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WO1999005645A1 - Carte a puce dotee d'un afficheur bistable pouvant etre charge mecaniquement - Google Patents

Carte a puce dotee d'un afficheur bistable pouvant etre charge mecaniquement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1999005645A1
WO1999005645A1 PCT/EP1998/004547 EP9804547W WO9905645A1 WO 1999005645 A1 WO1999005645 A1 WO 1999005645A1 EP 9804547 W EP9804547 W EP 9804547W WO 9905645 A1 WO9905645 A1 WO 9905645A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
card
replaced
atoms
diyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP1998/004547
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Javier Manero
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Hoechst Research and Technology Deutschland GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG, Hoechst Research and Technology Deutschland GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Aventis Research and Technologies GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO1999005645A1 publication Critical patent/WO1999005645A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07701—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction
    • G06K19/07703—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier comprising an interface suitable for human interaction the interface being visual
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier

Definitions

  • a chip card is a card, usually made of plastic and in
  • a smart card is a chip card that also contains means for checking / controlling access to the card.
  • this means can be an integrated circuit which controls who uses the stored information for what purpose. This can increase data security.
  • Chip or smart cards are, for example, as telephone and credit cards
  • a permanent, visible electronic display (display) on the card is desirable and has already been proposed for chip cards, which provides information, for example about fill level, remaining amount or dates.
  • Such a display should also be visible without the application of an electrical voltage, since neither the thickness nor the manufacturing costs of a card permit the installation of a battery.
  • the display must therefore have an optical storage capacity.
  • surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays (SSFLCD) and bistable nematic displays see E. Lüder et al. 1997 International Symposium, Seminar & Exhibition, Society) have so far been used for such applications of Information Display, Boston, Massachusetts, article 9.4, SID 97 DIGEST, p. 109-
  • SSFLCDs are already in use as computer displays, but their use in chip cards requires a considerably different property profile, which includes pressure and shock resistance, flexibility, low addressing voltage, legibility in daylight and particularly low thickness and weight, in addition to the optical storage capacity according to ISO 7816.
  • Liquid crystal mixtures for those displays that are specially designed to meet the requirements of chip or smart cards.
  • a ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture which contains one or more higher molecular components, which do not themselves have any ferroelectric liquid crystalline phases, as a stabilizing network (matrix) are particularly suitable for use in displays for chip cards.
  • the invention therefore relates to a chip card containing a ferroelectric
  • Liquid crystal display with a ferroelectric liquid crystal layer characterized in that the liquid crystal layer contains one or more higher molecular components which do not themselves form a ferroelectric liquid crystalline phase.
  • the display according to the invention can be switched at voltages ⁇ 15 V, generally ⁇ 5 V, can be written over a wide temperature range and is robust against everyday loads such as pressure, bending, deformation or thermal stress.
  • the liquid crystal layer contains one or more higher molecular components which stabilize the structure of the smectic liquid crystal necessary for the displays.
  • the higher molecular weight components usually form a network (polymer matrix) in which the liquid crystal is embedded.
  • the liquid crystal is characterized by the presence of the
  • the inclined smectic optically active (ferroelectric) liquid crystal can consist of a mixture of low molecular weight compounds as well as a single substance.
  • the liquid crystal preferably contains a non-optically active base mixture, preferably in a proportion of> 50% by weight, and one or more optically active compounds (dopants). If the liquid crystal consists of a single compound, then this must itself be optically active.
  • the FLC generally has a spontaneous polarization of 0.1 to 100 nCcm, preferably 3 to 60 nCcm 2 , particularly preferably 5 to
  • Suitable compounds for FLC are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • suitable connections can e.g. describe by the general formula (I)
  • R 1 , R 2 are identical or different a) hydrogen, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 or -CN, b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical (with or without asymmetrical carbon atom) with 1 to 20 carbon atoms, where b1) one or more non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups by -O-, -S-, -CO -O-, -O-CO-, -CS-O-, -O-CS-, -CS-S-, -S-CS-, -CO-S-, -S-CO-, -O-CO -O- or
  • Cyclopropane-1, 2-diyl, 1, 4-phenylene, 1, 4-cyclohexylene or 1, 3-cyclopentylene can be replaced and / or b3) one or more H atoms replaced by F and / or Cl and / or CN and / or b4) the terminal CH 3 group can be replaced by one of the following chiral groups (optically active or racemic):
  • R 1 , R 2 can be hydrogen, -F, -Cl, -CF 3 , -OCF 3 or -CN;
  • R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 are the same or different a) hydrogen b) a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical (with or without asymmetric carbon atom) with 1 to 16 carbon atoms, b1) one or more not neighboring and non-terminal CH 2 -
  • a ⁇ A 2 , A 3 , A 4 are identical or different 1, 4-phenylene, one or more H atoms being represented by F, Cl, OCH 3 , CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , CF 3 , OCF 3 and / or CN can be replaced, 1, 3-phenylene, where one or two CH groups can be replaced by N, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN can, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or more H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, Cl and / or CN can be replaced, 1, 4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by CN and / or CH 3 and / or F, 1-alkyl-1-silacyclohexane-1, h-
  • H atoms can be replaced by F and one or two CH- Groups can be replaced by N, indan-2,5-diyl, indan-1-one-2,5-diyl, benzothiazole-2,6-diyl, benzothiazole-2,5-diyl, benzoxazole-2,6-diyl , Benzoxazole-2,5-diyl, benzofuran-2,5-diyl, benzofuran
  • a, b, c are 0 or 1, with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) may not contain more than four five or more-membered ring systems.
  • the liquid crystal generally contains 1 to 35, preferably 2 to 25, particularly preferably 2 to 20 low molecular weight components.
  • the components of the liquid crystal are preferably selected from the known compounds with smectic and / or nematic and / or cholesteric phases, for example of the formula (I). These include e.g. B .:
  • Biphenyls such as in EP-A-0 207 712 or Adv. Liq. Cryst. Res.
  • Phenylpyridines such as in Ferroelectrics 1996, 180, 269 or Liq.
  • Possible chiral, non-racemic dopants are, for example: optically active phenyl benzoates, as for example in P. Keller
  • optically active oxirane esters as described for example in EP-A 0 292 954, optically active dioxolane ethers, as described for example in EP-A 0 351 746, optically active dioxolane esters, as described for example in EP-A 0 361 272, optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters, as described for example in EP-A 0 355 561, and - optically active 2-fluoroalkyl ethers, as for example in EP-A 0 237 007 and
  • Particularly preferred components of the liquid crystal are those from groups A to P: A. phenylazaaryl derivatives of the formula (II),
  • a 1 1, 4-phenylene, trans-1, 4-cyclohexylene or a single bond
  • Z is -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -S-CO-, -CO-S-, -CH 2 O-, -OCH 2 - or -CH 2 CH 2 -.
  • a ⁇ A 2 , A 3 , A 4 the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F or CN, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, (1,3,4) -thiadiazole-2,5-diyl or naphthalene-2,6-diyl,
  • R ⁇ R 2 the same or different, a straight chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -O -CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, A ⁇ A 2 , A 3 the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, one or two
  • H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, it being possible for one or two H atoms to be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , (1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol- 2,5-diyl,
  • M 1 , M 2 , M 3 are the same or different, -O-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-,
  • Six ring is 0, 1 or 2
  • a, b, c, d, e, f are zero or one, provided that the
  • R 1 straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O -CO- or
  • -O-CO-O- can be replaced, R 2 straight-chain or branched alkyl having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent CH2 groups also being replaced by -O-, -CO-, - CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- can be replaced, with the proviso that a CH 2 - that is not bound to oxygen
  • R 2 or R 2 are identical or different straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having 1 or 3 to 16, preferably 1 or 3 to 10, carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups also being represented by - O-, -CO-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO-O-, preferably -O-, -O-CO-, -CO-O-, can be replaced, R 3 -CH 3 , CF 3 or-C 2 H 5 , preferably -CH 3 , CF 3 ,
  • a ⁇ A 2 the same or different, 1,4-phenylene, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, preferably 1,4-phenylene.
  • R 7 A BY ⁇ ⁇ CD R2
  • A is N and B is CH or A is CH and B is N, C is N and D is CH or C is CH and D is N, it being possible for one or two CH groups to be replaced by CF groups, R ⁇ R 2 the same or different, a straight chain or branched
  • Alkyl radical with 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O-CO- or -O -CO-O- can be replaced.
  • R ⁇ R 2 are the same or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • R 1 , R 2 the same or different, a straight-chain or branched
  • R 1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, with one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O -CO-, -O-CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, or the subsequent optically active group
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7, identical or different, H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 C atoms, P -CH 2 - or -CO- A 1 , A 2 , A 3 are the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyI, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyrimidine -2,5- diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans- 1, 4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or - CH 3 , (1 , 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl, M 1 , M 2 identical or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -, - CH 2 -
  • R 1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, with one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O -CO-, -O-CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 identical or different, H or a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 carbon atoms , A 1 , A 2 , A 3 the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, one or two H atoms each being F may be replaced, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms are replaced by -CN and /
  • M ⁇ M 2 the same or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -,
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • the asymmetric carbon atoms of the oxirane ring can be configured in the same or different R or S configuration.
  • R 1 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, with one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO-O-, -O -CO-, -O-CO-O- or -Si (CH 3 ) 2 - can be replaced, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 identical or different H, a straight-chain or branched
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • Asymmetric carbon atoms of the dioxolane ring can be configured the same or differently, R or S.
  • R 1 straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 16 or 3 to 16 carbon atoms, where one or more non-adjacent and non-terminal CH 2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -O-CO- or -CO-O - can be replaced
  • R 2 , R 3 , R 4 are the same or different, H or an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 10 or 2 to 10 C atoms, where R 2 and R 3 together can also be - (CH 2 ) 5 -, A ⁇ A 2 , A 3 identical or different 1, 4-phenylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, Pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , ( 1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl, M ⁇ M 2 identical or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 -,
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • Asymmetric carbon atoms of the dioxolane ring can be configured the same or differently, R or S.
  • pyrimidine-2,5-diyl where one or two H atoms can be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, where one or two H atoms can be replaced by -CN and / or -CH 3 , (1, 3,4) -Thiadiazol-2,5-diyl, M ⁇ M 2 identical or different, -CO-O-, -O-CO-, -CH 2 -O-, -O-CH 2 - ,
  • -CH 2 -CH 2 -, -CH N-, a, b, c, d, e zero or one.
  • R 1 , R 2 are the same or different, straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 22 or 3 to 22 carbon atoms, and one or two non-adjacent and non-terminal CH2 groups by -O-, -CO-, -CO -O-, -O-CO- or -O-CO-O- can be replaced, and in which one or more H atoms can be replaced by F,
  • a ⁇ A 2 , A 3 the same or different, 1, 4-phenylene, one or two
  • liquid crystal components are produced by methods known per se to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, in Houben Weyl, methods of organic chemistry. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart or the cited writings.
  • the mixture is prepared by methods known per se.
  • the higher molecular weight component used according to the invention is preferably a polymer. It can be both inorganic and, preferably, organic.
  • Suitable types of higher molecular weight compounds are, for example, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polystyrenes.
  • Such polymers are known and commercially available.
  • the liquid crystal layer according to the invention generally contains 0.01 to 25, preferably 0.05 to 10, particularly preferably 0.1 to 4, very particularly preferably 0.5 to 2,% by weight of one or more higher molecular weight components. In general 1 to 3, preferably 1, higher molecular weight component is used.
  • the liquid crystal layer is produced from high and low molecular weight components by methods known per se and familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • one or more substances are admixed in a first step of a low molecular weight liquid crystal mixture which, after the display has been filled, can be polymerized to the desired matrix in a second step.
  • the components are, for example, monomers, and suitable initiators can also be present. This makes it easy to ensure that the liquid crystal can assume the structure suitable for operating the display, for example a surface-stabilized S c * phase (SSFLC).
  • SSFLC surface-stabilized S c * phase
  • the polymer can be produced, for example, by irradiation with electromagnetic radiation, preferably with a shorter wavelength than visible light, or by irradiation with ultrasound.
  • the monomers themselves can also be liquid crystalline. It is contained in the mixture in a proportion of up to 25%, preferably a proportion less than 10%, very particularly preferably less than 4% and particularly preferably less than 2%.
  • the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) display used according to the invention contains two carrier plates, these can be made of glass or, because of the flexibility, preferably plastic or one each made of glass and the other made of plastic.
  • Suitable plastics are, for example, known plastics such as polyarylates, polyether sulfone, cycloolefin copolymers, polyetherimides, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyesters, polymethyl methacrylates, and the like
  • Copolymers or blends are provided with conductive transparent layers, as well as orientation layers and possibly other auxiliary layers, such as insulation layers.
  • orientation layers such as obliquely vaporized SiO or, are suitable
  • Polymers e.g. Polyimides, such as nylon-6,6, which have been subjected to a rubbing step.
  • the decisive factor for the electro-optical properties and storage properties of the display is the approx. 1-3 ⁇ m thick FLC layer, the layer thickness, is preferably determined by spacers. These spacers can be mixed-in particles, such as spheres, or structured columns inside the display.
  • the entire cell can be electrically, for example by soldering, bonding, pressing or the like. be contacted.
  • the display is controlled with a voltage or voltage pulses by a suitable electronic circuit.
  • the control is generally direct or as a multiplex control (see, for example, Jean Dijon in Liquid Crystals, Application and Uses (Ed. B. Bahadur) Vol. 1, 1990, Chapter 13, pp. 305-
  • the electrode spacing is generally 1 to 3 ⁇ m, preferably at least 1.5 ⁇ m, particularly preferably at least 1.8 ⁇ m.
  • the production of the FLC display for the chip card according to the invention can thus basically follow known methods, as described, for example, by E. Lüder et al., 1997 International Symposium, Seminar & Exhibition, Society of Information Display, Boston, Massachusetts, Article 9.4, SID 97 DIGEST, pp. 109-1 12.
  • the FLC display is embedded or applied in or on a plastic card provided with one or more electronic microchips.
  • the microchips contain the program and / or memory functions which ensure the desired function of the chip card. Such chips and their manufacture are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the card also contains means for data exchange with an external write and / or read system, for example electrically conductive contacts or an "antenna" in the form of flat coils.
  • the card body is generally made of plastic, preferably
  • PVC Polyvinyl chloride
  • ABS acrylic-butadiene-styrene copolymers
  • Biopol® a biodegradable plastic, from renewable resources, from Monsanto, USA
  • the plastic cards used are known and the majority are commercially available (e.g. Gemplus, http://www.gemplus.fr).
  • Protocol type T 1, asynchronous half duplex block transmission protocol
  • the chip card according to the invention is suitable, for example, for access control, as a check card, electronic ticket, telephone card, parking garage card, "electronic wallet” or for Pay TV.
  • the invention is further illustrated by the following example, without wishing to restrict it thereby.
  • a flexible plastic film (available, for example, from Sumitomo Bakelite, product name FST 5352, thickness 100 ⁇ m, 200 ⁇ / indium tin oxide coated) is patterned in a photolithographic process so that an electrode pattern is obtained.
  • the transparent conductor tracks of this electrode structure are used for the electrical control of the display.
  • the substrates are coated with an orientation layer and rubbed with a roller. Two such structured foils, the top and bottom of the display - that is
  • Support plates - form are put together with the help of an adhesive frame and with a commercial ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture (®Felix M-4851, Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft, Frankfurt, Germany), in which 1, 0 wt .-% methyl methacrylate were dissolved, with the addition of a concentration of 0 , 5% by weight spacer balls with a diameter of 2 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive is hardened by careful heating, the cell is sealed, and the liquid crystal mixture is oriented by slowly cooling down to the operating temperature.
  • the polymerization is then carried out by irradiation with UV light, the temperature being kept constant so as not to impair the smectic layer structure.
  • the contacts of the electrodes of the switch cell which are led outwards are connected to the corresponding contacts or flat coils of the "chip card”. When a voltage of 10 V is applied, this cell can be operated at 25 ° C.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une carte à puce dotée d'un afficheur à cristaux ferro-électrique comprenant une couche de cristaux liquides ferro-électrique. Cette carte est caractérisée en ce que la couche de cristaux liquides contient au moins un composant de poids moléculaire élevé ne constituant pas en lui-même une phase ferro-électrique. L'afficheur selon l'invention peut être branché à des tensions </=15 V, généralement </=5 V. Il est enregistrable dans une large plage de températures et est particulièrement résistant aux contraintes quotidiennes, telles que la pression, le pliage, la déformation et les contraintes thermiques.
PCT/EP1998/004547 1997-07-25 1998-07-21 Carte a puce dotee d'un afficheur bistable pouvant etre charge mecaniquement Ceased WO1999005645A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19732161.5 1997-07-25
DE1997132161 DE19732161A1 (de) 1997-07-25 1997-07-25 Chipkarte mit mechanisch belastbarer bistabiler Anzeige

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1999005645A1 true WO1999005645A1 (fr) 1999-02-04

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ID=7836949

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PCT/EP1998/004547 Ceased WO1999005645A1 (fr) 1997-07-25 1998-07-21 Carte a puce dotee d'un afficheur bistable pouvant etre charge mecaniquement

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Country Link
DE (1) DE19732161A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999005645A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6864875B2 (en) 1998-04-10 2005-03-08 E Ink Corporation Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels
US7167155B1 (en) 1995-07-20 2007-01-23 E Ink Corporation Color electrophoretic displays

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19923138C1 (de) * 1999-05-20 2000-11-02 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Display zur Integration in kartenförmige Trägermedien
US6853412B2 (en) * 2002-02-28 2005-02-08 Eastman Kodak Company Transaction card with memory and polymer dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal display

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0447313A1 (fr) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Thomson-Csf Polymères cristaux liquides ferroélectriques
FR2731537A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-13 Gemplus Card Int Carte a puce avec dispositif d'affichage

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0447313A1 (fr) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Thomson-Csf Polymères cristaux liquides ferroélectriques
FR2731537A1 (fr) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-13 Gemplus Card Int Carte a puce avec dispositif d'affichage

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7167155B1 (en) 1995-07-20 2007-01-23 E Ink Corporation Color electrophoretic displays
US6864875B2 (en) 1998-04-10 2005-03-08 E Ink Corporation Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels
US7075502B1 (en) 1998-04-10 2006-07-11 E Ink Corporation Full color reflective display with multichromatic sub-pixels

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DE19732161A1 (de) 1999-01-28

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