WO2001050114A2 PCT/EP2000/013197 EP0013197W WO0150114A2 WO 2001050114 A2 WO2001050114 A2 WO 2001050114A2 EP 0013197 W EP0013197 W EP 0013197W WO 0150114 A2 WO0150114 A2 WO 0150114A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sample
radiation
frequency
vector
threshold value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2000/013197
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2001050114A3 (fr
Inventor
Jörn Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SEBACUR AG
Original Assignee
SEBACUR AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SEBACUR AG filed Critical SEBACUR AG
Priority to AU30165/01A priority Critical patent/AU3016501A/en
Publication of WO2001050114A2 publication Critical patent/WO2001050114A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2001050114A3 publication Critical patent/WO2001050114A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for the detection of substances, mixtures in various physical states.
  • the invention has for its object to detect non-contact substances such as drugs, explosives and / or atomic substances at a distance.
  • the object is achieved by the following features: a. by means of at least one high-frequency transmitter b. a radio frequency receiver c. a processor or programmable device d. and a memory, wherein the rays emanating from the radio-frequency transmitter strike the substance or the mixture and excite at least one molecule and then measure the returning radiation and summarize the resulting information in a vector.
  • RF excitation field high frequency
  • the method of distance determination (e.g. Euclidean) between a measured absorption vector offers and the tabularly stored pattern absorption vectors which belong to the material to be detected, a possibility of distinguishing the spectra of other materials from the material to be detected.
  • a contact-free measuring method is thus advantageously used here, the molecules being excited to oscillations and vibrations by means of HF rays.
  • the returning rays are processed and evaluated. In this way the molecule can be determined.
  • the device uses high-frequency radio waves for detection, since the substances can also be “recognized” through walls, glass and other opaque materials. It is particularly advantageous that several HF measuring devices can be connected to a main computer, since this enables central monitoring of several stations
  • the sample is exposed to radiation emanating from the high-frequency transmitter, which is approximately monochromatic, changing its frequency over time and thus sweeping over a frequency range, and the radiation emitted by the sample and is absorbed by the surrounding materials, absorption resonance effects providing characteristic spectra of a sample, the measured spectrum being compared by means of a correlation or a distance determination with a previously determined molecular-specific table, and the correlation or the distance being compared to a previously defined threshold value ,
  • the RF transmitter station sends an RF signal between 3 10 4 Hz and 3 10 9 Hz to the sample and changes the frequency with time in order to scan a frequency range.
  • the molecules are easily excited to oscillate and vibrate.
  • the frequency range is scanned.
  • the HF receiving station decomposes the radiation coming back from the sample into its spectral components. This makes it possible to determine the spectrum that is characteristic of the molecule. It is also advantageous that the spectrum is filtered. The quality of the detection can hereby be increased.
  • the spectral components are normalized and combined in a vector. This ensures that the information required for further processing is, because of the standardization, independent of the overall intensity of the radiation, that is to say independent of the distance from the transmitter and receiver to the sample, and can be further processed vectorially.
  • each material to be detected is also assigned to a standardized comparison vector, which is stored in a table.
  • the materials to be detected are also each assigned to a vector, which are stored in a molecular-specific table, and can then be used for comparison in the measurement.
  • the correlation of each vector of the table with the vector of the sample is calculated.
  • a value is determined which is a measure of the similarity of the sample to the molecule from the molecular-specific table. The largest of all determined correlation values is searched for. This allows you to find the material whose spectrum is most similar to the sample.
  • the largest previously calculated correlation value is determined in order to compare it with a threshold value and, if the threshold value is exceeded, to assign the sample the property of the material which belongs to the associated table entry. The comparison of the largest correlation value with a predetermined threshold decides whether the sample is the material stored in the table.
  • the distance between each vector in the table to the sample vector is calculated.
  • the distance determined is a measure of the similarity of the sample to the molecule from the molecular-specific table.
  • the table entry with the shortest distance is determined in order to compare it with another threshold value and to confirm the detection of the material belonging to the table entry when the threshold value is undershot.
  • the comparison of the smallest distance value with another predetermined threshold decides whether the sample is the material stored in the table.
  • the HF transmitting station which emits all frequency components at the same time. By transmitting many frequencies at the same time, it is no longer necessary to run through the frequencies one after the other. It is also advantageous that the RF receiving station detects the returning radiation at a very high time and breaks it down into its spectral components by means of a Fourier transformation. With alternative measurements by means of the Fourier transformation, spectral decomposition can again be achieved in accordance with the features of claim 4.
  • a complex pulse can thus be emitted and then the withdrawn radiation can be detected in a very short time resolution.
  • the spectrum of the withdrawn pulse can then be determined with the aid of a Fourier transformation.
  • FIG. 2 typical absorption spectrum of a sample (vector)
  • FIG. 4 forces which act on a dipole in an electrical field
  • FIG. 5 shows the schematic arrangement of the measuring arrangement. 1 and 5 show a device for the detection of substances and mixtures in various physical states, hereinafter referred to as samples.
  • FIG. 5 shows a computer 3 connected via a radio link 13 to a radio modem 12 m.
  • the computer 3 is configured or set via a handheld device 14, e.g. B. on continuous measurement. This is supposed to check everything.
  • the computer 3 can be set so that only very specific substances can be detected.
  • the computer 3 causes the HF transmission station to transmit signal 9 and to direct this to the sample 8.
  • the features (FIGS. 3a, b) are excited in the sample.
  • the molecules shown in FIGS. 3a, b are rotated about the axis 15, that is to say set in rotation and vibration, so that the energy is absorbed by the sample at a certain frequency.
  • the input radiation energy is converted into rotational energy, vibration energy, that is to say the sample 8 transmits certain frequencies, and this has the consequence that the return radiation 10 is input to the RF receiving station 2 and measured. In this way, one determines for certain frequencies that are transmitted - e.g. B. in 15 KHz steps -.
  • FIG. 2 shows that negative spades or indentations 2 to 18 are formed at certain frequencies, and sample 8 absorbs the frequencies particularly strongly (absorption energy with resonance absorption 4). So- with all substances that have a dipole moment can be detected with this device, ie the absorption values 2-18 are characteristic for the detection of the substance.
  • the spectra of the substances to be detected are stored in the computer and are used as a comparison spectrum and compared with the spectrum of the detected substance, as explained in more detail below
  • the molecules 11 of the sample to be detected are in the quantum mechanical states in HF spectroscopy.
  • the in Figure 3a, 3b can by external excitation, for. B. by electromagnetic radiation according to Figure 1, or by collisions with other elementary particles in a state of higher energy.
  • the difference to atomic spectroscopy is that the energy of the molecule can change not only through electronic transitions, but also through transitions between its rotational and its oscillation states.
  • a polyatomic molecule (see FIG. 3b) is not restricted to the energy transitions of its electrons like an individual atom, but can also be excited by rotation and vibration.
  • a molecule 11a or 11b can be regarded as a rigid body, the shape of which is determined by the equilibrium position of the nuclei. 3 and 3a show that different molecules can have a different number of degrees of freedom. So molecule 11a only has two, but the molecule 11b three degrees of freedom of rotation.
  • Fig. 3a the axes of rotation 15 ', 15' ' , 15 '' for a 2-atom molecule are indicated, which rotate through the angles ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • 3b shows a triatomic molecule which rotates about the axes 15 ' , 15' ' , 15 ' ' ' .
  • the angular momentum L is quantized, that is to say discrete and not continuous and dependent on the degrees of freedom just described. Since the energy is proportional to the angular momentum, the energy is also quantized, so that the molecule can only be excited with certain energies that are equal to the energy difference between two angular momentum energy levels.
  • the vibration energy levels as well as the energy levels of the electron states are quantized, so that here too only certain energies lead to excitation.
  • An excited molecule in turn can spontaneously change the energy state from a higher level to a lower level and thereby emit a photon (or an electromagnetic wave), the frequency of which is proportional to this energy level difference.
  • the absorption edges 4 show at which frequencies, proportional to the reciprocal of the wavelengths 5, the energy is absorbed and converted into rotation and vibration. This energy level change is explained by a dipole moment of the molecule.
  • FIG. 4 shows such a dipole, the charges Q + and Q- being conceivable as charge shifts on the molecule 11a, 11b, to which a force acts and thus a moment within an electric field.
  • the measuring device must be calibrated first.
  • the calibration data are anchored or stored in the program in the form of a molecular frequency table.
  • the frequencies of the photons that the sample emits when excited can be measured using conventional measuring devices such as a proportional number tube, ionization chamber, semiconductor number, scintillation number and Cherenkov number. All of these measuring devices rest on the principle of ionization, whereby the resulting electrical impulse, which results from the charge separation during ionization, is suitably amplified and registered.
  • the HF transmitter 1 consists of a transmitter diode excited by a programmable oscillator, which can emit radio waves in the range between 3 10 4 Hz to 3 10 9 Hz.
  • the frequency of the incoming signals 10, which exceed a level of a certain signal intensity, is now measured in the RF receiving part 2 simultaneously with the excitation.
  • the signals 10 are pre-amplified.
  • the measured values are then compared with the previously determined measured values of the comparison samples, substances such as morphs for the C17, H12, ONM. Morphine sulfate 5H20 or black powder KN03 or other substances, comparative samples correlated.
  • a distance function e.g. Euclidean distance
  • the distance between the measured state vector of the sample and the state vector of the comparison sample can be determined. If this distance is smaller than a previously defined threshold (different threshold than in the correlation), the measured sample can be assigned to the comparison sample.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour la détection de munitions, de drogues, d'explosifs, de grenades à main, de mines et de substances atomiques au moyen d'au moins un émetteur HF et d'un récepteur HF, d'une mémoire et d'un processeur ou d'un module programmable. Selon l'invention: a. l'échantillon est exposé à un rayonnement le plus possible monochromatique dont la fréquence varie dans le temps et couvre ainsi une plage de fréquence; b. pendant cette exposition sont mesurés successivement les rayonnements qui sont absorbés par l'échantillon et les matériaux environnants, les effets de résonance d'absorption donnant des spectres caractéristiques d'un échantillon; c. le spectre mesuré est, par corrélation ou détermination d'un écart, comparé avec les valeurs spécifiques de molécules d'une table établie préalablement qui doit être entrée dans la mémoire pour chaque matériau à détecter (drogues, munitions, etc.); d. si la valeur obtenue par la corrélation dépasse une valeur de seuil fixée, ou si l'écart se situe en-dessous d'un seuil défini préalablement, l'échantillon correspond alors au matériau dont les données figurent dans ladite table.
PCT/EP2000/013197 1999-12-29 2000-12-22 Systeme de controle Ceased WO2001050114A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU30165/01A AU3016501A (en) 1999-12-29 2000-12-22 Detection system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19963669.9 1999-12-29
DE1999163669 DE19963669A1 (de) 1999-12-29 1999-12-29 Kontrollsystem

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2001050114A2 true WO2001050114A2 (fr) 2001-07-12
WO2001050114A3 WO2001050114A3 (fr) 2002-07-25

Family

ID=7934930

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2000/013197 Ceased WO2001050114A2 (fr) 1999-12-29 2000-12-22 Systeme de controle

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU3016501A (fr)
DE (1) DE19963669A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2001050114A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7768444B1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2010-08-03 Rourk Christopher J Weapon detection and elimination system
US7844609B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2010-11-30 Expanse Networks, Inc. Attribute combination discovery

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10139502C1 (de) * 2001-08-10 2003-03-20 Diehl Munitionssysteme Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Auffinden von Streumunition-Blindgängern

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5057782A (en) * 1988-02-26 1991-10-15 Monash University Microwave spectrometer
GB8825435D0 (en) * 1988-10-31 1988-12-29 Cross T E Detection of non metallic material
US5365171A (en) * 1992-11-30 1994-11-15 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Removing the effects of acoustic ringing and reducing temperature effects in the detection of explosives by NQR
SE501473C2 (sv) * 1993-02-03 1995-02-27 Stiftelsen Metallurg Forsk Sätt att bestämma gasers och flammors tillstånd i smält och förbränningsprocesser
US5508203A (en) * 1993-08-06 1996-04-16 Fuller; Milton E. Apparatus and method for radio frequency spectroscopy using spectral analysis
GB2297377B (en) * 1995-01-25 1999-03-10 Secr Defence Screening device
DE19506339C2 (de) * 1995-02-23 1998-01-15 Klaus Ebinger Verfahren und Schaltungsvorrichtung zur elektromagnetischen Detektion von Objekten
US5642393A (en) * 1995-09-26 1997-06-24 Vivid Technologies, Inc. Detecting contraband by employing interactive multiprobe tomography
DE19617100B4 (de) * 1996-04-19 2007-06-06 Berthold Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Konzentrationsbestimmung mittels Kontinuums-Atomabsorptionsspektroskopie
EP0911650B1 (fr) * 1997-10-23 2003-09-10 Yuri Markov Dispositif et procédé de détection des matériaux

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7844609B2 (en) 2007-03-16 2010-11-30 Expanse Networks, Inc. Attribute combination discovery
US7768444B1 (en) * 2008-01-29 2010-08-03 Rourk Christopher J Weapon detection and elimination system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU3016501A (en) 2001-07-16
WO2001050114A3 (fr) 2002-07-25
DE19963669A1 (de) 2001-07-19

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