TWI635041B - 微流道晶片及其製作方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本發明提供一種微流道晶片,包含一本體、至少一自該本體的表面向下形成的微流道、多個成一間隙地間隔設置於該微流道的支柱,及一奈米纖維網,其中,該奈米纖維網由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而具有多孔結構,具有對應位於該等支柱間隙的第一網部,及對應位於該等支柱頂面的第二網部。此外,本發明還提供一種該微流道晶片的製作方法。
Description
本發明是有關於一種微流道晶片及其製作方法,特別是指一種含有支柱及多孔性奈米纖維網的微流道晶片及其製作方法。
微流道晶片(microfluidic chip)由於可整合應於生醫、藥物、化學等分離檢測系統,因此,近年來成為重點發展的技術之一。
一般而言,微流道晶片適用於所有的微流體系統,例如,以應用於血液檢體分離/分析為例,可利用微流道晶片進行血液中不同細胞的捕捉、分離後而進行檢測。目前常見用於分離微流體中之粒子的微流道晶片結構有利用在微流道晶片的一流道內設置多個可用以擾流的支柱,藉由該等支柱對微流體造成的不同流速影響,而將微流體的粒子捕捉於該流道內;或是,直接將一濾網結構整合於該流道中,利用過濾方式將流經該流道之濾網的微流體粒子進行分離。
然而,利用支柱形成之擾流結構因為可捕捉粒子的區域有限,所以,分離的效率並不佳;而利用濾網以過濾方式分離離子的方式,則無法辨識不同的粒子。
因此,本發明之目的,即在提供一種於流道內含有支柱及奈米纖維網,而可用於分離一液態檢體中之不同微粒的微流道晶片。
於是,本發明的微流道晶片,包含一本體、至少一微流道、多個支柱,及一奈米纖維網。
該本體具有一表面。
該至少一微流道自該本體的表面向下形成。
該等支柱彼此成一間隙地間隔設置於該微流道,且高度不大於該微流道的深度。
該奈米纖維網由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而具有多孔結構,具有對應位於該等支柱間隙的第一網部,及對應位於該等支柱頂面的第二網部。
此外,本發明的另一目的,在於提供一種微流道晶片的製作方法。
於是,本發明該微流道晶片的製作方法,包含一燒蝕
步驟及一奈米纖維網形成步驟。
該燒蝕步驟是利用超快雷射脈衝對一基材進行燒蝕,自該基材表面向下形成至少一流道,及多個位於該流道內彼此間隔的支柱。
該奈米纖維網形成步驟是將一高分子溶液利用電紡絲製程於該至少一微流道形成一由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而具有多孔結構的奈米纖維網,且該奈米纖維網位於該等支柱之間的間隙並蓋覆該等支柱的頂面。
本發明之功效在於:利用位於微流道的奈米纖維網造成液態檢體內不同粒子的流速差異,而可用以分離不同粒子。
2‧‧‧本體
21‧‧‧表面
3‧‧‧微流道
4‧‧‧支柱
5‧‧‧奈米纖維網
51‧‧‧第一網部
52‧‧‧第二網部
本發明之其他的特徵及功效,將於參照圖式的實施方式中清楚地呈現,其中:圖1是說明本發明微流道晶片之實施例的俯視示意圖;圖2是圖1中a-a割線的局部剖視示意;圖3是說明經由該雷射燒蝕步驟製得之該半成品的SEM照片;圖4是說明該半成品經過該奈米纖維網形成步驟之雷射掃描共軛焦顯微鏡照片;及圖5是說明不同濃度之高分子溶液經電紡絲後形成之該奈米
纖維網的孔洞面積的曲線分佈圖。
在本發明被詳細描述前,應當注意在以下的說明內容中,類似的元件是以相同的編號來表示。
本發明的微流道晶片是可用於捕捉並分離於一液態檢體內的微粒。該液態檢體可是來自不同藥品或是人體或動物的體液,例如血液、淋巴液、唾液、尿液等,但不在此限制。以該液態檢體為血液為例,該微流道晶片可用於捕捉並分離血液中不同的細胞例如:核紅血球細胞(fetal nucleated red blood cells,fNRBC)、循環腫瘤細胞(circulating tumor cells,CTC)、病毒或細菌等,並無特別限制。
參閱圖1、2,其中,圖2是圖1中a-a割線的局部剖視示意圖。本發明微流道晶片的一實施例包含一本體2、一微流道3、多個支柱4,及一奈米纖維網5。
該本體2具有一表面21,且該本體2可以是由高分子材料,例如聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、聚甲基矽氧烷(PDMS),或聚碳酸酯(PC)等,或是玻璃等材料構成。
該微流道3自該表面21向下形成。要說明的是,該微流道3可以是單條也可以是多條,且當該微流道3為多條時,該等微流
道3之間可以彼此獨立,也可以彼此相連通,於圖1中是以一條微流道3為例說明。
該等支柱4是由與該本體2相同的材料構成,彼此成一間隙地間隔設置於該微流道3,且該等支柱4的頂面與該本體2的表面21齊高或略低於該表面21。且該等支柱4的形狀可為方柱體、截頭錐體(截頭圓錐體或截頭角錐體)、圓柱體,或前述之其中一組合,且該等支柱4是沿該微流道3的一長度方向X交錯排列延伸。
該奈米纖維網5係由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而形成的一具有多孔的連續網狀結構,且該奈米纖維網5可選自親水性或疏水性高分子材料。其中,該奈米纖維網5具有對應位於該等支柱4之間的間隙的第一網部51,及對應位於該等支柱5頂面的第二網部52,且該第一網部51的表面會低於該第二網部52的表面。
於一些實施例中,該等奈米纖維選自聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚氧乙烯(PEO)、聚己內酯(Poly(ε-caprolactone))、聚丙烯腈(PAN)、聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA),或聚苯乙烯(PS)等,與該液態檢體的極性相近之高分子材料。
於一些實施例中,該微流道的寬度介於3~10mm,該等支柱4的頂面的最大長度介於300~1000μm,且該等支柱4的高度介於300~1000μm。
於一些實施例中,該等支柱4的高度大於該等支柱4的
頂面的最大長度。
於一些實施例中,任一支柱4與其相鄰列的支柱4的最大距離不大於2000μm。
本發明的微流道晶片藉由該奈米纖維網5的多孔性及藉由該等支柱4的支撐而形成連續的非平坦表面特性,因此,當利用該微流道晶片分離液態檢體時,是將該液態檢體自該微流道3的其中一端注入,令該液態檢體沿該微流道3的長度方向流動。而進入該微流道3的液態檢體得以經由該奈米纖維網5的非平坦表面所造成的擾動而具有不同流速,並同時藉由該奈米纖維網5的多孔性,增加與該液態檢體中不同粒子的接觸面積,讓不同粒徑的粒子可在流動過程中被不同大小的孔洞阻擋捕捉,而得以讓該液態檢體裡不同種類(如不同粒徑、不同質量)的粒子可被捕捉在該奈米纖維網5的不同區域,而增加對該液態檢體中之粒子的分離效果。
要說明的是,該奈米纖維網5的孔洞可視該液態檢體中須分離的粒子尺寸而加以調整,較佳是控制令該奈米纖維網5的孔洞大於待分離粒子,而可讓待分離粒子於流動過程穿過該等孔洞,而增加分離效果。以該液態檢體為血液,待分離的粒子為紅血球細胞為例,該奈米纖維網5的孔洞面積(pore area)可介於8~50um2,藉以分離該液態檢體中的紅血球細胞。
此外,要再說明的是,本發明是利用該奈米纖維網5的
奈米纖維及孔洞與該液態檢體的粒子相互作用而對該等粒子產生分離的效果,因此,可藉由增加該等支柱4之間的間隙率,提升該第二網部52的比例,增加該奈米纖維網5與液態檢體的接觸面積而提升捕捉分離效果。定義任一支柱4的側邊與底邊的夾角為θ,且θ≦90°。此外,當該等支柱4的底部的間距固定時,也可藉由夾角θ調整相鄰支柱4的頂面距離(間隙),當θ<90°時,相鄰支柱4的頂面之間的距離(間隙)較大,該第二網部52相對該奈米纖維網5的比例就較高,較佳地,30°≦θ<90°。
接著,以下面製作方法說明本發明該微流道晶片的該實施例的製備。
本發明該微流道晶片的製作是先進行一雷射燒蝕步驟。
該雷射燒蝕步驟是先準備一基材,然後利用一超快雷射脈衝(Ultrafast laser pulse)自該基材表面向下燒蝕,移除部分基材,而形成具有預定寬度及長度的該微流道3,以及間隔分佈於該微流道3中的多數支柱4,得到一半成品。
具體的說,本實施例以該基材為玻璃為例,該超快雷射脈衝(Ultrafast laser pulse)的波長為355nm、脈衝重複頻率(high-pulse repetition rate):200kHz、脈衝寬度(pulse duration):15ps。利用該超快雷射脈衝自該玻璃基材表面向下燒
蝕,即可得到該微流道3及分佈於該微流道3該等支柱4。而利用控制該超快雷射脈衝的燒蝕速度即可控制該微流道3的深度、寬度,及該等支柱4的尺寸。參閱圖3,圖3為該玻璃基材,經過該燒蝕步驟後得到之該半成品的SEM照片。由於超快雷射的雷射脈衝寬度在飛秒(femtosecond,10-15秒)等級,因此,可在加工區域產生超強功率密度並具極低的熱影響區,因此可實現超微加工能力,由圖3可知利用超快雷射脈衝進行燒蝕後形成的該微流道及3及該等支柱4其邊緣完整未產生熱損傷的熔融結構,而可精確的控制該微流道3及該等支柱4的尺寸及精確度。
接著,進行一奈米纖維網形成步驟,將一高分子溶液利用靜電紡絲(electrospinning)製程而於該至少一微流道3形成該奈米纖維網5。
詳細的說,該高分子溶液可以是由聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯、聚己內酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸甲酯,或聚苯乙烯等高分子配製而得。於本實施例中,該高分子溶液是選自重量平均分子量為84000~89000的聚乙烯醇溶於水後調配而得。
該靜電紡絲製程是將具預定濃度的該高分子溶液,經過一預定電壓後由噴嘴(nozzle)噴出,而於該微流道3形成多述由該高分子材料構成之奈米纖維交織堆疊而成的該奈米纖維網5,且該奈米纖維網5會覆蓋該等支柱4及該等支柱4之間的間隙。由於該
靜電紡絲的相關操作參數(如高分子溶液濃度、流量、電壓、距離等)係依據該高分子種類及該高分子溶液濃度的不同而需加以調整,且為本技術領域者所週知,故不再多加贅述。於本實施例中,是將形成有該微流道3的基材置於一鋁收集板,令該噴嘴到鋁收集板(collector)的距離為16cm,並控制該高分子溶液的流速2.5μL/hr、正電壓為18KV的條件下進行電紡絲。參閱圖4,圖4為將該半成品進一步經過電紡絲後,於該微流道3形成該奈米纖維網5後之雷射掃描共軛焦顯微鏡(Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy,LSCM)照片。由圖4可清楚看出該奈米纖維網5可蓋覆該等支柱4而形成一連續網狀結構。
參閱圖5,圖5是不同濃度的高分子溶液,利用相同的電紡絲條件製得之該奈米纖維網5的最大孔洞面積量測結果。由圖5可知,當高分子溶液過於稀薄(PVA濃度小於9wt%)時,奈米纖維的生成量較少,形成之奈米纖維網5的孔洞較大;此外,高分子溶液在較低濃度(PVA濃度介於9wt%~11wt%)時,該等奈米纖維的堆積交疊程度較為緻密,因此,形成之該奈米纖維網5的孔洞面積較小;隨著高分子溶液的濃度提升(PVA濃度介於11wt%~15wt%)黏度增加,形成之該奈米纖維網5的孔洞面積則可又控制在較大尺寸。此顯示,在相同的電紡絲條件下,藉由改變該高分子溶液的濃度可進一步調整形成之該奈米纖維網5的該等孔洞面積(pore
area)。
綜上所述,本發明利用於該微流道3中設置該等支柱4及該奈米纖維網5,藉由該奈米纖維網5的多孔性及於該微流道3形成的非平坦連續表面特性,因此,當液態檢體經由該奈米纖維網5沿該微流道3的長度方向流動時,除了可藉由該非平坦表面造成的擾動具有不同流速之外,還可同時藉由該奈米纖維網5的多孔性,增加與該液態檢體中不同粒子的接觸面積,而得以將該液態檢體裡不同種類(如不同粒徑、不同質量)的粒子捕捉在該奈米纖維網5的不同區域,而增加對該液態檢體中之粒子的分離效果,故確實可達成本發明之目的。
惟以上所述者,僅為本發明之實施例而已,當不能以此限定本發明實施之範圍,凡是依本發明申請專利範圍及專利說明書內容所作之簡單的等效變化與修飾,皆仍屬本發明專利涵蓋之範圍內。
Claims (9)
- 一種微流道晶片,包含:一本體,具有一表面;至少一微流道,自該本體的表面向下形成;多個支柱,彼此成一間隙地間隔設置於該微流道,且高度不大於該微流道的深度;及一奈米纖維網,由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而具有多孔結構,具有對應位於該等支柱之間的間隙的第一網部及對應位於該等支柱頂面的第二網部,且該第一網部的表面會低於該第二網部的表面。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,該奈米纖維網經由該等支柱的支撐而形成一連續網狀結構,且該奈米纖維網的平均孔洞面積介於8~25um2。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,該等支柱選自方形支柱、截頭錐體,或圓支柱。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,任一支柱與其相鄰的支柱的最大距離不大於2000μm。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,該本體的構成材料選自玻璃或高分子。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,該等奈米纖維的材料選自聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯、聚己內酯、聚丙烯腈、聚丙烯酸甲酯,或聚苯乙烯。
- 如請求項1所述的微流道晶片,其中,定義任一支柱的鄰邊與底邊的夾角為θ,且30≦θ≦90°。
- 一種微流道晶片的製作方法,包含:一燒蝕步驟,利用超快雷射脈衝對一基材進行燒蝕,自該基材表面向下形成至少一流道,及多個位於該流道內,彼此間隔的支柱;及一奈米纖維網形成步驟,將一高分子溶液利用電紡絲製程於該至少一微流道形成一由多數奈米纖維交織堆疊而具有多孔結構的奈米纖維網,且該奈米纖維網位於該等支柱之間的間隙並蓋覆該等支柱的頂面。
- 如請求項8所述微流道晶片的製作方法,其中,該奈米纖維網形成步驟的該高分子溶液是重量百分比濃度介於9~15wt%的聚乙烯醇溶液。
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