[go: up one dir, main page]

US20040101036A1 - Digital signal transfer method - Google Patents

Digital signal transfer method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20040101036A1
US20040101036A1 US10/666,221 US66622103A US2004101036A1 US 20040101036 A1 US20040101036 A1 US 20040101036A1 US 66622103 A US66622103 A US 66622103A US 2004101036 A1 US2004101036 A1 US 2004101036A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
signal
announcement
transfer
transferring
data
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
US10/666,221
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Bernhard Strzalkowski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Infineon Technologies AG
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of US20040101036A1 publication Critical patent/US20040101036A1/en
Priority to US11/776,390 priority Critical patent/US10419251B2/en
Priority to US12/570,082 priority patent/US8189693B2/en
Assigned to INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG reassignment INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STRZALKOWSKI, BERNHARD
Priority to US13/434,735 priority patent/US20120183024A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/08—Modifications for reducing interference; Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults ; Receiver end arrangements for detecting or overcoming line faults
    • H04L25/085—Arrangements for reducing interference in line transmission systems, e.g. by differential transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a digital signal transfer method, particularly for transferring a digital signal via a potential barrier.
  • transformers particularly planar transformers integrated on an IC, as described in Published German Patent Application 101 00 282 A1, for example, as data couplers.
  • transformers particularly planar transformers integrated on an IC, as described in Published German Patent Application 101 00 282 A1, for example, as data couplers.
  • To transfer signals using such transformers it is necessary to convert the signals into pulse trains that are suitable for transfer, and it is known practice, for example, to produce cyclic pulse trains from a binary control signal and to transfer them, as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,027,152, 4,748,419, 5,952,849 and 6,262,600, for example.
  • Planar transformers integrated in an integrated circuit which are also called coreless transformers, are capable of transferring data at a speed of up to 1 Gbaud, where not just the high data transfer speed, but also the low power consumption with good immunity to interference make such transformers attractive as coupling modules in data transfer links.
  • an embodiment of the inventive digital signal transfer method in which a first and a second transfer channel are provided.
  • the first transfer channel is used as an “announcement channel” for data transfer and the second transfer channel is used as an actual data channel.
  • an announcement signal including at least one pulse is first transferred via the first transfer channel.
  • the data signal is subsequently transferred via the second transfer channel within a data signal time window lasting for a prescribed period after the announcement signal.
  • the inventive method involves the announcement signal and the data signal being transferred at different times via separate transfer channels, which ensures a very high level of immunity to interference.
  • the likelihood of an interference signal which appears on the data channel being incorrectly identified as a useful signal is low in the case of the inventive method, because the receiver accepts only such signals that are received within the data signal time window after the announcement signal.
  • the transfer channels each include a magnetic coupling element, particularly a transformer integrated in an integrated circuit.
  • a magnetic coupling element particularly a transformer integrated in an integrated circuit.
  • interference signals are easy to detect in a receiver circuit and are correspondingly easy to isolate from the useful signal.
  • the data signal time window within which data signals are transferred starts after a period which is greater than zero after the announcement signal.
  • the announcement signal includes just a single pulse, and the data signal time window does not start until after the end of this announcement pulse.
  • a further transfer channel which is used to transfer control information.
  • control information includes a parity check signal or a transfer check signal, for example.
  • the data signal is transferred within the respective data signal time window in coded form in order to increase redundancy and hence to increase immunity to interference further, and any coding methods which increase redundancy can be used for this.
  • a data pulse or a data pulse train is repeated within the data signal time window, that is to say is transferred a plurality of times at successive times.
  • the inventive method is also suitable for transferring a binary signal that has a first or a second signal level.
  • Such signal profiles in which a signal assumes a first signal level or a second signal level over a comparatively long period, which is much longer than the data signal time window, are typical of control signals, for example turn-on and turn-off signals for loads, which need to be transferred in electrical installations with isolation of potentials.
  • control signals for example turn-on and turn-off signals for loads, which need to be transferred in electrical installations with isolation of potentials.
  • announcement pulses to be transferred at regular intervals of time and for respective pulse trains that represent the first or the second signal level to be transferred during the data signal time windows which follow the announcement signals.
  • a pulse is transferred during the data signal time window when the control signal assumes a first signal level, and no pulse is transferred when the control signal assumes a second signal level.
  • the transfer, repeated at cyclic intervals of time, of pulse trains which represent the signal level of the control signal helps to increase immunity to interference during the transfer of such control signals, since even if interference arises during a data signal time window and makes data transfer impossible, the data signal is transferred during one of the subsequent data signal time windows, after the interference has declined.
  • a digital signal transfer method that includes providing a transfer channel.
  • An announcement signal including at least one pulse is transmitted via the transfer channel.
  • a data signal is also transmitted via the transfer channel within a data signal time window lasting for a prescribed period after the announcement signal.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a data transfer link having two transfer channels that each include a coupling element for isolating potentials in a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing exemplary signal profiles of signals on the first and second transfer channels
  • FIG. 3A is a diagram showing exemplary signal profiles of signals, on the first and second transfer channels and also time profiles for selected internal signals in a transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit, which occur in one embodiment of a transfer method;
  • FIG. 3B is a diagram showing exemplary signal profiles of signals, on the first and second transfer channels and also on a third channel that is used as control information channel, which occur in a modification of the method;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing selected signal profiles for a method for transferring a binary control signal with regular announcement pulses.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing selected signal profiles for a method for transferring a binary control signal with event-controlled announcement pulses.
  • FIG. 1 there is schematically shown a data transfer link with a transmitter circuit 10 , to which an input signal Sin is supplied, and a receiver circuit 20 which provides an output signal Sout which is dependent on the input signal Sin.
  • the data transfer link also includes a first transfer channel with a coupling element TR 1 and a second transfer channel with a second coupling element TR 2 .
  • the coupling elements TR 1 , TR 2 preferably each include an integrated transformer for isolating the potentials of the transmitter circuit 10 and the receiver circuit 20 .
  • the first transfer channel is used as an announcement channel to transfer an announcement signal S 1 when data transfer needs to take place.
  • the second transfer channel is used as the actual data channel to transfer the actual data signal containing the useful information to the receiver.
  • Both the announcement signal S 1 and the data signal S 2 are individual pulses or pulse trains that are generated by the transmitter circuit 10 .
  • the length of the individual pulses is matched to the transfer properties of the coupling elements TR 1 , TR 2 in order for these pulses to be transferred optimally on interference-free channels.
  • each of the transformers TR 1 , TR 2 includes a primary coil which is excited by the signal S 1 or S 2 generated by the transmitter circuit 10 .
  • the magnetic coupling of the primary coil and the secondary coil mean that the transmitter-end pulse trains result in corresponding receiver-end pulse trains that are detected by the receiver circuit 20 .
  • FIG. 2 fundamentally shows the signal profiles for the announcement signal S 1 and the data signal S 2 in the inventive method.
  • the method provides for the first transfer channel, which serves as the announcement channel, to be used to transfer an announcement signal S 1 .
  • the method also includes transferring a pulse or a pulse train for the data signal within a respective time window lasting for a prescribed period after a pulse or a pulse train for the announcement signal.
  • the announcement signal transferred via the announcement channel is a respective individual announcement pulse.
  • a period td after the start of the announcement pulse is followed by the start of a time window, lasting for a period tf, within which the data signal is transferred.
  • the data signal includes just one data pulse per time window in the example shown in FIG. 2.
  • the period td after which the data signal time window starts is longer in this case than the pulse length of the announcement pulse, which means that the time window does not start until after the end of the announcement pulse, as a result of which the announcement pulses and the data pulses following the announcement pulses within the time windows are transferred at different times from one another, resulting in immunity to interference when using the method.
  • the data pulse train transferred during the data signal time window can contain the information that is to be transferred in virtually any manner.
  • just one pulse can be transferred during a data signal time window such that the information which is to be transferred is held in the period, for example, by which this pulse is additionally shifted with respect to the start of the data signal time window.
  • a plurality of, for example n, pulses representing that single bits of a data word of a length of n bits to be transferred can be transferred during a data signal time window.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are synchronized in the inventive method by virtue of the shape of the announcement signal generated by the transmitter, the period for which the data signal time window lasts, and also because the interval of time between the announcement signal and the data signal time window is known at the receiver. Whenever an announcement signal is received, this results in the receiver taking the known information about the period for which the data signal time window lasts and the latter's distance from the announcement signal as a basis for producing a time window within which pulses which are received on the data channel at the receiver are accepted as a data signal.
  • the transmitter circuit 10 contains a coder which codes the signal transferred within the data signal time windows
  • the receiver circuit contains a corresponding decoder which provides the output signal Sout from the signals received via the data channel within the data signal time windows.
  • FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the inventive method, in which announcement pulses in the announcement signal S 1 are generated cyclically in time with a clock signal Ts having a clock period tc.
  • an input signal Sin is also available which is shown by way of example as a binary signal whose level can change in time with the clock signal Ts. Such signals appear at the outputs of shift registers, for example.
  • the information about the current level of the input signal Sin is transferred in data signal time windows of length tf. The start of these data signal time windows respectively come a period td after the start of an announcement pulse.
  • the signal level of the input signal Sin is converted into the pulses transferred during the data signal time window by virtue of transferring two pulses at successive times in the data signal time window for a first level, for example, an upper level, of the input signal Sin, while no pulses are generated and transferred during the time window for a second level, for example, a lower level, of the input signal Sin.
  • the transfer of two successive pulses serves for redundancy and hence to increase the immunity to interference.
  • the receiver circuit 20 contains a shift register.
  • the content of this shift register is shown in FIG. 3A.
  • This shift register has a logic one written to it whenever two pulses are detected during the data signal time window.
  • there is a transfer error because only one pulse is being transferred instead of two pulses. This one pulse is not sufficient for a logic one to be written to the shift register. If no pulses are transferred during a data signal time window after an announcement pulse, a logic zero is written to the shift register.
  • a parity signal announcement pulse to be transferred via the announcement channel and for the associated parity signal to be transferred via the data channel within a data signal time window lasting for the period tf.
  • This method involves the stipulation that every nth pulse of the announcement signal S 1 is an announcement pulse for a parity signal or that a parity signal is transferred during every nth data signal time window.
  • every ninth announcement pulse is an announcement pulse for a parity signal.
  • the receiver 20 In the case of the method shown in FIG. 3A, the receiver 20 generates an internal transfer signal after a period ts after the parity signal announcement pulse.
  • the internal transfer signal governs the reading of the shift register described above for the purpose of generating the output signal Sout, provided that the parity check performed on the basis of the parity signal delivers a correct result.
  • FIG. 3B shows a modification of the method shown in FIG. 3A in which a third transfer channel is provided, which is shown in dashes in FIG. 1 and which likewise has a coupling element, preferably a magnetic coupling element, used to transfer a parity signal announcement pulse whenever the transfer of a data word has ended. Additionally, a parity signal is transferred via the data channel during a data signal time window lasting for the period tf after this parity signal announcement pulse.
  • the provision of a separate channel for the parity signal announcement pulse reduces the system's susceptibility to interference and also makes the system more flexible for transferring data words of different length. Hence, a parity check is not performed until a parity signal announcement pulse is received on the further channel.
  • the method shown in FIG. 3B also has provision for the further channel to be used to transfer a stop pulse which governs the generation of the internal transfer signal, which in turn governs the reading of the shift register to which the data from the data channel have previously been written.
  • a pulse is transferred on the announcement channel, preferably simultaneously with the stop pulse.
  • An internal transfer signal for reading the shift register and for outputting the output signal Sout is produced at the output of the receiver 20 only when the receiver receives the stop pulse and the pulse on the announcement channel.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a method for transferring the information contained in a control signal Sin.
  • the control signal Sin is a binary signal which assumes an upper or a lower level. The respective level is present for a period which is normally much longer than the period for which a data signal time window lasts.
  • the announcement channel For transferring such a signal, provision is made for the announcement channel to be used to transfer announcement pulses at regular intervals of time and to transfer at least one pulse containing information about the current signal level of the control signal Sin within data signal time windows, lasting for the period tf, the start of which respectively comes a period td after the start of an announcement pulse.
  • a pulse is transferred within the time window tf when the input signal Sin assumes an upper signal level, and no pulse is transferred within the data signal time window when the input signal Sin assumes a lower signal level.
  • the inventive method thus involves transferring pulses that indicate the current level of the input signal Sin at regular intervals of time.
  • the result of this is a high level of immunity to interference, since even if interference arises during one or more data signal time windows, a correct pulse is transferred sooner or later.
  • the input signal Sin changes from a lower level to an upper level at a time t1.
  • the information about this level change is transferred with a time delay after a period tdp in the method.
  • This period tdp results from the interval of time td between the announcement pulse and the data signal time window and from the interval of time between the level change in the input signal Sin and the announcement pulse.
  • a delay tdn is produced when the signal level changes from an upper level to a lower level of the input signal Sin, which accordingly results from a delay time between the time t2 at which the level change takes place and the time of the next announcement pulse and from the interval of time td between the announcement pulse and the data signal time window to which the information about the level change which has taken place is transferred.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a modification to the method for transferring a binary signal Sin which is explained with reference to FIG. 4.
  • This method involves first generating the announcement pulses cyclically, as can be seen, in particular, from the first time period, during which the signal assumes a high level.
  • the announcement pulses are generated on an event-controlled basis when there is a level change in the input signal Sin, in order to reduce the delay time between the level change and the data signal's pulse which represents this level change as compared with the method in FIG. 4. From the time profile for the announcement signal S 1 in FIG. 5, it becomes clear that, besides the cyclically recurring announcement pulses, further announcement pulses are present whose appearance is dependent on a level change in the input signal Sin.
  • the delay time which elapses during this method in line with FIG. 5 between a rising edge of the input signal Sin and the transmission of a useful pulse which represents this edge corresponds essentially to the period td, provided that the useful pulse is transferred immediately at the start of the data signal time window.
  • This delay time arises when the signal level of the input signal changes from an upper signal level to a lower signal level.
  • This information is transferred by not transferring a pulse during the data signal time window, which means that it is necessary to wait the length of this time window until the output signal Sout changes its level.
  • announcement pulses announcing a data transfer and data pulses are transferred via physically separate channels in order to increase immunity to interference. If a reduction in the immunity to interference is acceptable, then one modification to the method explained up to now has provision for the announcement pulses and the data pulses to be transferred via just one common channel instead of via separate channels.
  • the data pulses are each transferred within a data signal time window of prescribed length which comes after an announcement pulse in time, with, as in the case of the method explained previously, the receiver “accepting” only such data pulses that are transferred within the data signal time window after an announcement signal or announcement pulse.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Dc Digital Transmission (AREA)
US10/666,221 2002-09-18 2003-09-18 Digital signal transfer method Abandoned US20040101036A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/776,390 US10419251B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2007-07-11 Digital signal transfer using integrated transformers with electrical isolation
US12/570,082 US8189693B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2009-09-30 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus
US13/434,735 US20120183024A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2012-03-29 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10243197A DE10243197B4 (de) 2002-09-18 2002-09-18 Digitales Signalübertragungsverfahren
DE10243197.3 2002-09-18

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/776,390 Continuation US10419251B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2007-07-11 Digital signal transfer using integrated transformers with electrical isolation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20040101036A1 true US20040101036A1 (en) 2004-05-27

Family

ID=32009837

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/666,221 Abandoned US20040101036A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2003-09-18 Digital signal transfer method
US11/776,390 Expired - Fee Related US10419251B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2007-07-11 Digital signal transfer using integrated transformers with electrical isolation
US12/570,082 Expired - Fee Related US8189693B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2009-09-30 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus
US13/434,735 Abandoned US20120183024A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2012-03-29 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus

Family Applications After (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/776,390 Expired - Fee Related US10419251B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2007-07-11 Digital signal transfer using integrated transformers with electrical isolation
US12/570,082 Expired - Fee Related US8189693B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2009-09-30 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus
US13/434,735 Abandoned US20120183024A1 (en) 2002-09-18 2012-03-29 Digital signal transfer method and apparatus

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (4) US20040101036A1 (de)
DE (2) DE10262239B4 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090196358A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Jose Martinez Method and Apparatus for Signal Transmission
US20150351202A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 Technical Consumer Products, Inc. Master-slave control arrangement for a lighting fixture

Families Citing this family (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10262239B4 (de) 2002-09-18 2011-04-28 Infineon Technologies Ag Digitales Signalübertragungsverfahren
US7075329B2 (en) * 2003-04-30 2006-07-11 Analog Devices, Inc. Signal isolators using micro-transformers
US7719305B2 (en) * 2006-07-06 2010-05-18 Analog Devices, Inc. Signal isolator using micro-transformers
DE102008055862A1 (de) 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Tridonicatco Gmbh & Co. Kg Leuchtmittel-Betriebsgerät mit Potentialtrennung
US8432182B2 (en) * 2009-03-30 2013-04-30 Analog Devices, Inc. USB isolator with advanced control features
JP2010252020A (ja) * 2009-04-15 2010-11-04 Renesas Electronics Corp 光受信回路、及び光結合型絶縁回路
US8634480B2 (en) 2010-09-30 2014-01-21 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Signal transmission arrangement with a transformer and signal transmission method
US9293997B2 (en) 2013-03-14 2016-03-22 Analog Devices Global Isolated error amplifier for isolated power supplies
US10270630B2 (en) * 2014-09-15 2019-04-23 Analog Devices, Inc. Demodulation of on-off-key modulated signals in signal isolator systems
US10536309B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2020-01-14 Analog Devices, Inc. Demodulation of on-off-key modulated signals in signal isolator systems
US9660848B2 (en) 2014-09-15 2017-05-23 Analog Devices Global Methods and structures to generate on/off keyed carrier signals for signal isolators
US9998301B2 (en) 2014-11-03 2018-06-12 Analog Devices, Inc. Signal isolator system with protection for common mode transients
KR20170033722A (ko) * 2015-09-17 2017-03-27 삼성전자주식회사 사용자의 발화 처리 장치 및 방법과, 음성 대화 관리 장치
JP6741497B2 (ja) * 2016-07-01 2020-08-19 ラピスセミコンダクタ株式会社 信号変換装置、処理装置、通信システムおよび信号変換方法
IT201600102282A1 (it) * 2016-10-12 2018-04-12 St Microelectronics Srl Procedimento per trasferire segnali su trasformatori, circuito e dispositivo corrispondenti
RU2661278C1 (ru) * 2017-06-16 2018-07-13 Открытое акционерное общество "Авангард" Устройство гальванической развязки логических сигналов (варианты)
US10756715B2 (en) * 2018-07-03 2020-08-25 Rohm Co., Ltd. Signal transfer device
US10978135B2 (en) * 2019-02-28 2021-04-13 Texas Instruments Incorporated Architecture for resolution of data and refresh-path conflict for low-power digital isolator
DE102020122783B3 (de) 2020-09-01 2021-08-26 Semikron Elektronik Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Übertragung eines Einschaltsignals und eines Ausschaltsignals von einer Primärseite und zu einer Sekundärseite eines Treibers zum Ansteuern eines Leistungshalbleiterschalters und Treiber

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573740A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-04-06 Ncr Co Communication multiplexer for online data transmission
US3763472A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-10-02 Burroughs Corp Distributing and collecting memory array and transfer system
US4027152A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-05-31 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus and method for transmitting binary-coded information
US4748419A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-05-31 Burr-Brown Corporation Isolation amplifier with precise timing of signals coupled across isolation barrier
US4772963A (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-09-20 Datatape Incorporated Duplicate digital date recording apparatus for enhancing bit error rate performance of a data storage medium
US5952849A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-09-14 Analog Devices, Inc. Logic isolator with high transient immunity
US6154498A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-11-28 Intel Corporation Computer system with a semi-differential bus signaling scheme
US6262600B1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-07-17 Analog Devices, Inc. Isolator for transmitting logic signals across an isolation barrier
US20030189984A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-10-09 Toyohiko Komatsu Data transmission device, data transfer system and method
US20060221088A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-10-05 Nec Corporation Memory interface control circuit

Family Cites Families (156)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2802202A (en) * 1955-07-13 1957-08-06 Sperry Rand Corp Gating circuit
US2937371A (en) * 1955-07-26 1960-05-17 Curtiss Wright Corp Information transfer system
US3058078A (en) 1956-02-21 1962-10-09 Siegfried R Hoh Low capacitance transformer
US3409889A (en) * 1966-07-18 1968-11-05 Control Data Corp Synchronized communications system
US3349328A (en) * 1963-12-30 1967-10-24 Ultronic Systems Corp Digital communication system using half-cycle signals at bit transistions
US3465101A (en) * 1966-04-18 1969-09-02 Collins Radio Co High speed inter-computer communication using narrow bandwidth twisted pair cable
US3537022A (en) 1968-01-10 1970-10-27 Hewlett Packard Co Signal translating circuit
US3525946A (en) * 1968-06-19 1970-08-25 Westel Co Single delay line demodulator system for angle modulated signal
JPS5119739B1 (de) 1970-11-06 1976-06-19
US3714540A (en) 1970-11-10 1973-01-30 Oxy Metal Finishing Corp Isolation and transforming circuit
US3808673A (en) 1971-03-17 1974-05-07 Monsanto Co Opto-isolator devices and method for the fabrication thereof
US3863244A (en) * 1972-06-14 1975-01-28 Lichtblau G J Electronic security system having improved noise discrimination
US3798608A (en) 1972-12-15 1974-03-19 Johnson Service Co Digital signal transmission apparatus
DE2529296A1 (de) 1975-07-01 1977-01-20 Ferranti Ltd Impuls-transformator
US4040100A (en) * 1975-09-25 1977-08-02 Adams-Smith Incorporated Digital video tape frame code readout system
US4024452A (en) 1976-03-10 1977-05-17 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Integrated solid state isolator circuit
DE2706935C2 (de) 1977-02-18 1984-05-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart Elektronischer Schalter mit spannungsunabhängigem Ausschalt-Zustand
US4118603A (en) 1977-05-31 1978-10-03 Noramco, Inc. DC signaling circuit for use in conjunction with isolation transformers
DE2821812C2 (de) 1978-05-19 1984-01-12 Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim Schaltungsanordnung zur potentialgetrennten Übertragung von Signalen
US4227045A (en) 1978-06-28 1980-10-07 Honeywell Inc. Data processing protocol system
US4275404A (en) 1979-10-05 1981-06-23 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Monolithic opto-isolator
US4302807A (en) 1980-08-04 1981-11-24 Burroughs Corporation Controlled current base drive circuit
US4339823A (en) * 1980-08-15 1982-07-13 Motorola, Inc. Phase corrected clock signal recovery circuit
US4547961A (en) 1980-11-14 1985-10-22 Analog Devices, Incorporated Method of manufacture of miniaturized transformer
JPS5946148B2 (ja) 1981-02-10 1984-11-10 横河電機株式会社 絶縁装置
US4538136A (en) 1981-03-30 1985-08-27 Amtel Systems Corporation Power line communication system utilizing a local oscillator
DE3122457C2 (de) * 1981-06-05 1983-07-07 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur Regelung des Empfangspegels von über Funk übertragenen Nachrichten
US4468787A (en) * 1981-11-09 1984-08-28 Lear Siegler, Inc. Ternary data transmission system
US4554462A (en) 1982-03-16 1985-11-19 Fanuc Limited Non-polarized contactless relay
JPS58215833A (ja) 1982-06-10 1983-12-15 Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd 磁気信号伝送装置
US4818855A (en) 1985-01-11 1989-04-04 Indala Corporation Identification system
GB2173956B (en) 1985-03-29 1989-01-05 Plessey Co Plc Improvements relating to electric transformers
DE3512280A1 (de) 1985-04-03 1986-10-09 Nixdorf Computer Ag, 4790 Paderborn Schaltungsanordnung zur erdfreien uebertragung digitaler signale ueber trennstellen
US4660014A (en) 1985-06-19 1987-04-21 Jaycor Electromagnetic pulse isolation transformer
US4703478A (en) * 1985-08-02 1987-10-27 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Burst-switching method for an integrated communications system
US4703283A (en) 1986-02-24 1987-10-27 Howard Samuels Isolation amplifier with T-type modulator
US4835486A (en) 1986-04-28 1989-05-30 Burr-Brown Corporation Isolation amplifier with precise timing of signals coupled across isolation barrier
US4780795A (en) 1986-04-28 1988-10-25 Burr-Brown Corporation Packages for hybrid integrated circuit high voltage isolation amplifiers and method of manufacture
US4785345A (en) 1986-05-08 1988-11-15 American Telephone And Telegraph Co., At&T Bell Labs. Integrated transformer structure with primary winding in substrate
NL8601572A (nl) * 1986-06-18 1988-01-18 Philips Nv Telecommunicatiestelsel met een busgeleider en via transformatoren op die busgeleider aangesloten telecommunicatiestations.
US5025459A (en) * 1986-07-23 1991-06-18 Optical Communications Corp. Optical communications transmitter and receiver
US4825450A (en) 1987-03-12 1989-04-25 The Boeing Company Binary data communication system
US4924210A (en) 1987-03-17 1990-05-08 Omron Tateisi Electronics Company Method of controlling communication in an ID system
DE3731020A1 (de) 1987-09-11 1989-03-30 Siemens Ag Schaltungsanordnung zur uebertragung von sendeimpulsen zwischen zwei galvanisch getrennten stromkreisen
US4885582A (en) 1987-09-28 1989-12-05 The Grass Valley Group, Inc. "Simple code" encoder/decoder
US4959631A (en) 1987-09-29 1990-09-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Planar inductor
JPH01116281A (ja) 1987-10-29 1989-05-09 Aisin Seiki Co Ltd 点火装置
US4859877A (en) 1988-01-04 1989-08-22 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Bidirectional digital signal transmission system
US4817865A (en) 1988-03-17 1989-04-04 Racal Data Communications Inc. Ventilation system for modular electronic housing
US5155735A (en) * 1988-03-31 1992-10-13 Wang Laboratories, Inc. Parity checking apparatus with bus for connecting parity devices and non-parity devices
AT391959B (de) 1988-06-03 1990-12-27 Dau Ges M B H & Co Kg Koppler zur potentialgetrennten uebertragung eines zweiwertigen signales mittels eines impulstransformators
EP0348758A3 (de) * 1988-06-17 1991-05-02 Ixys Corporation Schaltung zum Abtrennen der Komponenten einer Speisungssteuerung und zum Senden der Speisung und Daten über das Isolationsglied
US5041780A (en) 1988-09-13 1991-08-20 California Institute Of Technology Integrable current sensors
CA1331214C (en) 1989-01-05 1994-08-02 Kun-Ming Lee Interfacing control circuit with active circuit charge or discharge
US4937468A (en) 1989-01-09 1990-06-26 Sundstrand Corporation Isolation circuit for pulse waveforms
JPH0377360A (ja) 1989-08-18 1991-04-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 半導体装置
US5057968A (en) 1989-10-16 1991-10-15 Lockheed Corporation Cooling system for electronic modules
US5055722A (en) * 1989-12-20 1991-10-08 Sundstrand Corporation Gate drive for insulated gate device
US5396394A (en) 1990-02-06 1995-03-07 International Business Machines Corp. ISDN device line protection circuit
DD292573A5 (de) 1990-03-07 1991-08-01 �������@ ����@���� k�� Schaltungsanordnung zur potentialgetrennten uebertragung von impulsen beliebiger laenge und frequenz fuer das ansteuern von transistorschaltern
FR2662320B1 (fr) 1990-05-18 1994-05-13 Cemagref Dispositif de liaison sans contact pour relier des troncons de bus serie.
KR960006848B1 (ko) * 1990-05-31 1996-05-23 가부시끼가이샤 도시바 평면형 자기소자
JPH04172711A (ja) 1990-11-06 1992-06-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 半導体遅延回路
US5128729A (en) 1990-11-13 1992-07-07 Motorola, Inc. Complex opto-isolator with improved stand-off voltage stability
GB2252208B (en) 1991-01-24 1995-05-03 Burr Brown Corp Hybrid integrated circuit planar transformer
US5102040A (en) 1991-03-28 1992-04-07 At&T Bell Laboratories Method and apparatus for fan control to achieve enhanced cooling
US5204551A (en) 1991-07-01 1993-04-20 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for high power pulse modulation
FR2679670B1 (fr) 1991-07-23 1993-10-29 Dan Serbanescu Systeme de communication bilaterale sans contacts pour les cartes de credit a microprocesseur.
US5418353A (en) * 1991-07-23 1995-05-23 Hitachi Maxell, Ltd. Non-contact, electromagnetically coupled transmission and receiving system for IC cards
US5142432A (en) 1991-10-21 1992-08-25 General Motors Corporation Fault detection apparatus for a transformer isolated transistor drive circuit for a power device
JP3141562B2 (ja) 1992-05-27 2001-03-05 富士電機株式会社 薄膜トランス装置
US5369666A (en) 1992-06-09 1994-11-29 Rockwell International Corporation Modem with digital isolation
US5270882A (en) 1992-07-15 1993-12-14 International Business Machines Corporation Low-voltage, low-power amplifier for magnetoresistive sensor
US5473666A (en) * 1992-09-11 1995-12-05 Reliance Comm/Tec Corporation Method and apparatus for digitally controlling gain in a talking path
US5588021A (en) 1992-09-25 1996-12-24 Light & Sound Design Limited Repeater for use in a control network
US5444600A (en) 1992-12-03 1995-08-22 Linear Technology Corporation Lead frame capacitor and capacitively-coupled isolator circuit using the same
US5334882A (en) 1992-12-14 1994-08-02 National Semiconductor Driver for backplane transceiver logic bus
US5384808A (en) 1992-12-31 1995-01-24 Apple Computer, Inc. Method and apparatus for transmitting NRZ data signals across an isolation barrier disposed in an interface between adjacent devices on a bus
WO1994017558A1 (en) 1993-01-29 1994-08-04 The Regents Of The University Of California Monolithic passive component
US5469098A (en) 1993-03-29 1995-11-21 Exide Electronics Corporation Isolated gate drive
US5615229A (en) 1993-07-02 1997-03-25 Phonic Ear, Incorporated Short range inductively coupled communication system employing time variant modulation
US5568516A (en) 1993-07-02 1996-10-22 Phonic Ear Incorporated Very low power cordless headset system
US5533054A (en) 1993-07-09 1996-07-02 Technitrol, Inc. Multi-level data transmitter
US5499176A (en) 1993-08-12 1996-03-12 Toko America, Inc. Pulse transformer circuit for isolating electrical signals
EP0644679A3 (de) * 1993-09-03 1997-12-03 Fujitsu Limited Fernüberwachungssystem für Netzwerkelemente
RU2137161C1 (ru) * 1993-12-10 1999-09-10 Сименс Акциенгезелльшафт Эстеррайх Носитель данных для идентификации объектов и способ управления им
JPH09508466A (ja) 1994-01-31 1997-08-26 フラウンホーファー−ゲゼルシャフト・ツール・フェルデルング・デア・アンゲヴァンテン・フォルシュング・エー・ファウ 強磁性材料を検出する平坦化技術で作製された超小型コイル装置
US5467607A (en) 1994-02-22 1995-11-21 At&T Corp. Air conditioning control system
JP3213156B2 (ja) 1994-03-15 2001-10-02 富士通株式会社 電子機器
EP0774187A1 (de) 1994-08-03 1997-05-21 Madge Networks Limited Trennungsgerät für elektromagnetische störungen
US5701037A (en) 1994-11-15 1997-12-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Arrangement for inductive signal transmission between the chip layers of a vertically integrated circuit
US5539598A (en) 1994-12-08 1996-07-23 International Business Machines Corporation Electrostatic protection for a shielded MR sensor
JP3487461B2 (ja) 1994-12-17 2004-01-19 ソニー株式会社 変成器及び増幅器
US5602859A (en) * 1994-12-19 1997-02-11 Nec Corporation Start-stop synchronous communicating method capable of correcting improper synchronization and system using the same
US5596466A (en) 1995-01-13 1997-01-21 Ixys Corporation Intelligent, isolated half-bridge power module
US5716323A (en) 1995-04-05 1998-02-10 Karl Storz Imaging Electrical isolation of endoscopic video camera
JP3110653B2 (ja) * 1995-06-15 2000-11-20 シャープ株式会社 信号伝達装置
US5786979A (en) 1995-12-18 1998-07-28 Douglass; Barry G. High density inter-chip connections by electromagnetic coupling
US5990753A (en) 1996-01-29 1999-11-23 Stmicroelectronics, Inc. Precision oscillator circuit having a controllable duty cycle and related methods
CN1183587C (zh) 1996-04-08 2005-01-05 德克萨斯仪器股份有限公司 用于把两个集成电路直流上相互隔离的方法和设备
US5801602A (en) 1996-04-30 1998-09-01 3Com Corporation Isolation and signal filter transformer
US5877667A (en) 1996-08-01 1999-03-02 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. On-chip transformers
US5831426A (en) 1996-08-16 1998-11-03 Nonvolatile Electronics, Incorporated Magnetic current sensor
US5731954A (en) 1996-08-22 1998-03-24 Cheon; Kioan Cooling system for computer
US5793272A (en) 1996-08-23 1998-08-11 International Business Machines Corporation Integrated circuit toroidal inductor
US5714938A (en) 1996-11-19 1998-02-03 Cae Electronics Ltd. Temperature protection device for air cooled electronics housing
DE19653522A1 (de) * 1996-12-20 1998-06-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zum drahtlosen Übertragen von Energie und Daten
US5781077A (en) 1997-01-28 1998-07-14 Burr-Brown Corporation Reducing transformer interwinding capacitance
US6385235B1 (en) 1997-04-22 2002-05-07 Silicon Laboratories, Inc. Direct digital access arrangement circuitry and method for connecting to phone lines
DE19718420A1 (de) 1997-04-30 1998-11-12 Siemens Ag Integrierte Datenübertragungsschaltung mit Potentialtrennung zwischen Ein- und Ausgangsschaltkreis
US5969590A (en) 1997-08-05 1999-10-19 Applied Micro Circuits Corporation Integrated circuit transformer with inductor-substrate isolation
US5831525A (en) 1997-09-18 1998-11-03 Harvey; James C. Filtered air, temperature controlled removable computer cartridge devices
US6188494B1 (en) 1997-10-17 2001-02-13 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Fiber-optic transceiver for long distance data communications
US6054780A (en) 1997-10-23 2000-04-25 Analog Devices, Inc. Magnetically coupled signal isolator using a Faraday shielded MR or GMR receiving element
US6873065B2 (en) 1997-10-23 2005-03-29 Analog Devices, Inc. Non-optical signal isolator
US20030042571A1 (en) 1997-10-23 2003-03-06 Baoxing Chen Chip-scale coils and isolators based thereon
US5942937A (en) 1997-11-19 1999-08-24 Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Signal detection circuit using a plurality of delay stages with edge detection logic
US5900683A (en) 1997-12-23 1999-05-04 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Isolated gate driver for power switching device and method for carrying out same
ATE443960T1 (de) 1998-07-17 2009-10-15 Endress & Hauser Wetzer Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung zum galvanisch getrennten übertragen von digitalsignalen
US6853685B1 (en) 1998-07-17 2005-02-08 Stephan Konrad Circuit arrangement for the electrically isolated transfer of digital signals
US6069802A (en) 1998-07-31 2000-05-30 Priegnitz; Robert A. Transformer isolated driver and isolated forward converter
US6127663A (en) 1998-10-09 2000-10-03 Ericsson Inc. Electronics cabinet cooling system
US6087882A (en) 1998-12-04 2000-07-11 Analog Devices, Inc. Ultra-low power magnetically coupled digital isolator using spin valve resistors
DE19922129C1 (de) 1999-05-12 2000-09-28 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur logischen Verknüpfung von Signalen auf magnetischer Basis
DE19922128C1 (de) 1999-05-12 2001-01-25 Siemens Ag Integrierter Schaltkreis zur Erzeugung eines Ansteuersignals für einen Isolated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)
DE19922123A1 (de) 1999-05-12 2000-11-23 Siemens Ag Kompakte Busschnittstelle mit integrierter Potentialtrennung
DE19922127C2 (de) 1999-05-12 2002-05-29 Siemens Ag Integrierter Schaltkreis mit einem A/D- oder D/A-Wandler mit galvanischer Trennung
US6097273A (en) 1999-08-04 2000-08-01 Lucent Technologies Inc. Thin-film monolithic coupled spiral balun transformer
US6728320B1 (en) 1999-09-23 2004-04-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Capacitive data and clock transmission between isolated ICs
US6262616B1 (en) 1999-10-08 2001-07-17 Cirrus Logic, Inc. Open loop supply independent digital/logic delay circuit
US6501363B1 (en) 1999-11-03 2002-12-31 Innosys, Inc. Vertical transformer
GB2358303B (en) 2000-01-14 2004-06-02 Motorola Ltd Interface circuit and method for digital signals
DE10014269A1 (de) 2000-03-22 2001-10-04 Semikron Elektronik Gmbh Halbleiterbauelement zur Ansteuerung von Leistungshalbleiterschaltern
DE10046806A1 (de) 2000-09-21 2002-05-23 Infineon Technologies Ag Tri-State-Treiberanordnung
US6985510B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2006-01-10 Qualcomm, Incorporated Method and system for data and voice transmission over shared and dedicated channels
DE10100282B4 (de) * 2001-01-04 2005-10-13 Infineon Technologies Ag Elektrischer Transformator
US6459352B1 (en) * 2001-02-08 2002-10-01 Skyworks Solutions, Inc. On-chip transformers
WO2002073914A1 (en) 2001-03-13 2002-09-19 The National University Of Singapore Method and apparatus to recover data from pulses
US8095007B2 (en) * 2001-05-16 2012-01-10 Tellabs Operations, Inc. Optical add/drop multiplexer using integrated optical components
US6686768B2 (en) 2001-07-05 2004-02-03 Alan Elbert Comer Electrically-programmable interconnect architecture for easily-configurable stacked circuit arrangements
US6911860B1 (en) 2001-11-09 2005-06-28 Altera Corporation On/off reference voltage switch for multiple I/O standards
DE10205705C1 (de) 2002-02-12 2003-05-08 Infineon Technologies Ag Integrierbare Schaltungsanordnung zur potenzialfreien Signalübertragung
US7042325B2 (en) * 2002-05-31 2006-05-09 International Rectifier Corporation Planar transformer arrangement
DE10228543A1 (de) 2002-06-26 2005-11-03 Infineon Technologies Ag Verfahren und Sendevorrichtung zum Übertragen eines zweiwertigen Signals
DE10232642B4 (de) 2002-07-18 2006-11-23 Infineon Technologies Ag Integrierte Transformatoranordnung
DE10262239B4 (de) 2002-09-18 2011-04-28 Infineon Technologies Ag Digitales Signalübertragungsverfahren
US7847156B2 (en) 2003-10-20 2010-12-07 Cropdesign N.V. Plants having improved growth characteristics and methods for making the same
US7075329B2 (en) 2003-04-30 2006-07-11 Analog Devices, Inc. Signal isolators using micro-transformers
US7064442B1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2006-06-20 Analog Devices, Inc. Integrated circuit package device
DE10335082B4 (de) 2003-07-31 2014-12-11 Infineon Technologies Ag Datenübertragungssystem und Verfahren zur Datenübertragung
US7376212B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2008-05-20 Silicon Laboratories Inc. RF isolator with differential input/output
US7421028B2 (en) * 2004-06-03 2008-09-02 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Transformer isolator for digital power supply
US7302247B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2007-11-27 Silicon Laboratories Inc. Spread spectrum isolator
DE102004036139B4 (de) 2004-07-26 2008-09-04 Infineon Technologies Ag Bauelementanordnung mit einem planaren Transformator
US7489526B2 (en) 2004-08-20 2009-02-10 Analog Devices, Inc. Power and information signal transfer using micro-transformers
DE102005047055A1 (de) 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Ansteuerschaltung mit einem Transformator für ein Halbleiterschaltelement

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3573740A (en) * 1968-07-03 1971-04-06 Ncr Co Communication multiplexer for online data transmission
US3763472A (en) * 1972-03-27 1973-10-02 Burroughs Corp Distributing and collecting memory array and transfer system
US4027152A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-05-31 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus and method for transmitting binary-coded information
US4748419A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-05-31 Burr-Brown Corporation Isolation amplifier with precise timing of signals coupled across isolation barrier
US4772963A (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-09-20 Datatape Incorporated Duplicate digital date recording apparatus for enhancing bit error rate performance of a data storage medium
US5952849A (en) * 1997-02-21 1999-09-14 Analog Devices, Inc. Logic isolator with high transient immunity
US6154498A (en) * 1997-09-26 2000-11-28 Intel Corporation Computer system with a semi-differential bus signaling scheme
US6262600B1 (en) * 2000-02-14 2001-07-17 Analog Devices, Inc. Isolator for transmitting logic signals across an isolation barrier
US20030189984A1 (en) * 2000-07-25 2003-10-09 Toyohiko Komatsu Data transmission device, data transfer system and method
US20060221088A1 (en) * 2005-03-18 2006-10-05 Nec Corporation Memory interface control circuit

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090196358A1 (en) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-06 Jose Martinez Method and Apparatus for Signal Transmission
US9313052B2 (en) * 2008-01-31 2016-04-12 Infineon Technologies Austria Ag Method and apparatus for signal transmission
US20150351202A1 (en) * 2014-05-29 2015-12-03 Technical Consumer Products, Inc. Master-slave control arrangement for a lighting fixture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10243197B4 (de) 2011-05-05
US20120183024A1 (en) 2012-07-19
US20100014568A1 (en) 2010-01-21
US20070258513A1 (en) 2007-11-08
DE10262239B4 (de) 2011-04-28
US8189693B2 (en) 2012-05-29
DE10243197A1 (de) 2004-04-15
US10419251B2 (en) 2019-09-17

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8189693B2 (en) Digital signal transfer method and apparatus
US8139653B2 (en) Multi-channel galvanic isolator utilizing a single transmission channel
EP0090019B1 (de) Fehlererkennungsschaltung für mehrquellen-taktkodierte übertragung
US4255742A (en) Data communication code
JPH07264250A (ja) シリアルデータ伝送装置
US8948209B2 (en) Transmission over an 12C bus
KR100297657B1 (ko) 2선식다중스테이션버스시스템및이에사용된마스터및슬레이브스테이션
US10978135B2 (en) Architecture for resolution of data and refresh-path conflict for low-power digital isolator
US7180886B2 (en) Synchronized data communication on a one-wired bus
EP0880248A1 (de) Schaltungsanordnung zur Detektion vom Synchronisationssignal in Datenübertragung mit Rahmensynchronisation
CN206850783U (zh) 一种用于塔康系统传输数据信息的编译码装置
EP1469395A1 (de) Speicherschnittstellesystem
US4809301A (en) Detection apparatus for bi-phase signals
JPH04354219A (ja) データ伝送方式
SU1695353A1 (ru) Устройство дл приема избыточных сигналов
US20040005008A1 (en) Method and apparatus for transmitting a digital data word
JPH0314259B2 (de)
RU2282305C2 (ru) Преобразователь кода
EP0628915B1 (de) Ein gemischtes analoges/digitales Bussystem mit zwei Leitungen und eine Master-Station und Slave-Station für den Einsatz in einem solchen System
KR100207482B1 (ko) 스마트카드의 패리티검출장치
SK275392A3 (en) Enabling code for radiotransmission of data
KR100489518B1 (ko) 무선통신의 오류방지장치
JPH05130046A (ja) 光バス伝送方式及びそれを実施する送信側エンコーダと受信側デコーダ
JPS60194649A (ja) 制御信号伝送装置
JPS5885657A (ja) デ−タ伝送方式

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STCB Information on status: application discontinuation

Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION

AS Assignment

Owner name: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:STRZALKOWSKI, BERNHARD;REEL/FRAME:023784/0846

Effective date: 20030915