TWI588475B - 使用模板影像匹配在一晶圓上偵測缺陷 - Google Patents
使用模板影像匹配在一晶圓上偵測缺陷 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本發明大體上係關於使用模板影像匹配在一晶圓上偵測缺陷。
下文闡述及實例不會憑藉其等包含於此章節中而被認定為先前技術。
在一半導體製造程序期間之各個步驟時使用檢驗程序來在晶圓上偵測缺陷以促進製造程序中之更高良率且因此更高利潤。檢驗一直係製作半導體裝置之一重要部分。然而,隨著半導體裝置之尺寸減小,檢驗對可接受之半導體裝置之成功製造變得更重要,此係因為較小缺陷可導致裝置不合格。
檢驗通常涉及將某些缺陷偵測參數應用於藉由掃描及/或成像一晶圓而產生之輸出。該等缺陷偵測參數可包含被應用於該輸出或該輸出與某一參考輸出之間之一差之一臨限值。可取決於輸出之變化特性(諸如亮度及/或由一裝置之不同區域之粗糙度引起之雜訊),但通常不取決於檢驗區內之區域之位置而設定不同偵測臨限值。根據在輸出中解析之裝置背景,不存在分開處理輸出中之不同區域之簡單方法。
在檢驗程序期間經常產生超出簡單缺陷偵測外之資訊。例如,經常將所偵測之缺陷分類成不同群組。在一項此實例中,在發現缺陷後,可基於缺陷特性(諸如大小、量值及位置)而將其等分類成不同群
組。亦可基於包含於一拼貼影像(完整影像之一相對小子區段)內之資訊而將缺陷分類。有時,不可單獨地自一拼貼影像而判定在其中發現一缺陷之背景,需要圍繞該缺陷之影像之一更大區段。
相應地,開發不具有上文所闡述之一或多個缺點之用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之方法及系統係有利的。
各個實施例之下文闡述不應被解譯為以任何方式來限制隨附申請專利範圍之標的。
一項實施例係關於一種用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之電腦實施之方法。該方法包含使用關於形成於該晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像。該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之裝置中之區域。該方法亦包含獲取用於該晶圓之一電子束檢驗系統之輸出且基於該模板影像及該輸出中之型樣而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出。另外,該方法包含基於相關聯於匹配該輸出中之像素之模板影像之像素之區域而識別該輸出中之像素位於其內之區域。該方法進一步包含基於像素位於其內之區域而將缺陷偵測參數應用於該輸出中之該等像素以藉此在晶圓上偵測缺陷。由一電腦系統來執行上文所闡述之步驟。
可如本文所闡述來進一步執行上文所闡述之方法之步驟之各者。另外,上文所闡述之方法可包含本文所闡述之任何其他(若干)方法之任何其他(若干)步驟。此外,可由本文所闡述之系統之任何者來執行上文所闡述之方法。
另一實施例係關於一種含有儲存於其中之程式指令用於致使一電腦系統執行用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一電腦實施之方法之非暫時性電腦可讀媒體。該電腦實施之方法包含上文所闡述之方法之步驟。可如本文所闡述來進一步組態該電腦可讀媒體。可如本文中所進一步
闡述來執行該方法之該等步驟。另外,該方法可包含本文中所闡述之任何其他(若干)方法之任何(若干)其他步驟。
另一實施例係關於一種經組態以在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之系統。該系統包含經組態以獲取用於一晶圓之輸出之一電子束檢驗子系統。該系統亦包含經組態以使用關於形成於該晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像之一電腦子系統。該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之裝置中之區域。該電腦子系統亦經組態以基於該模板影像及該輸出中之型樣而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出且基於相關聯於匹配該輸出中之像素之模板影像之像素之區域而識別該輸出中之像素位於其內之區域。該電腦子系統經進一步組態以基於該等像素位於其內之區域而將缺陷偵測參數應用於該輸出中之像素以藉此在晶圓上偵測缺陷。可根據本文所闡述之任何(若干)實施例來進一步組態該系統。
10‧‧‧第一區域
12‧‧‧第二區域
14‧‧‧第三區域
16‧‧‧第四區域
18‧‧‧第五區域
20‧‧‧模板影像
22‧‧‧位置
24‧‧‧位置
26‧‧‧檢驗影像
28‧‧‧電腦可讀媒體
30‧‧‧程式指令
32‧‧‧電腦系統
34‧‧‧電子束檢驗子系統
36‧‧‧電腦子系統
受益於較佳實施例之以下詳細闡述且參考附圖,熟習此項技術者將明白本發明之進一步優點,其中:圖1係繪示可根據本文所闡述之實施例產生之一模板影像之一項實施例之一平面圖之一示意圖;圖2係繪示將一模板影像匹配至由一電子束檢驗系統產生之輸出之一項實施例之一示意圖;圖3係繪示一非暫時性電腦可讀媒體之一項實施例之一方塊圖;及圖4係繪示經組態以在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一系統之一項實施例之一方塊圖。
雖然本發明存在多種修改及替代形式,但在圖式中以舉例方式展示且在本文中詳細闡述其具體實施例。該等圖式未按比例。然而應
瞭解,該等圖式及其詳細闡述並非意欲將本發明限制於所揭示之特定形式,但相反,本發明將包含落入如隨附申請專利範圍所定義之本發明之精神及範疇內之所有修改、等效物及替代物。
現在轉向圖式,應注意,圖未按比例繪製。特定而言,大幅地放大該等圖中之某些元件之比例以強調該等元件之特性。亦應注意,該等圖未按相同比例繪製。已使用相同元件符號來指示一個以上圖中所展示之可被類似地組態之元件。
一項實施例係關於一種用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之電腦實施之方法。該方法包含使用關於形成於一晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像。該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之裝置中之區域。因此,該方法根據裝置背景來將待檢驗之一半導體裝置分割成不同所關注區(ROI)。接著,可將該裝置背景(或其一區段)再現成適合於檢驗之一模板影像。
裝置中之區域之不同特性可包含該等區域在最終製造之裝置中將具有之不同電特性。例如,如本文中所進一步闡述,一裝置之一陣列區內之不同接觸件在完成之裝置中可具有不同電功能且因此可具有不同電特性。可將具有相同電功能之接觸件之各者分組至一個區域中而不同區域中之接觸件之電功能可係不同。可將其他不同裝置元件類似地分組。例如,各接觸件(不管其區域)可處於不同於使該等接觸件彼此電絕緣之介電材料之一區域中。
在一項實施例中,資訊包含裝置之設計資料。例如,裝置背景可以一裝置佈局設計資料庫(例如,GDSII檔案)之形式獲得且可包含此項技術中已知之任何設計資訊。在另一實施例中,該資訊包含形成於晶圓上之裝置之一高解析度影像。例如,可以待檢驗之裝置之相對高解析度影像之形式來獲得裝置背景資訊。本文中所使用之一「高解
析度影像」大體上係指在其中解析(且較佳相對良好地解析)晶圓上之型樣之任何影像,使得可自具有相對高精確度之影像來判定關於形成於該晶圓上之裝置之型樣之資訊。可使用(例如)一電子束檢驗系統來獲取形成於一晶圓上之一裝置之型樣之高解析度影像。以此方式,可自一相對良好品質影像以實驗方式導出該背景。
在一項實施例中,該方法包含在獲取如本文所進一步闡述之輸出之前判定模板影像中之像素所相關聯於之區域。例如,該方法可在晶圓之檢驗之前將半導體裝置分割成不同ROI。接著,可將模板影像與不同區域之資訊一起儲存至可由檢驗系統(其將執行晶圓之檢驗)存取之某一檔案或資料結構中。另外,該模板影像及相關聯資訊可用於一個以上晶圓之檢驗。
在另一實施例中,該方法包含基於裝置之特性、所關注缺陷(DOI)、已知損害缺陷或其等之某一組合來判定模板影像中之像素相關聯於之區域。例如,可形成分割方案以基於裝置物理性、此刻之DOI及/或主導損害之存在來將裝置背景分割成多個區域。在諸多情況中,一胞或一裝置內之DOI之位置像雜訊及/或損害之位置一樣係已知的。此資訊可用於將該模板影像中之區域分離成對應於DOI之區域及不對應於DOI之區域。可利用基於設計之熱點分析軟體之援助來構想基於裝置背景之分割方案。另外,自一所提取之單元胞背景,使用者可標記出所關注區,且此等所關注區可係在檢驗期間待用於檢驗缺陷之僅有區域。然而,該等區域之判定可係全自動的。
在一項實施例中,該等區域中之至少一者僅對應於裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之一單個接觸件。例如,區域可小如一重複記憶胞結構內之個別接觸件。另外,該等區域中之一或多者可小如一接觸件或小如該裝置中之任何其他特徵或結構,而其他區域可包含一個以上特性、一層等。
在另一實施例中,區域中之至少某些區域對應於裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之不同類型之接觸件。例如,圖1展示可用於一記憶胞結構之一檢驗之一模板影像之一項實施例。如本文所進一步闡述,可自一設計資料庫或自一高解析影像來識別一單元胞之裝置背景。圖1中所展示之分割方案可將該裝置之此部分中之結構分割成背景介電質、不同群組之接觸件及將係不同區域之背景內之特定位置。例如,如圖1中所展示,具有一個類型之一個接觸件群組可被識別為係ROI或DOI區之第一區域10。具有不同於該第一群組之一第二類型之另一接觸件群組可被識別為亦係ROI或DOI區之第二區域12。具有不同於第一及第二群組之一第三類型之另一接觸件群組可被識別為並非ROI之第三區域14。例如,此接觸件群組可為無DOI位於其中或附近之接觸件。第四區域16可被識別為可能含有DOI之某些所關注接觸件附近之位置。介電背景可被識別為並非一所關注區域之第五區域18。接著,可將裝置背景再现成適合於與來自即將到來之檢驗之影像匹配之一模板影像,該即將到來之檢驗可如本文所進一步闡述來執行。
在某些實施例中,該等區域中之至少一者對應於介於裝置之一重複記憶胞結構中之接觸件之間之一個氧化物區,且不針對該氧化物區執行如本文中所進一步闡述之應用缺陷偵測參數。例如,某些區域可被自檢驗排除(諸如接觸件之間之氧化物區)。在圖1中所展示之實例中,包含介於一重複記憶胞結構中之接觸件之間之介電背景之第五區域18可被指示為一非ROI且可不針對位於該區域中之像素執行缺陷偵測。
如本文中所闡述,可基於裝置中之特性之電特性、已知DOI及已知損害來界定該等區域。因此,可將可產生具有類似特性(例如、雜訊、信號、信雜比、亮度、對比度及任何其他影像、信號或資料特性)之檢驗系統中之輸出之區域分成不同區域。換言之,不同於可基
於影像特性來分離像素之其他方法,本文中所闡述之實施例可無需考量區域如何影響檢驗系統輸出而將至少某些檢驗區分成區域。
在另一實施例中,該方法包含使用關於裝置之資訊來產生多個模板影像,且該多個模板影像之各者經產生以用於本文所進一步闡述之電子束檢驗系統之多個像素大小及光學條件中之一者。例如,可將模板影像(即所提取之單元胞背景)再現成檢驗系統之像素大小(即正確像素大小)。另外,可將一相對高解析度模板單元胞再現以用於多個像素大小及/或光學條件中。以此方式,可將該模板影像再現以模擬對應於該模板影像之裝置之部分將如何展現至檢驗系統以藉此提高方法將該模板影像正確地匹配至該檢驗系統之輸出之能力。另外,當存在一個以上模板影像(其等之各者對應於該檢驗系統之不同像素大小及/或其他光學條件)時,可在檢驗初基於在將用於晶圓之檢驗之檢驗處方中之檢驗系統之參數選擇正確模板影像。
該方法亦包含獲取用於晶圓之一電子束檢驗系統之輸出。獲取該輸出可包含實際上執行該晶圓之一檢驗(例如,藉由使用電子束檢驗系統來掃描該晶圓)。然而,獲取該輸出可不包含在該晶圓上執行一檢驗。例如,獲取該輸出可包含自由另一方法或電子束檢驗系統將該輸出儲存於其中之一儲存媒體來獲取該輸出。該檢驗可包含任何適合檢驗,其包含本文中所進一步闡述之彼等檢驗之任何者。該輸出可包含可由一檢驗程序或系統產生之任何或全部輸出。
該方法進一步包含基於模板影像及輸出中之型樣而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出。例如,在該檢驗程序期間,將裝置背景模板影像匹配至所獲取之輸出(例如,一或若干檢驗影像)以在檢驗影像內判定該背景(例如,各單元胞背景)之位置。特定而言,型樣匹配可用於在該裝置之陣列區域或另一區域內定位對應於模板影像之裝置之單元胞或部分。在一項此實施例中(如圖2中所展示),可將模板影像20移動至
檢驗影像26內之各個位置22及24直至發現一匹配。例如,模板影像20在位置22處與檢驗影像重疊且因為未發現該模板影像中之型樣與該檢驗影像之彼部分之一匹配,該模板影像可在其他位置(位置24,其中在型樣之間發現一匹配)處與該檢驗影像重疊。
如圖2中所展示,模板影像可小於檢驗影像使得該檢驗影像含有足夠像素使得可在該模板影像與該檢驗影像之間發現一匹配。另外,如圖2中所展示,該檢驗影像之多個部分可匹配該模板影像。如此,可在該檢驗影像與該模板影像之不同部分之間搜尋且發現多個匹配或可在該檢驗影像與該模板影像之間發現一匹配之一個例項且接著可將該匹配傳播通過檢驗影像,如本文所進一步闡述。
如圖2中所進一步展示,模板影像可包含關於該模板影像內之不同區域(即,各種接觸件指派給其之不同區域)之資訊。然而,可將該模板影像及關於不同區域之資訊儲存於不同資料結構中(例如,若關於不同區域之資訊將使匹配步驟更困難)。
在不能發現一「完美」匹配之情形中,可宣告模板影像與電子束檢驗系統之輸出之間之一匹配。例如,「匹配」可包含搜尋「完美匹配」且亦在一定範圍之不確定或錯誤中匹配。以此方式,可在考量電子束檢驗系統之輸出可由於晶圓本身中之變動(其可由(例如)用於在晶圓上形成型樣之程序之參數中之變動導致)而變化之事實之同時執行該匹配。
在一項實施例中,模板影像對應於裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且將該模板影像匹配至輸出包含基於型樣而將該模板影像匹配至對應於陣列區域中之一個單元胞之輸出中之像素且基於關於該單元胞及該陣列區域之資訊而將該匹配傳播遍及該陣列區域。例如,可利用陣列胞大小及一小搜尋範圍來將單元胞傳播遍及陣列區域。換言之,若該模板影像對應於一個單元胞,則因為陣列區域由多個單元胞
組成,一旦在該模板影像與該輸出之某一部分之間發現一匹配,則該模板影像將被匹配至該輸出中之一個單元胞。接著,可將關於該陣列區域中之該等單元胞之尺寸及配置之資訊用於識別該輸出中之其他單元胞而不執行匹配。以此方式傳播匹配可係有利的,因為其可使檢驗程序整體加速,且在其中晶圓性質跨越同一陣列區域中之單元胞而變化之例項中,以此方式傳播匹配可提高可識別輸出中之單元胞之位置之精確度。
在另一實施例中,模板影像對應於裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且針對該陣列區域中之一關注區內之一整列及行之單元胞執行將該模板影像匹配至輸出。例如,在「智慧」陣列檢驗中,可針對該陣列關注區內之一整列及行之胞執行該模板影像至檢驗像素之型樣匹配。可藉由本文中所闡述之實施例或者另一方法或系統以任何適合方式來判定陣列關注區。
在某些實施例中,模板影像對應於裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且針對該陣列區域內之每個單元胞執行匹配。例如,對於陣列即時對準(RTA),可針對陣列區域內部之每個單元胞執行型樣匹配。另外,可在x及y方向皆執行對準(類似於多重分割對準(MS))。
該方法亦包含基於相關聯於匹配輸出中之像素之模板影像中之像素之區域而識別輸出中之像素位於其內之區域。以此方式,在檢驗期間,根據影像中解析之裝置背景之細節來識別不同區域之位置。接著,可將該影像中之各像素分配至預定區域中之一者。以此方式,執行裝置背景之再現及匹配以用於在檢驗影像內識別背景之位置之目的。另外,可在缺陷偵測之前執行該檢驗影像之基於裝置背景之分割。如此,本文中所闡述之實施例可用於在使用檢驗影像中之像素執行檢驗之前將彼等像素「方格化」。
在一項實施例中,識別區域包含將一區域分割方案重疊至匹配
模板影像之輸出中之像素上。例如,一旦獲得檢驗影像內之背景之位置,則可將區域分割方案重疊於該檢驗影像上以將該檢驗影像中之全部像素分割成不同區域。另外,一旦獲得各單元胞背景之位置,則可以任何其他方式來應用該區域分割方案且可將該檢驗影像中之全部像素分割成適當區域。
該方法亦包含基於像素位於其內之區域而將缺陷偵測參數應用於輸出中之像素以藉此在晶圓上偵測缺陷。以此方式,本文中所闡述之實施例經組態以用於背景敏感電子束晶圓檢驗。例如,可使用適合於各個別區域之不同缺陷偵測方法來分開處理不同區域中之像素。在一項此實例中,可利用不同偵測方法來處理各區域中之像素或完全忽略(若需要)。例如,可存在多個所關注區群組,且各群組可具有其自己之臨限值、缺陷偵測方法或缺陷偵測參數。在另一實例中,在背景區域之檢驗期間,因為一胞內之各特性之精確位置由於本文中所闡述之匹配而係已知的,可將該等區域之各者個別地直方圖化且利用其等之個別臨限值方法及參數來將其個別地檢驗。另外,某些區可被標記為背景且將不被檢驗。
以此方式,背景敏感檢驗(CSI)可利用一裝置內之一陣列區域內或任何其他區域之一單元胞之設計知識來在其中預期出現DOI之敏感位置處執行特定ROI之目標檢驗。另外,本文所闡述之實施例可用於判定一細長影像內之各單元胞之位置及該胞內之ROI之位置使得僅需要檢驗可能關注之胞之部分而忽略非所關注背景區。以此方式,可僅檢驗使用者界定之所關注區內之像素之缺陷。因此,此等區外部之損害不會減小DOI之信雜比且不需要方格化來過濾掉。如此,本文所闡述之實施例為一使用者提供基於裝置背景之設計知識來執行目標檢驗之一合理方式。另外,檢驗影像之分割為使用者提供客制化各區域之檢驗以藉此可能以新的方式來抑制損害缺陷且改良DOI之檢驗敏感度
之靈活性。此外,光學選擇可利用由本文中所闡述之方法引起之減少之損害偵測而僅增加DOI之信雜比,其中無需抑制不相關之損害。在一項此實例中,本文中所闡述之實施例可與光學選擇器(其可如於2011年12月6日頒予Fischer等人之美國專利第8,073,240號(該案以宛如全文闡述引用之方式併入本文中)來組態及/或執行)及甚至影像最佳化一起使用,其中調節檢驗系統之增益以最大化ROI之對比度。
在一項實施例中,缺陷偵測參數包含是否在區域中之一或多者中執行缺陷偵測及用於將在其中執行缺陷偵測之區域之取決於像素位於其中之區域之一臨限值,且將該臨限值應用於輸出中之像素與參考像素之間之一差。例如,在已將區域分割方案應用於檢驗影像中之像素之後,可僅在預定DOI區域(各具有其自己之偵測臨限值)上執行缺陷偵測,同時忽略來自背景介電質及非DOI區域之全部資訊。可個別地設定各區域之偵測臨限值。在一項此實例中,已知一胞之佈局,可給各接觸件指派具有其自己之臨限值之其自己之區域。可利用相對高敏感度來檢驗其中預期一相對小DOI之區域,而可解諧可含有大量洩漏損害缺陷之其他區域。另外,含有明顯雜訊之區域可在其等壓倒一缺陷偵測演算法之前被排除。因此,可明顯降低其他區域中之臨限值,其可使得可偵測DOI或最佳化DOI之偵測。
在一項此實例中,可將利用電子束檢驗系統光學器件而相對良好地解析之一記憶體結構分割成個別接觸件類型(諸如PMOS/NMOS/位元線或字元線接觸件等)。可個別地設定此等接觸件之各者之臨限值。例如,若一接觸件類型易於產生由洩漏引起之灰度變動(其被視為一損害),則其偵測臨限值可被解諧以便損害不會壓倒檢驗結果。此等洩漏證實之接觸件之分割亦防止洩漏信號影響來自其他區域之偵測敏感度,其可顯著改良對用戶所關注之缺陷類型之整體檢驗敏感度。
在另一實施例中,應用缺陷偵測參數包含將對應於裝置之一陣列區域中之多個單元胞之輸出中之多個像素求平均以產生一參考影像、自對應於該多個單元胞中之一者之輸出中之一測試影像減去參考影像以產生一差影像及基於該差影像中之像素位於其內之區域而將缺陷偵測參數應用於該差影像。例如,為胞平均,可將相鄰胞求平均以用於一相對低雜訊參考影像而不會限制對準。來自上方及下方之胞亦可用於求平均中。
在一項實施例中,該方法包含使所偵測之缺陷自動地相關聯於其等位於其中之區域。換言之,可使如本文所闡述之所偵測之缺陷自動地相關聯於其等於其中被偵測之區域。例如,可將本文所闡述之檢驗中所偵測之全部缺陷相關聯於單元胞背景內之一特定區域及相對位置。
接著,上文所闡述之資訊可用於進一步分類缺陷。例如,在另一實施例中,該方法包含基於所偵測之缺陷位於其中之區域來將其分類。以此方式,在一檢驗期間所偵測之任何缺陷可藉由在其中發現該缺陷之區域自動地分類。如此,關於在其中偵測缺陷之區域之資訊可用於進一步分類缺陷。另外,分類所偵測之缺陷可包含使用各缺陷之背景內區域及位置資訊(自基於裝置背景之分割自動地獲得)以用於缺陷分類之目的。以此方式,可根據基於裝置背景之區域及/或位置分類在檢驗期間所偵測之缺陷以藉此更快地給使用者提供關於設計之有用資訊。
在某些實施例中,裝置中之各接觸件類型相關聯於區域中之一不同者,且該方法包含顯示各接觸件類型中所偵測之缺陷之密度。例如,所偵測之缺陷可基於其等位於其內之模板影像中之區域而藉由區域自動地方格化。因此,產生各缺陷類型之晶圓圖將係繁瑣的。另外,可將每個接觸件類型設定為其自己之ROI。在檢驗之後,可以任
何適合方式來顯示各接觸件類型之缺陷密度。在一項此實例中,可顯示PMOS接觸件缺陷、位元線接觸件歪曲缺陷、位元線接觸件斷開缺陷、字元線接觸件斷開缺陷及/或NMOS S/D接觸件斷開缺陷之缺陷密度。
使用一電腦系統(其可如本文所進一步闡述來組態)來執行產生模板影像、獲取輸出、將模板影像匹配至輸出、識別區域及應用缺陷偵測參數。
儘管本文關於一裝置之記憶胞部分來闡述方法之某些步驟,但可針對晶圓之非記憶胞部分執行類似操作(若相關設計資料庫可用)。
本文中所闡述之全部方法可包含將方法實施例之一或多個步驟之結果儲存於一非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體中。該等結果可包含本文中所闡述之結果之任何者且可以此項技術中已知之任何方式儲存。該儲存媒體可包含本文中所闡述之任何儲存媒體或此項技術中已知之任何其他適合儲存媒體。在已儲存結果之後,該等結果可在儲存媒體中被存取且由本文中所闡述之方法或系統實施例之任何者來使用、格式化以用於向一使用者顯示、由另一軟體模組、方法或系統使用等。
上文所闡述之方法之實施例之各者可包含本文中所闡述之任何其他(若干)方法之任何其他(若干)步驟。另外,可由本文中所闡述之系統之任何者來執行上文中所闡述之方法之實施例之各者。
另一實施例係關於含有儲存於其中之程式指令用於致使一電腦系統執行用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一電腦實施之方法之一非暫時性電腦可讀媒體。圖3中展示此一電腦可讀媒體之一項實施例。特定而言,電腦可讀媒體28含有儲存於其中之程式指令30用於致使電腦系統32執行用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一電腦實施之方法。
該電腦實施之方法包含本文中所闡述之方法之步驟。該電腦實施之方法亦可包含本文中所闡述之任何其他(若干)方法之任何其他(若
干)步驟。另外,可如本文中所闡述來進一步組態該電腦可讀媒體。
可將實施例如本文中所闡述方法之方法之程式指令30儲存於電腦可讀媒體28上。該電腦可讀媒體可係一非暫時性電腦可讀儲存媒體(諸如一磁碟或光碟、一磁帶或此項技術中已知之任何其他適合之非暫時性電腦可讀媒體)。
可以各種方式(包含基於程序之技術、基於組件之技術及/或物件導向技術及其他技術)之任何者來實施程式指令。例如,可使用ActiveX控制項、C++目標、JavaBeans、微軟基礎類(「MFC」)或者其他技術或方法(視需要)來實施程式指令。
電腦系統32可採取各種形式,其包含一個人電腦系統、大型電腦系統、工作站、影像電腦、並行處理器或此項技術中已知之任何其他裝置。一般而言,術語「電腦系統」可被廣泛地定義為涵蓋具有執行來自一記憶媒體之指令之一或多個處理器之任何裝置。
圖4繪示經組態以在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一系統之一項實施例。該系統包含經組態以獲取用於一晶圓之輸出之電子束檢驗子系統34。該電子束檢驗子系統可包含一現有檢驗子系統(例如,藉由將本文中所闡述之功能性添加至一現有檢驗系統),諸如市場上可購自KLA-Tencor之檢驗工具之任何者。對於某些此系統,可提供本文中所闡述之方法作為該系統之選用功能性(例如,除該系統之其他功能性外)。另一選擇係,可「自零開始」設計本文中所闡述之系統來提供一完全新的系統。
根據本文中所闡述之實施例之任何者,該系統亦包含經組態以使用關於形成於晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像之電腦子系統36。如本文所進一步闡述,模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之裝置中之區域。該電腦子系統亦經組態以基於模板影像及輸出中之型樣而將模板影像匹配至輸出,其可根據本文所進一步闡
述之實施例之任何者來執行。另外,該電腦子系統經組態以基於相關聯於匹配輸出中之像素之模板影像之像素之區域來識別輸出中之像素位於其內之區域,其可根據本文中所進一步闡述之實施例之任何者來執行。該電腦子系統經進一步組態以基於像素位於其內之區域來將缺陷偵測參數應用於輸出中之像素以藉此在晶圓上偵測缺陷,其可根據本文所進一步闡述之實施例之任何者來執行。該電腦子系統及該系統可經進一步組態以執行本文所闡述之任何(若干)方法之任何其他(若干)步驟。
鑒於此闡述,熟習此項技術者將明白本發明之各個態樣之其他修改及替代實施例。例如,提供用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之方法及系統。相應地,此闡述應理解為僅僅繪示性的且用於教示熟習此項技術者實施本發明之一般方式之目的。應瞭解,應將本文中所展示及闡述之本發明之形式視為目前較佳的實施例。元件及材料可替換本文中所繪示及闡述之彼等元件及材料,可顛倒部件及程序,且可獨立地利用本發明之某些特徵,一熟習此項技術者在受益於本發明之此闡述之后後將明白全部。在不脫離以下申請專利範圍中所闡述之本發明之精神及範疇之情況下,可改變本文中所闡述之元件。
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Claims (35)
- 一種用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之電腦實施之方法,其包括:使用關於形成於一晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像,其中該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之該裝置中之區域;獲取用於該晶圓之一電子束檢驗系統之輸出;在獲取該輸出之前將該模板影像分離成對應於該裝置中之不同區域的不同區域;基於在獲取該輸出之前的該分離之結果來判定該模板影像中之該等像素位於該裝置中之該等不同區域之何者中;基於該模板影像及該輸出中之型樣來將該模板影像匹配至該輸出;基於匹配該輸出中之該等像素之該模板影像之該等像素及該模板影像之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等不同區域來識別該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該裝置中之該等區域,其中該產生、該獲取、該分離、該判定、該匹配及該識別係在針對該晶圓執行之缺陷偵測之前執行;及基於該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該裝置中之該等區域來將缺陷偵測參數應用於該輸出中之該等像素以藉此偵測該晶圓上的缺陷,其中使用一電腦系統來執行該產生、該獲取、該分離、該判定、該匹配、該識別及該應用。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該資訊包括用於該裝置之設計資料。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該資訊包括形成於該晶圓上之該裝置之一高解析度影像。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中判定該模板影像中之該等像素位於該裝 置中之該等不同區域之何者中係基於裝置之性質、所關注缺陷、已知損害缺陷或其等之某一組合來執行。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少一者僅對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之一單個接觸件。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少某些區域對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之不同類型之接觸件。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少一者對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構中之接觸件之間之一個氧化物區,且其中不針對該氧化物區執行該應用。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括使用關於該裝置之該資訊來產生多個模板影像,其中該多個模板影像之各者係針對於該電子束檢驗系統之多個像素大小及光學條件中之一者而產生。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中該匹配包括基於該等型樣而將該模板影像匹配至對應於該陣列區域中之一個單元胞之輸出中之像素及基於關於該單元胞及該陣列區域之資訊而將該匹配傳播遍及該陣列區域。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中針對該陣列區域中之一關注區內之一整個列及行之單元胞執行該匹配。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中針對該陣列區域內之每個單元胞執行該匹配。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該識別包括將一區域分割方案重疊至匹配該模板影像之該輸出中之該等像素上。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該等缺陷偵測參數包括是否在該裝置中 之該等區域中之一或多者中執行缺陷偵測,及用於將在其中執行該缺陷偵測之該裝置中之該等區域之取決於該輸出中之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域之一臨限值,且其中該臨限值待被應用於該輸出中之該等像素與參考像素之間之一差。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該應用包括將對應於該裝置之一陣列區域中之多個單元胞之該輸出中之多個像素求平均以產生一參考影像、自對應於該多個單元胞中之一者之該輸出中之一測試影像減去該參考影像以產生一差影像,及基於該差影像中之像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域而將該等缺陷偵測參數應用於該差影像。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括使該等所偵測之缺陷自動地相關聯於其等位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域。
- 如請求項1之方法,其進一步包括基於所偵測之該等缺陷位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域而將所偵測之該等缺陷分類。
- 如請求項1之方法,其中該裝置中之各接觸件類型相關聯於該裝置中之該等區域中之一不同者,該方法進一步包括顯示該各接觸件類型中之所偵測之缺陷之密度。
- 一種非暫時性電腦可讀媒體,其含有儲存於其中之程式指令用於致使一電腦系統執行用於在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之一電腦實施之方法,其中該電腦實施之方法包括:使用關於形成於一晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像,其中該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之該裝置之區域;獲取用於該晶圓之一電子束檢驗系統之輸出;在獲取該輸出之前將該模板影像分離成對應於該裝置中之不同區域的不同區域; 基於在獲取該輸出之前的該分離之結果來判定該模板影像中之該等像素位於該裝置中之該等不同區域之何者中;基於該模板影像及該輸出中之型樣而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出;基於匹配於該輸出中之該等像素之該模板影像之該等像素及該模板影像之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等不同區域來識別該輸出中之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域,其中該產生、該獲取、該分離、該判定、該匹配及該識別係在針對該晶圓執行之缺陷偵測之前執行;及基於該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該裝置中之該等區域來將缺陷偵測參數應用於該輸出中之該等像素以藉此在該晶圓上偵測缺陷。
- 一種經組態以在一晶圓上偵測缺陷之系統,其包括:一電子束檢驗子系統,其經組態以獲取用於一晶圓之輸出;及一電腦子系統,其經組態以:使用關於形成於該晶圓上之一裝置之資訊來產生一模板影像,其中該模板影像中之至少某些像素相關聯於具有不同特性之該裝置中之區域;在藉由該電子束檢驗子系統獲取該輸出之前將該模板影像分離成對應於該裝置中之不同區域的不同區域;基於在藉由該電子束檢驗子系統獲取該輸出之前將該模板影像分離成該等不同區域的結果來判定該模板影像中之該等像素位於該裝置中之該等不同區域之何者中;基於該模板影像及該輸出中之型樣而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出; 基於匹配該輸出中之該等像素之該模板影像之該等像素及該模板影像之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等不同區域而識別該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該裝置中之該等區域,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以產生該模板影像、分離該模板影像、判定該等不同區域之何者、匹配該模板影像及在針對該晶圓執行缺陷偵測之前識別該等區域;及基於該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該裝置中之該等區域而將缺陷偵測參數應用於該輸出中之該等像素以藉此在該晶圓上偵測缺陷。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該資訊包括用於該裝置之設計資料。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該資訊包括形成於該晶圓上之該裝置之一高解析度影像。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以基於裝置之性質、所關注缺陷、已知損害缺陷或其等之某一組合來判定該模板影像中之該等像素位於該裝置中之該等不同區域之何者中。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少一者僅對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之一單個接觸件。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少某些區域對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構內之不同類型之接觸件。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該裝置中之該等區域中之至少一者對應於該裝置之一重複記憶胞結構中之接觸件之間之一個氧化物區,且其中該等缺陷偵測參數不應用於該氧化物區內之該等像素。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以使用關於該裝置之該資訊來產生多個模板影像,且其中該多個模板影 像之各者係針對於該電子束檢驗系統之多個像素大小及光學條件中之一者而產生。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以藉由基於該等型樣而將該模板影像匹配至對應於該陣列區域中之一個單元胞之輸出中之像素及基於關於該單元胞及該陣列區域之資訊而將該匹配傳播遍及該陣列區域,來將該模板影像匹配至該輸出。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以針對該陣列區域中之一關注區內之一整個列及行之單元胞而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該模板影像對應於該裝置之一陣列區域內之一單元胞,且其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以針對該陣列區域內之每個單元胞而將該模板影像匹配至該輸出。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以藉由將一區域分割方案重疊至匹配該模板影像之該輸出中之該等像素上,來識別該輸出中之該等像素位於其內之該等區域。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該等缺陷偵測參數包括是否在該裝置中之該等區域中之一或多者中執行缺陷偵測,及用於將在其中執行該缺陷偵測之該裝置中之該等區域之取決於該輸出中之該等像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域之一臨限值,且其中該臨限值待被應用於該輸出中之該等像素與參考像素之間之一差。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以藉由將對應於該裝置之一陣列區域中之多個單元胞之該輸出中之多個 像素求平均以產生一參考影像、自對應於該多個單元胞中之一者之該輸出中之一測試影像減去該參考影像以產生一差影像,及基於該差影像中之像素位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域而將該等缺陷偵測參數應用於該差影像,來應用該等缺陷偵測參數。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以使該等所偵測之缺陷自動地相關聯於其等位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以基於所偵測之該等缺陷位於其中之該裝置中之該等區域而將所偵測之該等缺陷分類。
- 如請求項19之系統,其中該裝置中之各接觸件類型相關聯於該裝置中之該等區域中之一不同者,且其中該電腦子系統進一步經組態以顯示該各接觸件類型中之所偵測之缺陷之密度。
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|---|---|
| EP2943976A1 (en) | 2015-11-18 |
| KR20150103706A (ko) | 2015-09-11 |
| US9311698B2 (en) | 2016-04-12 |
| JP6230622B2 (ja) | 2017-11-15 |
| JP2016508295A (ja) | 2016-03-17 |
| TW201447287A (zh) | 2014-12-16 |
| US20140193065A1 (en) | 2014-07-10 |
| WO2014110178A1 (en) | 2014-07-17 |
| KR102055968B1 (ko) | 2019-12-13 |
| EP2943976A4 (en) | 2016-09-07 |
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