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WO1995018036A1 - Slotted keel with jet action - Google Patents

Slotted keel with jet action Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1995018036A1
WO1995018036A1 PCT/DE1993/001243 DE9301243W WO9518036A1 WO 1995018036 A1 WO1995018036 A1 WO 1995018036A1 DE 9301243 W DE9301243 W DE 9301243W WO 9518036 A1 WO9518036 A1 WO 9518036A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
keel
yacht
ballast
speed
less
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE1993/001243
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guenter J. Peters
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Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE4344740A priority Critical patent/DE4344740A1/en
Priority to PCT/DE1993/001243 priority patent/WO1995018036A1/en
Priority to DE4397735T priority patent/DE4397735D2/en
Priority to DE19522035A priority patent/DE19522035A1/en
Publication of WO1995018036A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995018036A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
    • B63B3/14—Hull parts
    • B63B3/38—Keels

Definitions

  • the invention is a fixed keel with ballast, as it can be installed for ocean-going yachts and sailing boats. So far, the keels have been mounted amidships on the underwater ship or integrated into the underwater ship during manufacture.
  • the invention aims to achieve a decisive improvement: the flow of the water filaments is no longer directed around both outer surfaces of the keel, but flows bundled amidships through the nozzle of the novel split keel.
  • the invention consists of two columns keel plates, Fig.1, the starboard (1) and port (2) are mounted and meet at a distance from the underwater ship.
  • the ballast (3) that is still required is arranged in the lowermost, outermost area of the plates. The space between the outer skin of the underwater hull, the two inner surfaces of the split keel plates and the top of the ballast body thus forms the nozzle (4).
  • the top of the ballast body should be designed according to the Venturi principle, Fig. 2, Section 7.
  • convex fillers are built into the gusset between the underwater hull outer skin and the inner surfaces of the slotted keel plates, as shown in Fig. 1, Section 5, which, when filled with light material, increase the buoyancy.
  • ballast in the permanently installed ballast is greater, so the faster the yacht sails, the stiffer it is. Conversely, this increase in ballast in heavy weather can be taken into account for a certain reduction in the ballast weight and thus for a reduction in the displacement.
  • the inlet openings of the crevices on the outside of the crevice gravel must be well rounded so that the water threads sucked in easily and laminarly connect with the jet stream - see.
  • Fig. 3 point 6.
  • the trailing edges of the nozzle are to be designed in such a way that there is no eddy formation - as outlined in Fig. 3, Section 8.
  • a further general improvement due to the column keel construction according to the invention can be expected in that the outflow from the nozzle is not swirled as strongly as in the "ploughshare effect" of the previous one-piece keel.
  • the more even and more powerful ammunition downstream requires less rudder laying, therefore less drift and less loss of speed.
  • the result of all these individual effects is an increase in speed with the same sailing capacity.
  • the two-fold reduction in drift brings a gain in height or speed as a further advantage of the novel construction.
  • the steered jet flow achieves greater course stability - especially on pre-wind courses - and, as a result, less and smoother rowing.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Special Spraying Apparatus (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
  • Aerodynamic Tests, Hydrodynamic Tests, Wind Tunnels, And Water Tanks (AREA)

Abstract

Current yachts have solid, ballasted keels which are integral with the outer skin of the hull amidships. Their effective area against drift becomes smaller, however, with increasing heel. In addition, they cause drag due to the Kármán vortex formed at the end of the keel. The keel design proposed consists of two slotted plates (1 and 2) which form a jet nozzle (4). Water flows into the jet nozzle to form a flow stream. The stream of water is reinforced by water sucked in from the outer surfaces of the keel through slots cut in the keel. When the yacht is under way, an underpressure builds up which acts to windward (9) on the outside surface of the windward keel plate, thus countering the heel of the yacht. The leeward keel plate, on the other hand, is almost horizontal when the yacht is heeled over, and the underpressure (10) acts on this side as "virtual ballast", the effect being greater the higher the speed of the yacht. The stream of water leaving the keel has a beneficial effect on steering, giving smaller tiller angles, less drift and less loss in speed. The net result of all these effects is an increase in speed and less heel for a given sail-carrying capacity. The keel design proposed can be fitted to any type of yacht. An additional advantage for the yacht-builder is that the problem of mounting the ballasted keel in the critical keel area no longer exists.

Description

Spalten kiel mit Düseneffekt Split keel with nozzle effect

1. Beschreibung1. Description

Bei der Erfindung handelt es sich um einen festen Kiel mit Ballast, wie er für Hochseeyachten und Segelboote zum Einbau kommen kann. Bisher werden die Kiele mittschiffs am Unterwasserschiff montiert oder bereits bei Herstellung in das Unterwasserschiff integriert.The invention is a fixed keel with ballast, as it can be installed for ocean-going yachts and sailing boats. So far, the keels have been mounted amidships on the underwater ship or integrated into the underwater ship during manufacture.

Bei der normalen Krängung auf See wird die "Aktionsfläche des Kiels gegen die Abtrift" infolge des Segeldrucks und der damit verbundenen Neigung der Yacht um ihre Längsachse kleiner, außerdem geht die Leeseite des Kiels in eine Art Gleitfläche über: die Abtrift wird also noch größer.In normal heeling at sea, the "action area of the keel against the drift" becomes smaller due to the pressure of the sail and the associated inclination of the yacht around its longitudinal axis. In addition, the leeward side of the keel changes into a kind of sliding surface: the drift is therefore even larger.

Die neueren Flügel kiel konstruktionen brachten Verbesserungen, aber keine entscheidende Änderung. Außerdem bei jener Kielkonstruktion in jedem Falle die KARMAN'sche Wirbelschleppe in Aktion; sie setzt am Ende des Kiels an und beeinflußt als weitere Folge jenes "Unterwasserpflugschareffekts" auch noch das Ruder negativ.The newer wing keel designs brought improvements, but not a decisive change. In addition, with that keel construction, the KARMAN vortex train in action; it starts at the end of the keel and, as a further consequence of that "underwater ploughshare effect", also negatively influences the rudder.

Hier will die Erfindung eine entscheidende Verbesserung erreichen: die Strömung der Wasserfäden wird nicht mehr um beide Aussenflächen des Kiels herumgeleitet, sondern strömt gebündelt mittschiffs durch die Düse des neuartigen Spalten kieles.Here, the invention aims to achieve a decisive improvement: the flow of the water filaments is no longer directed around both outer surfaces of the keel, but flows bundled amidships through the nozzle of the novel split keel.

Die Erfindung besteht aus zwei Spalten kiel platten, Fig.1 , die steuerbords (1 ) und backbords (2) montiert sind und mit Abstand zum Unterwasserschiff aufeinandertreffen. Der weiterhin erforderliche Ballast (3) wird im untersten, äussersten Bereich der Platten angeordnet Der Zwischenraum zwischen Aussenhaut Unterwasserschiff, den beiden Spaltenkielplatteninnen- flächen und der Oberseite des Ballastkörpers bildet damit die Düse (4).The invention consists of two columns keel plates, Fig.1, the starboard (1) and port (2) are mounted and meet at a distance from the underwater ship. The ballast (3) that is still required is arranged in the lowermost, outermost area of the plates. The space between the outer skin of the underwater hull, the two inner surfaces of the split keel plates and the top of the ballast body thus forms the nozzle (4).

Die das Unterwasserschiff umfliessenden Wasserfäden strömen in die offene Kielöffnung = Düsenanfang ein, vgl. Fig.2, vereinigen sich zu einem Strom und fließen am Ende der Spaltenkielplatten heraus, wie Fig.2 zeigt. Zur Verstärkung des Düseneffektes ist die Oberseite des Ballastkörpers nach dem Venturi-Prinzip zu gestalten, Fig.2, Ziff.7. Zur weiteren Lenkung und Vergleichmäßigung des Düsenstromes werden in den Zwickel zwischen Unterwasserschiff-Aussenhaut und den Spaltenkiel- platten-Innenflächen konvexe Füllkörper eingebaut, wie in Fig.1 , Ziff.5 dargestellt, die mit Leichtmaterial ausgeschäumt den Auftrieb vergrößern.The water threads flowing around the underwater ship flow into the open keel opening = nozzle start, cf. Fig.2, combine to form a stream and flow out at the end of the slit keel plates, as shown in Fig.2. To reinforce the nozzle effect, the top of the ballast body should be designed according to the Venturi principle, Fig. 2, Section 7. In order to further control and even out the jet stream, convex fillers are built into the gusset between the underwater hull outer skin and the inner surfaces of the slotted keel plates, as shown in Fig. 1, Section 5, which, when filled with light material, increase the buoyancy.

In die beiden Spaltenkieiplatten sind Spalten schräg hinein gefräst, wie Fig.3, Ziff.6 zeigt. Damit ist die gewählte Bezeichnung "Spaltenkiel " zweifach und umfassend definiert. Durch diese Spalten werden bei Fahrt weitere Wasserteilchen hineingesaugt und verstärken den Düsenstrom. Gleichzeitig baut sich auf der Luvfläche der lotrecht stehenden Spaltenkielplatte ein Unterdruck auf, der eine Drift nach Luv erzeugt und damit der Abtrift entgegenwirkt - wie Fig.4, Ziff.9 zeigt.Columns are milled diagonally into the two column keypads, as shown in Fig. 3, Section 6. The chosen designation "column keel" is thus defined twice and comprehensively. Through these gaps further water particles are sucked in while driving and intensify the jet stream. At the same time, a negative pressure builds up on the windward surface of the vertically standing column keel plate, which creates a drift towards windward and thus counteracts the drift - as shown in Fig. 4, Section 9.

Auf der Aussenfläche der Lee-Spaltenkielplatte ist der Vorgang der gleiche, doch der Nebeneffekt hat hier eine andere Funktion: Bei der normalen Krängung der Yacht auf See liegt die Lee-Spaltenkielplatte nahezu waage¬ recht: Fig.4. Die in die Spalten hineinströmenden Wasserfäden erzeugen ebenfalls einen Unterdruck (10), den man hier als "virtuellen Ballast" definieren kann.The process is the same on the outer surface of the Lee column keel plate, but the side effect has a different function here: in the normal heeling of the yacht at sea, the Lee column keel plate lies almost horizontally: Fig. 4. The water threads flowing into the gaps also create a negative pressure (10), which can be defined here as "virtual ballast".

Der Anteil des "virtuellen Ballastes" am fest eingebauten Ballast wird umso größer, mithin die Yacht umso steifer, je schneller sie segelt. Diesen Zuwachs an Ballast bei schwerem Wetter kann man umgekehrt für eine gewisse Reduzierung des Ballastgewichtes und somit für eine Verkleinerung der Verdrängung in Rechnung setzen.The proportion of the "virtual ballast" in the permanently installed ballast is greater, so the faster the yacht sails, the stiffer it is. Conversely, this increase in ballast in heavy weather can be taken into account for a certain reduction in the ballast weight and thus for a reduction in the displacement.

Zur Erzielung des optimalen Effekts sind die Eintrittsöffnungen der Spalten auf den Spaltenkieiaussenflächen gut ausgerundet auszubilden, damit die hineingesaugten Wasserfäden sich leicht und möglichst laminar mit dem Düsenstrom verbinden - s. Fig.3, Ziff.6. Die Austrittskanten der Düse sind so zu gestalten, daß möglichst keine Wirbelbildung entsteht - wie in Fig.3, Ziff.8 skizziert.In order to achieve the optimal effect, the inlet openings of the crevices on the outside of the crevice gravel must be well rounded so that the water threads sucked in easily and laminarly connect with the jet stream - see. Fig. 3, point 6. The trailing edges of the nozzle are to be designed in such a way that there is no eddy formation - as outlined in Fig. 3, Section 8.

Eine weitere generelle Verbesserung durch die erfindungsgemäße Spalten¬ kiel konstruktion ist dadurch zu erwarten, daß der Abstrom aus der Düse nicht so stark verwirbelt wird wie beim "Pflugschareffekt" des bisherigen einteiligen Kiels. Der gleichmäßigere und stärker mittschiffs verlaufende Abstrom benötigt weniger Ruderlegen, damit weniger Abtrift und weniger Geschwindigkeitsverlust. Das Resultat aller dieser Einzeleffekte ist ein Geschwindigkeitszuwachs bei gleichgebliebenem Segeitragvermögen. Dazu bringt die zweimalige Verringe¬ rung an Abtrift einen Gewinn an Höhe, bzw. an Geschwindigkeit als weiteren Vorteil der neuartigen Konstruktion. Endlich wird durch die gelenkte Düsenströmung eine größere Kursstabilität - angenehm insbesondere auf Vor-Wind-Kursen - und als Folge weniger und sanfteres Ruderlegen erreicht. A further general improvement due to the column keel construction according to the invention can be expected in that the outflow from the nozzle is not swirled as strongly as in the "ploughshare effect" of the previous one-piece keel. The more even and more powerful ammunition downstream requires less rudder laying, therefore less drift and less loss of speed. The result of all these individual effects is an increase in speed with the same sailing capacity. In addition, the two-fold reduction in drift brings a gain in height or speed as a further advantage of the novel construction. Finally, the steered jet flow achieves greater course stability - especially on pre-wind courses - and, as a result, less and smoother rowing.

Claims

Patentansp rüche Claims 1. Fester Ballastkiel für Segelyachten, der aus zwei Platten besteht, die an der Steuerbord-d ) und der Backbordseite (2) des Unterwasserschiffes montiert sind, sich unter dem Unterwasserschiff treffen, mit dazwischenlie¬ gendem Ballastkörper (3), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zwischenraum zwischen Yachtaussenhaut, Spalten kiel-Innenf lachen und Baiiastkörper-Ober- seite eine Düse (4) bildet, vgl. Fig.4.1. Fixed ballast keel for sailing yachts, which consists of two plates, which are mounted on the starboard-d) and port side (2) of the underwater ship, meet under the underwater ship, with ballast body (3) in between, characterized in that the space between the outer skin of the yacht, the inner keel of the keel and the top of the body of the body forms a nozzle (4), cf. Fig. 4. 2. Kiel nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Austrittsöffnung als einseitig scharf geschliffene Schneide ausgebildet ist, Fig.3, Ziff.(8). Die Ballastkörperoberseite ist nach dem Venturi-prinzip zu gestalten, Fig.2, Ziff.(7).2. Keel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet opening is designed as a sharpened cutting edge on one side, Figure 3, point (8). The top of the ballast body is to be designed according to the Venturi principle, Fig. 2, point (7). 3. Kiel nach Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in beide Spalten kiel platten Spalten (6) schräg hineingefräst sind, die den Zufluß der Wasserfäden und ihre Vereinigung mit dem Düsenstrom leicht ermöglichen, vgl. Fig.3.3. Keel according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in both columns keel flat columns (6) are milled obliquely, which allow the inflow of water threads and their union with the jet stream easily, see. Fig. 3. 4. Kiel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen Unterwasserschiff und jeweiliger Spaltenkielplatten-Innenfläche ein konvex geformtes Element (5) eingebaut wird, um die tote Ecke und damit uner¬ wünschte Wirbelbildung zu vermeiden. Die Zwickel sollten mit Leichtmaterial ausgeschäumt werden, um so noch einen Zuwachs an Auftrieb zu erhalten.4. Keel according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a convex-shaped element (5) is installed between the underwater ship and the respective inner surface of the column keel plate in order to avoid the dead corner and thus undesired eddy formation. The gussets should be foamed with light material in order to get an increase in buoyancy. 5. Kiel nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Folge des Umlenkens der Strömung der Wasserfäden durch die gefrästen Spalten in den Düsenstrom hinein auf der Aussenfläche der Luv-Spalten kiel platte ein Unterdruck (9) entsteht, der als Auftrieb der Abtrift der Yacht entgegen¬ wirkt, vgl. Fig.4.5. Keel according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that as a result of the deflection of the flow of water threads through the milled columns in the jet stream into the outer surface of the windward columns keel plate a negative pressure (9) is created, which acts as a buoyancy of the drift counteracts the yacht, cf. Fig. 4. 6. Kiel nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bei Fahrt sich gleichzeitig aufbauende Unterdruck auf der Aussenfläche der Lee-Spaltenkielplatte als zusätzlicher "virtueller Ballast" (10) hinzukommt. Dessen Wirkung wird umso größer, je schneller die Yacht segelt.6. Keel according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the vacuum which builds up at the same time when traveling is added as an additional "virtual ballast" (10) on the outer surface of the Lee column keel plate. The faster the yacht sails, the greater its impact. 7. Kiel nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweima¬ lige Verringerung der Abtrift- an der Luv-Spaltenkielplatte und an der Luvfläche des Ruders - einen Geschwindigkeitsgewinn zur Folge hat. 7. Keel according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the two-dimensional reduction of the drift on the windward slit keel plate and on the windward surface of the rudder - results in a gain in speed. 8. Kiel nach Ansprüchen 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der sich in Fahrt aufbauende "virtuelle Ballast" als eine Verkleinerung der Verdrän¬ gung in Rechnung gesetzt und damit bei gleichgebliebenem Segeitrag¬ vermögen ebenfalls eine Steigerung der Geschwindigkeit erreicht wird.8. Keel according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the "virtual ballast" building up in travel is taken into account as a reduction in the displacement and thus an increase in speed is also achieved with the same carrying capacity. 9. Kiel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das direkte Anströmen des Ruders durch die Düsenströmung und den Fortfall der bisherigen KARMÄN'schen Wirbelschleppen geringeres Ruderlegen erfor¬ derlich macht, damit weniger Vortriebsverlust und dazu geringere Abtrift die positiven Folgen sind, die wiederum einen Geschwindigkeitsgewinn bedeuten.9. keel according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the direct flow against the rudder through the nozzle flow and the elimination of the previous KARMÄN vortex towing requires less ruddering, so that less loss of propulsion and less drift are the positive consequences, which in turn means a gain in speed. 10. Kiel nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die durch die beiden Spalten kiel platten und die Oberseite des Ballastgewichts gelenkte Düsenströmung größere Kursstabilität - insbesondere bei achter¬ lichen Winden - zur Folge hat und damit weniger und sanfteres Ruderiegen erforderlich macht. 10. Keel according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the keel through the two columns keel and the top of the ballast weight directed nozzle flow greater course stability - in particular with achter¬ Liche winds - has the consequence and thus less and gentler rowing required.
PCT/DE1993/001243 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Slotted keel with jet action Ceased WO1995018036A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4344740A DE4344740A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Split keel with jet effect for yachts
PCT/DE1993/001243 WO1995018036A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Slotted keel with jet action
DE4397735T DE4397735D2 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Split keel with a jet effect
DE19522035A DE19522035A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1995-06-17 Keel construction for yacht

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4344740A DE4344740A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Split keel with jet effect for yachts
PCT/DE1993/001243 WO1995018036A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Slotted keel with jet action

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995018036A1 true WO1995018036A1 (en) 1995-07-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE1993/001243 Ceased WO1995018036A1 (en) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Slotted keel with jet action

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (3) DE4397735D2 (en)
WO (1) WO1995018036A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2408487A (en) * 2004-12-20 2005-06-01 Jonathan Sebastian Howes Waterborne vessel with a loop keel
US7841285B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2010-11-30 Jonathan Sebastian Howes Waterborne vessel with loop keel

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE544574C2 (en) * 2020-07-06 2022-07-26 Candela Tech Ab A hydrofoil vessel

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405864A1 (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-05-11 Biart Jean Pierre Wind-surfer with moulded hull - has removable ballast located in cylinder at base of keel fin
WO1983000129A1 (en) * 1981-06-30 1983-01-20 Akerblom, Bengt Flow-modifying element, especially a rudder
GB2177353A (en) * 1985-07-09 1987-01-21 Basil Cameron Rennie Boat keel
EP0209130A1 (en) * 1985-07-17 1987-01-21 Wolf-Dietrich Zander A sealing lip assembly for surfboards and sailboats
FR2621292A1 (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-04-07 Sarvis Oy Keel structure in connection with the hull of a navigation vessel

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3337924C2 (en) * 1983-10-19 1986-07-24 Hermann von Dr.-Phys. 5307 Wachtberg Issendorff Profile variable keel
DE3619962A1 (en) * 1986-06-13 1987-12-17 Erika Mack Device for reducing the lateral drifting of water craft in particular water craft which travel under sail
ES2035127T3 (en) * 1987-03-13 1993-04-16 Gunter Spranger DEFLATED PROFILE DEVICE, ACTING ON A LIQUID OR GASEOUS FLUID THAT FLOWS AROUND IT AND PRESENTS STRIPPED PROFILED FINS TO IMPROVE EFFICIENCY.
DE3939437A1 (en) * 1989-11-29 1991-06-06 Walter Loidl Yacht with device to counteract heeling over - which is formed by hinged flaps fitted in openings in keel
DE4334496A1 (en) * 1993-10-09 1995-04-13 Triebel Georg Laminar flow body for controlling watercraft

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2405864A1 (en) * 1977-10-17 1979-05-11 Biart Jean Pierre Wind-surfer with moulded hull - has removable ballast located in cylinder at base of keel fin
WO1983000129A1 (en) * 1981-06-30 1983-01-20 Akerblom, Bengt Flow-modifying element, especially a rudder
GB2177353A (en) * 1985-07-09 1987-01-21 Basil Cameron Rennie Boat keel
EP0209130A1 (en) * 1985-07-17 1987-01-21 Wolf-Dietrich Zander A sealing lip assembly for surfboards and sailboats
FR2621292A1 (en) * 1987-10-06 1989-04-07 Sarvis Oy Keel structure in connection with the hull of a navigation vessel

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7841285B2 (en) 2003-12-23 2010-11-30 Jonathan Sebastian Howes Waterborne vessel with loop keel
GB2408487A (en) * 2004-12-20 2005-06-01 Jonathan Sebastian Howes Waterborne vessel with a loop keel
GB2408487B (en) * 2004-12-20 2006-03-15 Jonathan Sebastian Howes Waterborne vessel with keel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4397735D2 (en) 1997-01-16
DE4344740A1 (en) 1995-06-29
DE19522035A1 (en) 1996-12-19

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