[go: up one dir, main page]

US20070166800A1 - Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant - Google Patents

Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070166800A1
US20070166800A1 US11/331,575 US33157506A US2007166800A1 US 20070166800 A1 US20070166800 A1 US 20070166800A1 US 33157506 A US33157506 A US 33157506A US 2007166800 A1 US2007166800 A1 US 2007166800A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
antigen
immunogenic composition
adjuvant
pika
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US11/331,575
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Haixiang Lin
Lie Li
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Newbiomed PIKA Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US11/331,575 priority Critical patent/US20070166800A1/en
Assigned to NEWBIOMED PIKA PTE LTD reassignment NEWBIOMED PIKA PTE LTD ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: LI, LIE TAO, LIN, HAIXIANG
Priority to KR1020087015328A priority patent/KR20080091106A/ko
Priority to CN2006800007767A priority patent/CN101166559B/zh
Priority to HK08108667.7A priority patent/HK1112863B/zh
Priority to AU2006335367A priority patent/AU2006335367B2/en
Priority to NZ570379A priority patent/NZ570379A/en
Priority to PCT/SG2006/000176 priority patent/WO2007081287A1/en
Priority to CA002632415A priority patent/CA2632415A1/en
Priority to US12/160,583 priority patent/US20090175902A1/en
Priority to RU2008133217/15A priority patent/RU2462264C2/ru
Priority to BRPI0621181A priority patent/BRPI0621181A8/pt
Priority to JP2008550270A priority patent/JP2009523721A/ja
Priority to EP06748124A priority patent/EP1971402A4/en
Priority to MYPI20070043 priority patent/MY150706A/en
Priority to TW096101298A priority patent/TWI503125B/zh
Publication of US20070166800A1 publication Critical patent/US20070166800A1/en
Priority to IL192746A priority patent/IL192746A0/en
Priority to CU20080135A priority patent/CU23810A3/es
Priority to ZA200806339A priority patent/ZA200806339B/xx
Priority to US13/032,543 priority patent/US8303966B2/en
Priority to US13/632,903 priority patent/US20130115244A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
    • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K39/39—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by the immunostimulating additives, e.g. chemical adjuvants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/16—Antivirals for RNA viruses for influenza or rhinoviruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • A61P31/18—Antivirals for RNA viruses for HIV
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/20—Antivirals for DNA viruses
    • A61P31/22—Antivirals for DNA viruses for herpes viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P33/00—Antiparasitic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
    • C12P19/26—Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates
    • C12P19/28—N-glycosides
    • C12P19/30—Nucleotides
    • C12P19/34—Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • A61K2039/555—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies characterised by a specific combination antigen/adjuvant
    • A61K2039/55511—Organic adjuvants
    • A61K2039/55561—CpG containing adjuvants; Oligonucleotide containing adjuvants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

  • the invention generally relates to immunogenic compositions and methods of their use. More specifically the invention relates to an immunogenic composition comprising a polynucleotide adjuvant in combination with one or more antigenic substances to be used to elicit disease specific immune response in a host.
  • Nonspecific immunity encompasses various cells and mechanisms such as phagocytosis (the engulfing of foreign particles or antigens) by macrophages or granulocytes, and natural killer (NK) cell activity, among others.
  • Nonspecific immunity relies on mechanisms less evolutionarily advanced and does not display the acquired nature of specificity and memory, which are exemplary hallmarks of a specific immune response.
  • the key differences between specific and nonspecific immunity are based upon B and T cell specificity. These cells predominantly acquire their responsiveness after activation with a specific antigen and have mechanisms to display memory in the event of future exposure to that specific antigen.
  • vaccination involving specificity and memory
  • B and T lymphocytes which display specific receptors on their cell surface for a given antigen, produce specific immunity.
  • the specific immune system may respond to different antigens in two ways: 1) humoral-mediated immunity, which includes B cell stimulation and production of antibodies or immunoglobulins, antigen and helper T cells (Th2), and 2) cell-mediated immunity, which generally involves T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), although other cells are also involved in the generation of a CTL response (e.g., antigen presenting cells and Th1 cells).
  • humoral-mediated immunity which includes B cell stimulation and production of antibodies or immunoglobulins, antigen and helper T cells (Th2)
  • Th2 antigen and helper T cells
  • CTLs cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  • Adjuvants are generally compounds, that when administered with an antigen (either mixed with, or given prior to the administration of the antigen) enhances and/or modifies the immune response to that particular antigen.
  • Exemplary adjuvants that have been used to enhance an immune response include aluminum compounds (all generally referred to as “Alum”), oil-in-water emulsions (complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) is an oil-in-water emulsion containing dried, heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms), Saponin (isolated from the bark of Quillaja Saponoria , the adjuvant active component known as Quile A), CpG ODN (synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing unmethylated CpG dinucleotides), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) derived from the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella minnesota Re595, Liposomes (usually made up of biodegradable materials such as phospholipids) and biodegradable polymer microspheres (made from a variety of polymers such as, polyphosphazene and polyanhydrides). The adjuvant properties of these compounds have been evaluated with
  • Double-stranded RNAs are very potent biologic modifiers that can exert a profound influence on cells at nanomolar concentrations.
  • the modulating effects of dsRNA include a broad spectrum of actions at the molecular and cellular levels.
  • dsRNAs can elicit biological effects such as interferon synthesis, induction of protein kinase, enhancement of histocompatibility antigen and inhibition of metabolism. And at the cellular level, dsRNA can elicit biological effects such as pyrogenicity, mitogenicity, macrophage activation, activation of humoral immunity, activation of cell-mediated immunity and induction of antiviral state. Immunomodulating effects of dsRNAs has been disclosed.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,124,702 disclosed that double stranded polynucleotides induced interferon induction in living animal cells.
  • 3,906,092 disclosed that the antibody response to an adjuvant type vaccine was augmented by incorporation in the vaccine of a polynucleotide or a complex of polynucleotides.
  • Houston et al. established PICLC (polyinosinic acid polycytidylic acid poly-L-lysinecarboxy-methylcellulose complex) as a potent adjuvant by increasing primary antibody response without the aid of an additional adjuvant.
  • Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid (PIC), one of most studied polynucleotide complexes, was not effective when used in monkeys and humans due to its instability in the body after administration.
  • PIC has been modified in many ways to overcome one or another deficiency.
  • a complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid with poly-L-lysine hydrobromide is about 5 to 15 times as resistant to hydrolysis by pancreatic ribonuclease as the parent PIC.
  • the present invention provides novel immunogenic compositions that exhibit improved safety and efficacy profiles; and methods of use of such compositions.
  • Subject immunogenic compositions include a polynucleotide adjuvant and an antigen.
  • the present invention relates to novel immunogenic compositions comprising a polynucleotide adjuvant composition together with an immunogenic or antigenic substance, and methods of use in eliciting an immune response.
  • FIG. 1 . 1 is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/HBsAg antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 2 is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/influenza antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 3 a is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/HIV antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 3 b is a graph showing a percentage of CD4 positive cells expressing INF-gamma in response to the administration of a PIKA/HIV antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 4 a is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/anthrax antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 4 b is a graph showing a percentage of CD4 positive cells expressing INF-gamma in response to the administration of a PIKA/anthrax antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 5 a is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/HSV composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 5 b is a graph showing a percentage of CD4 positive cells expressing INF-gamma in response to the administration of a PIKA/HSV antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 6 a is a graph showing an immune response to the administration of a PIKA/H5N1 composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 6 b is a graph showing a percentage of CD4 positive cells expressing INF-gamma in response to the administration of a PIKA/H5N1 antigen composition.
  • FIG. 1 . 6 c is a graph showing a percentage of CD8 positive cells expressing INF-gamma in response to the administration of a PIKA/H5N1 antigen composition.
  • FIG. 2 is a graph showing specific antibody levels after administration of a PIKA/SARS composition.
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing in-vivo specific antibody levels after administration of a PIKA/H5N1/H9N2 composition.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing comparative protection properties of three rabies vaccines.
  • FIGS. 5A-5E provide a table of exemplary viral pathogens which can serve as a source of antigen and diseases associated with these organisms.
  • FIGS. 6A-6D provide a table of exemplary bacterial pathogens which can serve as a source of antigen and diseases associated with these organisms.
  • FIGS. 7A-7B provide a table of exemplary fungal pathogens which can serve as a source of antigen and diseases associated with these organisms.
  • FIGS. 8A-8D provide a table of exemplary parasites which can serve as a source of antigen and diseases associated with these organisms.
  • FIGS. 9A-9C provide a table of exemplary cancers (e.g., by tissue type) which serve as a source of antigen.
  • adjuvant refers to any substance or mixture of substances that increases or diversifies the immune response of a host to an antigenic compound. Specifically:
  • Poly I:C or “PIC” refers to a composition containing polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic nucleic acids, which may also be referred to as polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid, respectively.
  • PIC-containing molecule or “PIC-containing compound” refers to, without limitation, PIC, which may be optionally complexed or otherwise combined with at least one or both of an antibiotic (e.g., kanamycin) and a positive ion (e.g., calcium) present in a composition containing the PIC-containing molecule.
  • an antibiotic e.g., kanamycin
  • a positive ion e.g., calcium
  • the PIC-containing molecule does not include poly-L-lysine or a derivative thereof in the complex.
  • Heterogeneous indicates that components of the composition, e.g., the PIC-containing molecules, are not uniform with respect to a physical characteristic of molecular weight, size, or both.
  • a composition is described as heterogenous for a given physical characteristic, and is further described by a range of values for that physical characteristic, the composition is said to be composed substantially of molecules characterized by molecules having a physical characteristic that is distributed within and across the recited range. While the composition may not contain a molecule representative of every physical characteristic value within the upper and lower limits of a recited range, the composition will generally include at least one molecule having the physical characteristic of the upper value and of the lower value.
  • the composition in certain embodiments may include molecules outside the stated range of physical characteristics used to describe the composition. The molecules that are present in the composition outside the prescribed range do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition.
  • the term “individual,” used interchangeably herein with “host,” “subject,” and “animal,” includes humans and all domestic, e.g livestock and pets, and wild mammals and fowl, including, without limitation, cattle, horses, cows, swine, sheep, goats, dogs, cats, rabbits, deer, mink, chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, game hens, and the like.
  • antibody includes polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, as well as antigenic compound binding fragments of such antibodies including Fab, F(ab′)2, Fd, Fv fragments, and single chain derivatives of the same.
  • antibody includes naturally occurring antibodies as well as non-naturally occurring antibodies, including, for example, chimeric, bifunctional and humanized antibodies, and related synthetic isoforms.
  • antibody is used interchangeably with “immunoglobulin.”
  • antigenic compound refers to any substance that can be recognized by the immune system (e.g., bound by an antibody or processed so as to elicit a cellular immune response) under appropriate conditions.
  • an “antigen” as used herein includes but is not limited to cells; cell extracts; proteins; lipoproteins; glycoproteins; nucleoproteins; polypeptides; peptides; polysaccharides; polysaccharide conjugates; peptide mimics of polysaccharides; lipids; glycolipids; carbohydrates; viruses; viral extracts; multicellular organisms such as parasites; and allergens.
  • Antigens may be exogenous (e.g., from a source other than the individual to whom the antigen is administered, e.g., from a different species) or endogenous (e.g., originating from within the host, e.g., a diseased element of body, a cancer antigen, a virus infected cell producing antigen, and the like). Antigens may be native (e.g., naturally-occurring); synthetic; or recombinant. Antigens include crude extracts; whole cells; and purified antigens, where “purified” indicates that the antigen is in a form that is enriched relative to the environment in which the antigen normally occurs and/or relative to the crude extract, for example, a cultured form of the antigen.
  • an “immunogenic composition” as used here in refers to a combination of two or more substances (e.g., an antigen and an adjuvant) that together elicit an immune response when administered to a host.
  • polypeptide refers to a polymeric form of amino acids of any length, which can include coded and non-coded amino acids, chemically or biochemically modified or derivatized amino acids, and polypeptides having modified peptide backbones.
  • an “effective amount of an antigenic compound” refers to an amount of antigenic compound which, in optional combination with an adjuvant, will cause the subject to produce a specific immunological response to the antigenic compound.
  • immune response refers to any response to an antigenic or immunogenic compound by the immune system of a vertebrate subject.
  • exemplary immune responses include, but are not limited to local and systemic cellular as well as humoral immunity, such as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses, including antigen-specific induction of CD8+ CTLs, helper T-cell responses including T-cell proliferative responses and cytokine release, and B-cell responses including antibody response.
  • CTL cytotoxic T lymphocytes
  • the term “eliciting an immune response” is used herein generally to encompass induction and/or potentiation of an immune response.
  • inducing an immune response refers to an immune response that is stimulated, initiated, or induced.
  • stimulating an immune response refers to a pre-existing immune response that is improved, furthered, supplemented, amplified, enhanced, increased or prolonged.
  • enhanced immune response means that the immune response is elevated, improved or enhanced to the benefit of the host relative to the prior immune response status, for example, before the administration of an immunogenic composition of the invention.
  • humoral immunity and “humoral immune response” refer to the form of immunity in which antibody molecules are produced in response to antigenic stimulation.
  • lymphocytes such as that defense provided by T cell lymphocytes when they come into close proximity to their victim cells.
  • a cell-mediated immune response normally includes lymphocyte proliferation.
  • lymphocyte proliferation When “lymphocyte proliferation” is measured, the ability of lymphocytes to proliferate in response to a specific antigen is measured. Lymphocyte proliferation is meant to refer to B cell, T-helper cell or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) cell proliferation.
  • CTL cytotoxic T-lymphocyte
  • immunogenic amount refers to an amount of antigenic compound sufficient to stimulate an immune response, when administered with a subject immunogenic composition, as compared with the immune response elicited by the antigen in the absence of the polynucleotide adjuvant.
  • immunopotentiating amount refers to the amount of the adjuvant needed to effect an increase in antibody titer and/or cell-mediated immunity when administered with an antigenic compound in a composition of the invention, as compared with the increase in antibody and/or cell mediated immunity level observed in the absence of the polynucleotide adjuvant.
  • treatment used herein to generally refer to obtaining a desired pharmacologic and/or physiologic effect.
  • the effect may be prophylactic in terms of completely or partially preventing a disease or symptom thereof and/or may be therapeutic in terms of a partial or complete stabilization or cure for a disease and/or adverse effect attributable to the disease.
  • Treatment covers any treatment of a disease in a subject, particularly a mammalian subject, more particularly a human, and includes: (a) preventing the disease or symptom from occurring in a subject which may be predisposed to the disease or symptom but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; (b) inhibiting the disease symptom, e.g., arresting its development; or relieving the disease symptom, i.e., causing regression of the disease or symptom (c) reduction of a level of a product produced by the infectious agent of a disease (e.g., a toxin, an antigen, and the like); and (d) reducing an undesired physiological response to the infectious agent of a disease (e.g., fever, tissue edema, and the like).
  • a level of a product produced by the infectious agent of a disease e.g., a toxin, an antigen, and the like
  • an undesired physiological response to the infectious agent of a disease e.g., fever,
  • mixing includes any method to combine the components of the composition; such methods include, but are not limited to, blending, dispensing, dissolving, emulsifying, coagulating, suspending, or otherwise physically combining the components of the composition.
  • a “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” of a compound means a salt that is pharmaceutically acceptable and that possesses the desired pharmacological activity of the parent compound.
  • Such salts include: (1) acid addition salts, formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like; or formed with organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, hexanoic acid, cyclopentanepropionic acid, glycolic acid, pyruvic acid, lactic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, 3-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid
  • unit dosage form refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human and animal subjects, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of compounds of the present invention calculated in an amount sufficient to produce the desired effect in association with a pharmaceutically/physiologically acceptable diluent, carrier or vehicle.
  • the present invention is directed to immunogenic compositions and methods useful for the induction and/or enhancement of an immune response, which may be humoral and/or cell-mediated, in a human, a non-human animal, or cell culture.
  • a subject immunogenic composition comprises an antigen (an “antigenic composition”) an adjuvant.
  • the presence of the adjuvant enhances or modifies the immune response to the antigen.
  • the adjuvant may alter the quality of the immune response by affecting the subclasses (isotypes) of immunoglobulins, chemokines, and/or cytokines produced. As a result the innate immunity, humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses are more effective with the presence of the adjuvant.
  • a particular advantage is the effectiveness of the PIKA adjuvant in combination with an antigenic substance in inducing a specific humoral immune response thereby enhancing protective immunity.
  • a further important advantage is that the PIKA adjuvant in combination with an antigen can induce a specific cell mediated immune response that is essential for a therapeutic vaccine for limiting and treating intracellular viral, bacterial and parasite infections as well as for chronic diseases therapies such the treatment of cancers.
  • compositions having the unique product attributes that make them most suitable for use as vaccines to be administered to animals and/or humans that address the need for a safe adjuvant, which elicits the maximum desired immune response.
  • the present invention provides an adjuvant and immunogenic compositions that can be used safely in humans and animals.
  • a PIKA adjuvant composition comprising a polynucleotide, an antibiotic and a positive ion, wherein the polynucleotide may be polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC); the antibiotic may be kanamycin, and the ion may be calcium.
  • PIC polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
  • the invention provides for an immunogenic composition for enhancing the antigenicity of an antigenic compound comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant composition that is capable of eliciting an antigen specific cell mediated immune response.
  • the invention provides for an immunogenic composition for enhancing the antigenicity of an antigenic compound comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant composition that is capable of eliciting an antigen specific humoral immune response.
  • the invention provides for an immunogenic composition for enhancing the antigenicity of an antigenic compound comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant composition that is capable of eliciting a combined specific cell and humoral immune response
  • the invention provides for an adjuvant composition or immunogenic composition comprising an adjuvant composition wherein the adjuvant composition or the immunogenic composition is freeze-dried.
  • the invention provides for the use of a polynucleotide adjuvant composition for the preparation of a medicament for enhancing the immunogenic response of a host.
  • a subject immunogenic composition comprises a PIC-containing polynucleotide adjuvant, e.g., a PIKA composition, is generally composed of polyinosinic acid, polycytidylic acid, an antibiotic (e.g., kanamycin), and a divalent cation (e.g., calcium). It will be understood that reference to PIKA herein is exemplary of such PIC-containing adjuvants.
  • the PIC-containing adjuvant composition can be manufactured using methods available in the art.
  • the PIC-containing adjuvant composition can be manufactured through any appropriate process.
  • the polynucleotide adjuvant composition can be manufactured by mixing of polyinosinic acid, polycytidylic acid, an antibiotic and the source of a positive ion in a sodium chloride/phosphate buffer solution that has a pH between pH6 and pH8.
  • the polyinosinic acid and polycytidylic acid are generally provided at a concentration of 0.1 to 10 mg/ml, usually 0.5 to 5 mg/ml and more usually 0.5 to 2.5 mg/ml.
  • the hyperchromicity value should be greater than 10%, greater than 15%, greater than 20%, or greater than 50%.
  • the preparation of the PIC and the combination with the antibiotic (e.g., kanamycin) and the positive ion (e.g., calcium) is generally conducted under quality standards consistent with international Good Manufacturing Process.
  • the antibiotic component of the adjuvant is kanamycin.
  • the antibiotic is kanamycin
  • the kanamycin in the polynucleotide adjuvant composition is used together with or substituted by one or more antibiotics selected from the group including tobramycin, anthracyclines, butirosin sulfate, gentamicins, hygromycin, amikacin, dibekacin, nebramycin, metrzamide, neomycin, puromycin, streptomycin and streptozocin.
  • the antibiotic (e.g., Kanamycin or the like) in the polynucleotide adjuvant composition of the invention is generally provided at a concentration of from about 10 units/ml to 100,000 units/ml, from about 100 units/ml to 10,000 units/ml, or from about 500 units/ml to 5,000 units/ml.
  • the polynucleotide adjuvant composition further comprises a positive ion (cation), usually a divalent cation, normally a cation of an alkali metal.
  • a positive ion is generally provided in the composition of the invention as a source of positive ions such as a salt or complex, e.g., an organic or inorganic salt or complex, usually an inorganic salt or organic complex.
  • positive ions include, but are not necessarily limited to, calcium, cadmium, lithium, magnesium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, deuterium, gallium, iodine, iron, or zinc.
  • the positive ion can be provided in the form of any suitable salt or organic complex, including, but not necessarily limited to chloride, fluoride, hydroxide, phosphate, or sulfate salts.
  • the positive ion is calcium
  • the ion can be in the form of calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium fluoride, calcium hydroxide, calcium phosphates, or calcium sulfate.
  • the positive ion e.g. calcium
  • the positive ion can be provided in the composition of the invention at a concentration in the range of from about 10 umol to 10 mmol/ml, usually from about 50 umol to 5 mmol/ml, and more usually from about 100 umol to 1 mmol/ml.
  • the term “umol” is used throughout to refer to micromole.
  • the positive ion in the adjuvant composition of the invention is calcium
  • it can be in combination with or substituted by other positive ions, including cadmium, lithium, magnesium, cerium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, deuterium, gallium, iodine, iron, and zinc, wherein the ions can be in the form of inorganic salts or organic complexes.
  • the resulting composition is a PIC-containing adjuvant that further contains an antibiotic and a positive ion.
  • an antibiotic is kanamycin and the ion is calcium the product may be described as PICKCa.
  • the PICKCa composition may contain molecules without restriction of different physical characteristics.
  • the PIC-containing adjuvant is PIKA.
  • PIKA may be produced in a variety of ways, with production from PICKCa being of particular interest.
  • PIKA can be produced from PICKCa through additional manufacturing processes that involve the isolation and/or concentration of molecules of a defined molecular size and/or weight. The separation and concentration of polynucleotide molecules of particular characteristics using filtration, chromatography, thermal treatment, centrifugal separation, electrophoresis, and similar methods that are standard processes and are known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention features an adjuvant generally referred to as PIKA comprising a polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), an antibiotic (e.g., kanamycin), and a positively charged ion (e.g., a calcium ion), wherein the composition contains molecules of the adjuvant heterogeneous for molecular weight having a molecular weight of from about 66,000 to 1,200,000 Daltons. That is, the adjuvant composition comprises molecules with a weight distribution in the range of from about 66,000 to 1,200,000 Daltons.
  • PIC polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
  • an antibiotic e.g., kanamycin
  • a positively charged ion e.g., a calcium ion
  • the PIKA polynucleotide adjuvant composition molecules in the composition are heterogeneous, that is the weight of the adjuvant molecules are distributed within a range of molecular weight, where the molecular weight is from about 300,000 to 1,200,000 Daltons, or from about 66,000 to 660,000 Daltons, or from about 300,000 to 660,000 Daltons, or from about 300,000 to 2,000,000 Daltons, or from about 66,000 Daltons to about 100,000 Daltons, 100,000 to 200,000 Daltons, from about 300,000 Daltons to about 4,000,000 Daltons, or from about 500,000 Daltons to 1,000,000 Daltons, or from about 1,000,000 Daltons to 1,500,000 Daltons, or from about 1,500,000 Daltons to 2,000,000 Daltons, or from about 2,000,000 Daltons to 2,500,000 Daltons, or from about 2,500,000 Daltons to 3,000,000 Daltons, or from about 3,000,000 Daltons to 3,500,000 Daltons, or from about 3,500,000 Daltons to 4,000,000 Daltons, or from about 4,000,000 Daltons to 4,500,000 Daltons, or from about 4,500,000 Daltons to 5,000,000 Daltons
  • the PIKA polynucleotide adjuvant composition molecules in the composition have an average molecular weight equal or equal to or greater than 150,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 250,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 350,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 500,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 650,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 750,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 1,000,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 1,200,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 1,500,000 Daltons, or equal to or greater than 2,000,000 Daltons.
  • the invention features an adjuvant generally referred to as PIKA comprising a polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid (PIC), an antibiotic, and a positive ion wherein the composition contains molecules of the adjuvant heterogeneous, that is the size of the adjuvant molecules are distributed within a range of molecular size, for molecular size having a sediment co-efficient Svedbergs (S) of from about 6.43 S to 24.03 S.
  • PIC polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
  • S sediment co-efficient Svedbergs
  • the PIKA polynucleotide adjuvant composition molecules in the composition are heterogeneous, that is the size of the adjuvant molecules are distributed within a range of molecular size, where the molecular size is from about 12.8 S to 24.03 S, or from about 3 S to 12 S or from about 6.43 to 18.31 S, or from about 12.8 to 18.31 S, or from about 12.8 S to 30.31 S, or from about 12.8 S to 41.54 S, or from about 13.5 S, to 18.31 S, or from about 13.5 S to 24.03 S, or from about 16.14 to 22.12 S, or from about 22.12 S to 26.6 S, or from about 26.6 S to 30.31 S, or from about 30.31 S to 33.55 S, or from about 33.55 S to 36.45 S, or from about 36.45 S to 39.1 S, or from about 39.1 S to 41.54 S, or from about 41.54 S to 43.83 S, or from about 43.83 S to 45
  • the PIKA polynucleotide adjuvant composition has an average sedimentation co-efficient (Svedbergs) greater than 9, or greater than 12, or greater than 13.5, or greater than 15, or greater than 16, or greater than 17, or greater than 18, or greater than 19, or greater than 20, or greater than 21, or greater than 22 or greater than 25, or greater than 30.
  • Svedbergs average sedimentation co-efficient
  • An immunogenic composition including PIKA and an antigen, can generally induce an antigen-specific immune response in at least two ways: i) humoral-mediated immunity, which includes B cell stimulation and production of antibodies or immunoglobulins (other cells are also involved in the generation of an antibody response, e.g. antigen-presenting cells, including macrophages and helper T cells (Th1 and Th2), and ii) cell-mediated immunity, which generally involves T cells including cytotoxic T lymphocytes, although other cells are also involved in the generation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response (e.g., Th1 and/or Th2 cells and antigen presenting cells).
  • the polynucleotide adjuvant composition may alter the quality of the immune response by affecting the subclasses (isotypes) of immunoglobulins produced, as well as their affinities.
  • the degree and nature of the immunogenic response induced by a subject immunogenic composition may be thus assessed by measuring the presence of molecules including cytokines, chemokines and antibodies produced by cells of the immune system.
  • Interleukin-4 is mainly produced by activated Th2 cells.
  • the production of Interlukin-4 (IL-4) induces the activation of B cells and thereby the production of IgG1 and IgE immunoglobulins (antibodies) which may be measured in the samples of blood serum.
  • IL-4 is considered as an indictor and typical cytokine of Th2 immune response. Th2 cells tend to promote antibody response.
  • Interleukin-2 is mainly produced by activated Th1 cell as well as NK and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells.
  • IL-2 is instrumental in the proliferation and maturing of T cells an essential stage in an effective cell mediated adaptive immune response.
  • Interferon- ⁇ which may be produced by a variety of cells including natural killer cells as well as both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, plays an essential part in the adaptive immune response including the activation of macrophages to become highly microbicidal. Further, INF- ⁇ is an influencing factor in directing the development of specifically Th1 T cells thereby up-regulating a cell mediated adaptive immune response.
  • the invention contemplates methods of use of the polynucleotide adjuvant of the invention with an antigen, for example, to elicit an antigen specific humoral response and/or specific cellular (e.g., T cell) response in a subject.
  • the immune response elicited may be a response to an antigen in a na ⁇ ve subject, or may serve to enhance an existing immune response (e.g., as in a booster). It has been found that immunogenic compositions according to the invention comprising PIKA have particularly advantageous properties as described herein.
  • antigens tested in vivo were tested in vivo for their ability to induce an immune response with and without the PIKA adjuvant.
  • the antigens tested include: a recombinant protein hepatitis B surface antigen type adw, an inactivated split influenza vaccine (VAXIGRIP from Sanofi Pasteur), a synthesized HIV peptide antigen, a recombinant protein herpes simplex virus type 2 gD antigen, recombinant protective anthrax protein antigen, inactivated whole virus avian influenza antigen strain H5N1 and an inactivated whole virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) inactivated antigen.
  • VAXIGRIP inactivated split influenza vaccine
  • cytokines In each case presence of the PIKA adjuvant together with the antigen enhanced the expression of cytokines when compared with the antigen or PIKA alone.
  • the enhanced expressions of the cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 indicates the stimulation of a specific adaptive immunity was greater with the presence of the PIKA adjuvant and more specifically the enhanced expressions of the cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 indicates the predominant Th1 cell immunity was significantly improved with the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • the activity of a cell mediated immune response is a key feature essential for treating intracellular viral, bacterial and parasite infection and particularly important factor for developing a therapeutic vaccine.
  • composition containing PIKA stimulated INF- ⁇ production by CD4+ T cells (Examples/FIGS. 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and 1.6) and CD8+ T cells (Example/FIG. 1.6). This feature validates that PIKA is enhancing the adaptive immune response and in particular up-regulating the cell mediated immunity of the host.
  • the PIKA adjuvant enhances the immune response in a host when combined with a inactivated antigen (Example/FIGS. 1.2, 1.6 and Examples/FIGS. 2, 3 and 4), a peptide antigen (Example/FIG. 1.3) and a recombinant antigen (Examples/FIGS. 1.1, 1.4, 1.5).
  • a particular feature of the PIKA adjuvant is to provide adequate protection to both limit and/or eradicate infection in a host, and/or to reduce the risk of symptoms of a disease that could result from infection by a pathogen.
  • VAXIGRIP Saofi Pasteur used as an antigen in Example/ Figure 1.2 is itself a human influenza vaccine that elicits a degree of immune activity considered sufficient to provide protection against an actual influenza infection.
  • the addition of PIKA to VAXIGRIP further enhanced the immune response as demonstrated by the degree of beneficial cytokines (IL-2, INF- ⁇ and IL-4) expressed by the immune system.
  • PIKA's protective properties 24 ten-day old chickens were inoculated with a composition comprising PIKA and inactivated avian influenza antigens including strains H5N1 and H9N2 (Example/ FIG. 3 ). The chickens were subsequently challenged with the live H5N1 virus and observed for a two week period. At the end of the program the survival rate for the chickens inoculated with the PIKA/antigen composition was 83% as compared with only 17% for a control group of 24 chickens that were exposed to the live virus without prior inoculation with the PIKA/antigen composition.
  • mice were challenged with a strain of wild rabies virus (Example/ FIG. 4 ). Post infection the three different groups of animals were inoculated with a regime of treatments with different rabies vaccines. The survival rate of the group of mice inoculated with a combination of an inactivated purified hamster kidney cell rabies antigen plus PIKA attained 80%. The survival rate of the second group of mice administered with a hamster kidney cell purified rabies antigen with an alum adjuvant was 15%. Further the third group of mice administered with the Sanofi-Aventis' “Verorab”—vero cell inactivated rabies vaccine had a survival rate of 10%.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is further defined by the relative presence of the PIKA adjuvant and the antigen or antigens where the presence is measured in terms of one or more characteristics of quantity, concentration, volume, number of molecules or other recognized metric.
  • a subject immunogenic composition comprises a polynucleotide adjuvant composition and an antigen or antigens where the presence of the adjuvant and the antigen in terms of weight or number of molecules is in a ratio of less than 1 to 1,000, of less than 1 to 900, of less than 1 to 800, of less than 1 to 700, of less than 1 to 500, of less than 1 to 400, of less than 1 to 300, of less than 1 to 200, of less than 1 to 100, of less than 1 to 50, of less than 1 to 10, of less than 1 to 5, of less than 1 to 2, of about 1 to 1, of greater than 2 to 1, of greater than 5 to 1, of greater than 10 to 1, of greater than 50 to 1, of greater than 100 to 1, of greater than 200 to 1, of greater than 300 to 1, of greater than 400 to 1, of greater than 500 to 1, of greater than 600 to 1, of greater than 700 to 1, of greater than 800 to 1, of greater than 900 to 1, of greater than 1,000 to 1
  • a subject immunogenic composition is defined in terms of dose; that is the quantity of vaccine that is to be administered to induce the optimal beneficial immune response or alternatively the range of dose that may be administered from the minimum required to elicit an immune response to the maximum dose beyond which the incremental beneficial response is not medically justified in the context of the potential inducement of adverse side effects.
  • the immunogenic composition comprises the polynucleotide adjuvant composition and antigen where the presence of the antigen in a unit dose is provided in a quantity, that is more than 0.001 mg is more than 0.005 mg, is more than 0.01 mg, is more than 0.025 mg, is more than 0.05 mg, is more than 0.075 mg, 0.1 mg is more than 0.25 mg, is more than 0.5 mg, is more than 1.2 mg, is more than 1.4 mg, is more than 1.6 mg, is more than 1.8 mg, is more than 2.0 mg is more than 2.5 mg, is more than 3 mg, is more than 3.5 mg, is more than 4 mg, is more than 5 mg, is more than 6 mg, is more than 7 mg, is more than 8 mg, is more than 9 mg, is more than 10 mg, is more than 15 mg, is more than 20 mg, is more than 25 mg, or is more than 50 mg.
  • An optimal amount of antigen and the optimal ratio of antigen to PIKA adjuvant can be ascertained by standard studies involving observations of antibody titers and other immunogenic responses in the host.
  • the invention provides for a polynucleotide adjuvant composition together with an antigen or vaccine where the source of the antigen is a human antigen, a animal antigen, a plant antigen, one or more agents from infectious agents from any virus, bacteria including mycobacterium, fungus or parasite, cancer antigen, allergenic agents and other antigens, such as for developing autoimmune diseases.
  • the source of the antigen is a human antigen, a animal antigen, a plant antigen, one or more agents from infectious agents from any virus, bacteria including mycobacterium, fungus or parasite, cancer antigen, allergenic agents and other antigens, such as for developing autoimmune diseases.
  • the antigens may be derived from a natural source either crude or purified and used in its original live form or after having been killed, or inactivated, or truncated, or attenuated, or transformed into a nonreverting form, or detoxified, or mutated into a nontoxic form, or filtered or purified.
  • the antigen is an isolated micro-organism antigen for example, a viral antigen, a bacterial antigen, a fungal antigen, an allergy antigen, a cancer antigen or an autoimmune antigen.
  • the antigen is a whole, inactivated antigen. Methods of inactivating a whole antigens are well known in the art; any known method can be used to inactivate an antigen and can be selected appropriately for the type of antigen of interest.
  • Such methods of inactivating an antigen include for example, use of photoreactive compounds; oxidizing agents; irradiation (e.g., UV irradiation; ⁇ -irradiation); combinations of riboflavin and UV irradiation; solvent-detergent treatment (e.g., treatment with organic solvent tri-N-butyl-phosphate with a detergent such as Tween 80); polyethylene glycol treatment; pasteurization (heat treatment); and low pH treatment; mild enzymatic treatment with pepsin or trypsin; Methylene blue (MB) phototreatment; treatment with Dimethylmethylene blue (DMMB) and visible light; treatment with S-59, a psoralen derivative and UVA illumination; and the like.
  • the antigen may be synthesized by means of solid phase synthesis, or may be obtained by means of recombinant genetics, or may be otherwise manufactured artificially so as to imitate the immunogenic properties of a pathogen.
  • Polypeptide antigens may be isolated from natural sources using standard methods of protein purification known in the art, including, but not limited to, liquid chromatography (e.g., high performance liquid chromatography, fast protein liquid chromatography, etc.), size exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis (including one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis), affinity chromatography, or other purification technique.
  • liquid chromatography e.g., high performance liquid chromatography, fast protein liquid chromatography, etc.
  • size exclusion chromatography gel electrophoresis (including one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis), affinity chromatography, or other purification technique.
  • gel electrophoresis including one-dimensional gel electrophoresis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
  • affinity chromatography affinity chromatography
  • an expression construct comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a polypeptide is introduced into an appropriate host cell (e.g., a eukaryotic host cell grown as a unicellular entity in in vitro cell culture, e.g., a yeast cell, an insect cell, a mammalian cell, etc.) or a prokaryotic cell (e.g., grown in in vitro cell culture), generating a genetically modified host cell; under appropriate culture conditions, the protein is produced by the genetically modified host cell.
  • an appropriate host cell e.g., a eukaryotic host cell grown as a unicellular entity in in vitro cell culture, e.g., a yeast cell, an insect cell, a mammalian cell, etc.
  • a prokaryotic cell e.g., grown in in vitro cell culture
  • the antigen is a purified antigen, e.g., from about 25% to 50% pure, from about 50% to about 75% pure, from about 75% to about 85% pure, from about 85% to about 90% pure, from about 90% to about 95% pure, from about 95% to about 98% pure, from about 98% to about 99% pure, or greater than 99% pure.
  • the antigen may be a cellular, capsular, infectious clone, replicon, vectored, microencapsulated, monovalent, bivalent or multivalent.
  • the polynucleotide adjuvant composition of the present invention can also be utilized to enhance the immune response against antigens produced by the use of DNA vaccines and/or DNA expressed proteins.
  • the DNA sequences in these vaccines coding for the antigen can be either “naked” or contained in a delivery system, such as liposomes.
  • a subject immunogenic composition may be defined by the selection of antigen or antigens that are used in combination with the PIKA adjuvant.
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with a viral antigen, wherein exemplary antigens include but are not limited to antigens of one or more of the viruses described in FIGS. 5A-5E .
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with a bacterial antigen, wherein exemplary antigens include but are not limited to antigens of one or more of the bacteria described in FIGS. 6A-6D
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with a fungal antigen, wherein exemplary antigens include but are not limited to antigens of one or more of the fungi described in FIGS. 7A-7B .
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use, where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with a parasitic antigen, wherein exemplary antigens include but are not limited to antigens of one or more of the parasites described in FIGS. 8A-8D .
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use, where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with an allergy antigen (“allergen”) or vaccine where the source of the antigen or vaccine is derived from or produced to emulate a pathogen from a human or animal allergy sources including; plants, animals, fungi, insects, food, drugs, dust, and mites and the like.
  • allergen an allergy antigen
  • vaccine vaccine
  • the source of the antigen or vaccine is derived from or produced to emulate a pathogen from a human or animal allergy sources including; plants, animals, fungi, insects, food, drugs, dust, and mites and the like.
  • Allergens include but are not limited to environmental aeroallergens; plant pollens such as ragweed/hayfever; weed pollen allergens; grass pollen allergens; Johnson grass; tree pollen allergens; ryegrass; arachnid allergens, such as house dust mite allergens (e.g., Der p I, Der f I, etc.); storage mite allergens; Japanese cedar pollen/hay fever; mold spore allergens; animal allergens (e.g., dog, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, rat, mouse, etc., allergens); food allergens (e.g., allergens of crustaceans; nuts, such as peanuts; citrus fruits); insect allergens; venoms: (Hymenoptera, yellow jacket, honey bee, wasp, hornet, fire ant); Other environmental insect allergens from cockroaches, fleas, mosquitoes, etc.; bacterial allergens
  • Allergens include but are not limited to cells, cell extracts, proteins, polypeptides, peptides, polysaccharides, polysaccharide conjugates, peptide and non-peptide mimics of polysaccharides and other molecules, small molecules, lipids, glycolipids, and carbohydrates.
  • Examples of specific natural, animal and plant allergens include but are not limited to proteins specific to the following genuses: Canine ( Canis familiaris ); Dermatophagoides (e.g. Dermatophagoides farinae ); Felis ( Felis domesticus ); Ambrosia ( Ambrosia artemiisfolia; Lolium (e.g.
  • Lolium perenne or Lolium multiflorum Cryptomeria ( Cryptomeria japonica ); Alternaria ( Alternaria alternata ); Alder; Alnus ( Alnus gultinoasa ); Betula ( Betula verrucosa ); Quercus ( Quercus alba ); Olea ( Olea europa ); Artemisia ( Artemisia vulgaris ); Plantago (e.g. Plantago lanceolata ); Parietaria (e.g. Parietaria officinalis or Parietaria judaica ); Blattella (e.g. Blattella germanica ); Apis (e.g. Apis multiflorum ); Cupressus (e.g.
  • Juniperus e.g. Juniperus sabinoides, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus communis and Juniperus ashei ); Thuya (e.g. Thuya orientalis ); Chamaecyparis (e.g. Chamaecyparis obtusa ); Periplaneta (e.g. Periplaneta americana ); Agropyron (e.g. Agropyron repens ); Secale (e.g. Secale cereale ); Triticum (e.g. Triticum aestivum ); Dactylis (e.g. Juniperus sabinoides, Juniperus virginiana, Juniperus communis and Juniperus ashei ); Thuya (e.g. Thuya orientalis ); Chamaecyparis (e.g. Chamaecyparis obtusa ); Periplaneta (e.g. Periplaneta americana
  • Avena e.g. Avena sativa
  • Holcus e.
  • the present invention provides for a polynucleotide adjuvant composition and method of use where the immunogenic composition comprises a PIKA adjuvant together with an autoimmune antigen or vaccine.
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use, where the immunogenic composition comprises the PIKA adjuvant alone or together with a cancer antigen, wherein exemplary antigens include but are not limited to antigens of one or more of the cancers described in FIGS. 9A-9C .
  • the source of the cancer antigen may be: 1) Viral proteins—for example hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV)—are important in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, lymphoma, and cervical cancer, respectively; 2). whole cancer cells that may be inactivated and/or nonpurified and/or semi-purified extract of these cells; 3). tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) such as the tumor specific oncogenic proteins, glycosylated proteins, gangliosides, glycolipide, mucins, peptide, carbohydrates and anti-idiotype monoclonal antibodies.
  • TAAs tumor-associated antigens
  • the use of the immunogenic composition comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant may be for the treatment of cancer tumors through the prevention of further growth of existing cancers, the prevention of the recurrence of treated cancers, or the elimination of cancer cells not killed by prior treatments.
  • the treatment may be administered prior to, in conjunction with, or post other therapies provided to the individual and thus may form part of an overall combination therapy to treat the cancer.
  • the cancer vaccine provides for therapies capable of inducing tumor specific immune responses against both a primary tumor and metastases.
  • the induction of a strong immunity may lead to the establishment of immune memory, thereby reducing or inhibiting tumor recurrence.
  • the cancer vaccine may induce specific antibodies against tumor-associated surface antigens and preferably to induce cellular immune response with preferably a bias toward a Th1 immune response.
  • TAA tumor-specific antigens or tumor-associated antigens
  • Tumor-associated antigens which may be used into YFV include, but are not limited to, MAGE-2, MAGE-3, MUC-1, MUC-2, HER-2, high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen MAA, GD2, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), TAG-72, ovarian-associated antigens OV-TL3 and MOV18, TUAN, alpha-feto protein (AFP), OFP, CA-125, CA-50, CA-19-9, renal tumor-associated antigen G250, EGP-40 (also known as EpCAM), S100 (malignant melanoma-associated antigen), p53, and p21ras.
  • a synthetic analog of any TAA (or epitope thereof), including any of the foregoing, may be used.
  • combinations of one or more TAAs (or epitopes thereof) may be included in the composition.
  • a subject immunogenic composition comprises a polynucleotide adjuvant, and at least two different antigens, e.g., in some embodiments, a subject immunogenic composition comprises two antigens, three antigens, four antigens, five antigens, or more than five antigens.
  • a subject immunogenic composition comprises, in addition to a PIKA adjuvant and an antigen, one or more additional agents, e.g., immunomodulatory agents, carriers, and the like.
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic composition and method of use, where the immunogenic composition comprises the PIKA adjuvant, an antigen or vaccine together with another immunomodulating substance, including adjuvants, where suitable immunomodulating substances include, but are not limited to: an aluminum composition such as aluminum hydroxide; oil-in-water emulsions compositions or emulsions comprising an immunogenic substances, including Complete Freund's Adjuvant; an oil-in-water emulsion containing dried, heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms; Incomplete Freund's Adjuvant; emulsions including mycobacterial cell wall components; emulsions including squalene (MF-59); detoxified endotoxins including monophosphoryl lipid A-microbial (MPL); haptens; nitrocellulose-absorbed protein; saponins including particulate immunomodulators isolated from the bark of Quillaja Saponoria for example QS21; endogenous human immunomodulators; bacterial derived
  • the present invention provides for an immunogenic substance comprising a PIKA adjuvant, an antigenic substance or substances, plus a suitable carrier.
  • the carrier may be for example an oil and water emulsion, suspension, a lipid vehicle or aluminum salt.
  • the composition comprising PIKA adjuvant does not include poly-L-lysine or a derivative thereof.
  • the invention provides a kit comprising a subject immunogenic composition. In certain embodiments, the invention provides a kit comprising a PIKA adjuvant and an antigen in separate formulations.
  • the invention provides for a kit comprising the polynucleotide adjuvant and an immunogenic compound where the immunogenic substance is an antigen.
  • a subject kit comprises a subject immunogenic composition in a sterile liquid (e.g., aqueous) formulation, where the formulation is sterile, and is provided in a sterile container, a sterile vial, or a sterile syringe.
  • a sterile liquid e.g., aqueous
  • a subject kit comprises a subject immunogenic composition formulated for injection.
  • a subject kit comprises a subject immunogenic composition in a sterile liquid formulation, contained within a sterile syringe; and a needle.
  • a subject kit comprises a subject immunogenic composition in a sterile liquid formulation in a unit dosage amount (e.g., a single dose), contained within a sterile syringe; and a needle.
  • a subject kit comprises a subject immunogenic composition, lyophilized and in a sterile container; and a container comprising a sterile liquid for reconstitution of the lyophilized composition.
  • the kit further comprises instructions for reconstitution of the lyophilized composition.
  • a subject kit in some embodiments will further include instructions for use, including e.g., dosage amounts and dosage frequencies. Instructions are in some embodiments printed directly on the kit. In other embodiments, instructions are printed material provided as a package insert. Instructions can also be provided in other media, e.g., electronically in digital or analog form, e.g., on an audio cassette, an audio tape, a compact disc, a digital versatile disk, and the like.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is provided in any of a variety of formulations.
  • a subject immunogenic composition may be prepared as an injectable, dry power, liquid solution, suspension or emulsion.
  • the preparation of formulations of a desired immunogenic composition is generally described in Vaccine 4 th Edition by Stanley A Plotkin et al., W.B. Saunders Company; 4th edition 2003.
  • Suitable formulations are also described in, e.g., A. Gennaro (2000) “Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,” 20 th edition, Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins; Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems (1999) H. C.
  • the immunogenic composition of the present invention may be employed in such forms, both sterile and non-sterile, such as capsules, liquid solutions, liquid drops, emulsions, suspensions, elixirs, creams, suppositories, gels, soft capsules, sprays, inhalants, aerosols, powders, tablets, lozenges, or pills.
  • Any inert carrier can be used, such as saline, or phosphate buffered saline, stabilizers, propellants, encased in gelatin capsule or in a microcapsule or vector that aids administration or any such carrier in which the compounds used in the method of the present invention have suitable solubility properties for use in the methods of the present invention.
  • the PIKA adjuvant composition and an immunogenic composition comprising the PIKA adjuvant and antigenic compound is freeze-dried (lyophilized) for long term stability and storage in a solid form.
  • the freeze-dried method is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention provides for an adjuvant composition or immunogenic composition wherein the immunogenic composition, or the adjuvant composition contained in the immunogenic composition, is in a solid or liquid form or in solution or in suspension or in emulsion.
  • a subject immunogenic composition may be administered to an individual by means of a pharmaceutical delivery system for the inhalation route (oral, intratracheal, intranasal).
  • a subject immunogenic composition may be formulated in a form suitable for administration by inhalation.
  • the pharmaceutical delivery system is one that is suitable for respiratory therapy by topical administration of a subject bacterial composition to mucosal linings of the bronchi.
  • This invention can utilize a system that depends on the power of a compressed gas to expel the bacteria from a container.
  • An aerosol or pressurized package can be employed for this purpose.
  • the term “aerosol” is used in its conventional sense as referring to very fine liquid or solid particles carries by a propellant gas under pressure to a site of therapeutic application.
  • the aerosol contains the immunogenic composition, which can be dissolved, suspended, or emulsified in a mixture of a fluid carrier and a propellant.
  • the aerosol can be in the form of a solution, suspension, emulsion, powder, or semi-solid preparation. Aerosols employed in the present invention are intended for administration as fine, solid particles or as liquid mists via the respiratory tract of a subject.
  • propellants include, but are not limited to, hydrocarbons or other suitable gas.
  • the dosage unit may be determined by providing a value to deliver a metered amount.
  • a subject immunogenic composition can be formulated in basically three different types of formulations for inhalation.
  • a subject immunogenic composition can be formulated with low boiling point propellants.
  • Such formulations are generally administered by conventional meter dose inhalers (MDI's).
  • MDI's can be modified so as to increase the ability to obtain repeatable dosing by utilizing technology which measures the inspiratory volume and flow rate of the subject as discussed within U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,404,871 and 5,542,410.
  • a subject immunogenic composition can be formulated in aqueous or ethanolic solutions and delivered by conventional nebulizers.
  • solution formulations are aerosolized using devices and systems such as disclosed within U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,497,763; 5,544,646; 5,718,222; and 5,660,166.
  • a subject immunogenic composition can be formulated into dry powder formulations. Such formulations can be administered by simply inhaling the dry powder formulation after creating an aerosol mist of the powder. Technology for carrying such out is described within U.S. Pat. No. 5,775,320 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,740,794.
  • Formulations suitable for intranasal administration include nasal sprays, nasal drops, aerosol formulations; and the like.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is formulated as a sustained release (e.g. a controlled release formulation).
  • a subject immunogenic composition is formulated into pellets or cylinders and implanted intramuscularly or subcutaneously as depot injections or as implants. Such implants will generally employ known inert materials such as biodegradable polymers.
  • injectable depot forms are made by forming microencapsule matrices of a subject immunogenic composition in biodegradable polymers such as polylactide-polyglycolide. Examples of other suitable biodegradable polymers include poly(orthoesters) and poly(anhydrides). Depot injectable formulations are also prepared by entrapping the composition in liposomes or microemulsions which are compatible with body tissue.
  • the invention provides for a method for eliciting and/or enhancing immune responses to an antigenic compound, comprising administering to a host a subject immunogenic composition.
  • the host is a human.
  • the host is a non-human animal, e.g., a non-human mammal, an avian species, etc.
  • the polynucleotide adjuvant composition can be used in the context of a vaccine.
  • the vaccine composition contains additional adjuvants.
  • Vaccines classes included are anti-infectious diseases, anti cancer, anti-allergy and anti-auto-immune diseases.
  • the present invention provides a method for enhancing immune responses to an antigenic compound by administering to a host a subject immunogenic composition.
  • the host can be a human being or non-human animal.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is in some embodiments delivered parenterally by injection, such as intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, subcutaneous or intradermal injection.
  • the immunogenic composition is administered intradermally in ways other than by injection. for example, without breaching the epithelial barrier by mechanical means.
  • the immunogenic composition is delivered rectally, vaginally, nasally, orally (including inhalation), opthamalically, topically, pulmonary or transdermally.
  • the delivery is by injection directly into the tumor, or adjacent to the tumor.
  • the immunogenic composition is delivered evenly over or throughout the tumor to enhance the biodistribution and hence enhance the therapeutic benefit.
  • aqueous solutions For parenteral administration in an aqueous solution, for example, the solution should be suitably buffered if necessary and the liquid diluent first rendered isotonic with sufficient saline or glucose.
  • aqueous solutions are especially suitable for intravenous and intraperitoneal administration.
  • sterile aqueous media which can be employed will be known to those of skill in the art in light of the present disclosure.
  • Exemplary injection media which can be used in the present invention include a buffer with or without dispersing agents and/or preservatives, and edible oil, mineral oil, cod liver oil, squalene, mono-, di- or triglyceride, and a mixture thereof.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is administered in an “effective amount” that is, an amount of a subject immunogenic composition that is effective in a selected route of administration to elicit, induce, or enhance an immune response.
  • an immune response is elicited to antigens produced by a pathogenic microorganism.
  • the amount of a subject immunogenic composition is effective to limit an infection, and/or to eradicate an infection, and/or to reduce a symptom associated with infection, by a pathogenic organism.
  • administration of a subject immunogenic composition to an individual is effective to treat an infectious disease, where treating an infectious disease, encompasses one or more of reducing the number of pathogenic agents in the individual (e.g., reducing viral load, reducing bacterial load, reducing the number of protozoa, reducing the number of helminths) and/or reducing a parameter associated with the infectious disease, including, but not limited to, reduction of a level of a product produced by the infectious agent (e.g., a toxin, an antigen, and the like); and reducing an undesired physiological response to the infectious agent (e.g., fever, tissue edema, and the like).
  • reducing the number of pathogenic agents in the individual e.g., reducing viral load, reducing bacterial load, reducing the number of protozoa, reducing the number of helminths
  • reducing a parameter associated with the infectious disease including, but not limited to, reduction of a level of a product produced by the infectious agent (e.
  • compositions required will vary from subject to subject, depending on the species, age, weight, and general conditions of the subject, the severity of the disease, infection, or condition that is being treated or prevented, the particular compound used, its mode administration, and the like. An appropriate amount may be determined by one of ordinary skill in the art using only routine experimentation given the teachings herein. Following an initial administration, subjects may receive one or several booster immunizations adequately spaced.
  • serial doses of a subject immunogenic composition are administered.
  • a second dose of a subject immunogenic composition is administered to the individual after the individual has been immunologically primed by exposure to the first dose.
  • the booster may be administered days, weeks or months after the initial immunization, depending upon the patient's response and condition.
  • the booster dose is administered from about 2 days to about 12 months after the initial dose, e.g., from about 2 days to about 7 days, from about 1 week to about 2 weeks, from about 2 weeks to about 4 weeks, from about 4 weeks to about 8 weeks, from about 8 weeks to about 6 months, or from about 6 months to about 12 months after the initial dose.
  • the present invention further contemplates the use of a third, fourth, fifth, sixth or subsequent booster immunization, using, e.g., a third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or subsequent dose.
  • immunological assays such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassay (RIA), immunoprecipitation assays, and protein blot (“Western” blot) assays; and neutralization assays (e.g., neutralization of viral infectivity in an in vitro or in vivo assay); can be used to detect the presence of antibody specific for a microbial antigen in a bodily fluid or other biological sample, e.g., the serum, secretion, or other fluid, of an individual.
  • ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
  • RIA radioimmunoassay
  • RIA immunoprecipitation assays
  • protein blot (“Western” blot) assays
  • neutralization assays e.g., neutralization of viral infectivity in an in vitro or in vivo assay
  • Whether a CD4 immune response to an antigen has been induced in an individual is readily determined using standard assays, e.g., fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (see, e.g., Waldrop et al. (1997) J. Clin. Invest . 99:1739-1750); intracellular cytokine assays that detect production of cytokines following antigen stimulation (see, e.g., Suni et al. (1998) J. Immunol. Methods 212:89-98; Nomura et al. (2000) Cytometry 40:60-68; Ghanekar et al. (2001) Clin. Diagnostic Lab. Immunol .
  • FACS fluorescence-activated cell sorting
  • MHC-peptide multimer staining assays e.g., use of detectably labeled (e.g., fluorescently labeled) soluble MHC Class II/peptide multimers (see, e.g., Bill and Kotzin (2002) Arthritis Res . 4:261-265; Altman et al. (1996) Science 274:94-96; and Murali-Krishna et al. (1998) Immunity 8:177-187); enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays (see, e.g., Hutchings et al. (1989) J. Immunol. Methods 120:1-8; and Czerkinsky et al. (1983) J.
  • detectably labeled e.g., fluorescently labeled
  • soluble MHC Class II/peptide multimers see, e.g., Bill and Kotzin (2002) Arthritis Res . 4:261-265; Altman et al. (1996) Science 274:
  • whole blood is stimulated with antigen and co-stimulating antibodies (e.g., anti-CD28, anti-CD49d) for 2 hours or more; Brefeldin A is added to inhibit cytokine secretion; and the cells are processed for FACS analysis, using fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD4 and to cytokines such as TNF- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ and IL-2.
  • antigen and co-stimulating antibodies e.g., anti-CD28, anti-CD49d
  • Brefeldin A is added to inhibit cytokine secretion
  • the cells are processed for FACS analysis, using fluorescently labeled antibodies to CD4 and to cytokines such as TNF- ⁇ , IFN- ⁇ and IL-2.
  • an antigen-specific CD8 (e.g., cytotoxic T cell; “CTL”) response is induced to an antigen (e.g., to a pathogen) can be determined using any of a number of assays known in the art, including, but not limited to, measuring specific lysis by CTL of target cells expressing the antigen on their surface, which target cells have incorporated a detectable label which is released from target cells upon lysis, and can be measured, using, e.g., a 51 Cr-release assay; a lanthanide fluorescence-based cytolysis assay; and the like.
  • CTL cytotoxic T cell
  • Subjects suitable for treatment with a subject method of inducing an immune response to a microbial pathogen, and methods of treating or preventing an infection with a microbial pathogen include individuals who have been infected with a pathogenic microorganism; individuals who are susceptible to infection by a pathogenic microorganism, but who have not yet been infected; and individuals who are at risk of becoming infected with a pathogenic microorganism, but who have not yet been infected. Suitable subjects include infants, children, adolescents, and adults.
  • Subjects suitable for treatment with a subject method of inducing an immune response to a microbial pathogen, and methods of treating or limiting an infection with a microbial pathogen include pediatric target population, e.g., individuals between about 1 year of age and about 17 years of age, including infants (e.g., from about 1 month old to about 1 year old); children (e.g., from about 1 year old to about 12 years old); and adolescents (e.g., from about 13 years old to about 17 years old).
  • Subjects suitable for treatment with a subject method of inducing an immune response to a microbial pathogen, and methods of treating or limiting an infection with a microbial pathogen include neonates, e.g., an individual (e.g., a human neonate) from one day to about 14 days old, e.g., from about 1 day to about 2 days old, from about two days to about 10 days old, or from about 10 days to about 14 days old.
  • neonates e.g., an individual (e.g., a human neonate) from one day to about 14 days old, e.g., from about 1 day to about 2 days old, from about two days to about 10 days old, or from about 10 days to about 14 days old.
  • the subject is a human child about ten years or younger, e.g., about five years old or younger, and the immunogenic compositions are administered at any one or more of the following times: two weeks, one month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months, 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months, or 21 months after birth, or at 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, or 10 years of age.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is administered to an individual in the age range of from about 6 months to about 6 years, where the individual receives a first dose at about 6 months of age, and subsequent booster doses, e.g., 2-3 subsequent booster doses, at, e.g., 2 years of age, 4 years of age, and 6 years of age.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is administered to an individual shortly after contact (e.g., shortly after confirmed or suspected contact) with an actual or potential source of the microbial pathogen, for example, an individual who is known to have or suspected to have an infection with a microbial pathogen.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is administered to an individual within about 1 hour, within about 2 hours, within about 5 hours, within about 8 hours, within about 12 hours, within about 18 hours, within about 24 hours, within about 2 days, within about 4 days, within about 7 days, within about 2 weeks, or within about one month after contact with an individual who is known to have or suspected to have an infection with a microbial pathogen.
  • a subject immunogenic composition is administered to an individual that is known or may be suspected of being a carrier or a microbial pathogen whether or not they are showing symptoms of the infection.
  • CD4 + T cell-deficient individuals include CD4 + T cell-deficient individuals (“CD4 + -deficient” individuals), e.g., individuals who have lower than normal numbers of functional CD4 + T lymphocytes.
  • the term “normal individual” refers to an individual having CD4 + T lymphocyte levels and function(s) within the normal range in the population, for humans, typically 600 to 1500 CD4 + T lymphocytes per mm 3 blood.
  • CD4 + -deficient individuals include individuals who have an acquired immunodeficiency, or a primary immunodeficiency. An acquired immunodeficiency may be a temporary CD4 + deficiency, such as one caused by radiation therapy, or chemotherapy.
  • At-risk individuals include, but are not limited to, individuals who have a greater likelihood than the general population of becoming CD4 + deficient.
  • Individuals at risk for becoming CD4 + deficient include, but are not limited to, individuals at risk for HIV infection due to sexual activity with HIV-infected individuals; intravenous drug users; individuals who may have been exposed to HIV-infected blood, blood products, or other HIV-contaminated body fluids; a baby who has passed through the birth canal of an HIV-infected individual; babies who are being nursed by HIV-infected mothers; and the like.
  • Subjects suitable for treatment with a subject method for treating cancer include individuals who have been diagnosed with cancer; individuals who were previously treated for cancer, e.g., by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and who are being monitored for recurrence of the cancer for which they were previously treated; and individuals who have undergone bone marrow transplantation or any other organ transplantation.
  • Subjects suitable for treatment with the formulations and methods of the instant invention for treating allergy include any individual who has been diagnosed as having an allergy.
  • Subjects amenable to treatment using the methods and agents described herein include individuals who are known to have allergic hypersensitivity to one or more allergens.
  • Subjects amenable to treatment include those who have any of the above-mentioned allergic disorders.
  • Also amenable to treatment are subjects that are at risk of having an allergic reaction to one or more allergens.
  • individuals who failed treatment with one or more standard therapies for treating an allergic disorder are also referred to treat the allergic disorder.
  • Subjects suitable for treatment include individuals living in industrialized countries; individuals living developing countries; individuals living in rural areas; individuals living in relatively isolated areas; and the like.
  • the target population for a subject immunogenic composition will vary, depending on the microbial pathogen
  • This example involves use of PIKA in combination with a variety of antigens to elicit a specific immune response in vivo.
  • the research was conducted in a series of independent experiments with a common protocol though using a different antigen each time.
  • the antigens tested include: a recombinant protein hepatitis B surface antigen type adw, an inactivated split influenza vaccine (VAXIGRIP from Sanofi Pasteur), a synthesized HIV peptide antigen, a recombinant protein herpes simplex virus type 2 gD antigen, recombinant protective anthrax protein antigen, inactivated whole virus avian influenza antigen strain H5N1 and an inactivated whole virus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) inactivated antigen.
  • VAXIGRIP inactivated split influenza vaccine
  • the protocol for the individual experiment involve the inoculation of Balb/c mice with compositions of antigen alone, antigen with the PIKA adjuvant (a heterogeneous composition of PIKA molecules predominantly within a weight range distribution of about 66 kDa to 1,200 kDa), PIKA alone, a control comprising phosphate buffer solution (PBS).
  • the groups are designated A to E according to the table I below: TABLE I Composition Definition Group Composition A Antigen only B* Antigen and PIKA adjuvant C PIKA only D Control (phosphate buffer solution) *Different ratios/quantities of antigen and adjuvant are designated B1, B2 etc.
  • mice were then given an identical booster vaccine ten to fourteen days after the initial injection. Ten to fourteen days after the booster injection a blood sample was taken, the mice were then sacrificed and tissue samples taken from the spleen.
  • a suspension of spleen cells was prepared and a sample of the cell suspension from each mouse was put into 6-12 wells of the ELISPOT plate and cultured, Each well of the ELISPOT plate contained 200 ul of splenocyte suspension, equivalent to approximately 2 ⁇ 10 5 or 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well (see units details in tables below).
  • splenocyte suspension 200 ul of splenocyte suspension, equivalent to approximately 2 ⁇ 10 5 or 2.5 ⁇ 10 5 cells/well (see units details in tables below).
  • Standard ELISPOT tests known to those skilled in the art, were used to detect the number of cells producing the cytokines IL-4, IL-2 and INF- ⁇ .
  • FACS Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter
  • HBSAg Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
  • results in table II below are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence number of cells producing INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using a recombinant protein hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) type adw.
  • Groups A to E represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in the table II (see also FIG. 1 . 1 ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure the number of cells producing cytokine.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • PIKA adjuvant enhances the overall immune response to HBsAg, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically predominant Th1 bias immune response and promote the cell mediated immune response.
  • VAXIGRIP Sudofi Pasteur
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • H1N1, H3N2 H3N2
  • results in table III below are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence the number of cells producing INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using VAXIGRIP vaccine a inactivated split human influenza vaccine produced by Sanofi Pasteur.
  • Groups A to D represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in the table III (see also FIG. 1 . 2 ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure of cytokine production.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to the influenza antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • PIKA adjuvant enhances the overall immune response to influenza antigen, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically the cell mediated immune response.
  • the VAXIGRIP is an approved influenza vaccine recognized to significantly reduce the risk of contracting influenza.
  • the addition of PIKA enhances the level of cytokines produced thereby indicating that a vaccine comprising VAXIGRIP and PIKA also elicits an immune response that significantly reduces the risk of contracting influenza.
  • results in table IV below are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence number of cells producing INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using an HIV peptide antigen.
  • Groups A to D represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in the table IV (see also FIG. 1 . 3 a ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure of cytokine production.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to the HIV antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • the conclusion drawn is that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant with HIV antigen enhances the overall immune response, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically the cell mediated immune response.
  • results in table VI below are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence of INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using a recombinant anthrax.
  • Groups A to D represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in the table VI (see also FIG. 1 . 4 a ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure of cytokine production.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to the anthrax antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • PIKA adjuvant enhances the overall immune response to rPA, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically the cell mediated immune response.
  • results in table VIII below are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence of INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using a recombinant herpes simplex virus antigen.
  • Groups A to D represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in the table VIII (see also FIG. 1 . 5 a ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure of cytokine production.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to the herpes simplex virus antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • PIKA adjuvant enhances the overall immune response to HSV antigen, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically the cell mediated immune response.
  • results in table X are the results of the ELISPOT test detecting the presence of INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 using an inactivated non purified H5N1 antigen.
  • Groups A to D represent the different combinations of antigen/adjuvant/control media administered to the mice.
  • the numbers in table X (see also FIG. 1 . 6 a ) represent the ELISPOT reading, the number of spot forming cells, that is, a direct measure of cytokine production.
  • the distinct increase in the number of spot forming cells with the addition of the PIKA adjuvant (as compared with the antigen alone) demonstrates that the addition of the PIKA adjuvant to the H5N1 antigen enhances the expression of cytokines INF- ⁇ , IL-2 and IL-4 by cultured spleen cells.
  • the observed expression of cytokines indicates an enhanced adaptive immune response of both a humoral and cell mediated immunity induced by the presence of the PIKA adjuvant.
  • the addition of the PIKA adjuvant enhances the overall immune response to H5N1 antigen, in particular the specific immune response, more particularly the adaptive immunity and more specifically the cell mediated immune response.
  • the objective of this experiment is to demonstrate that the addition of PIKA to a SARS antigen enhances the immune response and stimulates the host's immune system to produce protective SARS specific antibodies.
  • Each group was administered an identical doses on day 0, day 14 and day 28.
  • a blood sample was extracted and the serum tested for the presence of IgG, being a measure of the presence of disease specific antibodies.
  • the blood serum was diluted by a factor of 16,000 times then the presence of IgG was measured using an ELISA reader the procedure being familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the output being an optical density (O.D.) reading where the greater the value the greater the presence of IgG.
  • PIKA Vaccine Provides Immune Protection Against H5N1 Infection
  • the objective of this experiment is to demonstrate that an avian influenza vaccine comprising the PIKA adjuvant is able to protect chickens against live avian flu virus infection.
  • the composition included antigen and PIKA adjuvant at a ratio of approximately 2:1 antigen to the PIKA adjuvant.
  • Blood samples were taken from under the wing at 7, 14 and 21 days.
  • the blood serum was tested for the presence of specific H5 and H9 antibodies.
  • Table XIII (see also FIG. 3 ) demonstrates that the presence of PIKA induces the production of specific antigen antibodies. TABLE XIII Antibody Levels Measured by ELISA Reader Antibody Day 0 Day 7 Day 14 Day 21 H5 0 1.2 1.44 2.4 H9 0 1.7 2.3 3.9 Units: Optical density reading from ELISA analysis
  • PIKA Vaccine Provides Immune Protection Against Rabies Infection
  • the objective of this research is to demonstrate that a rabies vaccine comprising the PIKA adjuvant is able to confer protection against a rabies infection.
  • PIKA a heterogeneous composition of PIKA molecules predominantly within a weight range of 66 kDa to 660 kDa
  • inactivated purified hamster kidney cell rabies antigen in a ratio of 1:4 by volume
  • ii) Sanofi-Aventis' Veroab vero cell inactivated rabies vaccine
  • iii the inactivated purified hamster kidney cell rabies vaccine with an alum adjuvant
  • iv) control phosphate buffer solution A 60 ul dose of vaccine was administered 30 to 40 minutes, 3 days, 6 days and 9 days after infection by subcutaneous injection into the thigh.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • AIDS & HIV (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
US11/331,575 2006-01-13 2006-01-13 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant Abandoned US20070166800A1 (en)

Priority Applications (20)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/331,575 US20070166800A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-01-13 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
CN2006800007767A CN101166559B (zh) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 包含基于聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸的佐剂的免疫原物质
BRPI0621181A BRPI0621181A8 (pt) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Substâncias imunogênicas que compreendem um adjuvante a base de ácido poliinosínico - ácido policitidílico
EP06748124A EP1971402A4 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 IMMUNOGENEOUS SUBSTANCES WITH AN ADJUVANS ON POLYINOSIC ACID POLYCYTIDILIC ACID BASE
HK08108667.7A HK1112863B (zh) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 包含基於聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸的佐剂的免疫原物质
AU2006335367A AU2006335367B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
NZ570379A NZ570379A (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
PCT/SG2006/000176 WO2007081287A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
CA002632415A CA2632415A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US12/160,583 US20090175902A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic Substances Comprising A Polyinosinic Acid-Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
RU2008133217/15A RU2462264C2 (ru) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Иммуногенные вещества, содержащие адъювант на основе полиинозиновой кислоты-полицитидиловой кислоты
KR1020087015328A KR20080091106A (ko) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 폴리이노신산-폴리시티딜산-기초 보조제를 포함하는면역원성 물질
JP2008550270A JP2009523721A (ja) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 ポリイノシン酸−ポリシチジル酸に基づくアジュバントを含む、免疫原性物質
MYPI20070043 MY150706A (en) 2006-01-13 2007-01-11 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
TW096101298A TWI503125B (zh) 2006-01-13 2007-01-12 包含以聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸為主之佐劑的免疫原組合物
IL192746A IL192746A0 (en) 2006-01-13 2008-07-10 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
CU20080135A CU23810A3 (es) 2006-01-13 2008-07-14 Sustancias inmunogénicas que comprenden un adyuvante a base de ácido poliinosínico-ácido policitidílico
ZA200806339A ZA200806339B (en) 2006-01-13 2008-07-22 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US13/032,543 US8303966B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-02-22 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid—polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US13/632,903 US20130115244A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2012-10-01 Immunogenic Substances Comprising a Polyinosinic Acid - Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/331,575 US20070166800A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-01-13 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant

Related Child Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SG2006/000176 Continuation-In-Part WO2007081287A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US12/160,583 Continuation-In-Part US20090175902A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic Substances Comprising A Polyinosinic Acid-Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
US16058308A Continuation-In-Part 2006-01-13 2008-11-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070166800A1 true US20070166800A1 (en) 2007-07-19

Family

ID=38256597

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/331,575 Abandoned US20070166800A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-01-13 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US12/160,583 Abandoned US20090175902A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic Substances Comprising A Polyinosinic Acid-Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
US13/032,543 Expired - Lifetime US8303966B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-02-22 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid—polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US13/632,903 Abandoned US20130115244A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2012-10-01 Immunogenic Substances Comprising a Polyinosinic Acid - Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/160,583 Abandoned US20090175902A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2006-06-27 Immunogenic Substances Comprising A Polyinosinic Acid-Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
US13/032,543 Expired - Lifetime US8303966B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2011-02-22 Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid—polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US13/632,903 Abandoned US20130115244A1 (en) 2006-01-13 2012-10-01 Immunogenic Substances Comprising a Polyinosinic Acid - Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (4) US20070166800A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1971402A4 (zh)
JP (1) JP2009523721A (zh)
KR (1) KR20080091106A (zh)
CN (1) CN101166559B (zh)
AU (1) AU2006335367B2 (zh)
BR (1) BRPI0621181A8 (zh)
CA (1) CA2632415A1 (zh)
CU (1) CU23810A3 (zh)
IL (1) IL192746A0 (zh)
MY (1) MY150706A (zh)
NZ (1) NZ570379A (zh)
RU (1) RU2462264C2 (zh)
TW (1) TWI503125B (zh)
WO (1) WO2007081287A1 (zh)
ZA (1) ZA200806339B (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070160632A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-07-12 Lin Haixiang Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-based adjuvant
US20070166239A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Haixiang Lin Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US20110212123A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2011-09-01 Haixiang Lin Immunogenic Substances Comprising a Polyinosinic Acid - Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
US20160317432A1 (en) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions And Methods For Improving Skin Health
US12097254B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2024-09-24 Yisheng Biopharma (Singapore) Pte Ltd Rabies composition comprising PIKA adjuvant

Families Citing this family (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2009215128A1 (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-20 Hemispherx Biopharma, Inc. Selective agonist of toll-like receptor 3
RU2441667C1 (ru) * 2010-12-09 2012-02-10 Иосиф Григорьевич Атабеков Новый тип частиц-носителей (платформ) для получения активных комплексов
RU2440140C1 (ru) * 2010-12-09 2012-01-20 Иосиф Григорьевич Атабеков Иммуногенная композиция, содержащая чужеродные антигены на поверхности сферических носителей, полученных при термической денатурации спиральных вирусов
US9303068B2 (en) 2012-11-30 2016-04-05 The Regents Of The University Of California D-amino acid derivative-modified peptidoglycan and methods of use thereof
JP6505084B2 (ja) * 2013-05-14 2019-04-24 ゾエティス・サービシーズ・エルエルシー 免疫刺激性オリゴヌクレオチドを含む新規のワクチン組成物
US9580758B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2017-02-28 Luc Montagnier System and method for the detection and treatment of infection by a microbial agent associated with HIV infection
CN105396130A (zh) * 2015-11-10 2016-03-16 林海祥 皮氨钙佐剂及含有皮氨钙佐剂的疫苗
EA037117B1 (ru) * 2015-11-17 2021-02-09 Хайлайт Терапьютикс, С.Л. Новая фармацевтическая композиция, содержащая частицы, содержащие комплекс двухнитевого полирибонуклеотида и полиалкиленимина
CN106075431A (zh) * 2016-03-23 2016-11-09 林海祥 皮氨钙联合佐剂及含有皮氨钙联合佐剂的疫苗
CN114632091A (zh) * 2016-04-01 2022-06-17 依生生物制药(新加坡)私人有限公司 用于治疗癌症的含有聚核苷酸的药物组合物
CN106075432A (zh) * 2016-04-27 2016-11-09 林海祥 皮卡钙联合佐剂及含有皮卡钙联合佐剂的疫苗
CN107875168B (zh) * 2016-09-30 2022-03-04 广州百吉生物制药有限公司 一种免疫调节组合物在治疗恶性积液中的用途
EP4122449A1 (en) * 2017-05-17 2023-01-25 Highlight Therapeutics, S.L. Novel pharmaceutical composition comprising particles comprising a complex of a double-stranded polyribonucleotide and a polyalkyleneimine
CN109125264B (zh) 2017-06-19 2020-10-30 林海祥 一种抗感染抗肿瘤的粘膜免疫制剂
WO2019032046A1 (en) 2017-08-10 2019-02-14 Yisheng Biopharma (Singapore) Pte Ltd COMPOSITION FOR TREATING AND / OR PREVENTING HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AND USE THEREOF
CN109078180B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2019-05-31 信福(北京)医药科技有限公司 用于增强免疫响应的复合物
EP3818990A4 (en) 2018-06-29 2022-05-04 Xinfu (Beijing) Medical Technology Co., Ltd. METHOD FOR PREPARING A COMPOSITE FOR IMPROVING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE
CN109663126A (zh) * 2019-03-01 2019-04-23 龙阔（苏州）生物工程有限公司 一种疫苗佐剂及其应用及猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗
WO2021243248A2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Children's Medical Center Corporation Adjuvants for severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) vaccines
KR20230013133A (ko) * 2020-05-29 2023-01-26 베이징 이셍 바이오테크놀로지 컴퍼니 엘티디. 폴리뉴클레오타이드를 포함하는 약물조성물 및 그 covid-19 예방 또는 치료에 사용되는 용도
CN120475977A (zh) * 2022-11-09 2025-08-12 挚诺生物科技私人有限公司 Car-t细胞、组合物及改善免疫细胞疗法的方法

Citations (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3666646A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-05-30 Merck & Co Inc Reduction of molecular weight in polynucleotides using ultrasonic radiation
US3692899A (en) * 1969-12-17 1972-09-19 Us Health Education & Welfare Inhibition of transplanted tumor growth by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in mice
US3906092A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-09-16 Merck & Co Inc Stimulation of antibody response
US3952097A (en) * 1974-09-27 1976-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4024241A (en) * 1974-09-27 1977-05-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Health, Education And Welfare Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4082736A (en) * 1976-04-26 1978-04-04 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Novel immunological adjuvant compounds and methods of preparation thereof
US4082735A (en) * 1976-04-26 1978-04-04 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Novel immunological adjuvant compounds and methods of preparation thereof
US4094971A (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-06-13 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche Immunological adjuvant agents active in aqueous solution
US4101536A (en) * 1976-06-23 1978-07-18 Daiichi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Muramyldipeptide derivatives and process for the preparation thereof
US4124702A (en) * 1971-07-06 1978-11-07 Merck & Co., Inc. Polynucleotides active as inducers of interferon production in living animal cells
US4140761A (en) * 1977-04-11 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education & Welfare Modification of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen
US4153684A (en) * 1976-03-10 1979-05-08 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Immunizing and anti-infectious adjuvant agents constituted by N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid derivatives
US4185089A (en) * 1976-10-22 1980-01-22 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Immunological adjuvant constituted by the p-amino-phenyl derivative of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
US4186194A (en) * 1973-10-23 1980-01-29 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating, in the host the immune response to various antigens and compositions, notably vaccines containing said water soluble agents
US4314998A (en) * 1979-02-28 1982-02-09 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 6-Deoxyglucosamine-peptide derivatives, their production and use
US4349538A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-09-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4369178A (en) * 1979-02-21 1983-01-18 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Glucosamine peptide derivatives, their production and use
US4389395A (en) * 1981-01-09 1983-06-21 Lerner A Martin Low molecular weight complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and method of inducing interferon
US4954298A (en) * 1985-02-07 1990-09-04 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing microcapsule
US6468558B2 (en) * 1997-04-28 2002-10-22 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Liposome-encapsulated poly ICLC
US6514948B1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2003-02-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for enhancing an immune response
US20070160632A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-07-12 Lin Haixiang Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-based adjuvant
US20070166239A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Haixiang Lin Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ194880A (en) 1979-09-17 1983-07-15 Merck & Co Inc Interferon-inducing composition containing modified polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
FR2476488A2 (fr) 1980-02-25 1981-08-28 Government Us America Nouveau complexe hydrophile, resistant aux nucleases, d'acide polyriboinosinique-polyribocytidylique, son procede de preparation et son application comme inducteur d'interferon
JPS572220A (en) 1980-06-09 1982-01-07 Toray Ind Inc Production of interferon
US4400375A (en) * 1981-11-23 1983-08-23 Eli Lilly And Company Tobramycin-double stranded RNA complex suitable for inducing interferon
US4857315A (en) 1986-09-29 1989-08-15 Mount Sinai Hospital Corporation Compositions containing golgi alpha-mannosidase II inhibitors
JPH01186818A (ja) 1988-01-18 1989-07-26 Yamasa Shoyu Co Ltd ポリリボイノシン酸・ポリリボシチジル酸・ポリ−ｌ−リジン複合体製剤
US5230883A (en) * 1989-05-04 1993-07-27 Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Method for localization and treatment of tumors using polylysine complexes
CN1056315C (zh) * 1993-05-31 2000-09-13 林海祥 聚肌胞复合物免疫佐剂及含有该佐剂的疫苗
WO1996020698A2 (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-11 The Board Of Regents Acting For And On Behalf Of The University Of Michigan Surface-modified nanoparticles and method of making and using same
US6096291A (en) * 1996-12-27 2000-08-01 Biovector Therapeutics, S.A. Mucosal administration of substances to mammals
CN1867355A (zh) 2003-08-11 2006-11-22 财团法人阪大微生物病研究会 包含诱导粘膜免疫的佐剂的新型疫苗
CA2564525A1 (en) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Paradigm Therapeutics Limited Ion channel
US20070166800A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Haixiang Lin Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant

Patent Citations (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3692899A (en) * 1969-12-17 1972-09-19 Us Health Education & Welfare Inhibition of transplanted tumor growth by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid in mice
US3666646A (en) * 1970-05-15 1972-05-30 Merck & Co Inc Reduction of molecular weight in polynucleotides using ultrasonic radiation
US4124702A (en) * 1971-07-06 1978-11-07 Merck & Co., Inc. Polynucleotides active as inducers of interferon production in living animal cells
US3906092A (en) * 1971-11-26 1975-09-16 Merck & Co Inc Stimulation of antibody response
US4323559A (en) * 1973-10-23 1982-04-06 Agencie Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Compounds derived from N-acetyl-nor-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamic acid and other compounds and biologically active compositions containing such compounds
US4235771A (en) * 1973-10-23 1980-11-25 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating in the host the immune response to various antigens and compositions, notably vaccines containing said water soluble agents
US4186194A (en) * 1973-10-23 1980-01-29 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Water soluble agents effective as immunological adjuvants for stimulating, in the host the immune response to various antigens and compositions, notably vaccines containing said water soluble agents
US4327085A (en) * 1973-10-23 1982-04-27 Agence National De Valorisation De La Recherache (Anvar) Biologically active compositions and methods of use
US3952097A (en) * 1974-09-27 1976-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4024241A (en) * 1974-09-27 1977-05-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Health, Education And Welfare Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4094971A (en) * 1975-08-29 1978-06-13 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche Immunological adjuvant agents active in aqueous solution
US4153684A (en) * 1976-03-10 1979-05-08 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Immunizing and anti-infectious adjuvant agents constituted by N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamic acid derivatives
US4082735A (en) * 1976-04-26 1978-04-04 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Novel immunological adjuvant compounds and methods of preparation thereof
US4082736A (en) * 1976-04-26 1978-04-04 Syntex (U.S.A.) Inc. Novel immunological adjuvant compounds and methods of preparation thereof
US4101536A (en) * 1976-06-23 1978-07-18 Daiichi Seiyaku Co., Ltd. Muramyldipeptide derivatives and process for the preparation thereof
US4185089A (en) * 1976-10-22 1980-01-22 Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) Immunological adjuvant constituted by the p-amino-phenyl derivative of N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine
US4140761A (en) * 1977-04-11 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education & Welfare Modification of hepatitis B virus infection in chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen
US4369178A (en) * 1979-02-21 1983-01-18 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Glucosamine peptide derivatives, their production and use
US4314998A (en) * 1979-02-28 1982-02-09 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. 6-Deoxyglucosamine-peptide derivatives, their production and use
US4349538A (en) * 1979-12-07 1982-09-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Department Of Health And Human Services Nuclease-resistant hydrophilic complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid
US4389395A (en) * 1981-01-09 1983-06-21 Lerner A Martin Low molecular weight complex of polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid and method of inducing interferon
US4954298A (en) * 1985-02-07 1990-09-04 Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd. Method for producing microcapsule
US6468558B2 (en) * 1997-04-28 2002-10-22 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government Liposome-encapsulated poly ICLC
US6514948B1 (en) * 1999-07-02 2003-02-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Method for enhancing an immune response
US20070160632A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-07-12 Lin Haixiang Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-based adjuvant
US20070166239A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Haixiang Lin Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070160632A1 (en) * 2005-06-08 2007-07-12 Lin Haixiang Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-based adjuvant
US7838017B2 (en) 2005-06-08 2010-11-23 Newbiomed Pika Pte Ltd Polyinosinic acid-polycytidylic acid-based adjuvant
US20070166239A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2007-07-19 Haixiang Lin Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US20090311334A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2009-12-17 Lin Hiaxiang Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US20110212123A1 (en) * 2006-01-13 2011-09-01 Haixiang Lin Immunogenic Substances Comprising a Polyinosinic Acid - Polycytidilic Acid Based Adjuvant
US8303966B2 (en) 2006-01-13 2012-11-06 Yisheng Biopharma (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid—polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
US12097254B2 (en) 2014-12-23 2024-09-24 Yisheng Biopharma (Singapore) Pte Ltd Rabies composition comprising PIKA adjuvant
US20160317432A1 (en) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions And Methods For Improving Skin Health
US9913800B2 (en) * 2015-04-28 2018-03-13 The Procter & Gamble Company Compositions and methods for improving skin health

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090175902A1 (en) 2009-07-09
TW200800258A (en) 2008-01-01
MY150706A (en) 2014-02-28
RU2462264C2 (ru) 2012-09-27
CN101166559B (zh) 2012-08-22
JP2009523721A (ja) 2009-06-25
IL192746A0 (en) 2009-02-11
NZ570379A (en) 2012-07-27
CA2632415A1 (en) 2007-07-19
US20110212123A1 (en) 2011-09-01
KR20080091106A (ko) 2008-10-09
EP1971402A1 (en) 2008-09-24
AU2006335367A1 (en) 2007-07-19
CN101166559A (zh) 2008-04-23
RU2008133217A (ru) 2010-02-20
HK1112863A1 (zh) 2008-09-19
TWI503125B (zh) 2015-10-11
EP1971402A4 (en) 2010-07-14
CU23810A3 (es) 2012-04-15
US8303966B2 (en) 2012-11-06
AU2006335367B2 (en) 2012-08-30
BRPI0621181A8 (pt) 2017-09-12
ZA200806339B (en) 2010-03-31
US20130115244A1 (en) 2013-05-09
WO2007081287A1 (en) 2007-07-19
BRPI0621181A2 (pt) 2011-11-22
WO2007081287A9 (en) 2007-12-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20070166800A1 (en) Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid-polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
TWI421091B (zh) 包含以聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸為主之佐劑的黏膜免疫物質
Boraschi et al. Immunosenescence and vaccine failure in the elderly: strategies for improving response
Johansen et al. Toll‐like receptor ligands as adjuvants in allergen‐specific immunotherapy
CN1997391A (zh) 以聚肌苷酸－聚胞苷酸为主的佐剂
Blanco-Pérez et al. Adjuvant allergen fusion proteins as novel tools for the treatment of type I allergies
Montoya et al. Principles of vaccinology and vaccine immune response
MX2008008966A (en) Immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
MX2008008967A (en) Mucosal immunogenic substances comprising a polyinosinic acid - polycytidilic acid based adjuvant
HK1112863B (zh) 包含基於聚肌苷酸-聚胞苷酸的佐剂的免疫原物质
WO2008133595A1 (en) Compositions and methods for stimulating an immune response in-vivo and in-vitro
WO2023211281A1 (en) Antiviral vaccine composition
Gracia Development of a novel adjuvant platform for neonatal vaccines against pertussis

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: NEWBIOMED PIKA PTE LTD, SINGAPORE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:LIN, HAIXIANG;LI, LIE TAO;REEL/FRAME:017676/0683

Effective date: 20060325

STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION