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WO1999005646A1 - Carte a puce a affichage bistable - Google Patents

Carte a puce a affichage bistable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999005646A1
WO1999005646A1 PCT/EP1998/004550 EP9804550W WO9905646A1 WO 1999005646 A1 WO1999005646 A1 WO 1999005646A1 EP 9804550 W EP9804550 W EP 9804550W WO 9905646 A1 WO9905646 A1 WO 9905646A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
replaced
atoms
liquid crystal
diyl
groups
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004550
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO1999005646A8 (fr
Inventor
Javier Manero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Hoechst Research and Technology Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG, Hoechst Research and Technology Deutschland GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO1999005646A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999005646A1/fr
Publication of WO1999005646A8 publication Critical patent/WO1999005646A8/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07701—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction
    • G06K19/07703—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction the interface being visual
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
    • C09K19/02—Liquid crystal materials characterised by optical, electrical or physical properties of the components, in general
    • C09K19/0225—Ferroelectric
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals

Definitions

  • a chip card is a card, usually made of plastic and in
  • a smart card is a chip card that also contains means for checking / controlling access to the card.
  • this means can be an integrated circuit which controls who uses the stored information for what purpose. This can increase data security.
  • Chip or smart cards are, for example, as telephone and credit cards
  • a permanent, visible electronic display (display) on the card is desirable and has already been proposed for chip cards, which provides information, for example about fill level, remaining amount or dates.
  • Such a display should be legible even without the application of an electrical voltage, since neither the thickness nor the manufacturing costs of a card permit the installation of a battery.
  • the display must therefore have an optical storage capacity.
  • SSFLCD's are already in use as computer displays, but their use in chip cards requires a considerably different property profile, which, for example, in addition to the optical storage capacity, is pressure and impact resistance, flexibility, low addressing voltage and legibility in accordance with ISO 7816
  • Daylight and particularly low thickness and weight includes.
  • the task of finding a mechanically and thermally stable optically bistable display for use in chip cards, which can be operated at voltages below 15 volts, preferably below 5 volts, has a high contrast and a high brightness or reflectivity surprisingly by
  • An object of the invention is therefore a chip card containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal display, characterized in that the liquid crystal layer consists of a ferroelectric liquid crystal which has a highly ordered inclined smectic phase in the working temperature range.
  • the display used according to the invention can be switched at voltages ⁇ 15 V, generally ⁇ 5 V, and is in a wide temperature range writable and robust against everyday loads such as pressure,
  • higher order means higher order than smectic
  • the working temperature range preferably comprises the range from 0 to 60 ° C, particularly preferably 10 to 50 ° C, very particularly preferably 15 to 40 ° C.
  • the chip card according to the invention is preferably a smart card.
  • the highly ordered inclined smectic, optically active (ferroelectric) liquid crystal can consist of a mixture of low molecular weight compounds as well as a single substance.
  • the mixture consists of a non-optically active base mixture, preferably in a proportion of> 50%, and one or more optically active compounds (dopants). If the
  • liquid crystal is a single compound, it must itself be optically active.
  • the FLC generally has a spontaneous polarization of 0.1 to 100 nCcm "2 , preferably 1 to 60 nCcm 2 , particularly preferably 2 to 40 nC / cm 2 .
  • Suitable compounds for FLC are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • R 1 , R 2 are identical or different a) hydrogen, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 or -CN, b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical (with or without asymmetrical carbon atom) with 1 to 20 C atoms, where b1) one or more non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 -
  • Cyclopentylene can be replaced and / or b3) one or more H atoms can be replaced by F and / or Cl and / or CN and / or b4) the terminal CH 3 group by one of the following chiral groups (optically active or racemic ) can be replaced:
  • R 1 , R 2 can be hydrogen, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 or -CN;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are the same or different a) hydrogen b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical (with or without asymmetric carbon atom) with 1 to 16 carbon atoms, b1) one or more not neighboring and non-terminal CH 2 -
  • M ⁇ M 2 , M 3 are the same or different -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-,
  • a ⁇ A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are identical or different 1, 4-phenylene, where one or more H-
  • Atoms can be replaced by F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , CF 3 , OCF 3 and / or CN, 1, 3-phenylene, where one or two CH groups can be replaced by N, pyridazine -3,6-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or more H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN may be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN, 1-alkyl-1-silacyclohexylene-1, 4-diyl, where one or 2 H- Atoms can be replaced by F and / or CN, 1, 4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by CN and / or CH 3 and / or F, (1, 3,4) -Thiadia
  • a, b, c are 0 or 1, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) may not contain more than four five or more-membered ring systems.
  • the liquid crystal generally contains 2 to 35, preferably 2 to 25, particularly preferably 2 to 20, components.
  • the components of the liquid crystal are preferably selected from the known compounds with smectic and / or nematic and / or cholesteric phases, for example of the formula (I). These include e.g. For example: derivatives of phenylpyrimidine, as described, for example, in WO 86/06401 and US Pat. No. 4,874,542, - metasubstituted six-ring aromatics, as described for example in EP-A 0 578 054
  • Silicon compounds as described for example in EP-A 0 355 008, mesogenic compounds with only one side chain, as described for example in EP-A 0 541 081, hydroquinone derivatives, as described for example in EP-A 0 603 786,
  • Phenylbenzoates and biphenylbenzoates as described, for example, by P. Keller, Ferroelectrics 1984, 58, 3; Liq. Cryst. 1987, 2, 63; Liq. Cryst. 1989, 5, 153 and JW Goodby et al., Liquid Crystals and Ordered Fluids, Vol. 4, New York
  • Biphenyls such as, for example, in EP-A 0 207 712 or Adv. Liq. Cryst. Res. Appl. (Ed. Bata, L.) 3 (1980),
  • Phenylpyridines such as in Ferroelectrics 1996, 180, 269 or Liq.
  • Suitable chiral, non-racemic dopants are: optically active phenylbenzoates, such as, for example, P. Keller,
  • Particularly preferred components of the liquid crystal are those from groups A to P:
  • a 1 means 1, 4-phenylene, trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene or a single bond
  • Z denotes -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • R 1 , R 2 straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to
  • Alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 C atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups also being represented by -O-,
  • R ⁇ R 2 are identical or different, straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 C atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups also being represented by -O-, -CO -, - CO- O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- can be replaced, and in which one or more H atoms can be replaced by F,
  • a ⁇ A 2 , A 3 are the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms are replaced by F. may be pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 can, (1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl, M ⁇ M 2 identical or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -,
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • R 1 straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 C-
  • n Sum of a + c + e is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 1 , R 2 are the same or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, - CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O -CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, A ⁇ A 2 , A 3 the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, one or two
  • H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F. , trans-1, 4-
  • Cyclohexylene where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , (1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl,
  • M 1 , M 2 , M 3 are the same or different, -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-,
  • R 1 straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 C-
  • Atoms where one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups can also be replaced by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO- O-, R 2 straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups also being -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O -CO-O- can be replaced, with the proviso that a CH 2 group which is not bound to oxygen is replaced by -Si (CH 3 ) 2 -, A 1 , A 2 , A 3, the same or different 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene, pyridine
  • R ⁇ R 2 identical or different straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 1 or 3 to 16, preferably 1 or 3 to 10, carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups also passing through -O-, -CO-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, preferably -O-, -O-CO-,
  • -CO-O- can be replaced, R 3 -CH 3 , CF 3 or -C 2 H 5 , preferably -CH 3 , CF 3 , A 1 , A 2 identical or different, 1,4-phenylene, trans- 1,4-cyclohexylene, preferably 1,4-phenylene.
  • A is N and B is CH or A is CH and B is N, C is N and
  • D is CH or C is CH and D is N, where one or two CH groups can be replaced by CF groups, R ⁇ R 2 the same or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O -CO-O- can be replaced and in which one, more or all H atoms can be replaced by F.
  • R ⁇ R 2 identical or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • R 1 , R 2 the same or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • R 1 a straight-chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O -CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, or the subsequent optically active group, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7, the same or different, H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, P -CH 2 - or -CO-,
  • a 1 , A 2 , A 3 are the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, one or two H atoms each having F may be replaced, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms may be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms may be replaced by -CN and / or -
  • CH 3 can be replaced, (1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl,
  • the asymmetric carbon atoms of the oxirane ring or rings can have the same or different R or S configuration.
  • R 1 a straight-chain or branched Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, - CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O -CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced,
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different, H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical with 1 to 16 carbon atoms,
  • CH 3 can be replaced, (1,3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl
  • the asymmetric carbon atoms of the oxirane ring can be configured in the same or different R or S configuration.
  • R 1 a straight-chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O -CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced,
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different H, a straight-chain or branched Alkyl radical with 1 to 16 or 3 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl radical with 2 to 16 C atoms, where R 2 and R 3 together can also be - (CH 2 ) 5 -, A ⁇ A 2 , A 3 are the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl , where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , (1, 3,4) - Thiadiazole-2,5-diyl, M ⁇ M 2 identical or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • Asymmetric carbon atoms of the dioxolane ring can be configured the same or differently, R or S.
  • R 1 straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 or 3 to 16 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O - can be replaced,
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different, H or an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 10 or 2 to 10 C atoms, where R 2 and R 3 together can also be - (CH 2 ) 5 -, A ⁇ A 2 , A 3 , the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyhdin-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F can, trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , (1, 3,4) -thiadiazole-2,5-diyl,
  • M ⁇ M 2 the same or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -,
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • Asymmetric carbon atoms of the dioxolane ring identical or different, can
  • Y -CO- (t-butyl), -CO- (adamantyl) Q: O, N-Y.
  • liquid crystal components are produced by methods known per se to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, in Houben Weyl, methods of organic chemistry. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart or the cited writings.
  • the mixture is prepared by methods known per se. Mixtures which contain at least one component from groups A to D are preferred.
  • the mixtures preferably contain 0.1 to 79% by weight of one or more components of group A and 0.1 to 67% by weight of one or more
  • the mixtures particularly preferably contain 3 to 67% by weight of one or more components from group A and 1 to 57% by weight of one or more components from groups B, C and / or D.
  • the mixtures very particularly preferably comprise 5 to 53% by weight of two to nine components from group a and 1 to 43% by weight of one to five components from groups B, C and / or D.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) display used according to the invention contains two carrier plates, these can be made of glass or, because of the flexibility, preferably plastic or one each made of glass and the other made of plastic.
  • Suitable plastics are, for example, known plastics such as polyarylates, polyether sulfones, cycloolefin copolymers, polyetherimides,
  • polycarbonate Polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyester, polymethyl methacrylates, and their copolymers or blends.
  • the inside of these carrier plates are provided with conductive, transparent layers, as well as orientation layers and possibly other auxiliary layers, such as insulation layers.
  • the orientation layer (s), for example polyimides, such as 6,6-nylon, are usually rubbed films made from organic polymers or obliquely evaporated silicon dioxide.
  • the decisive factor for the electro-optical properties and storage properties of the display is the approximately 1-3 ⁇ m thick FLC layer, the layer thickness of which is preferably determined by spacers. These spacers can be mixed-in particles, such as spheres, or structured columns inside the display.
  • the entire cell can be electrically, for example by soldering, bonding, pressing or the like. be contacted.
  • the display is controlled with a voltage or voltage pulses by a suitable electronic circuit.
  • the control is generally direct or as a multiplex control (see, for example, Jean Dijon in Liquid Crystals, Application and Uses (Ed. B. Bahadur) Vol. 1, 1990, Chapter 13, pp. 305-
  • the electro-optical effect which is based on the birefringence of the FLC material or on the anisotropic absorption of a mixed dichroic dye, is visible between two crossed polarizers (polarizing foils).
  • the electrode spacing is generally 0.5 to 4 ⁇ m, preferably at least 1.2 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at least 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • the production of the FLC display for the chip card according to the invention can thus basically follow known methods, as described, for example, by E. Lüder et al., 1997 International Symposium, Seminar & Exhibition, Society of Information Display, Boston, Massachusetts, Article 9.4, SID 97 DIGEST, pp. 109-1 12.
  • the FLC display is embedded or applied in or on a plastic card provided with one or more electronic microchips.
  • the microchips contain the program and / or memory functions which ensure the desired function of the chip card. Such chips and their manufacture are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the card also contains means for data exchange with an external one
  • Writing and / or reading system for example electrically conductive contacts or an "antenna” in the form of flat coils.
  • the card body generally consists of plastic, preferably of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or acrylic-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS) or Biopol®
  • the plastic cards used are known and the majority are commercially available (e.g. Gemplus, http://www.gemplus.fr).
  • Protocol type T 1, asynchronous half duplex block transmission protocol
  • the chip card according to the invention is suitable, for example, for access control, as a check card, electronic ticket, telephone card, parking garage card, "electronic wallet” or for Pay TV.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

Carte à puce à affichage bistable pouvant supporter des contraintes mécaniques, renfermant un affichage ferroélectrique à cristaux liquides avec couche de cristaux liquides ferroélectrique, caractérisée en ce que la couche de cristaux liquides est formée d'un cristal liquide faiblement moléculaire présentant, dans le domaine des températures de travail, une phase smectique inclinée d'ordre élevé. L'affichage utilisé conformément à l'invention peut être connecté sous des tensions </=15 V, généralement </=5 V, peut être écrit dans un vaste domaine de température et résiste aux charges quotidiennes courantes telles que pression, flexion, déformation ou contraintes thermiques.
PCT/EP1998/004550 1997-07-25 1998-07-21 Carte a puce a affichage bistable Ceased WO1999005646A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE1997132158 DE19732158A1 (de) 1997-07-25 1997-07-25 Chipkarte mit bistabiler Anzeige
DE19732158.5 1997-07-25

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999005646A1 true WO1999005646A1 (fr) 1999-02-04
WO1999005646A8 WO1999005646A8 (fr) 1999-04-01

Family

ID=7836946

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1998/004550 Ceased WO1999005646A1 (fr) 1997-07-25 1998-07-21 Carte a puce a affichage bistable

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Country Link
DE (1) DE19732158A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999005646A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7075502B1 (en) 1998-04-10 2006-07-11 E Ink Corporation Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7167155B1 (en) 1995-07-20 2007-01-23 E Ink Corporation Color electrophoretic displays

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0291259A1 (fr) * 1987-05-09 1988-11-17 Sel Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Fiche de mémoire des données avec cristaux liquides ferroélectriques
EP0405983A2 (fr) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-02 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd Substance optiquement active et composition liquide cristalline
FR2731537A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-13 Gemplus Card Int Carte a puce avec dispositif d'affichage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0291259A1 (fr) * 1987-05-09 1988-11-17 Sel Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Fiche de mémoire des données avec cristaux liquides ferroélectriques
EP0405983A2 (fr) * 1989-06-28 1991-01-02 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd Substance optiquement active et composition liquide cristalline
FR2731537A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-13 Gemplus Card Int Carte a puce avec dispositif d'affichage

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7075502B1 (en) 1998-04-10 2006-07-11 E Ink Corporation Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels

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Publication number Publication date
DE19732158A1 (de) 1999-01-28
WO1999005646A8 (fr) 1999-04-01

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