US20200018082A1 - Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete which comprises a coffer with a sheet and four plates disposed on the perimeter of the sheet - Google Patents

Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete which comprises a coffer with a sheet and four plates disposed on the perimeter of the sheet Download PDF

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Publication number: US20200018082A1
Authority: US; United States
Prior art keywords: plate; sheet; hole; support; plates
Prior art date: 2016-12-26
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Abandoned

Application number

US16/474,042

Other languages

English (en)

Inventor

Domingo De Guzman Claro Carrascal

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2016-12-26

Filing date

2017-12-23

Publication date

2020-01-16

2017-12-23 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

2020-01-16 Publication of US20200018082A1 publication Critical patent/US20200018082A1/en

Status Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/14—Bracing or strutting arrangements for formwalls; Devices for aligning forms
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/40—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings
- E04G11/46—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings of hat-like or trough-like shape encasing a rib or the section between two ribs or encasing one rib and its adjacent flat floor or ceiling section
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/16—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material
- E04B1/166—Structures made from masses, e.g. of concrete, cast or similarly formed in situ with or without making use of additional elements, such as permanent forms, substructures to be coated with load-bearing material with curved surfaces, at least partially cast in situ in order to make a continuous concrete shell structure
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B1/3205—Structures with a longitudinal horizontal axis, e.g. cylindrical or prismatic structures
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B5/326—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with hollow filling elements
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/38—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for plane ceilings of concrete
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/40—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings for coffered or ribbed ceilings
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
- E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G13/00—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills
- E04G13/04—Falsework, forms, or shutterings for particular parts of buildings, e.g. stairs, steps, cornices, balconies foundations, sills for lintels, beams, or transoms to be encased separately; Special tying or clamping means therefor
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/001—Corner fastening or connecting means for forming or stiffening elements
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/04—Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements
- E04G17/042—Connecting or fastening means for metallic forming or stiffening elements, e.g. for connecting metallic elements to non-metallic elements being tensioned by threaded elements
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/24—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
- E04G21/26—Strutting means for wall parts; Supports or the like, e.g. for holding in position prefabricated walls
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/10—Forming or shuttering elements for general use with additional peculiarities such as surface shaping, insulating or heating, permeability to water or air
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
- E04B2001/3294—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures with a faceted surface

Definitions

the present invention relates to formwork structures and mechanisms for casting and molding of concrete, particularly with formworks for casting and molding of reticular slabs.
U.S. Pat. No. 9,068,363 B2 discloses a metal formwork system for molded concrete structures.
the system comprises a metal panel, and connection accessories such as an adjustable corner, a right angle laminated profile, a profile with welded pins, plates, spacers, aligners, liner holders and pins (e.g. wedge pin).
connection accessories such as an adjustable corner, a right angle laminated profile, a profile with welded pins, plates, spacers, aligners, liner holders and pins (e.g. wedge pin).
the accessories allow different forms to be formed with the panels.
Each panel has perforations in which the accessories are connected.
each spacer has a rod with a threaded end, a plate located in the opposite end to the threaded end, a nut that is connected to the threaded end, which has a connection that is coupled to a wrench, between the plate and the nut the panels being arranged.
the panels are arranged sideways, adjacent and frontally to other panels with the same characteristics. After the panels have been positioned, the adjacent panels are secured with metal sheeting and the front panels are secured with spacers. On the other hand, the adjacent panels are aligned with an aligner connected to the panels with “J” screws and adjustment nuts attached to the screws.
the corner piece is an L-profile having holes on its flat faces aligning with the panel perforations, the corner piece being connected to the panel by means of pin-wedge pins.
the system includes a profile with welded pins allowing the union of two perpendicular panels.
the possible setups of the formwork system do not permit the formation of coffers for the setting of reticular slabs.
aligners must be used for the panels to form a flat wall, which increases the weight of the formwork system.
the spacers prevent the plates from moving outwards, due to the pressure exerted by the concrete, they do not prevent the plates from moving towards the concrete when the nuts are tightened, which would change the thickness of the structural element to be hardened.
the present invention corresponds to a formwork mechanism for casting and molding concrete, comprising a coffer having a sheet and four plates arranged around the perimeter of the sheet. Each plate has holes arranged on its front face.
the formwork mechanism includes a structural element, connected to one of the plates by fixing means.
the structural element has lateral perforations aligned with the holes of one of the coffer plates. Fixing means pass through the holes and side perforations.
the structural element can be a beam, a three or four-beam T, and combinations thereof.
formworks are constructed for casting flat reticular slabs, and also for curved reticular slabs with greater slab thickness near the beams supporting the slabs in comparison to the span of the slabs.
FIG. 1A corresponds to an exploded view of a coffer embodiment of a formwork mechanism.
FIG. 1B corresponds to an exploded view of an inclined coffer embodiment of a formwork mechanism.
FIG. 1C corresponds to an exploded view of an L-type coffer embodiment of a formwork mechanism.
FIG. 1D corresponds to an exploded view of a sliding coffer embodiment of a formwork mechanism.
FIG. 2 corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a hardened reticular slab with coffers connected to each other with structural elements, in a coffer embodiment of a formwork mechanism.
FIG. 3 corresponds to a top view of four coffers connected to each other with structural elements (beam, cross, T), in a formwork mechanism embodiment.
FIG. 4 corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a reticular slab set with coffers, and a hanging beam formwork connected to the coffers, in the embodiment of a formwork mechanism coffer.
FIG. 5 corresponds to a side view of a coffer of a formwork mechanism for a curved reticular slab.
FIG. 6 corresponds to a top view of a formwork for a reticular slab made up of coffers.
FIG. 7 corresponds to a cut-off view of a formwork mechanism coffer for a folded slab conformed with coffer plates.
FIG. 8 corresponds to an isometric view of a wall formwork conformed with coffer plates.
FIG. 9 corresponds to a cutoff view of a curved panel form to give continuity to the curved hanging beam.
FIG. 10 corresponds to an embodiment of a formwork mechanism in the present invention that includes structural elements with joists coupled by means of an articulation.
FIG. 11 corresponds to an embodiment of a formwork mechanism of the present invention that includes structural elements, load supports, beams, Ls, Ts and slidable shelf brackets.
FIG. 12 corresponds to an embodiment of a formwork mechanism of the present invention that includes structural elements, load supports, beams, Ls, Ts and slideable shelf brackets.
FIG. 13 corresponds to an embodiment of a coffer of the present invention that has a sheet with orthogonal and diagonal reinforcing profiles.
FIG. 14 corresponds to an embodiment of the formwork mechanism in the present invention, which allows parabolic slabs to be formed.
the present invention corresponds to a formwork mechanism (hereinafter, mechanism) for casting and molding concrete.
formwork is mold for a piece of curable material, particularly concrete, and reinforced concrete.
the formwork is made up of a plurality of elements defining the geometry of the curable material piece.
Formwork may be a negative or positive mold, over which liquid curable material is poured, which fills the formwork and cures in the formwork.
Pieces of curable material may be slabs, reticular slabs, variable cross-section reticular slabs, folded slabs, walls, columns, porticoes and combinations thereof.
the mechanism comprises:
the sheet ( 2 ) has a circular base, and the plate ( 3 ) is a plate bent into a cylindrical or conical shape. In this way, it is possible to assemble formworks for reticular slabs with cylindrical, or truncated conical reticles.
the sheet ( 2 ) is convex and has a circular base.
the sheet ( 2 ) can be a paraboloid or a hemisphere. This geometry allows the coffer ( 1 ) to be easily removed from the slab when the concrete is cured.
the coffer ( 1 ) consists of a sheet ( 2 ) and two plates ( 3 ) arranged on the sheet perimeter ( 2 ), the plate ( 3 ) has holes ( 5 ) arranged on its front face.
the sheet ( 2 ) may have a truncated circular base, ellipsoidal, circular or a combination thereof.
the coffer ( 1 ) consists of a sheet ( 2 ) and three plates ( 3 ) arranged on the sheet perimeter ( 2 ), the plate ( 3 ) has holes ( 5 ) arranged on its front face.
the sheet ( 2 ) has a triangular base.
the sheet ( 2 ) has a base shaped like an equilateral triangle. In this way, the three plates ( 3 ) are of equal dimensions.
the sheet ( 2 ) has an isosceles triangle-shaped base. In this way, there are two plates ( 3 ) with the same dimensions, and one plate ( 3 ) with a different length.
the sheet ( 2 ) has a base shaped like a right-angled triangle.
triangular reticles may be formed with a coffer ( 1 ), or rectangular reticles may be formed by connecting the plates ( 3 ) that form the hypotenuses of the sheet bases ( 2 ) of two coffers ( 1 ).
the mechanism comprises:
the coffer ( 1 ) is a monolithic body formed by the four plates ( 3 ) and the sheet ( 2 ).
the monolithic body may be of metal, wood, or plastic (e.g. polyester resins, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic) reinforced with fibers (e.g. glass, carbon, aramid).
the coffer ( 1 ) is of plastic reinforced with fiberglass.
the coffer ( 1 ) may be manufactured by spraying, hand lay-up, resin infusion processes, resin transfer molding (RTM), reaction injection molding (RIM), vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), thermoforming, pultrusion, and combinations thereof.
the plates ( 3 ) and sheet ( 2 ) are panels composed of at least one layer of fiberglass and one layer of core stiffener.
the stiffening core layer is covered on both sides with a fiberglass layer impregnated with resin.
the stiffening material is selected from nonwovens with expanded micro spheres, balsa wood, polyurethane foams, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene, polyethersulsons, honeycombs and combinations thereof.
the coffer ( 1 ) has a plurality of layers ranging from the outer surface that would be in contact with the concrete, to the inner surface that does not come into contact with the concrete at the time of casting and molding it.
the outer surface consists of a protective coating, e.g. polyester resin or vinyl ester gel coat; polyurethane-based paints, epoxy paint and combinations thereof.
first layer of fiber mat preferably fiberglass
resin preferably polyester resin
second layer of fiber impregnated with resin is placed beneath the core layer.
the holes ( 5 ) of the plate ( 3 ) are made on the coffer ( 1 ) after forming the monolithic body.
the holes ( 5 ) may be drilled or punched.
the holes ( 5 ) serve to connect the plates ( 3 ) to other parts of the formwork mechanism in the present invention, such as the structural elements ( 4 ).
each plate ( 3 ) has two vertical rows of holes ( 5 ).
each plate ( 3 ) has three vertical rows of holes ( 5 ).
the holes ( 5 ) may be vertically separated from each other, a distance between 1 cm and 15 cm. Also, they may be vertically separated from each other a distance between 1 cm and 2 cm, between 2 cm and 4 cm, between 5 cm and 6 cm, between 7 cm and 8 cm, between 9 cm and 10 cm, or between 11 cm and 15 cm.
each plate ( 3 ) has a stiffening profile ( 48 ) located on its back side.
the stiffening profile ( 48 ) increases the stiffness of the plate ( 3 ). This is important, since the quality, finishes, and geometric and dimensional tolerances of the concrete pieces that set in formworks made with these plates ( 3 ) depend on the dimensional stability of the plates ( 3 ).
each plate ( 3 ) has two stiffening ribs ( 49 ), each stiffening rib ( 49 ) extends from an upper corner of the plate ( 3 ) to the opposite lower corner, thus, the stiffening ribs ( 49 ) form a cross that gives greater rigidity to the plate ( 3 ).
each plate ( 3 ) has three vertical stiffening profiles ( 48 ) located on its rear face.
the stiffening profiles ( 48 ) have a plurality of perforations aligning with the holes ( 5 ) of the plate ( 3 ).
the sheet ( 2 ) is convex.
the sheet ( 2 ) has four curved faces, each curved face exits the periphery of the sheet ( 2 ) and converges to a flat surface.
the flat surface may be square, rectangular, circular, oblong, elite, oval, and combinations thereof.
the sheet ( 2 ) is a parabolic vault with four truncations, where each truncation is aligned with a plate ( 3 ).
the convex shape of the sheet ( 2 ) allows easy removal of the coffer ( 1 ) after the concrete is cured. However, if the sheet ( 2 ) is flat and rectangular, rounding can be made at the sheet ( 2 ) and plates ( 3 ) edges to facilitate the coffer removal.
the coffer ( 1 ) includes:
the punctured tabs ( 17 ) on the sheet ( 2 ) allow the sheet ( 2 ) to be connected and disconnected to the punctured tabs ( 6 ) on the plates ( 3 ).
the punctured tabs ( 17 ) are oriented in such a way their holes are in a vertical position inside the coffer ( 1 ).
the punctured tabs ( 6 ) of the plates ( 3 ) are oriented towards the inside of the coffer ( 1 ), so the holes of the punctured tabs ( 6 ) point towards the lateral, upper and lower faces of each plate ( 3 ).
the punctured tabs ( 6 ) may be of the same material as the plates ( 3 ), or they may be of a different material. If the plates ( 3 ) and the punctured tabs ( 6 ) are of the same material, they may be manufactured by the same manufacturing process, e.g. sheet bending, welding (e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), rotomolding, 3D printing, injection, thermoforming, stamping, drawing, milling, and combinations thereof.
sheet bending e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society
rotomolding e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society
3D printing injection, thermoforming, stamping, drawing, milling, and combinations thereof.
the plates ( 3 ) and the punctured tabs ( 6 ) may be joined together with fixing means ( 7 ), such as screws, rivets, bolts, shelf brackets, chemical welding, dovetail joints, and combinations thereof.
the punctured tabs ( 17 ) may be of the same material as the sheet ( 2 ). If the plates ( 3 ) and the punctured tabs ( 6 ) are of the same material, they may be manufactured by the same manufacturing process, e.g. sheet bending, welding (e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), rotomolding, 3D printing, injection, thermoforming, stamping, drawing, milling, and combinations thereof.
sheet bending e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society
the sheet ( 2 ) and the punctured tabs ( 17 ) are made of different materials, they may be joined together with fixing means ( 7 ), such as screws, rivets, bolts, shelf brackets, chemical welding, dovetail joints, and combinations thereof.
fixing means such as screws, rivets, bolts, shelf brackets, chemical welding, dovetail joints, and combinations thereof.
the sheet ( 2 ) punctured tabs ( 17 ) are oriented horizontally. This is convenient for connecting the plates ( 3 ) to the sheet ( 2 ) so the plates ( 3 ) are vertically oriented, so a straight coffer may be configured, which is explained below.
the sheet ( 2 ) punctured tabs ( 17 ) are oriented in an inclined manner with respect to the horizontal. This allows the plates ( 3 ) to be inclined with respect to the vertical, in this way, an inclined coffer may be configured, which will be explained later.
the fixing means ( 7 ) are selected from screws, bolts, rivets, pin wedges, plates, self-drilling screws, and combinations thereof.
the fixing means ( 7 ) are wedge-pins and small plates. Wedge pins are easy to install on site, as it is only necessary to use a mallet or hammers for the joint, in addition, they are less susceptible to damage when contaminated with concrete.
wedge-pins may be difficult to install, for example, to connect plates ( 3 ) to corner profiles ( 11 ), when plates ( 3 ) have stiffening profiles ( 48 ) near their punctured side tabs ( 6 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) may be small plates, which are easy to install.
the corner profiles ( 11 ) are used to interconnect the plates ( 3 ) and to change the inclination angle C of the plates ( 3 ) with respect to the sheet ( 2 ).
This angle C may be between 90° and 150°.
corner profiles ( 11 ) are straight, and are used to form a straight coffer ( 1 ).
straight shall be understood as an element having at least two contiguous faces forming a right angle, where the contiguous faces have the same length at their upper and lower edges.
corner profiles ( 11 ) are inclined. It will be understood in the present invention that an inclined corner profile ( 11 ) is a corner profile ( 11 ) with two contiguous faces forming a greater than 90°, where the contiguous faces have a shorter length in their upper edge than in their lower edge.
the coffer ( 1 ) is inclined and has four corner profiles ( 11 ) inclined, which cause the plates ( 3 ) to form an angle C with respect to the horizontal, which may be between 91° and 115°.
the angle C may be between 91° and 93°, between 94° and 95°, between 96° and 97°, between 97° and 99°, between 100° and 105°, between 105° and 108°, between 109° and 112°, or between 112° and 115°.
angle C, and the angle forming the contiguous faces of the corner profile ( 11 ) is 90.14°.
the inclined coffer ( 1 ) is a coffer with inclined corner profiles ( 11 ).
the inclined coffer has its plates ( 3 ) inclined with respect to the vertical, in this way, the inclined coffer ( 1 ) is left with an exit angle facilitating its extraction from the concrete, when it is already cured.
the sheet ( 2 ) punctured tabs ( 17 ) are oriented at an angle with respect to the horizontal, in order to allow the plates ( 3 ) to be inclined, and the punctured tabs ( 17 and 6 ) to secure each other. These punctured tabs ( 17 and 6 ) are secured with fixing means ( 7 ), e.g. small plates, or wedge pins.
corner profiles ( 11 ) have reinforcing plates, an upper reinforcing plate located at the upper longitudinal end of the corner profile ( 11 ), and a lower reinforcing plate located at the lower longitudinal end of the corner profile ( 11 ).
Reinforcement plates may be pentagonal with three straight angles. The reinforcement plates improve the rigidity of the corner profiles ( 11 ) and therefore improve the rigidity of the coffers ( 1 ).
the upper reinforcement plates of the corner profiles ( 11 ) have a perforation aligned with one of the perforations of the sheet ( 2 ) punctured tabs ( 17 ).
a fixing means ( 7 ) may be connected securing the corner profiles ( 11 ) with the sheet ( 2 ).
the coffer ( 1 ) is a coffer ( 1 ) type L comprising:
the L-type coffer permits the formation of reticles with an L-geometry in reticular slabs. This allows the L-type coffer ( 1 ) to be connected to the corners of a structural element that would support the reticular slab, for example, a wall, a pile, a prop or a beam.
L-shaped, L-shaped geometry, L-shaped section, L-shaped cross-section and L-shaped type refer to the geometric features of a part which has a cross-section with at least two sides 90° apart.
an L shape is a rectangle with a rectangular cut at one of its vertices, or a prism based on a rectangle with a rectangular cut at one of its vertices.
the coffer ( 1 ) is an L-type coffer comprising:
short edges are the lower edges of the cover
the punctured tabs ( 17 ) of the L-plates ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) are used to connect the L-plates ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) to the cover ( 53 ) with fixing means ( 7 ), such as self-drilling screws, nails, self-tapping screws, wedge pins, punches, small plates and combinations thereof.
the fixing means ( 7 ) used to connect the L-plates ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) to the cover ( 53 ) are steel punches.
the plates in L ( 55 ), ( 56 ) and ( 57 ) have in their panels holes ( 5 ) allowing to adjust the length of the prismatic surface sides, and to connect the L-type coffer ( 1 ) to structural elements ( 4 ), such as beams ( 8 ), crosses ( 29 ), and T ( 50 ).
the holes ( 5 ) are arranged in vertical and/or horizontal rows. The horizontal rows allow the length of the prismatic surface sides to be adjusted; on the other hand, the vertical rows serve to adjust the height to which the structural elements are connected ( 4 ).
the second flat plate ( 59 ) is connected to the inner L-plate ( 56 ) by angles ( 60 ) which are connected to both elements by fixing means ( 7 ).
Fixing means ( 7 ) may be screws, bolts, self-tapping screws, self-drilling screws, wedge-pins, small plates, and combinations thereof.
the fixing means ( 7 ) connecting the angles ( 60 ) to the second flat plate ( 59 ) and the inner L-plate ( 56 ) are self-tapping screws.
the second flat plate ( 59 ) is a flat panel.
the second flat plate ( 59 ) and lid ( 53 ) are custom made. This makes it possible to form L-type coffers ( 1 ) with different dimensions, which are suitably coupled to the geometry of the load-bearing structural elements, for example, a wall or a concrete column.
the material of the second flat plate ( 59 ) and lid ( 53 ) is a wear-resistant material, which may be wood (e.g. phenolic wood, MDF, three-layer wood), plastic (e.g. polyester, polyamides, polyurethanes, polycarbonate, polystyrene), plastic (e.g. cured polyester resins, vinyl ester, epoxies) reinforced with fibers (e.g. glass, aramid, carbon, polyester), and combinations thereof.
wood e.g. phenolic wood, MDF, three-layer wood
plastic e.g. polyester, polyamides, polyurethanes, polycarbonate, polystyrene
plastic e.g. cured polyester resins, vinyl ester, epoxies
fibers e.g. glass, aramid, carbon, polyester
the second flat plate ( 59 ) and the lid ( 53 ) are made of the same material.
the coffer ( 1 ) is a L-type coffer ( 1 ) comprising:
the lid ( 53 ) is a convex sheet ( 2 ) with rectangular cut.
the lid ( 53 ) has two vertically oriented flat faces, which are located on the two edges of the rectangular cut. These flat faces contact the corner of a load-bearing structural element, for example, a wall or a concrete column. Also, the flat faces may contact a formwork section to set the load structural element; in this way, the concrete fills the formwork of the load structural element and covers the L-type coffer ( 1 ), generating a monolithic union.
the plates ( 3 ) of the L-type coffers ( 1 ) may be like the plates ( 3 ) of the straight coffers ( 1 ). Also, the plates ( 3 ) of the L-type coffers ( 1 ) may be selected between planks, wooden plates (triplex, MDF, phenolic woods, wood for construction, wood for formworks, and combinations thereof); plastic plates and combinations thereof.
the plates ( 3 ) of the L-type coffers ( 1 ) are smooth panels or plates, without perforations or holes, made of wood or plastic.
the L-type coffer ( 1 ) is a monolithic body formed by a convex sheet ( 2 ) with a rectangular truncation in one of its corners and the six plates ( 3 ).
the monolithic body may be metal, wood, or plastic (e.g. polyester resins, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic) reinforced with fibers (e.g. glass, carbon, aramid).
plastic e.g. polyester resins, vinyl ester, epoxy, phenolic, acrylic
fibers e.g. glass, carbon, aramid
the coffer ( 1 ) is of plastic reinforced with fiberglass.
the coffer ( 1 ) may be manufactured by spraying, hand lay-up, resin infusion processes, resin transfer molding (RTM), reaction injection molding (RIM), vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM), thermoforming, pultrusion, and combinations thereof.
the coffer ( 1 ) has a plurality of layers ranging from the outer surface that would be in contact with the concrete, to the inner surface that does not come into contact with the concrete at the time of casting and molding it.
the outer surface consists of a protective coating, e.g. polyester resin or vinyl ester gel coat; polyurethane-based paints, epoxy paint and combinations thereof.
first layer of fiber mat preferably fiberglass
resin preferably polyester resin
second layer of fiber impregnated with resin is placed beneath the core layer.
the holes ( 5 ) of the plate ( 3 ) are made on the coffer ( 1 ) after forming the monolithic body.
the holes ( 5 ) may be drilled or punctured.
the holes ( 5 ) serve to connect the plates ( 3 ) to other parts of the formwork mechanism of the present invention, such as the structural elements ( 4 ).
the coffer ( 1 ) is a sliding coffer ( 1 ) comprising:
the side plates ( 3 ) have at least two rows of holes ( 5 ) parallel to each other; one row is located near the sheet ( 2 ), and the other row is located near the bottom edge of the plate ( 3 ). On the other hand, each sheet ( 2 ) has a row of holes ( 5 ).
the holes ( 5 ) of the first cap ( 61 ) are aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the second cap ( 62 ), and secured with fixing means ( 7 ), which are preferably pin-knives.
the length of the sliding coffer ( 1 ) is adjusted with the rows of holes ( 5 ) of the first cap ( 61 ) and the second cap ( 62 ). This is convenient to form reticular slabs, in which it is sought to have different lengths of nerve for the reticles.
the sheet ( 2 ) is convex, and has its front and rear edges of semi-oblong shape. This allows the sliding coffer ( 1 ) to have rounded upper side corners, which facilitates the demolding process when concrete is cured on top of the sliding coffer ( 1 ).
plugs ( 42 ) are connected to these holes ( 5 ).
the plugs ( 42 ) may be plastic, metal, or rubber.
the coffers ( 1 ) are lined with a protective material, for example plastic, in order to cover the holes ( 5 ) and prevent concrete from entering them. Additionally, the protective coating protects the coffers ( 1 ) when they are removed when the concrete is cured.
a protective material for example plastic
plates ( 3 ), sheet ( 2 ), punctured tabs ( 6 ) and ( 17 ), and corner profiles ( 11 ) may be manufactured by processes such as sheet bending, soldering (e.g., SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), chemical welding (e.g. epoxy adhesives, methacrylates, acrylics, and combinations thereof), rotomolding, 3D printing, injection, thermoforming, stamping, embossing, milling, and combinations thereof.
soldering e.g., SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society
chemical welding e.g. epoxy adhesives, methacrylates, acrylics, and combinations thereof
rotomolding 3D printing
injection thermoforming
stamping embossing
milling and combinations thereof.
the structural element ( 4 ) is a beam with lateral perforations ( 9 ) arranged on its lateral faces.
the lateral perforations ( 9 ) are aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the plates ( 3 ); after aligning the holes ( 5 ) and the lateral perforations ( 9 ) a fixing means is inserted through the beam and plate ( 3 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) is a pin wedge; however, they can also be screws or bolts.
the structural elements ( 4 ) include at least one connection port (not illustrated) located on its underside.
connection port of the structural elements ( 4 ) the upper end of a block, or parallel that transmits the load of the structural elements ( 4 ), and of the elements connected to them (e.g. coffers ( 1 ), plates, beams, forms, etc.) is connected.
connection port is a vertical pin inserted into the cue.
connection port is a female type housing, in which a plug is connected with a male type protuberance fitting the geometry of the female type housing.
a reticular slab is made up of a base slab of constant thickness arranged in a horizontal plane, which has orthogonal X and Y axes between each other.
the reticular slab includes a plurality of nerves arranged in a reticular arrangement; the nerves above come out of the base slab. If all the ribs are the same height, the reticular slab has a constant cross-section. On the other hand, if the ribs decrease in height from the edges of the slab towards the center, the reticular slab has a variable cross-section.
Variable section reticular slabs may have a variable section on the X axis, variable section on the Y axis, or a combination thereof.
variable cross-section reticular slabs on the X-axis the cross-section of the ribs decreases on the x-axis from the edge of the slab to the center of the slab, but remains constant along the Y-axis.
the ribs decrease on the Y-axis from the edge of the slab to the center of the slab, but remain constant along the X-axis.
reticular slabs of variable cross-section in both X and Y axes have ribs with decreasing cross-section from the slab edges to the center of the slab.
Variable section reticular slabs allow more concrete to be concentrated in areas of greater mechanical stress, such as slab edges, and slab initiations and terminations on beams, walls and columns. In this way, it is avoided to put concrete in points of low solicitation saving concrete volume, and lighter structures are obtained, which also implies to have columns and foundations of smaller sections and because it lowers the dead load they must support.
the coffers ( 1 ) are aligned so their lower edges are collinear to each other. In this way, the sheets ( 2 ) of the coffers ( 1 ) remain in the same horizontal plane, thus guaranteeing the constant thickness of the base slab.
the structural elements ( 4 ), such as beams ( 8 ), T ( 50 ) and crosses ( 29 ), are connected to the holes ( 5 ) of the plates ( 3 ), where the holes ( 5 ) are at the same height measured from the lower edge of the coffers ( 1 ).
a structural element ( 4 ) is connected to the coffer ( 1 ) on the left, aligning the lateral perforation ( 9 ) with the sixth hole ( 5 ) (measured from the lower edge of the plate ( 3 )) of the plate ( 3 ) on the left.
a beam ( 8 ) is connected between the right plate ( 3 ) of the left coffer ( 1 ) and the left plate ( 3 ) of the right coffer ( 1 ).
the lateral perforations ( 9 ) of the skid ( 51 ) are aligned with the fourth hole ( 5 ) measured from the lower edge of the plates ( 3 ) of these plates
the structural element ( 4 ) is a cross ( 29 ).
the cross ( 29 ) has four joists ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) has a side hole ( 14 ) which is aligned with a hole ( 5 ) in a plate ( 1 ).
At the cross ( 29 ) are connected four coffers ( 1 ) with fixing means ( 7 ) going through the holes ( 5 ) and the side holes ( 14 ).
the cross ( 29 ) has its lateral faces inclined inwards, so the lateral faces are coupled to the inclination of the coffers ( 1 ) inclined.
the structural element ( 4 ) is a T ( 50 ), the T ( 50 ) has three joists ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) has a side hole ( 14 ) which is aligned with a hole ( 5 ) of a plate ( 1 ).
the cross ( 29 ), and the T ( 50 ) allow to interconnect the coffers ( 1 ) in a fast and simple way, especially when the fixing means ( 7 ) are pin-crushes, due to their easy installation that only needs a hammer or a mallet.
the fixing means ( 7 ) can also be bolts, screws, plates and combinations thereof.
the boards ( 41 ) may be made of wood, plastic or metal. Also, the boards ( 41 ) may be rigid or flexible.
Rigid boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of formworks for homogeneous cross-section reticular slabs; flexible boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of variable cross-section beams and reticular slabs, as they allow a curve to be described interconnecting crosses ( 29 ), beams ( 8 ) and/or Ts ( 50 ).
the boards ( 41 ) may simply be supported on the crosses ( 29 ), beams ( 8 ) and/or Ts ( 50 ). Also, boards ( 41 ) may be connected to crosses ( 29 ), beams ( 8 ) and/or T ( 50 ) by fixing means, such as screws (e.g. self-drilling, self-tapping), bolts, rivets, adhesives, and combinations thereof.
fixing means such as screws (e.g. self-drilling, self-tapping), bolts, rivets, adhesives, and combinations thereof.
the cross ( 29 ) and the T ( 50 ) have their upper faces rounded. This allows the flexible boards ( 41 ) to be settled more comfortably.
the structural element ( 4 ) is the beam ( 8 ) consists of a first structural profile ( 10 ) and a skid ( 51 ) that slides over the first structural profile ( 10 ), the skid ( 51 ) has the lateral perforations ( 9 ).
the lateral holes ( 9 ) are aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the plates ( 3 ) on the coffers; on the other hand, to secure the beam ( 8 ) to a coffer ( 1 ), a fixing means ( 7 ) is put through the holes ( 5 ) and the lateral perforations ( 9 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) is a wedge pin.
skid ( 51 ) is an element that fits inside the first structural profile ( 10 ).
the skid ( 51 ) may be a segment of an I-profile. Also, the skid
( 51 ) may have wheels that rest on the inner face of the first structural profile ( 10 ).
the skid ( 51 ) and the first structural profile ( 10 ) are blocked with a pin that crosses them and prevents relative displacement between them. Also, the skid ( 51 ) and the first structural profile ( 10 ) may be secured together with wedges.
two parallel plates ( 3 ) are separated horizontally by a spacer ( 20 ), which allows the plates ( 3 ) to remain aligned vertically and parallel to each other.
each spacer ( 20 ) comprises:
the spacer ( 20 ) prevents the plates ( 3 ) from attempting to join or separate, thus guaranteeing the distance of the concrete piece to be hardened between the plates.
the threaded rod ( 21 ) may be threaded along its entire length, or only at its ends.
the threaded rod ( 21 ) and nut ( 27 ) may have a metric, square, ACME class, ANSI, or combinations thereof.
the threaded rod ( 21 ) is threaded over its entire length and its thread is square or ACME class; likewise, the nut ( 27 ) is square or ACME class.
the nut ( 27 ) may be a hex nut, crenellated or a nut-counter nut assembly.
the stop ( 28 ) is a nut attaching securely to the threaded rod ( 21 ).
the nut may be crenellated, or hexagonal with a radial hole, and the threaded rod ( 21 ) include at least one radial hole, where the radial holes are aligned and a pin is inserted blocking the relative movement between the stop ( 28 ) and the threaded rod ( 21 ). This allows the stop ( 28 ) to be detached from the threaded rod ( 21 ), which makes the spacer ( 20 ) modular and easy to maintain.
the threaded rod ( 21 ) is threaded only at its ends.
the stop ( 28 ) is a hub with a radial hole, and the threaded rod ( 21 ) includes at least one radial hole, where the radial holes are aligned and a pin is inserted blocking the relative movement between the stop ( 28 ) and the threaded rod ( 21 ).
the stop ( 28 ) is connected to the threaded rod ( 21 ) by welding (e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society), or by adhesives (e.g. epoxy adhesives, methacrylates, acrylics, and combinations thereof).
welding e.g. SMAW, GMAW, GTAW, FCAW, and other methods accepted by the American Welding Society
adhesives e.g. epoxy adhesives, methacrylates, acrylics, and combinations thereof.
nuts ( 24 ) may be hexagonal, square, butterfly, crenellated, grooved, knurled head, or self-locking.
the nuts ( 24 ) are butterfly nuts. Wing nuts allow quick and easy adjustment by hand, without the need for tools such as wrenches and ratchets.
the tube ( 26 ) extends between the plates ( 3 ) and covers all other elements of the spacer ( 20 ).
the tube ( 26 ) prevents the concrete poured between the plates ( 3 ) from coming into contact with the other elements of the spacer ( 20 ).
the tube ( 26 ) is embedded in the concrete when it is finally cured.
the tube ( 26 ) is made of a plastic material, preferably polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
PVC polyvinyl chloride
the threaded rod ( 21 ), nuts ( 24 and 27 ) and stop ( 28 ) may be made of a metallic material, e.g. carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steels (e.g. chromium, nickel, molybdenum and combinations thereof).
a hanging beam formwork comprising:
first extension plate ( 25 ) and the second extension plate ( 18 ) have the same dimensions and features as plates ( 3 ).
the first extension plate ( 25 ) and the second extension plate ( 18 ) have a length and height greater than the plates ( 3 ), for example, may have between 1.2 and 2.5 times their length and/or height, so you can connect more quickly the extension plates to the plates ( 3 ), saving installation time, because it avoids handling more elements and avoiding having to secure more plates ( 3 ) with fixing means ( 7 ).
the first extension plate ( 25 ) and the second extension plate ( 18 ) serve to generate a cavity
This deep cavity is a mold for beams and slab areas higher than the height of the coffers ( 1 ), which is necessary to build beams with high load-bearing capacity, or beams and slabs with large spans, for example, of more than 10 m.
the support beam ( 19 ) includes holes located on its side, which are aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the plates ( 3 ), or the support plates.
the support beam ( 19 ) includes a plurality of connection ports on its underside, which are operationally connected to plugs or newels.
the support beam ( 19 ) is made of:
the holes ( 31 ) in the block ( 3 ) make it possible to adjust the height of the hub ( 36 ), and thus the height of the bearing surface ( 32 ).
Perforations ( 31 ) may be located only at the top end of the block ( 3 ), or along its entire length.
the block ( 3 ) has a longitudinal advance mechanism which allows the length of the cue to be adjusted.
the longitudinal feed mechanism may be a screw mechanism, or a telescopic concentric cylinder mechanism.
the block ( 3 ) is made up of a first cylinder and a second cylinder arranged inside the first cylinder, where the cylinders have perforations ( 31 ) located 20 along their length, and where the cylinders are secured to each other with pins inserted into the perforations ( 31 ).
the supporting surface ( 32 ) may be a plate with a length greater than its width and thickness; or it may also be a plate with a width greater than its length and thickness.
the support surface ( 32 ) may be made of wood, plastic or metal. If it is metal, it may be steel, aluminum, or brass.
the supporting surface ( 32 ) includes lateral perforations ( 35 ) near its longitudinal ends, these lateral perforations ( 35 ) are aligned with some holes with angles ( 33 ) in their upper face.
the support surface ( 32 ) is secured to the angles ( 33 ) with fixing means selected among: screws, bolts, self-drilling screws, self-tapping screws, pins, rivets and combinations thereof.
the angles ( 33 ) allow the load to be transmitted from the boxes ( 1 ) to the extensible bracket ( 39 ).
the lateral perforations ( 35 ) located in the vertical stage align with the holes ( 5 ).
fixing means ( 7 ) are inserted through the lateral perforations ( 35 ) and the holes ( 5 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) are pin-wedges.
the hub ( 36 ) may have an adjustable internal diameter. This feature allows the same hub ( 36 ) to be used for blocks ( 3 ) of different diameters, since the diameter of the blocks ( 30 ) depends on their length and the maximum load they can support. On the other hand, this characteristic allows the hub ( 36 ) to adapt to the geometry of commercial plugs and newels.
the hub ( 36 ) is a sheet that is bent in a cylindrical manner, leaving the sheet edges facing out of the cylinder.
the sheet edges have collinear perforations between them; in these perforations a screw, or bolt, is inserted allowing to adjust the distance between the sheets, and therefore, the diameter of the hub cylinder ( 36 ).
two ears ( 37 ) extend radially out of the hub ( 36 ); each ear ( 37 ) connects to an extensible bracket ( 39 ).
the extensible bracket ( 39 ) transmit the load from the angles ( 33 ) to the hub ( 36 ), while the hub ( 36 ) transmits the load to the block ( 3 ) by means of the fixing means ( 7 ), while the block ( 3 ) transmits the load to the ground, or support surface on which it rests.
the sheet ( 40 ) rests on a slab contiguous to the coffers ( 1 ) and on the supporting newel ( 46 ).
the sheet ( 40 ) may be supported on the knot of a reinforced concrete column. In this way, the concrete that is poured over the coffers ( 1 ) and the sheet ( 40 ) is integrated with the knot of the concrete column, generating the union of the reticulated slab that is formed with said coffers ( 1 ), with said concrete column when the poured concrete is cured.
the sheet ( 40 ) is flexible. This allows the sheet ( 40 ) to follow a curved path, which can generate variable cross-section beams and slabs.
the support beam ( 19 ) has at least two support newels ( 46 ). This ensures the stability of the film ( 40 ).
the support beam ( 19 ) consists of a plurality of supporting newels ( 46 ) arranged along the underside of the sheet ( 40 ).
the supporting newels ( 46 ) are arranged so that the height of their supporting surfaces ( 32 ) form a ladder on which the sheet ( 40 ) is arranged. As the sheet ( 40 ) is flexible, this forms a curved path, which can generate beams and slabs of variable cross-section.
the flexible sheet ( 40 ) has at one longitudinal end a tapered tab ( 101 ) connected to a column formwork ( 97 ) comprising:
the curved panel ( 100 ) allows to generate a curvature between the flexible sheet ( 40 ) and the vertical plate ( 3 ). This curvature allows for a smooth transition between the hanging beam and the structural column ( 67 ), thus reducing the stress concentrator generated between the hanging beam and the structural column ( 67 ).
the curved panel ( 100 ) has at least one hole ( 5 ), however, it may have one.
the curved panel ( 100 ) has three horizontal rows of holes ( 5 ).
the structural column ( 67 ) is of round cross-section.
the vertically arranged plate ( 3 ) is cylindrical in shape with an internal diameter equal to the diameter of the structural column ( 67 ).
the structure column ( 67 ) is to be formed, for example, a top knot of another structural column, a slab or a mortar, to the plate ( 3 ) connected to the curved panel ( 100 ).
the structural column ( 67 ) is of rectangular cross-section.
at least four plates ( 3 ) connected to each other with fixing means ( 7 ) are arranged in a rectangular arrangement. If the column is higher than the plates ( 3 ), more rectangular arrangements of plates ( 3 ) are connected, from the point at which the column structure ( 67 ) is to be formed, for example, a top knot of another structural column, a slab or a concrete, to the plate ( 3 ) connected to the curved panel ( 100 ).
the adapter ( 104 ) allows the curved panel ( 100 ) to be connected to the block ( 105 ), thus giving it structural support and guaranteeing its dimensional stability.
the plug ( 105 ) has a male adapter ( 106 ) located at its upper longitudinal end that is inserted into the adapter cavity ( 104 ), thus generating a quick and secure coupling, which does not require additional fixing means.
the adapter ( 104 ) has a curved perforated surface ( 98 ) which is connected to the holes ( 5 ) of the curved panel ( 100 ) with fixing means ( 7 ).
the holes ( 5 ) of the curved panel ( 100 ) are countersunk, and the fixing means ( 7 ) are pin wedges with countersunk head. This allows the fixing media ( 7 ) to
FIG. 6 refers to a top view of a formwork for a reticular slab.
the reticular slab is joined to a structural column ( 67 ) and three structural beams ( 68 ).
the structural column ( 67 ) and structural beams ( 68 ) are reinforced concrete.
the formwork includes L-type coffers ( 1 ) connected to the structural column ( 67 ); coffers ( 1 ) sliders connected to the structural beams ( 68 ) and coffers ( 1 ) straight connected to the L-type coffers ( 1 ), and sliders.
non-recoverable coffers ( 69 ) In the rectangular cut ( 54 ) of the L-type coffers ( 1 ), there are non-recoverable coffers ( 69 ), which are embedded in the concrete after is cured. These non-recoverable coffers ( 69 ) reduce the volume of concrete in the node, without structurally damaging it.
the structural column ( 67 ) and/or the structural beams ( 68 ) have knots that protrude from their upper surface, that is, from the upper surface where the concrete is poured and the reticular slab is formed.
knots are metallic structures or frameworks protruding from concrete structures reinforced with metallic bars.
structural profiles ( 70 ) are used, connecting to the structural beams ( 68 ), either because at the time of setting they had those structural profiles ( 70 ) embedded, or because they are connected to fixing means, such as bolted tabs.
the structural profiles ( 70 ) have perforations aligned with the holes ( 5 ) of the coffers ( 1 ) plates ( 3 ), in order to insert fixing means ( 7 ), such as pin wedges, plates, bolts, screws and combinations thereof, which secure the coffers ( 1 ) to the structural profiles ( 70 ).
Structural profiles ( 70 ) may be C-cross section, U-cross section, I-cross section, square cross section, round cross section, tubular cross section and combinations thereof.
the coffers ( 1 ) are joined together with crosses ( 29 ). As mentioned above, the crosses ( 29 ) are interconnected with boards ( 41 ), which may be either rigid or flexible.
the reticular slab form allows for the formation of reticular slabs of variable cross-section.
the cross-section of the reticular slab decreases as the slab moves away from the beams ( 68 ).
the formwork mechanism includes:
This embodiment of the formwork mechanism allows to form folded slabs for floors and/or ceilings.
Folded slabs are made up of panels connected together along their edges, where folds are formed at those edges; folds may be tops or valleys.
Folded slabs are used in structures with wide spans, and are usually used for ceilings and floors.
top is a fold in which a first module ( 43 ) is joined with a second module ( 44 ) so that the angle measured between the front faces of their plates ( 3 ) is an angle between 180° and 360°.
valley, or valley fold shall be understood as a fold in which a first module ( 43 ) is joined with a second module ( 44 ) so that the angle measured between the front faces of their plates ( 3 ) is an angle between 0°
the angle may be between 0° and 180°, it should be noted that for angles other than 90°, the concrete is subjected to bending and traction stresses, which implies having much
curable materials e.g. plastic resins (e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester) which may or may not be reinforced with fibers (e.g. polyester, glass, aramid, carbon), angles other than 90° may be used.
plastic resins e.g. epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester
fibers e.g. polyester, glass, aramid, carbon
the angle measured between the front faces of the plates ( 3 ) is an angle of 90°.
the angle measured between the front faces of the plates ( 3 ) is also an angle between 90°.
the support beams ( 19 ) have trapezoidal cross sections, where the punctured tabs ( 45 ) are the inclined sides of the trapeze.
the trapezoidal section of the support beams ( 19 ) are hollow. In this way, the support beams ( 19 ) are lighter than if they were solid.
the trapezoidal section of the support beams ( 19 ) has no greater base, thus the support beam is lighter than, if it were a solid trapeze, or tubular with a greater base.
the support beam ( 19 ) is used for the valley folds.
the smaller base external face of the support beam ( 19 ) is put in contact with the concrete that is cured on the front face the plates ( 3 ) of modules ( 43 and 44 ).
the smaller base inner face of the support beam ( 19 ) has a connection port in which a block ( 30 ) or a support newel ( 46 ) is connected.
the trapezoidal section of the support beams ( 19 ) has no minor base. This type of support beam ( 19 ) is used to form the top folds.
the external face of the greater base is put in contact with the concrete that is cured on the front face, the plates ( 3 ) of the modules ( 43 and 44 ).
the greater base internal face of the support beam ( 19 ) has a connection port in which a block ( 30 ) or a support newel ( 46 ) is connected.
the first module ( 43 ) and the second module ( 44 ) are connected to each other with a support beam ( 19 ) of trapezoidal cross-section without major base.
the formwork mechanism is a folded ceiling slab form ( 38 ) comprising a plurality of fold forms connected to each other with support beams ( 19 ), each fold form includes:
the folded ceiling slab form ( 38 ) is used to set and cure a folded ceiling slab ( 72 ).
the predetermined distance separating the assemblies ( 70 and 71 ) corresponds to the thickness of the folded ceiling slab ( 72 ), which is selected according to the loads and spans to which it is subjected.
the inclination A is 135° and the inclination B is 45°, both measured from the horizontal having as origin the centroid of the support beam ( 19 ).
each fold form forms a valley fold. Therefore, the beams ( 19 ) joining the folding forms form the top folds.
the folded slab is a slab subjected to compressive stresses, as the sides of its folds are angularly separated by 90°.
the spacers ( 20 ) maintain the distance between the first modules ( 43 ). Likewise, the distance
the support beam ( 19 ) that connects the modules ( 43 and 44 ) into an upper assembly ( 73 ), and the support beam ( 19 ) that connects the second module ( 44 ) of a lower assembly ( 71 ) of a first fold form with the first module ( 43 ) of a lower assembly ( 71 ) of a second fold formwork is a profile with a truncated pentagonal cross section.
the truncated pentagonal section has a truncation that cuts two of its sides.
the pentagonal section has one side longer than the others, which is arranged horizontally.
the truncation is parallel to the longer side. The truncation allows access to the inner side of the pentagon longest side, where a female connection port ( 74 ) is located.
the internal faces of the pentagon sides are the faces with normal vector pointing into the pentagon.
the outer faces of the pentagon are the faces with a normal vector pointing out of the pentagon.
the pentagon outer face of the longest side is in contact with the top face of the folded ceiling slab ( 72 ). Therefore, the female connection port ( 74 ) is accessed from above the top assembly ( 73 ).
the pentagon outer face of the longest side is in contact with the top face of the folded ceiling slab ( 72 ). Therefore, the female connection port ( 74 ) is accessed from below the lower assemblies ( 71 ). In this way you can connect a block ( 30 ) (not illustrated) having a male coupling that is inserted into the female connection port ( 74 ).
connection between the female connection port ( 74 ) and the male plug coupling ( 30 ) is slippery.
the sliding joint may be a dovetail, or a skid-rail mechanism, where the rail is the female connection port ( 74 ), which is made up of two elongated tabs located; and the skid is the male coupling of the block ( 3 ).
the support beams ( 19 ) connecting the modules ( 43 and 44 ) of the lower assembly ( 71 ) are made up of five rectangular sides joined in the shape of a truncated double trapezoid.
the truncated double trapezoid consists of an upper trapezoidal section and a lower trapezoidal section.
the upper trapezoidal section has as its major base a first rectangular side arranged horizontally, which is the widest of the five rectangular sides. From the first rectangular side, two rectangular sides forming the lateral faces of the upper trapezoidal section extend diagonally and converge. However, the upper trapezoidal section does not include a minor base.
the lower trapezoidal section has neither a major nor a minor base, but has two rectangular sides, where each rectangular side is connected to one of the rectangular sides composing the lateral faces of the upper trapezoidal section.
the rectangular sides of the lower trapezoidal section extend diagonally and divergently.
the angle formed by the rectangular sides of the upper trapezoidal section with the rectangular sides of the lower trapezoidal section is a right angle. This makes it easier for the plates ( 3 ) of the modules ( 43 and 44 ) to settle on the support beam ( 19 ).
fiber cement plates ( 77 ) are placed on top of the folded ceiling slab ( 72 ), which are secured with fixing means ( 7 ) (not illustrated), such as chasers, screws, bolts, adhesives and combinations thereof.
fixing means ( 7 ) such as chasers, screws, bolts, adhesives and combinations thereof.
the fiber cement plates ( 77 ) are arranged in such a way the joints are interspersed from one top to the other.
the fiber cement plates ( 77 ) floor finishings may be made for thermal and acoustic insulation.
the folded ceiling slab ( 72 ) with fiber cement plates ( 77 ) allows between the air duct folds hydrosanitary, electrical, telephone, data, and other installations. Moreover, it facilitates cleaning and maintenance.
the formwork mechanism is a folded floor slab formwork ( 75 ) comprising a plurality of fold forms connected to each other with support beams ( 19 ), each fold formwork includes:
the inclination A is 135° and the inclination B is 45°, both measured from the horizontal having as origin the centroid of the support beam ( 19 ).
each fold formwork forms a valley fold. Therefore, the beams ( 19 ) joining the folding formworks form the top folds.
the folded slab is a slab subjected to compressive stresses, as the sides of its folds are angularly separated by 90°.
the full ( 47 ) is placed on the modules ( 43 and 44 ) of the lower assembly ( 71 ), which preferably has a trapezoidal cross section.
the smaller base of the filler ( 47 ) is oriented towards the smaller base of the support beam ( 19 ).
the full ( 47 ) is completely covered with concrete ( 76 ), leaving a cavity within the concrete slab ( 46 ), which saves concrete and increases the inertia of the slab.
the mesh ( 48 A) is also covered by concrete.
the mesh ( 48 A) is an electro-welded carbon steel mesh. This creates one of the folds of a folded floor slab.
the support beam ( 19 ) connecting to the top folds the second module ( 44 ) of a lower assembly ( 71 ) of a first fold form with the first module ( 43 ) of a lower assembly ( 71 ) of a second fold formwork is a profile with a truncated pentagonal cross section.
the truncated pentagonal section has a truncation that cuts two of its sides.
the pentagonal section has one side longer than the others, which is arranged horizontally.
the truncation is parallel to the longer side.
the truncation allows access to the pentagon inner side of the longest side, where a female connection port ( 74 ) is located. This way, a block ( 30 ) (not illustrated) having a male coupling inserted into the female connection port ( 74 ) can be connected.
the support beams ( 19 ) connecting the modules ( 43 and 44 ) of the lower assembly ( 71 ) are composed of five rectangular sides joined in the shape of a truncated double trapezoid.
the truncated double trapezoid consists of an upper trapezoidal section and a lower trapezoidal section.
the upper trapezoidal section has as major base a first rectangular side arranged horizontally, which is the widest of the five rectangular sides. From the first rectangular side, two rectangular sides forming the lateral faces of the upper trapezoidal section extend diagonally and converge. However, the upper trapezoidal section does not include a minor base.
the lower trapezoidal section has neither a major nor a minor base, but has two rectangular sides, where each rectangular side is connected to one of the rectangular sides composing the lateral faces of the upper trapezoidal section.
the rectangular sides of the lower trapezoidal section extend diagonally and divergently.
the angle formed by the rectangular sides of the upper trapezoidal section with the rectangular sides of the lower trapezoidal section is a right angle. This makes it easier for the module plates ( 3 ) ( 43 and 44 ) to sit on the support beam ( 19 ).
plates ( 3 ) are used to assemble a formwork for a wall ( 78 ).
the wall formwork ( 78 ) comprises a first assembly of wall formwork ( 82 ) comprising:
the plates ( 3 ) of the wall formwork ( 78 ) have diagonal ribs ( 49 ) and stiffening profiles ( 48 ) increasing the stiffness of the plates, and allowing a better dimensional stability of the wall formwork ( 78 ).
the plates ( 3 ) have dimensions less than 2 m, therefore, in order to build high walls, it is necessary to extend the height of the wall formwork ( 78 ). This is accomplished by adding a second wall formwork assembly ( 83 ) above the first wall formwork assembly ( 82 ), and securing the wall formwork assemblies ( 82 and 83 ) with fixing means ( 7 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) go through the lower punctured tabs ( 6 ) of the plates ( 3 ) of the second wall form assembly ( 83 ) and the upper punctured tabs ( 6 ) of the plates ( 3 ) of the first wall formwork assembly ( 82 ).
the fixing means ( 7 ) are small plates and wedge-pins.
the wall formwork ( 78 ) is installed on top of a support surface, e.g. a slab or mortar. Concrete is then poured between the vertical modules ( 79 and 80 ) and the side panels ( 81 ). Before casting the concrete, steel reinforcements, such as rods, meshes and plates, may be installed, which give greater resistance to the wall.
bracing blocks ( 84 ) are connected to the plates ( 3 ) of the wall formwork ( 78 ).
the bracing blocks ( 84 ) are used to support the wall formwork ( 78 ) in a vertical position.
each bracing block ( 84 ) comprises:
the base plate ( 86 ) may be rectangular, circular, regular polygonal, irregular polygonal, ellipsoidal, oblong, or combinations thereof.
each bracing block ( 84 ) includes a second connector ( 96 ) equal to the first connector ( 89 ) connected to a plate ( 3 ) of the wall formwork ( 78 ) and a second bracing parallel ( 95 ) with:
bracing newels ( 88 and 95 ) are supported on the same base plate ( 86 ), saving space on the job site and reducing the number of elements, if compared with the case in which each bracing pair ( 88 and 95 ) has its own base support ( 86 ).
the formwork mechanism of the present invention may be conformed from:
the structural element ( 4 ) has at least one joist ( 13 ), each joist ( 13 ) has a side hole ( 14 ) aligned with a hole ( 5 ) in a plate ( 1 ); where the structural element ( 4 ) is secured to the plate ( 1 ) with a fixing means that crosses the side hole ( 14 ) and hole ( 5 ); and where each joist ( 13 ) includes a first pivot ( 14 A) connected to a joint ( 120 ).
the formwork mechanism allows a mold to be formed to pour a rectangular concrete reticular slab, which may vary its thickness in one or two coplanar directions, for example, in a horizontal direction and a transverse direction that is orthogonal to the horizontal direction.
the articulation ( 120 ) and the first pivot ( 14 A) make it possible to generate a flexible angular joint between two structural elements ( 4 ), for example, between a beam ( 8 ) and an L ( 111 B), a T ( 50 C) or a cross ( 28 B).
the joint ( 120 ) is composed of a support connected to a structural element ( 4 ) by a tongue and groove joint, where the support has a second pivot ( 14 A) aligned with a first pivot ( 14 A) of a joist ( 13 ); and a pin (not illustrated) that runs through the pivots ( 14 A) of the joist ( 13 ) and the support.
joint elements ( 120 ) are subjected to shear stresses generated by the weight of the concrete poured onto the coffers ( 1 ) and the structural elements ( 4 ) to form the slab. Therefore, this joint support ( 120 ) tends
FIG. 10 shows a form of tongue and groove joint to connect a joint support ( 120 ) to a beam ( 8 ).
the beam ( 8 ) has at its longitudinal ends male protuberances, where each male protuberance is inserted into a female cavity located in the joint support ( 120 ).
the pivots ( 14 A) are perforations that pass through the joint support ( 120 ) and the structural element ( 4 ).
the pivots ( 14 A), in combination with the pin (not illustrated) allow two structural elements ( 4 ) connected by the joint ( 120 ) to rotate in relation to a horizontal axis.
the structural element ( 4 ) may have at least two joists ( 13 ), where each joist ( 13 ) includes a first pivot ( 14 A) connected to a joint ( 120 ).
the structural element ( 4 ) may be selected between:
the L ( 111 B) is connected in a corner of a coffer ( 1 ) located in the position where a corner of a mold is defined for a rectangular reticular slab, where the mold is formed with the formwork mechanism of the present invention.
the T ( 50 C) allows to connect between them two coffers ( 1 ) located along the edge of the mold where the edge of the slab would be located. Accordingly, to form the mold perimeter of a reticulated rectangular slab, Ls ( 111 B) are installed in the mold corners, where each L ( 111 B) is coupled to a coffer ( 1 ) located in a corner. Then the Ts ( 50 C) are connected to the L ( 111 B) for initial formation of the slab edges.
Ts ( 50 C) may be connected to L ( 111 B) by means of beams ( 8 ), where each beam ( 8 ) is connected to a joist ( 13 ) of a T ( 50 C) and to a joist ( 13 ) of an L ( 111 B) by means of the articulation ( 120 ).
the other Ts ( 50 C) composing the edge of the mold where the edges of the slab would be located can also be connected by beams ( 8 ), where each beam ( 8 ) is connected to a joist ( 13 ) of a T ( 50 C) by articulation ( 120 ). This allows the Ts ( 50 C) and Ls ( 111 B) to be kept in a horizontal position, while the beams ( 8 ) are tilted with respect to a horizontal plane.
Each cross ( 28 B) is connected to four coffers ( 1 ) with fixing means ( 7 ) that go through the holes ( 5 ) and the side holes ( 14 ).
crosses ( 28 B) may be connected to each other by means of beams ( 8 ), where each beam ( 8 ) is connected to a joist ( 13 ) of a cross ( 28 B) by means of the joint ( 120 ). This makes it possible to keep the crosses ( 29 ) in a horizontal position, while the beams ( 8 ) are inclined with respect to a horizontal plane.
Ts ( 50 C) may be connected to crosses ( 28 B) to form the mold from the mold edges to its center, adding and connecting crosses ( 28 C) with beams ( 8 ) and joints ( 120 ). In this way, the crosses ( 28 B) allow the rest of the mold to be formed for the rectangular reticular slab.
boards ( 41 ) may be arranged, where the boards ( 41 ) allow to form a continuous surface on which the liquid concrete will be supported.
the boards ( 41 ) may be made of wood, plastic or metal. Also, the boards ( 41 ) may be rigid or flexible.
Rigid boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of formworks for homogeneous cross-section reticular slabs; flexible boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of variable cross-section beams and reticular slabs, as they allow a curve to be described that interconnects crosses ( 29 ), beams ( 8 ) and/or Ts ( 50 ).
holes ( 5 ) of the plate ( 3 ) on the coffers ( 1 ) can form on the coffer ( 1 ) after connecting the plates ( 3 ) to the sheet ( 2 ).
holes ( 5 ) may be drilled or punctured.
the formwork mechanism of the present invention may be composed from:
the structural element ( 4 ) is a load support ( 107 ) that has at least one female profile ( 108 ) attached to a male profile ( 109 ), each profile ( 108 , 109 ) includes a support through-hole ( 110 ) aligned with a plate ( 3 ) hole ( 5 ); where the load support ( 107 ) is secured to the plate ( 3 ) with a fixing means passing through the support through-hole ( 110 ) and the plate ( 3 ) hole ( 5 ).
the female profile ( 108 ) may have a cross section with a concave portion, e.g. a C or U cross section.
the cross section of the female profile ( 108 ) may have approximate dimensions from 200 mm to 350 mm long, 50 mm to 90 mm wide and a thickness from 20 mm to 50 mm.
the male profile ( 109 ) has a transverse section with a protruding portion that is inserted into the concave portion of the female profile ( 108 ).
the male profile ( 109 ) may be an L-, T- or C-cross section profile.
the cross section of the male profile ( 109 ) may have approximate dimensions from 200 mm to 350 mm long, 50 mm to 100 mm wide and a height from 70 mm to 110 mm.
the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) include a supporting through-hole ( 110 ) in which a fixing means may be arranged to connect the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) to each other.
a nut ( 108 A) embedded in one of the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) may be arranged, which has its thread coinciding with the support through-hole ( 110 ).
the nut ( 108 A) is connected with a screw ( 108 B) going through a hole ( 5 ) in a plate ( 3 ) of an inclined coffer ( 1 ).
the screw ( 108 B) together with the nut ( 108 A) allow the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) to be connected to the inclined coffers ( 1 ).
the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) In order to ensure the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) adjust to the inclined geometry of the plates ( 3 ) of inclined coffers ( 1 ), the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) have inclined surfaces on their external side faces, i.e. the side faces of the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) coming into contact with the plates ( 3 ).
the coffer ( 1 ) when the coffer ( 1 ) is assembled, it is assembled in such a way the coffer ( 1 ) is left with a demolding angle, which may vary from 0° to 10°.
a demolding angle which may vary from 0° to 10°.
each profile ( 108 , 109 ) may include a nut ( 108 A), where the nuts ( 108 A) are arranged concentrically opposite each other, so the same screw ( 108 B) may be connected to both nuts ( 108 A).
the screw ( 108 B) has a through-hole in which a wedge pin is inserted (not illustrated) ensuring the union of the profiles ( 108 , 109 ) with the plates ( 3 ).
the load support ( 107 ) rests on a bracket ( 114 ); where the bracket ( 114 ) includes a protrusion that connects to an adjustable guide ( 113 ) located on a vertical support.
the bracket ( 114 ) allows to transfer the weight of the coffers ( 1 ) to the vertical supports, which are connected to blocks ( 30 ).
the bracket ( 114 ) preferably has a flat surface on a top face which is parallel to a bottom face of the profiles ( 108 , 109 ).
the vertical support can include a vertical profile with a rectangular cross section and at least two adjustable guides ( 113 ), each adjustable guide ( 113 ) is located on one side of the vertical profile with a rectangular cross section.
the adjustable guides ( 113 ) prevent the movement of the bracket ( 114 ) in a horizontal plane orthogonal to the vertical support. In addition, the adjustable guides ( 113 ) allow the bracket ( 114 ) to slide vertically, allowing the height of the load support ( 107 ) to be adjusted to align the support through-holes ( 110 ) with the holes ( 5 ) in the coffers ( 1 ).
the vertical support may be selected from among:
the L-type bracket ( 111 C) allows you to connect two brackets ( 114 ), each bracket ( 114 ) connected to an adjustable guide ( 113 ).
the L-type support ( 111 C) is installed in the corners of a mold for a rectangular reticular slab. In this case, the bracket ( 114 ) holds two load supports ( 107 ) connected to a corner of a coffer ( 1 ) located in the mold corner.
the T-type support ( 50 C) allows you to connect three brackets ( 114 ), each bracket ( 114 ) connected to an adjustable guide ( 113 ).
the support L-type ( 111 C) allows to connect two coffers ( 1 ) located along the mold edge where the edge of the slab would be located.
L-type supports ( 111 C) are arranged in the mold corners, where each bracket ( 114 ) of each L ( 111 C) holds a load support ( 107 ) which is attached to a coffer ( 1 ) located in a corner.
the mold edges for rectangular reticular slabs are formed by means of the T supports ( 50 C) and their respective bracket ( 114 ) which hold three load supports ( 107 ).
the load brackets ( 107 ) attached to the T-type brackets ( 50 C) are connected to the coffers ( 1 ) located on the mold edges.
cross type brackets ( 28 C) are arranged, where each cross type bracket ( 28 C) has four bracket ( 114 ) holding four load supports ( 107 ), which are connected to four coffers ( 1 ).
each vertical support may include:
One of the functions of the support screws ( 112 ) is to adjust the bracket height ( 114 ).
the support screws ( 112 ) are square threaded for heavy load support.
the coffer ( 1 ) of the formwork mechanism of the present invention may include in its sheet ( 2 ) at least one orthogonal stiffening profile ( 2 B) coupled to an internal face of the sheet ( 2 ) and extending between two plates ( 3 ) parallel to each other.
the sheet ( 2 ) may include at least one diagonal stiffening profile ( 2 C) attached to one inner side of the sheet ( 2 );
the sheet ( 2 ) may include six orthogonal stiffening profiles ( 2 B) as shown in FIG. 13 , where three of the orthogonal stiffening profiles ( 2 B) are orthogonal with the other three orthogonal stiffening profiles ( 2 B).
each orthogonal stiffening profile ( 2 B) has a geometry similar to the sheet ( 2 ) and a thickness between 1 mm to 10 mm, which varies its section, allows the sheet ( 2 ) to have a better shape and stiffness and also has another diagonal stiffening profile ( 2 C) with a geometry similar to the orthogonal stiffener ( 2 B) and thus increasing the stiffness of the sheet ( 2 ) compared to a sheet ( 2 ) without reinforcements.
the stiffening profiles ( 2 B, 2 C) transmit the load directly to the stiffening profile ( 48 ) of the plate ( 3 ) because, as illustrated in FIG. 13 coincide in space and the orthogonal stiffeners ( 2 B) rest on the rigidizing profile ( 48 ) of these loads are transmitted and supported by a fixing means (not illustrated), such as a pin wedge, screw, bolt or flap, where the fixing means is connected to a structural element ( 4 ), e.g. a beam ( 8 ).
the structural element ( 4 ) is connected to a block ( 3 ) transmitting the load of the coffers ( 1 ) and the concrete that the coffers ( 1 ) and structural elements ( 4 ) load towards the ground.
boards ( 41 ) may be arranged, where the boards ( 41 ) allow to form a continuous surface on which the liquid concrete will be supported.
the boards ( 41 ) may be made of wood, plastic or metal. Also, the boards ( 41 ) may be rigid or flexible.
Rigid boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of forms for homogeneous cross-section reticular slabs; flexible boards ( 41 ) are ideal for the construction of variable cross-section beams and reticular slabs, as they allow a curve to be described that interconnects crosses ( 29 ), beams ( 8 ) and/or Ts ( 50 ).
the coffers ( 1 ) of the present invention may be made of composite materials formed by polymeric matrix (e.g. polyester, vinylester, epoxy) reinforced with basalt fibers.
polymeric matrix e.g. polyester, vinylester, epoxy
Basalt can support greater loads than glass fibers, and allow good performance in humid conditions and temperatures above 50° C., as are the usual conditions during concrete curing.
the structural elements ( 4 ) can also be made of composite materials composed of polymeric matrix (e.g. polyester, vinylester, epoxy) reinforced with basalt fibers.
polymeric matrix e.g. polyester, vinylester, epoxy
the coffers ( 1 ) may be arranged in such a way as to form a mold for a reticular parabolic slab.
the coffers ( 1 ) are assembled in such a way they form arches with parabolic nerves.
the coffer ( 1 ) may be straight as illustrated in FIG. 14 . or it may be a coffer ( 1 ) inclined (not illustrated).
coffers are connected ( 1 ) at the beginning of the parabola; two coffers are connected ( 1 ) as illustrated in FIG. 14 fixed with a hinged support ( 115 B) composed of a leg-joint ( 119 B) which has three holes, one at the end called the hinged through-hole ( 122 A) which allows by fixing means (e.g.
the coffer through-hole ( 122 B) which has the function of allowing the insertion of the non-illustrated pin that crosses the coffers ( 1 ) and thus fixing it to the coffer ( 1 ) and finally at the other end another assembly through-hole ( 122 C) which allows the part of this configuration 119 B and 121 B to be assembled and fixed by means of an unillustrated pin, as illustrated in the FIG. 14 .
the desired angle is adjusted with small variations (angles may be given between 0° and 90°) by means of an adjustable screw of opposite threads ( 124 ) that is articulated at its ends at the bottom ( 124 A) and at the top ( 124 B), located at the leg end of the articulation element—leg ( 119 B), these two joints are joined with non-illustrated pins inserted into the screw through-holes ( 125 ) and thus pin the adjustable screw of opposing threads ( 124 ) and allow it to perform its work.
a straight coffer ( 1 ) was designed and built according to the following features:
slab formwork A formwork for a reticular slab was designed and built (hereinafter slab formwork).
the slab formwork is rectangular and rests on four structural columns ( 67 ) of concrete interconnected by concrete structural beams ( 68 ).
the coffers ( 1 ) on the slab formwork corners are L-type coffers ( 1 ) with the following features:
non-recoverable square plates ( 69 ) of polystyrene which are 25 cm on the sides and 10 mm thick.
the coffers ( 1 ) of the slab formwork periphery are sliding coffers ( 1 ) with the following dimensions and features:
the caps ( 61 and 62 ) are secured to each other by fixing means ( 7 ), which are pin-wedges and plates.
the rest of the coffers ( 1 ) are straight coffers ( 1 ) as in example 1.
the coffers ( 1 ) are interconnected with crosses ( 29 ) with the following features:
the crosses ( 29 ) there are phenolic wood boards ( 41 ) joining the crosses ( 29 ) with self-drilling screws.
the boards ( 41 ) are 100 mm wide, 120 cm long, and 15 mm thick.

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US16/474,042 2016-12-26 2017-12-23 Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete which comprises a coffer with a sheet and four plates disposed on the perimeter of the sheet Abandoned US20200018082A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CONC2016/0005799A CO2016005799A1 (es)	2016-12-26	2016-12-26	Mecanismo de formaleta
CONC2016/0005799		2016-12-26
PCT/IB2017/058387 WO2018122721A1 (es)	2016-12-26	2017-12-23	Mecanismo de formaleta para vaciado y moldeado de concreto, que comprende un caseton con una lamina y cuatro placas dispuestas en el perimetro de la lamina

Related Parent Applications (1)

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PCT/IB2017/058387 A-371-Of-International WO2018122721A1 (es)	2016-12-26	2017-12-23	Mecanismo de formaleta para vaciado y moldeado de concreto, que comprende un caseton con una lamina y cuatro placas dispuestas en el perimetro de la lamina

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US18/345,658 Continuation US12297652B2 (en)	2016-12-26	2023-06-30	Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete, comprising a coffer with a sheet and four plates arranged around the sheet's perimeter

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US16/474,042 Abandoned US20200018082A1 (en)	2016-12-26	2017-12-23	Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete which comprises a coffer with a sheet and four plates disposed on the perimeter of the sheet
US18/345,658 Active US12297652B2 (en)	2016-12-26	2023-06-30	Formwork mechanism for casting and moulding concrete, comprising a coffer with a sheet and four plates arranged around the sheet's perimeter

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US (2)	US20200018082A1 (es)
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Publication number	Publication date
BR112019013308A8 (pt)	2022-07-12
BR112019013308A2 (pt)	2019-12-10
US12297652B2 (en)	2025-05-13
US20230340793A1 (en)	2023-10-26
WO2018122721A1 (es)	2018-07-05
MX2019007754A (es)	2020-01-27
CO2016005799A1 (es)	2018-07-10

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KR20160148659A (ko)	2016-12-26	구조적 모듈 빌딩 커넥터
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