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TWI564082B - 浸入式膜之整合氣體噴灑器 - Google Patents

浸入式膜之整合氣體噴灑器 Download PDF

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TWI564082B
TWI564082B TW100137385A TW100137385A TWI564082B TW I564082 B TWI564082 B TW I564082B TW 100137385 A TW100137385 A TW 100137385A TW 100137385 A TW100137385 A TW 100137385A TW I564082 B TWI564082 B TW I564082B
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conduit
opening
chamber
gas
potting head
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TW201228734A (en
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傑佛瑞 羅納德 柯明
瑞德 亞林 貝里
永錫 洪
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奇異電器公司
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
    • B01D61/18—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/02—Hollow fibre modules
    • B01D63/04—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
    • B01D63/043—Hollow fibre modules comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies with separate tube sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/231—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids by bubbling
    • B01F23/23105—Arrangement or manipulation of the gas bubbling devices
    • B01F23/2312—Diffusers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
    • B01F33/40—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes
    • B01F33/406—Mixers using gas or liquid agitation, e.g. with air supply tubes in receptacles with gas supply only at the bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
    • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
    • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
    • B01F35/71755—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using means for feeding components in a pulsating or intermittent manner
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/21—Specific headers, end caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/26—Specific gas distributors or gas intakes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/18—Use of gases
    • B01D2321/185—Aeration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Aeration Devices For Treatment Of Activated Polluted Sludge (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)

Description

浸入式膜之整合氣體噴灑器
本說明書係關於氣體噴灑器且係關於用來抑制過濾膜之積垢的氣體洗滌。
以下背景論述並非承認下文所論述之任何事物可作為先前技術或一般常識而被引用。
國際PCT公開案WO/2000/021890描述一種用於浸沒式膜模組之通氣系統，該通氣系統具有連接至鼓風機、閥及控制器之一組通氣器，鼓風機、閥及控制器經調適以在重複循環中向個別通氣器交替地提供較高速率之空氣流及較低速率之空氣流。在一實施例中，鼓風機、閥及控制器同時向兩組或兩組以上通氣器提供交替空氣流，以使得當總系統空氣流恆定而允許鼓風機以恆定速率操作時，每一通氣器接收隨時間而變化之空氣流。在一些實施例中，至通氣器之空氣流在具有短持續時間之重複循環中發生。暫態流動條件導致產生貯槽水，其幫助避免死空間且輔助攪拌該等膜。WO/2000/021890之全文以引用的方式併入本文中。
以下論述意欲向讀者介紹隨後之更詳細論述，且不意欲限制或界定任何請求項。
在WO/2000/021890中所描述之空氣循環過程已證實在減少操作浸入式膜系統所需要之空氣或其他氣體及因此能量的量方面極其有效。WO/2000/021890中指出，快速閥移動導致極大氣泡在很短時間段內產生，且此等極大氣泡可幫助抑制膜積垢。然而，WO/2000/021890中亦指出，產生此等大氣泡需要在通氣系統中產生不合需要的壓力尖峰。
大氣泡之叢發可用以瓦解形成於膜上或累積於膜周圍之積垢薄膜、凝膠或餅。一旦積垢結構被破壞，則在叢發結束時較不強烈之通氣或在各叢發之間由其他通氣器提供之較不強烈之通氣可繼續移除污垢。在叢發期間之瞬時氣流速率可為習知氣體噴灑之氣流速率的1.25倍至10倍。氣體之叢發的持續時間可在1秒與10秒之間。叢發之頻率可為每2秒一次至每24小時一次。叢發可藉由暫時增加現有通氣系統之氣體壓力或氣流，藉由副氣體噴灑系統或(如下文將描述)藉由在經組態以定期釋放所累積之氣體的器件中累積氣體而產生。
下文將描述即使在具備連續氣流時仍產生間歇氣泡流之氣體噴灑器(或者稱為通氣器)。氣泡流可呈極大氣泡之短叢發的形式。一或多個氣體噴灑器可與膜模組整合或組合。可在一束中空纖維膜之內部或側面或兩者以叢發方式釋放氣泡。
灌封頭或在灌封頭下方之滲透收集器或氣體導管提供用以收集一氣囊之外殼之頂部。當該氣囊達到足夠大小時，穿過該灌封頭之導管自該氣囊釋放氣體中之至少一些。視需要，在灌封頭上方且在導管之出口上的蓋子或擴散器可引導所釋放氣體或將所釋放氣體分裂成較小(但仍為大的)氣泡或兩者。即使具備連續氣體供應，噴灑器仍產生離散之氣泡流週期，通常呈大氣泡之短叢發的形式。
圖1展示與四個膜模組A、B、C及D之灌封頭(potting head)40整合的四個噴灑器10。或者可將灌封頭40稱為頭座(header)。每一灌封頭40通常係一塊灌封材料(諸如硬化樹脂)。複數個中空纖維膜42之末端灌封至灌封頭中。在模組A、B及C之狀況下，膜42之末端插入於灌封頭40中。第二灌封頭(未圖示)設置於膜42之另一末端以(例如)藉由施加至與膜42之內腔連通之滲透空腔的抽吸而自膜42之內腔抽出滲透物。在模組D中，膜42之末端對滲透空腔44開放，滲透空腔44又連接至滲透抽出管46。在模組D中之膜42之上端可個別地被插入及鬆開(未固定於灌封頭中)，共同地插入至一或多個上部灌封頭中，或灌封至第二滲透灌封頭中。灌封頭40之底部，或用於灌封頭40之模，或滲透空腔44之底部，或在滲透空腔44下方之氣體分配導管(未圖示)的底部界定在灌封頭40下方之外殼12的頂部。外殼12亦具有在灌封頭40下方延伸以在灌封頭40下方界定底部開放式充氣部的壁。
噴灑器10自氣體分配管18接收氣流(通常為空氣流)。經由與分配管18連通之一或多個出氣口20在噴灑器10下方排出氣體或將氣體直接排出至噴灑器10中。分配管18可定位於噴灑器10之底部附近(如所示)或定位於其他高度。舉例而言，替代性分配管18'可連接至氣體導管50，氣體導管50係藉由在灌封頭40之底部或滲透空腔44之底部下方且平行於灌封頭40之底部或滲透空腔44之底部而置放水平壁(如針對模組D所展示)所形成。在模組D之狀況下，氣體導管50及滲透空腔44可各自連接至一或多個鄰近模組，以使得氣體管18及滲透管46在無需直接連接至所有模組的情況下服務於多個模組。氣體分配管18亦可定位於模組上方，具有下降至噴灑器10的氣體管線。
噴灑器10具有穿過灌封頭40之排出導管22。排出導管具有與在外殼12之頂部內及附近之區域連通的第一出口24及在灌封頭40上方的對外殼12之外部開放的第二出口26。導管22之至少一部分在第一開口24與第二開口26之間向下延伸。導管22之另一部分在到達第二開口26之前再次向上延伸。經由導管22離開外殼12之氣體必須穿過導管22中介於第一開口24與第二開口26之間的低點，如大體上為J形或U形的導管22中所展示。第二開口26可具有1平方公分至10平方公分或3平方公分至6平方公分之面積。與導管22連通之氣囊的橫截面積係較佳地為第二開口26之面積的10倍或更多(例如，在20倍至35倍之範圍中)。若氣囊之橫截面積相對於第二開口26之面積而言較小，則可使導管22之低點及外殼12之壁較低以增加與導管22連通的氣囊中之空氣的體積。
頂蓋48或擴散器52可視需要設置於灌封頭40上方，與第二開口26連通。擴散器52可為(例如)具有複數個孔54以使來自導管22之空氣流分裂成較小氣泡之腔室。頂蓋48將來自導管的氣流向下引導至灌封頭40之上表面或橫跨灌封頭44，且亦可使來自導管22之氣流分裂成較小氣泡。如所展示，在第二開口26下方延伸之固體頂蓋48往往可截獲在頂蓋48下方之氣囊，此可干擾導管22之再溢流。若此情形發生，則可將孔設置於在第二開口上方之頂蓋48中，可使頂蓋48之下邊緣成扇形以在第二開口26之高度附近或上方提供水平開口，或可使第二開口相對於頂蓋48之底部降低，或可使頂蓋48相對於第二開口26升高。
圖1中示意性地說明浸入於液體34中之噴灑器10的操作，其中部分A、B、C及D各自按氣體饋入至噴灑器10中時在單一噴灑器10中發生之順序在四個不同點處展示噴灑器10。順序自針對A所展示之條件進行至B，進行至C，進行至D，且接著返回至條件A，且只要給噴灑器10提供氣體供應便重複。在圖1之部分A中，導管22充滿液體34，但氣囊36可截獲於外殼12中。在部分B中，氣囊36的大小隨著來自分配管18之氣體收集於外殼12中而增加且排出液體34。液體34經由通往外殼12之底部的開口且經由導管22離開外殼12。在部分C中，在膨脹之氣囊36在導管22中之低點的上邊界下方延伸之後，產生一路徑以供氣體自氣囊36流出且流過導管22，且氣體(例如，以氣泡38)被排出至外殼12之外部。在部分D中，氣體繼續流過導管22，液體34重新進入外殼12且氣囊36變小。返回至部分A，在外殼12內之液體34最終到達導管22，導管22溢流，且通過導管22之氣流停止。過程接著重複，從而即使在連續供應氣體時仍產生離散之氣體排出週期。
視需要，導管22可具有第三開口，或向下指之開放管56。此開口或管56可幫助介於部分D與E之階段之間的導管溢流，但通常並非必要。第三開口亦可允許氣升產生於導管的自第三開口至第二出口26之部分中以產生自導管22之兩相氣體-液體排出。此在(例如)模組在灌封頭40之頂部附近的液體循環方面有問題時可為有用的。然而，發明者認為產生兩相流亦減少氣泡之清潔作用，且因此更喜歡基本上由氣體及最初必須被擠出導管22以允許氣體流過導管的任何液體組成之排出。
模組A、B、C及D之特徵及下文所描述之額外可選特徵可經選擇、混合或一起組合成任何可能的排列或組合。灌封頭40在平面圖中可為(例如)圓形、方形或矩形。第二開口26可作為僅有的第二開口26或結合額外第二開口26之環而在平面圖中定位於圓形灌封頭之中心。大模組可具有支援多個噴灑器10之大灌封頭，(例如)就好象模組A、B、C及D合併在一起而具有一共同灌封頭44但具有多個噴灑器10。具有複數個導管22之大灌封頭44可具有沿灌封頭44之長度、跨灌封頭44之寬度或兩者而分佈之導管。單一導管22可具有兩個或兩個以上第二開口26，舉例而言，在模組之每一側上一個開口，或在模組之中間且在每一側上一個開口。圖2展示具有多個第二開口26之另一替代性導管22。
10．．．噴灑器
12．．．外殼
18．．．氣體分配管
18'．．．氣體分配管
20．．．出氣口
22．．．排出導管
24．．．第一出口/第一開口
26．．．第二出口/第二開口
34．．．液體
36．．．氣囊
38．．．氣泡
40．．．灌封頭
42．．．中空纖維膜
44．．．滲透空腔
46．．．滲透抽出管
48．．．頂蓋
52．．．擴散器
54．．．孔
56．．．開放管
A．．．膜模組
B．．．膜模組
C．．．膜模組
D．．．膜模組
圖1展示在通氣過程中的各階段中浸入於液體中之四個噴灑器的示意性側視圖。
圖2展示如在圖1之噴灑器中之替代導管的等角視圖。
10．．．噴灑器
12．．．外殼
18．．．氣體分配管
18'．．．氣體分配管
20．．．出氣口
22．．．排出導管
24．．．第一出口/第一開口
26．．．第二出口/第二開口
34．．．液體
36．．．氣囊
38．．．氣泡
40．．．灌封頭
42．．．中空纖維膜
44．．．滲透空腔
46．．．滲透抽出管
48．．．頂蓋
52．．．擴散器
54．．．孔
56．．．開放管
A．．．膜模組
B．．．膜模組
C．．．膜模組
D．．．膜模組

Claims (6)

  1. 一種用於在一液體中提供氣泡之裝置，其包含，a)一外殼，其界定一腔室且在該腔室下方具有一開口，該開口允許在該腔室之內部與該腔室之外部之間的連通；及，b)一導管，該導管具有在該腔室內部的一第一開口及與該腔室之該外部連通的一第二開口，且界定該導管之一封閉部分，該封閉部分具有在自該第一開口至該第二開口之一方向上向下延伸至該導管之一低點的一部分，其中，c)該腔室經調適以將一氣囊保持於在該氣囊與該液體之間的一界面上方，該界面具有一可變高度，該可變高度在該導管中之該第一開口的至少一下邊界至該導管之該低點的一上邊界的範圍內；d)該外殼與一膜模組之一灌封頭整合，e)該導管之該封閉部分自該導管之該低點向上延伸且穿過該灌封頭；f)該導管之該封閉部分連續地自該第一開口延伸至該第二開口；及，其中該灌封頭係為一硬化樹脂塊，而該膜模組係灌封於其中。
  2. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該導管之該第二開口在該第一開口上方。
  3. 如請求項1之裝置，其進一步包含一氣體供應導管，該 氣體供應導管與該膜模組之該灌封頭整合且具有用以將氣體排出至該腔室中的一出口，其中該導管之該封閉部分係延伸穿過該氣體供應導管。
  4. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該第二開口具有為1平方公分至10平方公分之一面積。
  5. 如請求項1之裝置，其中與該導管連通之該氣囊的橫截面積係該導管之該第二開口的橫截面積的至少10倍。
  6. 如請求項1之裝置，其中該膜模組進一步包含一在該灌封頭下方之滲透空腔且該導管之該封閉部分係延伸通過該滲透空腔。
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