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TWI498210B - A plaster board with mildew resistant - Google Patents

A plaster board with mildew resistant Download PDF

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Publication number
TWI498210B
TWI498210B TW097120223A TW97120223A TWI498210B TW I498210 B TWI498210 B TW I498210B TW 097120223 A TW097120223 A TW 097120223A TW 97120223 A TW97120223 A TW 97120223A TW I498210 B TWI498210 B TW I498210B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
gypsum board
gypsum
water
core
base paper
Prior art date
Application number
TW097120223A
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English (en)
Other versions
TW200906608A (en
Inventor
Masahiro Wada
Tomoya Hasegawa
Shizuo Taira
Tsuneo Tsuruzawa
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Yoshino Gypsum Co
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Application filed by Yoshino Gypsum Co filed Critical Yoshino Gypsum Co
Publication of TW200906608A publication Critical patent/TW200906608A/zh
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Publication of TWI498210B publication Critical patent/TWI498210B/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/14—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing calcium sulfate cements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/74—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,3
    • A01N43/78—1,3-Thiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-thiazoles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B13/00—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material
    • B32B13/04—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B13/08—Layered products comprising a a layer of water-setting substance, e.g. concrete, plaster, asbestos cement, or like builders' material comprising such water setting substance as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of paper or cardboard
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/12—Nitrogen containing compounds organic derivatives of hydrazine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/16—Sulfur-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
    • C04B41/49—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes
    • C04B41/4905—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon
    • C04B41/495—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal or carbon-to-silicon linkages ; Organo-clay compounds; Organo-silicates, i.e. ortho- or polysilicic acid esters ; Organo-phosphorus compounds; Organo-inorganic complexes containing silicon applied to the substrate as oligomers or polymers
    • C04B41/4961—Polyorganosiloxanes, i.e. polymers with a Si-O-Si-O-chain; "silicones"
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
    • C04B41/64—Compounds having one or more carbon-to-metal of carbon-to-silicon linkages
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/043—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres of plaster
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/04—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres
    • E04C2/049—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of concrete or other stone-like material; of asbestos cement; of cement and other mineral fibres completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/03—3 layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/12—Coating on the layer surface on paper layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/24—Organic non-macromolecular coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/26—Polymeric coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/73—Hydrophobic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2383/00—Polysiloxanes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2103/65—Water proofers or repellants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/60—Agents for protection against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2103/67—Biocides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C04B2111/0062—Gypsum-paper board like materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/2092—Resistance against biological degradation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31652—Of asbestos
    • Y10T428/31663—As siloxane, silicone or silane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper
    • Y10T428/31996—Next to layer of metal salt [e.g., plasterboard, etc.]

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Description

具有防黴性之石膏板
發明領域
本申請專利發明係有關一種具有防黴性能之石膏板。詳而言之，有關類似於昇降機軸內，發生結露，且於易受潮濕之場所使用時，可在長期間繼續地發揮防黴性能之石膏板。
 發明背景
石膏板除具有防火性、耐火性、隔音性、絕熱性、施工性等優良特性之外，由於價廉，廣汎使用於建築用內部裝飾材料。通常，此類石膏板係以熟石膏、黏合劑、為求得輕量化預先將發泡劑發泡之泡沫(以下，稱為泡沫)、種種添加劑及水，以混合攪拌機混練，將所得之石膏漿堆積於可連續地被搬運之表面用石膏板原紙(以下，稱為下紙)上，將該堆積物如包裹樣地沿著下紙在其兩側緣部分別刻有規定板之寬度及厚度之刻線邊進行折疊，而在該堆積物層之上，以同樣速度以可被搬運之反面用石膏板原紙(以下，稱為上紙)重疊，通過決定石膏板之厚度及寬度之成型機予以成形，在石膏漿硬化後施行初步切斷，且於其後，在乾燥機予以強制乾燥後，切斷成製品尺寸以製造。諸如前述，石膏板係將石膏及種種的添加劑所構成石膏芯(以下，稱為芯)，以石膏板原紙(以下，稱為板原紙)被覆者。
可是，據說黴等菌類之發生條件有以下之四個。即為(1)溫度、(2)空氣(氧氣)、(3)營養、(4)濕度。針對石膏板作 為內部裝飾材料於一般住宅或大廈等之室內施工狀況，進行該等的條件之檢討。首先，關於(1)溫度，多數種類之黴，雖被認為20~30℃是適合發生之條件，當然滿足於該條件。又，關於(2)空氣，由於僅有少量之氧氣即足夠需要，當然亦滿足該條件。關於(3)營養，由於板原紙本身提供了纖維素纖維等之營養分，亦滿足該條件。關於最後之(4)濕度，如不是廚房或浴室類之頻繁結露、常處於受潮之場所，僅僅積有大氣中之水蒸氣或少量水的程度時，水分迅速地蒸發，故不符合於黴發生之條件。
但是，在類似建築中之昇降機軸的場所，其上方開口部之遮雨設施不完備，如雨水浸入於軸內之情形時，很快地就會連想到石膏板吸收了濕氣，但無法迅速地乾燥的狀況。關於在此類場所所施工之石膏板，已有試著藉由在板原紙及/或芯添加防黴劑以防止黴之繁殖。例如，已知有(i)使用塗布有防黴劑的板原紙之方法(專利文獻1、專利文獻2、專利文獻3)，(ii)將石膏板浸漬於防黴劑液之方法(專利文獻4)，(iii)石膏中摻合防黴劑而成者(專利文獻5、專利文獻6、專利文獻7、專利文獻8)等。
專利文獻1：特開昭59－121173號公報
專利文獻2：特開昭63－227899號公報
專利文獻3：特開平4－69301號公報
專利文獻4：特開昭61－18705號公報
專利文獻5：特開昭63－17248號公報
專利文獻6：特開平2－302354號公報
專利文獻7：特開平4-331752號公報
專利文獻8：特表2005-531440號公報
 發明揭示
但是，如同(i)，在板原紙塗布防黴劑時，由於板原紙表面潮濕之水，使防黴劑流失，難於長期間發揮防黴效果。同樣的，如同(ii)將硬化之芯浸漬於防黴劑時，形成防黴劑僅含於芯之表層。因此，防黴劑還是流失，難於長期間發揮防黴效果。
因此，更期望於芯含有防黴劑。但為發揮防黴效果，僅在芯的一部分含有防黴劑是不夠的，故有將防黴劑均勻分散於芯全體之必要。因此，如同(iii)以防黴劑均勻分散於芯全體為目的，即於硬化前之水性石膏漿內添加防黴劑。此時，期望的防黴劑係可溶解於漿之水溶性者。但是，由於石膏雖是2000ppm之低溶解度且可溶於水之關係，雖於芯含有防黴劑之石膏板，在不斷地受潮濕之狀況中，水溶性之防黴劑緩慢地與石膏一起溶出於水。因此，不易在長期間發揮防黴性能。過去，僅以增加防黴劑之添加量來對應。
本專利申請發明中之石膏板，係為解決如上述之課題而進行者，特徵在於石膏芯中摻合對水難溶性之防黴劑及防水劑，且使用添加有對水難溶性之防黴劑的石膏板原紙。
使用對水難溶性之防黴劑，且藉由芯的防水處理，可 達到抑制防黴劑從板原紙溶出且使石膏板潮濕之水，並且抑制防黴劑從芯溶出。由此，可獲得較為長期間繼續地發揮防黴性能之石膏板，且可壓低防黴劑之添加量。
 用以實施發明之最佳形態
其次，更詳細說明有關本發明。
在本專利申請發明中，相對於芯及板原紙，雖然使用對水難溶性之防黴劑，仍期望是對該水之溶解度為1000ppm以下。而以溶解度為500ppm以下較為適合，更期望是200ppm以下。具體而言，可舉例如TBZ【化學名：2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole、苯并咪唑系、對水之溶解度=30ppm】；BCM【化學名：2-benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl ester、苯并咪唑系、對水之溶解度=不溶】；ZPT【化學名：Bis[1-hydroxy-2(1H)pyridinethionato]zinc、吡啶硫酮(Pyrithion)系、對水之溶解度=15Pppm】；氟代滅菌丹(Fluorofolpet)【化學名：N-(fluorodichloromethylthio)-phthalimide、鹵代烷基硫系、對水之溶解度=不溶】；OIT【化學名：2-n-octyl 4-isothiazolin-3-one、異噻唑啉系、對水之溶解度=480ppm】；IPBC【化學名：3-iodo-2-propyl butyl carbamate、有機碘系、對水之溶解度=156ppm】；三氯沙(triclosan、2,4,4’-三氯-2’-羥基二苯醚)、【化學名：2,4,4’-trichloro-2’-hydroxydiphenylether、氯化苯酚系、對水之溶解度=10ppm】；二碘甲基-p-三碸【化學名：1-[(diiodomethyl)sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzene、有機碘系、對水之溶解度=100ppm】；TCMTB【化學名：2-(4-thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole、噻唑系、對水之溶解度＝330ppm】等。又，防黴劑對芯之添加量，雖因防黴劑之種類而異，但以每構成芯之石膏100質量份，有效成分基準0.005質量份~1質量份為適宜。
再者，防水劑是矽系防水劑，例如期望是使用甲基氫基聚矽氧烷(methylhydrogen polysiloxane)。防水劑的含量相對於構成芯之石膏100質量份，期望是0.1~1質量份。小於1質量份則缺乏防水效果，雖添加至大於1質量份，效果並未大幅度提高。又，作為石膏板用而通常使用之石蠟或瀝青等之防水劑，亦可發揮相同的效果。
對於板原紙添加防黴劑，可在板原紙製造時或板原紙製造後之任何時間。在板原紙製造時添加之方法，可舉例如將分散有防黴劑之溶液，直接添加於紙漿中，抄入於板原紙的方法。又，在板原紙的製造後添加之方法，可舉例如將分散有防黴劑之溶液，以輥塗或毛刷塗布之方法，或以溶液噴霧於板原紙之方法。又，對板原紙塗布防黴劑時，為要提高所使用防黴劑於板原紙表面以維持效果起見，期望是以混合於樹脂或澱粉後塗布。再者，為提高防水性以抑制防黴劑之流出，更期望是在未接觸於芯之板原紙表面，塗布聚脂樹脂，尿烷(urethane)樹脂，丙烯酸樹脂，丙烯酸、尿烷樹脂或環氧樹脂。樹脂之塗布可在製造石膏板前後之任何時間，塗布方法可舉例如輥塗、淋幕式塗裝，凹板印刷、浸漬、噴霧等。
再者，在本專利申請發明之具有防黴性之石膏板中，可使用通常於製造石膏板時所用之添加劑。該等添加劑係 芯及板原紙之黏合增強劑，可舉例如澱粉、聚乙烯醇樹脂、聚乙酸乙酯系樹脂等；無機系填充材料有蛭石、黏土等；補強材料有玻璃纖維等；水滴防止劑有硼酸、酒石酸等。
實施例
以下揭示有關實施例及比較例之試驗結果，更詳細說明有關本專利申請發明。當然的，本專利申請發明並不受實施例之限制，在不損及本專利申請發明之效果範圍，可變更種種的條件。
在本專利申請發明之實施例、比較例，通常在藉由連續地灌注成型法之石膏板製造線上，將天然石膏及化學石膏摻合、焙燒所得之熟石膏，添加水、泡沫、硬化促進劑以調製石膏漿，對於必要者更添加防黴劑及防水劑。又，將該石膏漿連續地以石膏板用原紙之上紙及下紙，被覆、成形，在硬化、乾燥後，製成厚度12.5mm、尺寸910mm×1820mm之石膏板。石膏板原紙係使用添加或未添加之防黴劑者。
使用防黴劑時，如顯示於第1表之5種類，以單獨或複數種類混合使用，而對板原紙係將澱粉或丙烯酸樹脂混合【以下稱為(防黴劑混合材料)】後添加。又，使用防水劑時，矽系防水劑係使用甲基氫基聚矽氧烷。
(試驗1－JIS試驗)
根據JISZ2911「抗黴性試驗方法」之「8.塗料之試驗」 條件下，進行四週之試驗。
黴菌菌種：麴菌屬(aspergillus)、青黴菌屬(penicillium)、分枝抱子菌屬(cladsporium)、木黴屬(trichoderma)等四種類混合。
石膏板：對於芯及板原紙之防黴劑及防水劑之添加量顯示於第2表。
試驗結果顯示於第3表。
在試驗1中，組合TBZ、BCM、IPBC、OIT，將防黴劑添加量及防水劑添加量振盪混合以製造石膏板，試驗實施之結果，在任何情形下，黴均未發生(實施例1~10)。
再者，將實施例9所使用之防黴劑混合材料，雖將澱粉改為丙烯酸樹脂，與實施例9同樣地未發生黴(實施例11)。又，添加於芯之防黴劑及添加於板原紙之防黴劑的種類相 異時，黴亦未發生(實施例12)。
相對於此，在芯及板原紙完全不使用防黴劑時，黴於3天後發生(比較例1)。芯由於添加防水劑0.5%，黴則延後1天發生，添加量增加到1.0%、1.5%，雖更為延後，但未達到所期望的水準(比較例2~4)。
僅對芯添加TBZ及IPBC之混合劑時，黴之發生則比添加防水劑1.5%時可延後3天以上(比較例5、6)，又以相同防黴劑之組合添加於板原紙，則黴發生雖可更為延後4天(比較例7、8)，但仍不夠充分。
將對水之溶解度為530000ppm且高SPT，添加於比較例8之2倍芯時(比較例9)，僅能發揮與比較例8相同程度之防黴性。又，板原紙中添加SPT時(比較例10)，黴亦於19天後發生。
(試驗2－吸水試驗)
試驗1中雖根據JIS實施試驗，對於更長期間的防黴效果，須於石膏板經常吸水的條件下確認，因而實施以下的試驗。
試驗方法係作成如顯示於第4表之添加有防黴劑及防水劑之石膏板，從其下面起至10mm為止，以木軸固定使之浸漬於水。再從下部起50mm之位置，藉由水分計(使用股份公司kett科學研究所製，混凝土、灰泥水分計HI－520)實施水分測定，邊確認該部位之吸水狀況，觀察黴之發生狀況。水以紅色墨水著色，以掌握水對板之浸透狀況。
試驗結果顯示於第5表。
在各實施例中，可確認比起比較例可長期間不斷地發揮防黴性。又，實施例2與比較例10比較，可確認對水溶解度低之防黴劑之使用，比對水溶解度高之防黴劑較少量即可發揮同樣程度之防黴性。
(試驗3－屋外曝露試驗)
試驗1及2中，在黴易發生之狀況下，雖確認了本專利申請發明之效果，最後對於較為長期的防黴效果，以在屋外曝露之條件下進行確認。
試驗方法係將作為實施例之TBZ及IPBC之混合防黴劑，分別添加於芯0.05%及板原紙0.1g/m2 ，且於芯添加防水劑0.5%之石膏板，及製造未使用防黴劑及防水劑之石膏板作為比較例，為防止水從其截斷面浸透而藉由鋁帶被覆之防水處理外，屋外曝露試驗進行1年。
試驗結果，確認比較例之石膏板雖從試驗開始起1個月就有黴發生，而實施例之石膏板雖經過1年以上之時點，黴仍未發生。
產業上的利用可能性
根據本專利申請發明，可提供雖在經常發生結露，易於受潮濕之場所繼續地使用時，經過長時間繼續發揮防黴性能之石膏板。
「其他」
再者，本專利申請係根據2007年6月19日申請之日本國專利申請2007－161792號主張之優先權者，且日本國申請之內容係參照本申請引用。

Claims (4)

  1. 一種具有防黴性之石膏板，係含有第一與第二防黴劑以及防水劑之石膏芯，且前述第一與第二防黴劑各別具有200ppm以下之水溶性，同時具有被覆前述石膏芯之二個表面的石膏板原紙者，各別具有200ppm以下之水溶性的前述第一與第二防黴劑及澱粉之混合物，係塗布於前述石膏板原紙之表面，且上述表面係未與前述石膏芯接觸，並且，前述第一防黴劑為2-(4-噻唑基)-苯并咪唑(2-(4-thiazolyl)-benzimidazole(TBZ))或2-苯并咪唑胺甲酸甲酯(2-benzimidazole carbamic acid methyl ester(BCM))，前述第二防黴劑為3-碘基-2-丙基丁基胺基甲酸酯(3-iodo-2-propyl butyl carbamate(IPBC))。
  2. 如申請專利範圍第1項之具有防黴性之石膏板，其中防水劑係矽系防水劑。
  3. 如申請專利範圍第2項之具有防黴性之石膏板，其中矽系防水劑含量為每構成芯之石膏100質量份0.1質量份以上且1質量份以下。
  4. 如申請專利範圍第1至3項中任一項之具有防黴性之石膏板，其中在未接觸於芯之石膏板原紙表面具有樹脂層。
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