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WO1997006589A1 - Batterie de condensateurs commutee par des thyristors - Google Patents

Batterie de condensateurs commutee par des thyristors Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1997006589A1
WO1997006589A1 PCT/DE1996/001345 DE9601345W WO9706589A1 WO 1997006589 A1 WO1997006589 A1 WO 1997006589A1 DE 9601345 W DE9601345 W DE 9601345W WO 9706589 A1 WO9706589 A1 WO 9706589A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thyristor
capacitor bank
capacitor
voltage
switched
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1996/001345
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kadry Sadek
Marcos-Antonio Pereira
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to AU65126/96A priority Critical patent/AU6512696A/en
Priority to EP96924762A priority patent/EP0842557A1/fr
Publication of WO1997006589A1 publication Critical patent/WO1997006589A1/fr
Priority to NO980034A priority patent/NO980034L/no
Priority to US09/018,605 priority patent/US5907234A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/18—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks
    • H02J3/1821—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators
    • H02J3/1835—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control
    • H02J3/1864—Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks using shunt compensators with stepless control wherein the stepless control of reactive power is obtained by at least one reactive element connected in series with a semiconductor switch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thyristor-switched capacitor bank with a thyristor switch and a capacitor bank.
  • a static compensator also called a static var compensator (SVC)
  • SVC static var compensator
  • SVC static var compensator
  • the nominal voltage on the secondary side enables you to optimally design the equipment with regard to its current and voltage control.
  • a direct connection can also be economical in medium-voltage networks up to 30 kV.
  • the capacitive power is provided via permanently connected or switched capacitors (capacitor bank), also referred to as a fixed capacitor (FC), or thyristor-switched capacitors, also referred to as a thyristor switched capacitor (TSC).
  • capacitor bank also referred to as a fixed capacitor (FC)
  • thyristor-switched capacitors also referred to as a thyristor switched capacitor (TSC).
  • a thyristor switch is normally used, which consists of several antiparallel thyristors connected in series.
  • the capacitor bank must then be provided with a protective choke in order to limit the inrush current steepness.
  • the use of mechanically switched capacitors is subject to operational restrictions. In order to keep balancing processes as low as possible when switching on and thus to avoid overstressing, the capacitor bank must always be discharged via a circuit breaker when switched on (eg via a discharge resistor or converter).
  • a thyristor as a switch has the advantage that the capacitor bank can be used from any state of charge and as often as required with the lowest possible compensation process can be switched on and off.
  • the "intelligence" of the control required for this is easy to implement in digital technology.
  • the inductive power is provided via choke coils.
  • TSR Thyristor Switched Reactor
  • TCR Thyristor Controlled Reactor
  • TCR Thyristor Switched Reactor
  • TSC Thyristor Switched Capacitor
  • the static compensator can in principle perform various control tasks. When used in transmission networks, this is primarily the task of voltage regulation. In this way, the static compensator can also help to limit operating frequency overvoltages, make a contribution to improving network stability and also dampen power fluctuations between subnetworks.
  • the SVC plant in Kemps Creek, Australia consists of a thyristor-connected choke (TSR) and two thyristor-switched capacitor banks (TSC).
  • TSR thyristor-connected choke
  • TSC thyristor-switched capacitor banks
  • the capacitor bank of the thyristor-connected capacitor bank should always be discharged when it is switched on.
  • the capacitor bank is at zero current crossing, i.e. at the time of maximum mains voltage, separated from the AC mains. If the discharge of the capacitor bank via a discharge circuit is a slow process in comparison to the oscillation period of the AC voltage, then twice the maximum mains voltage occurs at the thyristor switch after half an oscillation period. Relatively expensive thyristors with increased dielectric strength must be used for the thyristor switch, or several thyristor switches must be connected in series. If a misfire of a thyristor would occur at the worst time, the capacitor bank would be recharged to a maximum of three times the mains voltage amplitude.
  • the capacitor bank In order to have to dimension the thyristor switch only for a simple maximum mains voltage, which is of considerable advantage for economic reasons, the capacitor bank must be able to discharge itself quickly enough via a discharge circuit, at the longest during half a period of the alternating voltage.
  • the duration of half a period at a frequency is AC voltage of 50 Hz 10 ms.
  • the capacitor bank usually has a capacitance of the order of a few 100 ⁇ F. So that such a large capacitor bank can discharge at all in 10 ms, the discharge circuit must have a low resistance.
  • a pure ohmic resistance in the discharge circuit should be, for example, only a few ohms, which in practice represents a short circuit with a correspondingly high power loss for the capacitor, which cannot be tolerated when the capacitor bank is connected to the AC voltage network.
  • a reactive power compensator is known from EP 0 116 275 B1, a discharge circuit with at least one inductive reactance resistor being connected in parallel to a thyristor-connected capacitor bank, and a first control unit for the thyristor switch being provided, which comprises current and voltage measurement signals from an AC voltage network to be compensated Ignition signals for the thyristor switch are generated, the discharge circuit being permanently closed and the inductive reactance variable, such that it is larger in the operating state when the thyristor switch is closed and smaller in value when the thyristor switch is open.
  • An advantage of this embodiment is that the capacitor bank is discharged quickly and continuously after it has been switched off from the AC voltage network, without any expensive switching elements which are susceptible to faults and in the discharge circuit of the capacitor bank.
  • a discharge circuit choke with an iron core is provided as an inductive reactive resistor. The iron core is at least largely unsaturated with the current which flows through the choke when the thyristor switch is closed and is increasingly saturated with larger currents.
  • Their winding resistance is dimensioned so that the discharge of the capacitor bank corresponds to an RC discharge with a priori damping.
  • the discharge circuit choke acts through the saturation properties of its iron core in the discharge circuit as a variable reactance which is greater when the capacitor is connected to the AC network, ie when the thyristor switch is closed, than when the The capacitor bank is separated from the AC voltage network when the thyristor switch is open.
  • the difference between these two states is so considerable that in the first case only a small, unimportant current flows in the discharge case, while in the second case a large one, the capacitor bank, flows in less than half a period of time AC discharge current can flow.
  • the discharge circuit can be permanently closed. An interruption of the charging circuit during the connection of the capacitor bank to the AC network is not necessary. The result is that the valve voltage is relatively low and costs for expensive high-voltage thyristors are saved.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a thyristor-connected capacitor bank in which the valve voltage is likewise relatively low, with no special discharge circuit being used.
  • the capacitor bank of a thyristor-connected capacitor bank is divided into at least two capacitor groups connected in series, the capacitor group facing away from a capacitor group at the mains connection being provided with a parallel series circuit having a thyristor switch and a choke coil, a capacitive capacitor is obtained Voltage divider, so that the thyristor switch is loaded with a voltage value proportional to the voltage ratio.
  • the voltage of each thyristor switch corresponds to the voltage of the assigned capacitor group.
  • the thyristor switch can thus be dimensioned for a fraction of the maximum mains voltage.
  • Another advantage of this thyristor-switched capacitor bank according to the invention is that the capacities of an individual capacitor bank can be varied in stages which have a fraction of the total capacitance of the capacitor bank, depending on the combination of the thyristor switches that are switched on and off.
  • FIG. 1 shows a known thyristor-switched capacitor bank
  • FIG. 2 shows the course of the associated thyristor voltage in a diagram over time t
  • FIG. 3 shows the course of the associated thyristor current in a diagram over time t
  • FIG. 4 shows a thyristor-switched capacitor bank according to the invention, the associated thyristor voltage being shown in a diagram over time t in FIG. 5 and the course of the associated thyristor current in a diagram over time t.
  • FIG. 1 denotes a line of an electrical AC voltage network that is fed by a generator 4.
  • a transformer 6 is connected to this line 2, to whose secondary winding a thyristor-connected capacitor bank 10 is connected by means of a mains connection 12.
  • This thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 consists of a thyristor switch 14 and a capacitor. capacitor bank 16, which are electrically connected in series.
  • the thyristor switch 14 is constructed from anti-parallel thyristors 18 and 20.
  • the ignition electrodes of these thyristors 18 and 20 are connected to a control unit (not shown in more detail) which, from signals in the network in a manner known per se and therefore also not explained in more detail when required for reactive power in the AC network, provides phase-correct pulses for the thyristors 18 and 20 of the thyristor switch 14 ⁇ testifies.
  • the transformer 6 only serves to adapt the mains voltage to the voltage which was chosen for the thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 for economic reasons.
  • the thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 can also be connected directly to the network.
  • the capacitor bank 16 can be switched on or off in a very short time by means of the thyristor switch 14. The connection is done in such a way that no compensation processes occur. Since this cannot be achieved under all operating conditions, choke coils which limit the inrush current of the capacitor bank 16 are provided. These choke coils are not shown in this illustration because of the clarity.
  • Capacitor bank 16 at every moment of the mains voltage. If the capacitor bank 16 is separated from the AC voltage network by opening the thyristor switch 14, then the thyristor switch 14 takes over the capacitor voltage at the switching time and subsequently, with the change in the capacitor voltage and the mains voltage, the differential voltage from both. As a rule, the capacitor bank 16 is disconnected from the AC network at zero current crossing, i.e. at the time of maximum mains voltage.
  • the capacitor bank 16 would discharge only very slowly. This would have the consequence that at the time of Minimum of the mains voltage, the valve voltage u ⁇ h would be approximately twice as large as the mains voltage amplitude .
  • the thyristor switch 14 relatively expensive thyristors 18 and 20 with increased dielectric strength would have to be used or a plurality of thyristor switches 14 would have to be connected in series. If a misfire of a thyristor 18 or 20 of the thyristor switch 14 now occurs at the worst time, the capacitor bank 16 would be recharged to a maximum of three times the mains voltage amplitude.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 each show the time profiles of the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h and the thyristor current i ⁇ h for this thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 in a diagram over time t. It can be seen from these representations that the thyristor switch 14 is non-conductive during the period tl-to, since the thyristor current i ⁇ h is zero and the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h follows the AC voltage at the mains connection 12. At time t1, the thyristor switch 14 becomes conductive so that the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h becomes approximately zero. Since the thyristor switch 14 has an impedance, a residual voltage is shown in the illustration in FIG.
  • This residual voltage and the thyristor current i ⁇ h are subject to harmonics. These harmonics are related to the settling process of the thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10.
  • the thyristor switch 14 again becomes non-conductive. Regardless of when the switch-off command arrives, the thyristors 18 and 20 can only interrupt the current at their next zero crossing.
  • the capacitor bank 16 is charged with the peak value of the mains voltage, which now remains in the form of a direct voltage at the capacitor bank 16. The difference between the mains and capacitor voltage reflects the amount of voltage at the thyristor switch 14 in the switched-off state.
  • the voltage at the thyristor switch 14 therefore remains offset from the peak value of the mains voltage from the time t3 until the capacitor bank 16 has discharged. This turns the thyristor switch 14 increased stress (highest instantaneous value of the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h equal to twice the peak value of the mains voltage).
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 in accordance with the invention.
  • the capacitor bank 16 is divided into, for example, three capacitor groups 22, 24 and 26 connected in series.
  • a series circuit 28 of a thyristor switch 14 and a choke coil 30 are electrically connected in parallel to the capacitor groups 24 and 26.
  • the capacitor group 22, which is directly assigned to the mains connection 12 of the thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 has the largest capacitance value of the capacitor groups 22, 24, 26.
  • These capacitor groups 22, 24, 26 form a capacitive voltage divider.
  • the maximum voltage load of the thyristors 18 and 20 of the thyristor switches 14 can be predetermined by the choice of the capacitance values of the individual capacitor groups 24 and 26.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 each show in a diagram over time the time profiles of the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h and the thyristor current i ⁇ h for the embodiment of a thyristor-switched capacitor bank 10 according to FIG. 4. It can be seen from these representations that the thyristor switch 14 is non-conductive during the period t1-tO, since the thyristor current i ⁇ h is zero and the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h follows the AC voltage at the mains connection 12. At time t1, the thyristor switch 14 becomes conductive, so that the thyristor voltage u ⁇ h becomes zero.
  • the thyristor switch carries the thyristor current i ⁇ h , which is subject to harmonics as a result of the settling process.
  • the thyristor switch 14 becomes non-conductive again.
  • the voltage at the capacitor bank 16 starts from zero and builds up, as a result of which a shift in its course is caused.
  • the peak value of the voltage u ⁇ h therefore reaches twice the nominal value of the voltage at the mains connection 12 in the first half period.
  • the capacitor bank 16 is immediately discharged by the targeted ignition of the thyristor switches 14 by means of several current pulses. As a result, the voltage shift at the thyristor switch 14 is immediately canceled.
  • a) The capacitance of a thyristor-connected capacitor bank 10 can be varied in stages which have a fraction of the total capacitance of this capacitor bank, depending on the combination of thyristor switches 14 that are switched on and off.
  • the thyristor switches 14 do not have to be designed for the voltage of the entire capacitor bank of the thyristor-connected capacitor bank 10, but rather according to the voltage of the assigned capacitor group 24 or 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Power Conversion In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une batterie de condensateurs (10) commutée par des thyristors qui comprend un thyristor commutateur (14) et une batterie de condensateurs (16). Cette batterie de condensateurs (16) est subdivisée en au moins deux groupes de condensateurs (22, 24, 26) montés en série. Un montage en série composé d'un thyristor commutateur (14) et d'une bobine à inductance (30) est connecté en parallèle au groupe de condensateurs (24, 26) opposé au raccordement (12) au réseau du premier groupe de condensateurs (22). On obtient ainsi une batterie de condensateurs (10) commutée par des thyristors dont le thyristor commutateur (14) doit supporter uniquement une fraction de la tension simple du réseau, ce qui présente des avantages considérables du point de vue économique.
PCT/DE1996/001345 1995-08-04 1996-07-22 Batterie de condensateurs commutee par des thyristors Ceased WO1997006589A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU65126/96A AU6512696A (en) 1995-08-04 1996-07-22 Thyristor switched capacitor bank
EP96924762A EP0842557A1 (fr) 1995-08-04 1996-07-22 Batterie de condensateurs commutee par des thyristors
NO980034A NO980034L (no) 1995-08-04 1998-01-05 Tyristorstyrt kondensatorbank
US09/018,605 US5907234A (en) 1995-08-04 1998-02-04 Thyristor-switched capacitor bank

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19528766A DE19528766C1 (de) 1995-08-04 1995-08-04 Thyristorgeschaltete Kondensatorbank
DE19528766.5 1995-08-04

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/018,605 Continuation US5907234A (en) 1995-08-04 1998-02-04 Thyristor-switched capacitor bank

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1997006589A1 true WO1997006589A1 (fr) 1997-02-20

Family

ID=7768743

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1996/001345 Ceased WO1997006589A1 (fr) 1995-08-04 1996-07-22 Batterie de condensateurs commutee par des thyristors

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0842557A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU6512696A (fr)
CA (1) CA2228487A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19528766C1 (fr)
NO (1) NO980034L (fr)
WO (1) WO1997006589A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7402633B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2008-07-22 Lanxess Inc. Halogenated terpolymers of isobutylene, diolefin monomer and styrenic monomer
WO2008141963A3 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2009-01-29 Abb Technology Ag Appareil statique de compensateur de var
CN105656058A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-08 重庆明斯克电气有限责任公司 电容器机电同步开关动态投切电路及其控制方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE378719B (fr) * 1973-12-13 1975-09-08 Asea Ab
DE2804481A1 (de) * 1978-01-31 1979-08-02 Licentia Gmbh Verfahren zur steuerung der grundschwingungsblindleistung eines wechselstromnetzes
DE3464828D1 (en) * 1983-02-08 1987-08-20 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Reactive power compensator

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
D.J.MC DONALD ET AL: "MODELLING AND TESTING OF A THYRISTOR FOR THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATION", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 9, no. 1, January 1994 (1994-01-01), USA, pages 352 - 359, XP000465640 *
KARADY G G: "CONCEPT OF A COMBINED SHORT CIRCUIT LIMITER AND SERIES COMPENSATOR", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 6, no. 3, 1 July 1991 (1991-07-01), pages 1031 - 1037, XP000240192 *
LE DU A: "POUR UN RESEAU ELECTRIQUE PLUS PERFORMANT: LE PROJECT FACTS", REVUE GENERALE DE L'ELECTRICITE, no. 6, 1 June 1992 (1992-06-01), pages 105 - 121, XP000305763 *
PASERBA J J ET AL: "A THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIES COMPENSATION MODEL FOR POWER SYSTEM STABILITY ANALYSIS", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER DELIVERY, vol. 10, no. 3, 1 July 1995 (1995-07-01), pages 1471 - 1478, XP000557340 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7402633B2 (en) 1999-09-20 2008-07-22 Lanxess Inc. Halogenated terpolymers of isobutylene, diolefin monomer and styrenic monomer
WO2008141963A3 (fr) * 2007-05-18 2009-01-29 Abb Technology Ag Appareil statique de compensateur de var
US7986132B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2011-07-26 Abb Technology Ag Static var compensator apparatus
US8400119B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2013-03-19 Abb Technology Ag Static var compensator apparatus
US8519679B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2013-08-27 Abb Technology Ag Static var compensator apparatus
CN105656058A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-08 重庆明斯克电气有限责任公司 电容器机电同步开关动态投切电路及其控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO980034L (no) 1998-04-03
CA2228487A1 (fr) 1997-02-20
AU6512696A (en) 1997-03-05
EP0842557A1 (fr) 1998-05-20
DE19528766C1 (de) 1997-01-16
NO980034D0 (no) 1998-01-05

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