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US20200078814A1 - Coating installation and corresponding coating method - Google Patents

Coating installation and corresponding coating method Download PDF

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Publication number
US20200078814A1
US20200078814A1 US16/468,694 US201716468694A US2020078814A1 US 20200078814 A1 US20200078814 A1 US 20200078814A1 US 201716468694 A US201716468694 A US 201716468694A US 2020078814 A1 US2020078814 A1 US 2020078814A1
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
station
paint
application
painting
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US16/468,694
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English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Georg Fritz
Benjamin Wöhr
Marcus Kleiner
Moritz Bubek
Timo Beyl
Frank Herre
Steffen Sotzny
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Duerr Systems AG
Original Assignee
Duerr Systems AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Duerr Systems AG filed Critical Duerr Systems AG
Assigned to DÜRR SYSTEMS AG reassignment DÜRR SYSTEMS AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BEYL, TIMO, FRITZ, HANS-GEORG, HERRE, FRANK, SOTZNY, STEFFEN, WÖHR, Benjamin, BUBEK, Moritz, KLEINER, MARCUS
Publication of US20200078814A1 publication Critical patent/US20200078814A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B16/00Spray booths
    • B05B16/20Arrangements for spraying in combination with other operations, e.g. drying; Arrangements enabling a combination of spraying operations
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the objects being vehicle components, e.g. vehicle bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/14Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means with multiple outlet openings; with strainers in or outside the outlet opening
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05BSPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to three-dimensional [3D] surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/26Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by applying the liquid or other fluent material from an outlet device in contact with, or almost in contact with, the surface
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/36Successively applying liquids or other fluent materials, e.g. without intermediate treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/14Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05DPROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50Multilayers
    • B05D7/56Three layers or more
    • B05D7/57Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
    • B05D7/577Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat some layers being coated "wet-on-wet", the others not

Definitions

  • the disclosure concerns a painting installation for the painting of components with a paint, in particular for the painting of car body components. Furthermore, the disclosure concerns a corresponding painting process.
  • atomizers e.g. rotary atomizers, air atomizers, airmix atomizers, airless atomizers, etc.
  • a disadvantage of these well-known atomizers is the fact that only part of the applied paint deposits on the surface of the vehicle body components to be coated, while the rest of the applied paint has to be disposed of as so-called overspray or is deposited on other areas of the component to be coated where no paint is to be deposited.
  • a so-called paint separation system is located under the actual paint booth, which removes the unwanted overspray from the downward flowing booth air.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view through a conventional painting installation with a paint booth 1 on an upper floor 2 and a paint separation 3 on a lower floor 4 .
  • the construction of the painting installation with the two floors 2 , 4 one above the other requires a steel construction 5 or alternatively a concrete ceiling with a cut-out to lift the paint booth above the level of the paint separation 3 , so that the air flowing downwards from the paint booth 1 can enter the paint separation 3 through the grid floor, as schematically indicated by the arrows.
  • a conveyor 6 runs at right angles to the drawing plane, with the conveyor 6 conveying the vehicle body components to be painted through the painting installation at right angles to the drawing plane.
  • Multi-axis painting robots 8 are arranged on both sides of the conveyor 6 , each of which guides a rotary atomizer 9 as an application device.
  • An example of the design and construction of the paint separation 3 is described in DE 20 2006 021 158 U1. It should also be mentioned that the steel structure 5 rests on a concrete foundation 10 .
  • a main disadvantage of this well-known structure of a painting installation is the fact that paint separation 3 is necessary at all, since the paint separation 3 requires water, chemicals, stone flour and/or cardboard filters.
  • FIG. 1 a cross-sectional view through a conventional painting installation with a paint separation under the paint booth
  • FIG. 2A a cross-sectional view through a paint booth according to the disclosure
  • FIG. 2B a modification of FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 2C a modification of FIG. 2A .
  • FIG. 3 shows an example of a painting method according to the disclosure in the form of a flow chart
  • FIG. 4 a modification of FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 a modification of FIG. 3 with a 3-wet process
  • FIG. 6 another modification of a painting process according to the disclosure
  • FIG. 7 a modification of FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 8 another modification
  • FIG. 9 a schematic illustration of the painting of wrap-arounds around component edges.
  • the disclosure is therefore based on the task of creating a correspondingly improved painting installation and a corresponding painting method.
  • the painting installation according to the disclosure first has at least one first paint booth in which the components to be painted are painted by an application device.
  • a rotary atomizer is not used as the application device—as in the conventional structure of a painting installation described at the beginning and shown in FIG. 1 —but rather a print head which essentially works without overspray, so that the paint applied by the application device is deposited essentially completely on the component to be coated without overspray.
  • printheads are known from the state of the art and are described for example in DE 10 2013 002 412 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 9,108,424 B2 and DE 10 2010 019 612 A1.
  • the term “printhead” used in the disclosure is to be understood generally and is not limited to the specific printheads described in the above publications. Rather, the term “print head” used in the context of the disclosure merely serves to distinguish between atomizers that emit a spray of the paint to be applied.
  • a print head according to the disclosure emits a spatially narrowly limited jet of coating medium, which can be formed either as a droplet jet or as a jet of coating medium, which is continuous in the longitudinal direction of the jet.
  • the disclosure provides for the elimination of the time-consuming separation of paint under the first paint booth.
  • the disclosure does not only claim protection for painting installations where all paint booths are designed without an associated paint separation. Rather, the disclosure also claims protection for a painting installation with several paint booths, whereby at least one of the paint booths works with an overspray-free print head as an application device and therefore has no associated paint separation, while the other paint booths can rather use conventional atomizers (e.g. rotary atomizers) as an application device.
  • conventional atomizers e.g. rotary atomizers
  • overspray-free print heads with overspray-generating atomizers in a painting line is advantageous because, for example, so-called wrap-around component edges are difficult to paint with the currently known print heads. It therefore makes sense to continue painting these areas (e.g. wrap-around component edges) with conventional atomizers (e.g. rotary atomizers).
  • wrap-around creates the layer of paint produced during electrostatic painting, which is deposited in the effective area of the field lines, which could not be coated without the effect of the field lines.
  • the overspray-free print heads are preferably used for painting the outer surfaces of the components to be painted, while the overspray-generating atomizers can be used for painting the inner surfaces of the components to be painted or for painting the above-mentioned wrap-arounds at the edges of the components.
  • the first paint booth with the overspray-free print heads can be arranged at floor level without the steel construction described above, especially directly on a floor foundation.
  • the renunciation of a paint separation thus also allows the combination of overspray-free print heads with overspray-generating atomizers in a painting line to dispense with the steel construction described above and thus enables the arrangement of the at least one overspray-free paint booth directly on a floor foundation which is arranged at the level of the grating of the paint booth with overspray separation.
  • the conveyor for conveying the components to be painted can also be arranged at floor level and, in particular, directly on the floor foundation, which is also advantageous.
  • the conveyor can run at floor level over the entire length of the painting installation.
  • the first paint booth with the overspray-free print heads as application device is arranged at floor level, whereas the other paint booths with the atomizers as application device are arranged in the conventional way above a paint separation.
  • the components to be painted must be lowered or raised as they pass through the painting line.
  • the painting line can run on an upper assembly level, as is known from the state of the art. If the paint booth with the overspray-free print heads is now arranged at floor level, the components to be painted must be discharged from the upper paint line to the bottom and then returned to the top, which can be done using a lift, for example.
  • the paint booth with the overspray-free print heads may be located to the side of the actual main painting line, which, however, also requires the components to be painted to be introduced or discharged again.
  • the painting installation has an interior paint booth and an exterior paint booth, which are arranged one behind the other along the painting line and through which the components to be painted pass one after the other.
  • the interior paint booth the inner surfaces of the components to be painted are painted.
  • the exterior paint booth on the other hand, the exterior surfaces of the components to be painted are painted. The aforementioned wrap-around component edges are then painted either in the interior paint booth or in the exterior paint booth, so that these paint booths have an extended painting scope.
  • the painting line preferably has a certain cycle time with which the components to be painted are coated.
  • the cycle time of the paint booth with the overspray-free print heads is then preferably longer than the cycle time of the main painting line, for example by 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%, 200%, 300% or 500%.
  • the cycle time of the paint booth with the overspray-free print heads is equal to or less than the cycle time of the main spray line.
  • the painting installation has the following painting stations (e.g. paint booths) which are arranged one behind the other along a painting line so that the components to be painted are conveyed through the stations one after the other in a filling process:
  • painting stations e.g. paint booths
  • an atomizer e.g. rotary atomizer
  • a second filler station for applying a filler layer to the outer surface of the component, the application in the second filler station using an overspray-free applicator, in particular with a print head.
  • a first drying station for drying the filler layer on the component.
  • a second base coat station for applying the first base coat layer to the outer surface of the component to be coated, the application being carried out in the second base coat layer with an overspray-free applicator.
  • a third base coat station for applying a second base coat layer to the outer surface of the component to be painted, the application being carried out in the third base coat station by an overspray-free applicator or by an atomizer.
  • a second drying station for intermediate drying of the first base coat layer and the second base coat layer.
  • a second clear coat station for applying a clear coat layer to the outer surface of the component to be coated, the application being carried out in the second clear coat station by an overspray-free applicator, in particular by a print head.
  • a third drying station for drying the clear coat layer is
  • a fillerless process is used.
  • a so-called “3-wet process” is provided.
  • a filler is optionally applied in a first station, which can be done by means of a conventional atomizer. It should be mentioned here that a wrap-around is required for all paint layers. The remaining steps then correspond to the steps described above with the exception of the 3-wet process.
  • first base coat layer instead of the filler.
  • a second base coat can then optionally be applied as a top coat and optionally with a metallic effect.
  • a clear coat can be applied. This, too, is preferably a primerless coating process.
  • a base coat can first be applied to the component to be painted, which can be done using a conventional atomizer.
  • the desired decor e.g. graphic
  • the decor is then protected with a clear coat layer.
  • the paint booth without paint separation comprises an air duct with a supply air duct and an exhaust air duct.
  • the supply air duct can be realised as a supply air ceiling, while the exhaust air ducting can be designed as an exhaust air floor.
  • the exhaust air duct can have exhaust air ducts on the floor, e.g. next to the body, under the body or on the cabin wall.
  • the supply air could also come from ducts on the ceiling.
  • the supply and exhaust air is also necessary without paint separation, as paint is still being applied to the car. For example, the solvents still have to be removed and the paint has to evaporate.
  • FIG. 2A shows a cross-sectional view of a paint booth 1 according to the disclosure, partially identical with the conventional paint booth 1 shown in FIG. 1 , so that reference is made to the above description to avoid repetition, using the same reference marks for corresponding details.
  • a feature of this design example is that print heads 11 , which are guided by the painting robots 8 , are used as the application device instead of the rotary atomizers 9 .
  • the print heads 11 do not emit a spray of the paint to be applied, but a narrowly confined jet of coating agent and are therefore essentially free of overspray. This offers the advantage that the paint separation 3 can be dispensed with. Rather, there is only one exhaust air duct 12 below the paint booth 1 , through which the downward air flow in the paint booth 1 can be discharged.
  • FIG. 2B shows another modification, so that to avoid repetitions, reference is made again to the above description, using the same reference symbols for corresponding details.
  • a special feature of this example is that the conveyor 6 for conveying the motor vehicle body components 7 is arranged directly on the concrete foundation 10 ′.
  • the painting installation according to the disclosure therefore only has to have a single floor, since no separate floor is required for the paint separation 3 . This in turn allows the painting installation to be installed in relatively low halls. However, this only applies if overspray-free application equipment is used exclusively.
  • FIG. 2C shows a further modification so that the above description is referred to again in order to avoid repetitions, whereby the same reference symbols are used for corresponding details.
  • FIG. 2C shows a modification according to the disclosure in which an overspray-free paint booth 1 ′ is connected to the paint booth 1 with the paint separation 3 (overspray separation).
  • the concrete foundation 10 ′ of the overspray-free paint booth 1 ′ is arranged at the same height as the grating of the paint booth 1 with the paint separation 3 (overspray separation).
  • FIG. 3 shows a flow chart to illustrate an example of a painting process according to the disclosure with a filler.
  • a filler is applied in the conventional way by means of a atomizer to the inner surfaces of the vehicle body components to be painted and around the edges of the component.
  • a filler is then applied to the outer surfaces of the vehicle body components to be painted using an overspray-free print head.
  • a step S 4 then provides for a first base coat layer to be applied to the inner surfaces of the vehicle body components and around the edges of the component by means of an atomizer.
  • a first base coat layer is applied to the outer surfaces of the vehicle body components using an overspray-free print head.
  • Step S 6 then involves applying a second base coat layer to the outer surfaces of the vehicle body component using an overspray-free print head.
  • a step S 7 the vehicle body components are then dried.
  • a step S 8 then provides for a clear coat to be applied to the inner surfaces and around the edges of the component by an atomizer.
  • a clear coat is then applied to the outer surfaces of the vehicle body components using an overspray-free print head.
  • step S 10 the vehicle body components are then finally dried.
  • the entire painting line runs through all the painting cabins on an upper floor, so that there is no difference in height between the painting cabins with the atomizers and the painting cabins with the overspray-free print heads.
  • the paint booths with the overspray-free print heads can then also have a steel or concrete construction so that these paint booths are at the same height level as the other paint booths with the overspray-generating atomizers.
  • the paint booths with the overspray-free print heads can also be installed on solid false ceilings and/or without recesses or basements.
  • the paint booths with the overspray-free print heads are lowered, since they do not require paint separation.
  • it is necessary to overcome the difference in height which is done by means of a discharge A or an infeed E.
  • This discharge A or the infeed E from the elevated painting line or into the elevated painting line can be carried out, for example, by means of a lift.
  • FIG. 4 shows a modification of the example according to FIG. 3 , so that to avoid repetitions, reference is made to the above description, using the same reference signs for corresponding details.
  • a feature of this example is that it is a primerless painting process.
  • step S 1 therefore, no filler is applied, but a precoat or a BC0, which can be done using a print head.
  • step S 2 either evaporation or intermediate drying takes place.
  • this painting process essentially corresponds to the painting process described above and shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 shows a further modification, which in turn partially corresponds to the examples given in FIGS. 3 and 4 , so that reference is made to the above description in order to avoid repetitions, whereby the same reference signs are used for corresponding details.
  • a feature of this example is that it is a so-called 3-wet process.
  • a filler is optionally applied inside and on the wrap-around by means of a atomizer.
  • a filler is then applied to the outer surfaces of the vehicle body components, which can be done using an overspray-free print head.
  • FIG. 6 shows another simple example.
  • a first base coat layer is applied instead of a filler, i.e. the base coat layer also has a filler function.
  • a second base coat layer is applied, which can also have a metallic effect.
  • a clear coat layer is applied in step S 3 .
  • FIG. 7 shows another example of a coating process based on the disclosure.
  • a precoat with a filler function is applied.
  • a first base coat layer is then applied in step S 2 and a second base coat layer in step S 3 .
  • a clear coat layer is applied in step S 4 .
  • a conventional paint structure with filler and base coat is first applied using an atomizer.
  • a decor is then applied, which can be done using an overspray-free print head. Then a clear coat layer is applied.
  • FIG. 9 shows a simplified and schematic cross-sectional view through a component edge 13 of a component, such as a car body component.
  • the component edge 30 is flanged and sealed with a flange seam seal 14 .
  • the outer surfaces 15 of the motor vehicle body component are coated with a paint layer 21 by an overspray-free print head 16
  • the inner surfaces 17 of the component are coated with a paint layer 20 by a conventional atomizer 18 .
  • the component edge 13 is coated with the paint layer 19 , which is also applied by the atomizer 18 , by the electrostatic wrap-around.
  • the coating of the wrap-around area and the component edge 13 with the atomizer 18 instead of the print head 16 is advantageous, since the coating of extremely strongly curved surfaces with a very small radius of curvature with the print heads 16 is so far only very badly possible.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Details Or Accessories Of Spraying Plant Or Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US16/468,694 2016-12-14 2017-12-01 Coating installation and corresponding coating method Abandoned US20200078814A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016014953.1 2016-12-14
DE102016014953.1A DE102016014953A1 (de) 2016-12-14 2016-12-14 Lackieranlage und entsprechendes Lackierverfahren
PCT/EP2017/081105 WO2018108567A1 (de) 2016-12-14 2017-12-01 Lackieranlage und entsprechendes lackierverfahren

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US17/740,537 Active US11975345B2 (en) 2016-12-14 2022-05-10 Coating installation and corresponding coating method

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EP (1) EP3554719B1 (es)
JP (1) JP6991217B2 (es)
CN (1) CN110072635B (es)
DE (1) DE102016014953A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2880929T3 (es)
HU (1) HUE055219T2 (es)
MX (1) MX2019006967A (es)
PL (1) PL3554719T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2018108567A1 (es)

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