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US20190256387A1 - Extract of plant powder, and water purifier - Google Patents

Extract of plant powder, and water purifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US20190256387A1
US20190256387A1 US16/333,440 US201716333440A US2019256387A1 US 20190256387 A1 US20190256387 A1 US 20190256387A1 US 201716333440 A US201716333440 A US 201716333440A US 2019256387 A1 US2019256387 A1 US 2019256387A1
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Prior art keywords
component
water
measurement
fractionated
ethanol
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Inventor
Takanori Fujita
Ryu Shimada
Masahiko Ito
Masato Hasegawa
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Dexerials Corp
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Dexerials Corp
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Priority claimed from PCT/JP2017/032941 external-priority patent/WO2018051992A1/ja
Assigned to DEXERIALS CORPORATION reassignment DEXERIALS CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FUJITA, TAKANORI, HASEGAWA, MASATO, ITO, MASAHIKO, SHIMADA, Ryu
Publication of US20190256387A1 publication Critical patent/US20190256387A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
    • B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/286—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using natural organic sorbents or derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5272—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using specific organic precipitants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/58—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by removing specified dissolved compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
    • A61K31/716—Glucans
    • A61K31/722—Chitin, chitosan
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
    • A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
    • A61K47/6921—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere
    • A61K47/6927—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores
    • A61K47/6929—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores the form being a nanoparticle, e.g. an immuno-nanoparticle
    • A61K47/6931—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores the form being a nanoparticle, e.g. an immuno-nanoparticle the material constituting the nanoparticle being a polymer
    • A61K47/6939—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit the form being a particulate, a powder, an adsorbate, a bead or a sphere the form being a solid microparticle having no hollow or gas-filled cores the form being a nanoparticle, e.g. an immuno-nanoparticle the material constituting the nanoparticle being a polymer the polymer being a polysaccharide, e.g. starch, chitosan, chitin, cellulose or pectin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K49/00—Preparations for testing in vivo
    • A61K49/06—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations
    • A61K49/18—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes
    • A61K49/1818—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles
    • A61K49/1821—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles
    • A61K49/1824—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles
    • A61K49/1827—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles having a (super)(para)magnetic core, being a solid MRI-active material, e.g. magnetite, or composed of a plurality of MRI-active, organic agents, e.g. Gd-chelates, or nuclei, e.g. Eu3+, encapsulated or entrapped in the core of the coated or functionalised nanoparticle
    • A61K49/1851—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles having a (super)(para)magnetic core, being a solid MRI-active material, e.g. magnetite, or composed of a plurality of MRI-active, organic agents, e.g. Gd-chelates, or nuclei, e.g. Eu3+, encapsulated or entrapped in the core of the coated or functionalised nanoparticle having a (super)(para)magnetic core coated or functionalised with an organic macromolecular compound, i.e. oligomeric, polymeric, dendrimeric organic molecule
    • A61K49/1863—Nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] contrast preparations; Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] contrast preparations characterised by a special physical form, e.g. emulsions, microcapsules, liposomes particles, e.g. uncoated or non-functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised microparticles or nanoparticles coated or functionalised nanoparticles having a (super)(para)magnetic core, being a solid MRI-active material, e.g. magnetite, or composed of a plurality of MRI-active, organic agents, e.g. Gd-chelates, or nuclei, e.g. Eu3+, encapsulated or entrapped in the core of the coated or functionalised nanoparticle having a (super)(para)magnetic core coated or functionalised with an organic macromolecular compound, i.e. oligomeric, polymeric, dendrimeric organic molecule the organic macromolecular compound being a polysaccharide or derivative thereof, e.g. chitosan, chitin, cellulose, pectin, starch
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K8/73—Polysaccharides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
    • C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/203—Iron or iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/22—Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a plant powder extract and a water-purifying agent containing the extract, both used for purification of water such as industrial wastewater.
  • waste liquids including environmentally hazardous substances such as metal ions and fluorine ions as inorganic ions have been generated in the processes for producing various products in plants.
  • the flocculating precipitation method there has been proposed a method of performing a step of adding a base to wastewater in which heavy metal ions are dissolved, to make the wastewater basic, insolubilize at least part of the heavy metal ions, and form a suspended solid matter, a step of adding an inorganic flocculant to the wastewater to make the suspended solid matter flocculate and settle, a step of adding a polymeric flocculant to the wastewater to turn the suspended solid matter to a macrofloc, and an adsorbing step of passing the wastewater through an adsorption layer containing a cation exchanger formed of a leafy vegetable such as mulukhiya and Japanese mustard spinach (see, e.g., PTL 1).
  • the present invention has an object to identify effective components in plant powders that contribute to water purification and provide a water-purifying agent that can exhibit an excellent water-purifying performance to wastewater efficiently even in a small amount and infallibly.
  • a fractionated component 1 (hereinafter, may also be referred to as component 1 in the present invention) of a water extract of a plant powder,
  • fractionated component 1 is a fractionated component having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater
  • an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to cellulose in a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement, and
  • FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS measurement.
  • fractionated component 1 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater by 50% or greater.
  • plant powder is a powder of Corchorus olitorius.
  • a fractionated component 2 (hereinafter, may also be referred to as component 2 in the present invention) of a water extract of a plant powder,
  • fractionated component 2 is a fractionated component having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 3,400,
  • an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement.
  • fractionated component 2 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 200 through 2,500 by 90% or greater.
  • fractionated component 2 is a water-soluble chitosan.
  • plant powder is a powder of Corchorus olitorius.
  • a water-purifying agent including:
  • a water-purifying agent including:
  • a water-purifying agent including:
  • a water-purifying agent including:
  • an extracted component which is formed of a fractionated component 1 having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater, is contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.5% by mass or greater,
  • an ethanol-undissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in a FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to cellulose in a GC-MS measurement
  • an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 1 exhibits a peak attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement and exhibits a peak attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS measurement.
  • fractionated component 1 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater by 50% or greater.
  • plant powder is a powder of Corchorus olitorius.
  • a water-purifying agent including:
  • an extracted component which is formed of a fractionated component 2 having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 3,400, is contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.05% by mass or greater,
  • an ethanol-dissolved component of the fractionated component 2 exhibits a peak attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement.
  • fractionated component 2 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 200 through 2,500 by 90% or greater.
  • fractionated component 2 is a water-soluble chitosan.
  • plant powder is a powder of Corchorus olitorius.
  • the water-purifying agent is the water-purifying agent according to any one of ⁇ 18> to ⁇ 23>.
  • polymeric flocculant is polyacrylamide
  • a wastewater treatment method including:
  • wastewater is wastewater including the inorganic unnecessary substance containing at least any one selected from the group consisting of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, tin, and lead.
  • the present invention can provide a water-purifying agent that can exhibit an excellent water-purifying performance to wastewater efficiently even in a small amount and infallibly.
  • FIG. 1 is an image diagram illustrating a fractionated component 1 (may also be referred to as component 1) and a fractionated component 2 (may also be referred to as component 2), which are the subjects of the present invention among water extracts of a plant powder;
  • FIG. 2 is an image diagram illustrating a method for extracting the component 1 and the component 2;
  • FIG. 3 is a graph plotting a result of an experiment of a water-purifying effect of the component 1;
  • FIG. 4 plots a result of a microscopic IR measurement of the component 2
  • FIG. 5 is a graph plotting a result of an experiment of a water-purifying effect of the component 2;
  • FIG. 6A plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-undissolved component (component A) of the component 1;
  • FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • FIG. 6B plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-dissolved component (component B) of the component 1;
  • FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • FIG. 6C plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-undissolved component (component G) of the component 2;
  • FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • FIG. 6D plots a result of a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) measurement of an ethanol-dissolved component (component H) of the component 2;
  • FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
  • FIG. 7A plots a result of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-undissolved component (component A) of the component 1;
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • FIG. 7B plots a result of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-dissolved component (component B) of the component 1;
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • FIG. 7C plots a result of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-undissolved component (component G) of the component 2;
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • FIG. 7D plots a result of a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement of the ethanol-dissolved component (component H) of the component 2;
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • FIG. 8A plots a result of a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) measurement of the component 1;
  • FIG. 8B plots a result of a gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) measurement of the component 2;
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram indicating an identification number of “intermediate jute No. 3” that may be used in the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram indicating an identification number of “intermediate kenaf” that may be used in the present invention.
  • extracted components which are formed of a fractionated component 1 (may also be referred to as component 1 in the present invention) having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater and a fractionated component 2 (may also be referred to as component 2 in the present invention) having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 3,400 illustrated in FIG. 1 , each have an excellent water-purifying action.
  • the plant is not particularly limited and any plant that contains the component 1 and the component 2 in effective amounts respectively may be used.
  • Preferable examples of the plant include Corchorus olitorius and mulukhiya.
  • Corchorus olitorius for example, Corchorus olitorius produced in Nansha City of China, or “intermediate jute No. 4” under nationally identified hemp 2013, “intermediate jute No. 3” under varieties identification of registration No. 1209006 in Anhui province, “intermediate jute No. 1” under XPD005-2005, and “intermediate kenaf” under varieties identification of registration No. 1209001 in Anhui province, which are identification numbers in Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, can be suitably used.
  • the “intermediate jute No. 4”, the “intermediate jute No. 3”, and the “intermediate kenaf” are more preferable, and the “intermediate jute No. 4” is particularly preferable.
  • the identification number of the “intermediate jute No. 3” is indicated in FIG. 9 .
  • the identification number of the “intermediate kenaf” is indicated in FIG. 10 .
  • the “intermediate jute No. 4” has the following properties.
  • the fractionated component 1 can be extracted according to a method illustrated in FIG. 2 . Specifically, a dry plant is ground and subjected to extraction using ethyl acetate. Subsequently, the extraction residue is further subjected to extraction using distilled water, to obtain a supernatant. The supernatant is subjected to dialysis, to separate a component having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater. In this way, the fractionated component 1 is obtained.
  • ethanol-undissolved component (denoted by component A in FIG. 1 ) of the fractionated component 1 was measured by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) method. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 6A .
  • This FT-IR measurement was performed with FTS-7000e/UMA600, VARIAN, and microscopic diamond cells.
  • FT-IR measurements of a component B, a component G, and a component H described below were also performed under the same conditions.
  • the component A exhibited peaks attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement. That is, the component A exhibited peaks near 1,700 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (ketone stretching) and near 1,600 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (amide stretching).
  • the component A was also measured by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7A .
  • GC-MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry
  • This GC-MS measurement was performed with JMS-600H available from JEOL, using Ionization mode: EI+.
  • GC-MS measurements of the component B, the component G, and the component H described below were also performed under the same conditions.
  • the component A exhibited peaks attributable to cellulose in the GC-MS measurement.
  • Attributions of the peaks (A1) to (A20) in FIG. 7A are estimated to be as follows.
  • the component B exhibited peaks attributable to carboxylic acid in the FT-IR measurement. That is, the component B exhibited peaks near 1,700 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (ketone stretching) and near 1,600 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (amide stretching).
  • the component B was also measured by GC-MS. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7B .
  • the component B exhibited peaks attributable to a plant protein in the GC-MS measurement.
  • Attributions of the peaks (B1) to (B16) in FIG. 7B are estimated to be as follows.
  • the component 1 is considered to be formed of uronic acid or carboxylic acid that has a structure similar to galacturonic acid. Hence, the component 1 is considered to have inorganic ions adsorb thereto and exhibit an excellent effect in water purification.
  • the component 1 was also measured by gel permeation chromatograph (GPC). The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 8A .
  • GPC measurement was performed with GPC SYSTEM 21, Shodex, and TSKgel GMPW.
  • GPC measurement of the component 2 described below was also performed under the same conditions.
  • the component 1 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 300,000 or greater by 50% (area) or greater.
  • the component 1 was able to improve the water quality (reduction in the Ni ion concentration) in a smaller amount than the PAM.
  • the fractionated component 2 can be extracted according to the method illustrated in FIG. 2 . Specifically, a component having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 12,000, which was obtained by the dialysis described above, is further subjected to dialysis, to obtain a component having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 6,000, which is further subjected to dialysis, to obtain and separate a component having a fractionation molecular weight of less than 3,400. In this way, the fractionated component 2 is obtained.
  • the component G exhibits peaks attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement. That is, the component G exhibits main peaks in a range of from 1,590 (cm ⁇ 1 ) through 1,630 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (amide stretching).
  • the component G was also measured by GC-MS. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7C .
  • the component G exhibits peaks of 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in the GC-MS measurement.
  • Attributions of the peaks (C1) to (C13) in FIG. 7C are estimated to be as follows.
  • the component H exhibits peaks attributable to an amide group in the FT-IR measurement. That is, the component H exhibits main peaks in a range of from 1,590 (cm ⁇ 1 ) through 1,630 (cm ⁇ 1 ) (amide stretching).
  • the component H was also measured by GC-MS. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 7D .
  • the component H exhibits peaks of 1,8-diazacyclotetradecane-2,7-dione in the GC-MS measurement.
  • Attributions of the peaks (D1) to (D17) in FIG. 7C are estimated to be as follows.
  • the component 2 is considered to be a water-soluble chitosan.
  • Chitosans (chitins) extracted from, for example, crustacean are typically water-insoluble, but water-soluble chitosan is considered to be effective in adsorption of inorganic ions.
  • water solubility means solubility of 50% by mass of greater in water.
  • the component 2 was also measured by GPC. The result of the measurement is plotted in FIG. 8B .
  • the component 2 contains a substance having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 200 through 2,500 by 90% (area) or greater.
  • FIG. 5 (i) plots the change of the Ni ion concentration when the extract formed of the component 2 was directly added in water containing Ni.
  • FIG. 5 (ii) and (iii) plot the changes of the Ni ion concentration when a commercially available ZETA ACE as a flocculant and chitosan were added in water containing Ni.
  • the component 2 achieved a result similar to the case of adding chitosan in the wastewater. Also from this result, the component 2 is considered to be a chitosan.
  • the water-purifying agent of the present invention contains a plant powder.
  • the plant powder contain the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof, which is/are (Extract of plant powder) described above.
  • the water-purifying agent contain a plant powder that contains extracted component(s) formed of the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof in predetermined effective amount(s).
  • the water-purifying agent of the present invention contains the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof extracted by the production method described above.
  • the water-purifying agent of the present invention contain both of the component 1 and the component 2 extracted by the production method described above.
  • the component 1 and the component 2 both have a water-purifying function but have different mechanisms of the water-purifying function.
  • a water-purifying agent containing both of the component 1 and the component 2 is more preferable.
  • the water-purifying agent of the present invention contains a plant powder containing extracted component(s) formed of the component 1 or the component 2, or both thereof.
  • the component 1 is contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.5% by mass or greater, more preferably in an amount of 0.7% by mass, and yet more preferably in an amount of 0.9% by mass as will be demonstrated by Examples.
  • the component 2 is contained in the plant powder in an amount of 0.05% by mass or greater, and more preferably in an amount of 0.07% by mass.
  • the component 1 and the component 2 were extracted from a dried product of Corchorus olitorius including all leaves, stalks, and roots.
  • Table 1 the result presented in Table 1 below was achieved as a result of one experiment example.
  • the numerals (1) to (5) in Table 1 correspond to the numerals (1) to (5) in FIG. 2 . That is, when the raw material of the plant powder is regarded as 100 parts by mass, the component 1 was extracted in an amount of 0.9 parts by mass, and the component 2 was extracted in an amount of 0.07 parts by mass (see the results of (2) and (5) in Table 1).
  • the yields of the component 1 and the component 2 vary depending on the plant powder, which is the raw material. Hence, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the contents of the component 1 and the component 2 to desired ranges respectively, by varying the ratio among leaves, stalks, and roots of the plant.
  • the water-purifying agent may contain additives such as a polymeric flocculant, a filler, a thickener, a colorant, and a thixotropy imparting agent as other additives.
  • additives such as a polymeric flocculant, a filler, a thickener, a colorant, and a thixotropy imparting agent as other additives.
  • the polymeric flocculant is not particularly limited so long as the polymeric flocculant exhibits an effect of removing the inorganic unnecessary substance in wastewater like the powder of the plant described above.
  • the polymeric flocculant include polyacrylamide (PAM), a salt obtained by partially hydrolyzing polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, sodium polyacrylate, and CMC sodium salt.
  • PAM polyacrylamide
  • polyacrylamide is preferable for use.
  • commercially available products FLOPAN AN 956, FLOPAN AN 995SH, FA 920SH, FO 4490, and AN 923 available from SNF Japan Co., Ltd.
  • the ratio of the component 1 in the water-purifying agent that also contains the other additives such as the polymeric flocculant be 0.5% by mass or greater relative to the total amount of the water-purifying agent.
  • the ratio of the component 2 be 0.05% by mass or greater relative to the total amount of the water-purifying agent.
  • a wastewater treatment method of the present invention is for removing the inorganic unnecessary substance in wastewater by feeding the water-purifying agent of the present invention described above to the wastewater.
  • the inorganic unnecessary substance examples include an inorganic unnecessary substance that contains at least any one selected from the group consisting of nickel, fluorine, iron, copper, zinc, chromium, arsenic, cadmium, and lead.
  • the wastewater treatment method of the present invention will be specifically described.
  • the water-purifying agent of the present invention after an insolubilizing step of adding a base to wastewater to make the wastewater basic, insolubilize at least part of the heavy metal ions, and form a suspended solid matter.
  • the water-purifying agent is fed to the wastewater to make the inorganic unnecessary substance flocculate and settle, and the settled, separated precipitate is removed. In this way, the wastewater is purified.
  • intermediate jute No. 4 which was Corchorus olitorius having an identification number 2013 in Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was used.
  • a dried product (containing the component 1 in an amount of 0.56% by mass) of a plant including all leaves, stalks, and roots of the intermediate jute No. 4 (with a ratio of the leaves in the plant of 8% by mass) was used.
  • the intermediate jute No. 4 was dried and ground, and then separated through a sieve, in order to use a product with a size of 250 micrometers or less.
  • the component 1 being contained in an amount of 0.56% by mass in the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 used in the present Example was confirmed by performing the extracting operation described below.
  • ethyl acetate was added to the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, to obtain a 10% by mass solution, which was left to stand still at room temperature (23 degrees C.) for 8 hours, followed by filtration through a filter paper.
  • the residue was washed with ethyl acetate, and then further subjected to extraction using distilled water, to obtain a supernatant, which was subjected to dialysis to separate a component having a fractionation molecular weight of 12,000 or greater, to obtain the component 1.
  • the ratio of the component 1 relative to the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, which was the raw material was calculated.
  • the initial Ni ion concentration was 60 ppm.
  • the result of the nickel ion concentration when the water-purifying agent of the present invention was added is presented in Table 3 below. As presented in Table 3, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was confirmed. With a nickel ion concentration of 8 ppm or lower, it can be judged that the water-purifying agent is non-problematic in practical use.
  • Example 2 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio of leaves of 10% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of 0.7% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 2.
  • Example 3 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio of leaves of 100% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of 7.0% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 3.
  • Example 2 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product mainly containing stalks and roots but free of leaves (containing the component 1 in an amount of 0.1% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was poor in Comparative Example 1.
  • Example 2 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio of leaves of 3% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of 0.21% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, a sufficient reduction in the nickel ion concentration was not achieved in Comparative Example 2.
  • Example 3 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4 was changed to a dried product with a ratio of leaves of 5% by mass (containing the component 1 in an amount of 0.35% by mass). As presented in Table 3 below, a sufficient reduction in the nickel ion concentration was not achieved in Comparative Example 3.
  • Example 4 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, except that unlike in Example 1, an extract formed of the component 1, extracted from the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, was used instead of the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, and this extract was directly added in an amount of 50 ppm. As presented in Table 3 below, reduction in the nickel ion concentration was confirmed in Example 4.
  • Example 4 An experiment was performed in the same manner as in Example 4, except that unlike in Example 4, the extract formed of the component 1, extracted from the dried product of the intermediate jute No. 4, was added with the amount of addition changed to 5 ppm. As presented in Table 3 below, an excellent reduction in the nickel ion concentration that is the same as in Example 4 was confirmed with even such a small amount of addition.
  • Example 6 Although the nickel ion concentration reducing effect was better in Example 1, a good nickel ion concentration reducing effect, which was almost the same as in Example 1, was exhibited in Example 6.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
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