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TWI495281B - 用於協定獨立的有線及／或無線通訊之光纖上的無線電（ｒｏｆ）系統 - Google Patents

用於協定獨立的有線及／或無線通訊之光纖上的無線電（ｒｏｆ）系統 Download PDF

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TWI495281B
TWI495281B TW099138696A TW99138696A TWI495281B TW I495281 B TWI495281 B TW I495281B TW 099138696 A TW099138696 A TW 099138696A TW 99138696 A TW99138696 A TW 99138696A TW I495281 B TWI495281 B TW I495281B
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Taiwan
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fiber
access point
peer
heu
peer device
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TW099138696A
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TW201145855A (en
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Jacob George
Michael Sauer
Dean M Thelen
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Corning Cable Sys Llc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25751—Optical arrangements for CATV or video distribution
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • H04B10/25754—Star network topology
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/14—Systems for two-way working
    • H04N7/15—Conference systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0062—Network aspects
    • H04Q11/0067—Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/24—Cell structures
    • H04W16/26—Cell enhancers or enhancement, e.g. for tunnels, building shadow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H04W88/085—Access point devices with remote components
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00—Connection management
    • H04W76/10—Connection setup
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08—Access point devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/20—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between access points

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Optical Communication System (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Description

用於協定獨立的有線及/或無線通訊之光纖上的無線電(ROF)系統
本發明是關於使用無線電光纖通訊系統的有線及/或無線通訊系統。
無線通訊正在迅速成長，不斷增加高速行動資料通訊的需求。作為一例，所謂的「無線保真」或「無線網路」系統和無線區域網路(WLAN)係部署在多種不同類型的地區(如咖啡店、機場、圖書館等)。無線通訊系統與稱為「客戶端」的無線裝置通訊，其必須常駐在無線範圍或「蜂巢覆蓋區域」內，以與存取點裝置通訊。
一種部署無線通訊系統的方法包括使用「微微蜂巢」。微微蜂巢是無線電頻率(RF)覆蓋區域。舉例來說，微微蜂巢的半徑範圍可從幾米到二十米。結合數個存取點裝置建立覆蓋稱為「微微蜂巢覆蓋區域」的微微蜂巢陣列。由於微微蜂巢覆蓋小區域，每個微微蜂巢通常只有幾個使用者(客戶端)。這樣就可以同時提供無線系統使用者高覆蓋品質及高資料傳輸速率，並最小化無線系統使用者共享的RF頻寬。微微蜂巢的優勢是能夠與在微微蜂巢覆蓋區域內、位於遠端的通訊裝置無線通訊。
一種建立微微蜂巢的無線通訊系統類型稱為「無線電光纖(RoF)」無線系統。RoF無線系統使用透過光纖傳送的射頻訊號。這種系統包括光耦合到多個遠端單元的頭端站。每個遠端單元包括透過光纖鏈結耦合至頭端站的轉發器。在遠端單元的轉發器對射頻訊號而言是透明的。遠端單元透過光到電(O/E)轉換器將傳入的光訊號從光纖鏈結轉換至電子訊號，然後再傳到轉發器。透過耦合到在遠端單元中之轉發器的天線，轉發器將電子訊號轉換成電磁訊號。天線亦從蜂巢覆蓋區域中的客戶端接收電磁訊號(即電磁輻射)並將電磁訊號轉換為電子訊號(即線路中的電子訊號)。然後，遠端單元透過電到光(E/O)轉換器將電子訊號轉換成光訊號。然後光訊號透過光纖鏈結傳送到頭端站。
有線和無線的同級點類比和數位通訊一般是分別對於範圍和覆蓋有所限級。加強有線同級點連接的範圍可能需要複雜的放大及/或重複請求。擴大無線同級點連接的覆蓋通常需要較密集的天線佈署及/或傳輸功率的增加，這可能會被政府法規、無線標準、電池峰值功率和儲能考慮所限制。此外，擴大覆蓋區域可能會由於使用專屬協定(如醫療裝置)而被禁止。
本文揭示之實施例包括光轉換之光纖有線及/或無線通訊系統和增加有線及/或無線同級點通訊系統的範圍的相關方法。在一實施例中，光轉換光纖有線及/或無線通訊系統可能包括具有光轉換觸排的頭端單元(HEU)。多個光纖電纜，該等光纖電纜之每者包括至少一光纖且配置以將一無線電光纖(RoF)訊號從該頭端單元傳遞到多個遠端存取點。該等遠端存取點的一第一存取點係配置以形成一第一同級裝置所位於之一相應的第一蜂巢式覆蓋區域。該等遠端存取點的一第二存取點係配置以形成一第二同級裝置所位於之一相應的第二、不同的蜂巢式覆蓋區域。該光轉換觸排係配置以透過該等光纖電纜之至少一者動態建立一基於RoF的光鏈結，以使該第一覆蓋區域中的該第一同級裝置至少部分透過該基於RoF的光鏈結與該第二覆蓋區域中的該第二同級裝置通訊。
本文揭示之另一實施例提供一種賦能在一第一覆蓋區域中的一第一同級裝置與在一第二、不同覆蓋區域中的一第二同級裝置之間通訊的方法。該方法可包括以下步驟：透過多個光纖電纜，將多個遠端存取點光連接至一頭端單元(HEU)，該等光纖電纜之每者包括至少一光纖並配置以從該HEU傳遞一無線電光纖(RoF)訊號至該等遠端存取點。形成與該等遠端存取點之一第一存取點相關的一第一覆蓋區域。形成與該等遠端存取點之一第二存取點相關但不同於該第一覆蓋區域的一第二覆蓋區域。接收一請求，以建立第一同級裝置與第二同級裝置之間的通訊，並回應於該請求，透過該等光纖電纜之至少一者，動態建立一基於RoF的光鏈結，以允許該第一同級裝置至少部分透過該基於RoF的光鏈結與該第二同級裝置通訊。
本文揭示的系統和方法可配置以克服傳統的有線及/或無線(「有線/無線」)同級點通訊的局限性，其係透過結合光纖的低損耗、高頻寬性質與適當的光轉換網路以提高覆蓋區域(在需要之處)。在一實施例中，光轉換之光纖有線/無線通訊系統是基於RoF的連接系統。在另一實施例中，基於RoF的鏈結系統幾乎是協定透明的(即獨立於協定)。
光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統和方法可能包括密集的光纖電纜部署(如在微微蜂巢中)，其可促進蜂巢間(cell-to-cell)、同級點(peer-to-peer)通訊。透過利用光轉換之光纖有線/無線通訊系統的光纖電纜架構(如RoF無線區域網路(WLAN)微微蜂巢式系統)，同級點通訊的範圍可延伸至蜂巢間。在這方面，在任何兩個蜂巢中的裝置可以獨立於其實體距離而在同級點模式通訊，使得同級點範圍擴展到整個室內安裝區域。
此外，光轉換之光纖有線/無線通訊系統和方法可以使用幾乎透明於無線協定的光學電纜鏈結，因而消除了專屬協定合規要求。因此，在沒有任何基礎設施升級的情況下可支援廣泛的現有應用程式/裝置，其包括轉換的視頻連接、具網際網路連接之轉換視頻、同級點專屬協定裝置(如醫療)、同級點視頻會議、及廣播能力(行動和視頻)。此外，沒有任何基礎設施升級的情況下，未來的應用/裝置是可能的。
光轉換的光纖有線/無線通訊系統和方法利用區域無線網路(如WLAN)來開始同級點轉換，因為轉換只需要非常低的資料傳輸速率連接。可以支援多種輸入選項，如無線電頻率(RF)電纜/天線輸入、光纖輸入、及電力輸入。可以使用多種輸出選項，包括射頻電纜/天線輸出、具光/電轉換的光纖輸出、具E/O轉換旁路的光纖輸出、以及電力輸出。光轉換之光纖有線/無線通訊系統可升級到更高的頻率，例如60 GHz。
額外的功能和優勢將載於隨後的「實施方式」中，熟習本技術領域者將自「實施方式」或實施本文描述實施例(包括描述如下的實施方式、申請專利範圍以及附圖)明白本發明。
應理解到，上述的一般說明和下面的詳細描述呈現實施例，並旨在提供概述或框架用於理解本揭示之本質及特性。隨附圖式提供進一步的理解，且納入並構成本說明書的一部分。圖式說明各種實施例，連同實施方式用來解釋本文所揭示的原則和運作概念。
以下將參考實施例，其範例係繪示於隨附圖式中，其中繪示一些但並非所有的實施例。事實上，這些概念可以許多不同的形式實現，不應被理解為限制，而是提供這些實施例以使本揭露符合適用的法律規定。相同的參考標號是指相同的組件或部件。
本文所揭示實施例包括光轉換光纖有線及/或無線通訊系統和方法，以增加有線及/或無線同級點通訊系統的範圍。在一實施例中，光轉換光纖有線及/或無線通訊系統可包括具有光轉換觸排的頭端單元(HEU)。多個光纖電纜，該等光纖電纜之每者包括至少一光纖且配置以將一無線電光纖(RoF)訊號從該頭端單元傳遞到多個遠端存取點。該等遠端存取點的一第一存取點係配置以形成一第一同級裝置所位於之一相應的第一覆蓋區域。該等遠端存取點的一第二存取點係配置以形成一第二同級裝置所位於之一相應的第二、不同的蜂巢式覆蓋區域。該光轉換觸排係配置以透過該等光纖電纜之至少一者動態建立一基於RoF的光鏈結，以使該第一覆蓋區域中的該第一同級裝置至少部分透過該基於RoF的光鏈結與該第二覆蓋區域中的該第二同級裝置通訊。透過結合光纖低損耗、高頻寬特性與適當的光轉換網路以提高覆蓋區域(視需要)，這些系統和方法可以克服傳統的有線/無線同級點通訊的局限性。在一實施例中，光轉換的光纖有線/無線通訊系統是基於RoF的鏈結系統。在另一實施例中，基於RoF的鏈結系統幾乎是協定透明的(即獨立於協定)。
在討論圖4有關光轉換光纖有線及/或無線通訊系統的範例實施例的細節之前，先討論圖1-3以描述基於光纖之無線微微蜂巢式系統。圖1繪示基於光纖的無線微微蜂巢系統10的範例實施例示意圖(也稱為「系統10」)。系統10包括頭端單元(HEU)20、一或多個轉發器或遠端天線單元30(或稱「遠端單元30」、及將HEU 20耦合至遠端單元30的光纖射頻(RF)通訊鏈結36。正如下文所詳細討論，系統10有微微蜂巢40，大致以遠端單元30為中心。遠端單元30形成微微蜂巢覆蓋區域44。HEU 20適於執行或促進任何射頻光纖應用，如無線電頻率辨識(RFID)、無線區域網路(WLAN)通訊、藍芽、或蜂巢式電話服務。微微蜂巢40內所示的是裝置45。裝置45可為手持通訊裝置(如蜂巢式電話或個人數位助理(PDA))、個人電腦、視頻監控、或有能力與與同級裝置通訊的任何其他裝置。裝置45可能有與其相關的天線46。
雖然本文述及之實施例包括任何類型的光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統(包括任何類型的RoF系統)，圖2提供範例RoF分散式通訊系統11，以方便討論可賦能不同蜂巢中兩個裝置之間的同級點通訊的環境。圖2包括建立基礎設施的部分示意圖，其通常代表於其中可利用和使用RoF分散式通訊系統11的任何類型建築物。基礎設施12包括第一層14、第二層16、和第三層18。樓層14、16、18是透過主配線架22由HEU 20服務，以在基礎設施12中提供覆蓋區域24。為方便說明，圖2中僅繪示樓層14、16、18的天花板。
在範例實施例中，HEU 20是位於基礎設施12中，而在另一範例實施例中，HEU 20是位於基礎設施12的外部遠端位置。基地收發站台(BTS)25(其可由諸如行動電話服務供應商之第二方提供)連接到HEU 20，並可以設在同一地點或位於HEU 20的遠端。在典型的蜂巢式系統，例如，多個基地收發站台是部署在多個遠端位置，以提供無線電話的覆蓋。每個基地收發站台提供了相應的蜂巢，當行動站進入蜂巢時，基地收發站台與行動站通訊。每個基地收發站台包括至少一無線電收發器，用於賦能與在相關蜂巢內運作之一或多個訂閱者單元的通訊。
主電纜26允許多個光纖電纜32分散於基礎設施12至遠端單元30，以提供覆蓋區域24給第一、第二和第三樓層14、16和18。每個遠端單元30服務在覆蓋區域24中的其自有的覆蓋區域。主電纜26可包括上升電纜28，傳遞全部的上行鏈路和下行鏈路光纖電纜32往返HEU 20。主電纜26可以包括一或多個多重電纜(MC)連接器，適於連接下行鏈路和上行鏈路至一些光纖電纜32。在此實施例，提供互連單元(ICU)34給每個樓層14、16、18，ICU 34包括光纖電纜端口的被動光纖互連。光纖電纜32可以包括相配的連接器。在範例實施例中，上升電纜28包括36個下行鏈路和36個上行鏈路光纖，而6個光纖電纜32之每者攜帶6個下行鏈路及6個上行鏈路以服務6個遠端單元30。每個光纖光纜32依次連接到多個遠端單元30，每者具有天線以提供總覆蓋區域24。
在這個例子中，透過從一或多個外部網路21傳遞(或調節然後傳遞)這些訊號至覆蓋區域24，HEU 20提供電力無線電頻率(RF)服務訊號。HEU 20是電耦合到HEU 20內的電到光(E/O)轉換器38，HEU 20從一或多個外部網路21接收電子RF服務訊號，並將其轉換為相應的光學訊號。光學訊號透過上升電纜28傳輸至ICU 34。ICU 34包括光纖電纜端口的被動光纖互連，其透過光纖電纜32傳遞光學訊號至遠端單元30以提供覆蓋區域24。在範例實施例中，E/O轉換器38包括雷射，適合提供足夠的動態範圍用於RoF應用，並可能包括電耦合至雷射的雷射驅動器/放大器。適合E/O轉換器38的雷射包括雷射二極管、分散式回饋(DFB)雷射、FP雷射、及垂直腔表面發射雷射(VCSEL)。
HEU 20適於執行或協助任何RoF應用，包括但不限於無線電頻率辨識裝置(RFIDs)、無線區域網路(WLAN)通訊、藍芽®及/或蜂巢式電話服務。在一特定範例實施例中，這包括提供WLAN訊號分配，如IEEE 802.11標準，即頻率範圍從2.4至2.5GHz和5.0至6.0GHz。在另一例子中，HEU 20透過直接產生訊號來提供電力RF服務訊號。在另一例子中，HEU 20協調覆蓋區域24內客戶端裝置之間的電力RF服務訊號整傳遞。
可以變化光纖和光纖電纜32的數量，以適應不同的應用，包括增設第二、第三或更多的HEU 20。在這個例子中，RoF分散式通訊系統11整合多個HEU 20以提供各類無線服務給覆蓋區域24。HEU 20可以主/從安排來配置，其中一HEU 20是主，其他HEU 20是從。此外，根據所欲配置和所欲覆蓋區域24蜂巢的數量，可提供一或多個HEU 20。
圖3繪示圖1之基於光纖之微微蜂巢式系統10的範例實施例示意圖。在這個範例實施例中，HEU 20包括服務單元50，提供電力射頻服務訊號用於特定的無線服務或應用。如下所述，服務單元50透過從一或多個外部網路223傳遞(或調節然後傳遞)這些訊號來提供電力射頻服務訊號。在一特定實施例，這可能包括提供範圍為3.1至10.6GHz的超寬頻脈衝回應(ultra wide band-impulse response,UWB-IR)訊號分散。其他訊號分散也是可能的，包括IEEE 802.11標準的WLAN訊號分散，即頻率範圍從2.4到2.5 GHz和5.0到6.0 GHz。在另一實施例中，服務單元50可透過直接產生訊號來提供電力射頻服務訊號。
服務單元50電耦合到電/光轉換器60，電/光轉換器60從服務單元50接收電力射頻服務訊號並將其轉換為相應的光訊號，這部分將進一步詳細說明於後。在範例實施例中，在E/O轉換器60包括雷射60，適合提供足夠的動態範圍用於RF光纖應用，並可能包括雷射驅動器/放大器，電耦合至雷射。適合用於E/O轉換器60的例子包括雷射二極管、分散式回饋(DFB)雷射、FP雷射、垂直腔表面發射雷射(VCSEL)。
HEU 20還包括O/E轉換器62，電耦合到服務單元50。O/E轉換器62接收光射頻訊號，並將其轉換成相應的電子訊號。在一實施例中，O/E轉換器62是一光檢器或是電耦合到線性放大器的光檢器。E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62構成「轉換器對」66。
在範例實施例中，服務單元50包括射頻訊號調制/解調器單元70，產生給定頻率的RF載波，然後調制射頻訊號到載體。調制器/解調器單元70也解調收到的RF訊號。服務單元50還包括數位訊號處理單元(「數位訊號處理器」)72、中央處理單元(CPU)74用於處理資料和執行邏輯和計算操作、及記憶單元76用於儲存諸如系統設定、狀態資訊、RFID標籤資訊之資料。在範例實施例中，與不同的訊號通道相關的不同頻率係由調制器/解調器單元70所建立，其根據CPU74的指令而產生不同的射頻載波頻率。此外，正如下文所述，與特定的組合微微蜂巢相關的共同頻率係由產生相同的RF載波頻率的調制器/解調器單元70所建立。
繼續參照圖3，在一實施例中，遠端單元30包括轉換器對66，其中E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62是透過射頻訊號指示元件106(例如循環器)電耦合到天線系統100。射頻訊號指示元件106旨在引導下行鏈路和上行鏈路電子射頻服務訊號，討論如下。在範例實施例中，天線系統100包括整合至光纖陣列電纜的寬頻(3.1至10.6 GHz)天線。
遠端單元30可能是典型的存取點裝置，或典型的存取點裝置的一部分。在一實施例中，遠端單元30可能是典型的無線區域網路存取點。在另一實施例中，遠端單元30可能是典型的寬頻存取點，或超寬頻(UWB)存取點。在另一實施例中，遠端單元30可能是共存(包括WLAN和寬頻UWB)的存取點。遠端單元30可能是能夠形成微微蜂巢或大致以遠端單元30為中心的其他蜂巢覆蓋區域的任何裝置，微微蜂巢或其他蜂巢覆蓋區域內的裝置可以與遠端單元30通訊。在進一步的實施例中，遠端單元30與無線通訊系統相關之典型存取點裝置的不同之處在於遠端單元30的較佳實施例只有幾個訊號調節元件且不具數位資訊處理能力。資訊處理能力是位於遠端的HEU 20中，在一特定例子中是在服務單元50。這允許遠端單元30非常緊湊且幾乎是不用維護。此外，遠端單元30的較佳範例實施例功耗極低、對射頻訊號而言是透明的、且無需本地電源。
再次參考圖3，光纖射頻通訊鏈結136的範例實施例包括具有下行鏈路光纖輸入端138和下行鏈路光纖輸出端140的下行鏈路光纖136D，及具有上行鏈路光纖輸入端142和上行鏈路光纖輸出端144的上行鏈路光纖136U。下行鏈路和上行鏈路光纖136D和136U將在HEU 20的轉換器對66光耦合到在遠端單元30的轉換器對66。具體來說，下行鏈路光纖輸入端138光耦合到HEU 20的E/O轉換器60，而下行鏈路光纖輸出端140光耦合到在遠端單元30的O/E轉換器62。類似地，上行鏈路光纖輸入端142光耦合到在遠端單元30的E/O轉換器60，而上行鏈路光纖輸出端144光耦合到在HEU 20的O/E轉換器62。
在一實施例中，系統10採用已知的電信波長，如850nm、1300nm或1550nm。在另一範例實施例中，系統10利用其他不太常見但適當的波長，如980nm。
系統10的範例實施例包括單模光纖或多模光纖用於下行和上行鏈路光纖136D及136U。光纖的特定類型取決於系統10的應用。對於許多建築內的部署應用，最大傳輸距離一般不超過300米。當考慮使用多模光纖於下行和上行鏈路光纖136D及136U時，需要考慮所欲射頻光纖傳輸的最大長度。例如，已知1400MHz/km多模光纖頻寬產品已足夠用於高達300m的5.2GHz的傳輸。
在一實施例中，50μm的多模光纖是用於下行和上行鏈路光纖136D及136U，E/O轉換器60使用指定用於10Gb/s資料傳輸的VCSEL在850nm運作。在一更具體的範例實施例中，OM3 50μm多模光纖是用於下行和上行鏈路光纖136D及136U。
系統10還包括電源供應160，產生電功率訊號162。電源供應160電耦合至HEU 20，用於供電其中的功率消耗元件。在一實施例中，電線168穿過HEU 20至遠端單元30以供電給在轉換對66中的E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62，可選的射頻訊號指示元件106(除非可選的射頻訊號指示元件106是諸如循環器之被動裝置)，以及任何其他耗電元件(未圖示)。範例實施例中，電線168包括線路170和172，承載單一電壓且電耦合到在遠端單元30的直流電源轉換器180。直流電源轉換器180是電耦合到在遠端單元30的E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62，並改變電子訊號162的電壓或位準為在遠端單元30的耗電元件所要求的功率位準。在一實施例，取決於電線168所傳遞之電子訊號162的類型，直流電源轉換器180是DC/DC電源轉換器或AC/DC電源轉換器。範例實施例中，電線168包括標準的電力傳遞電線，如用於標準電信和其他應用的18-2AWG(American Wire Gauge)。在另一範例實施例中，電線168(圖3虛線所示)從電源160直接到遠端單元30，而不是從或透過HEU 20。在另一範例實施例中，電線168包括多個電線並載有多個電壓。
在另一實施例中，HEU 20透過網路連接224操作地耦合到外部網路223。
參考圖1和圖3的基於光纖之無線微微蜂巢式系統，服務單元50產生對應其特定應用的電子下行射頻服務訊號SD(電子訊號SD)。在一實施例中，這是透過數位訊號處理器72來達成，數位訊號處理器72提供調制到射頻載波以產生所欲電子訊號SD的電子訊號(未圖示)給調制器/解調器單元70。電子訊號SD是由E/O轉換器60所接收，其轉換電子訊號SD成相應的光學下行鏈路射頻訊號SD'(光學訊號SD')，然後將其耦合到在輸入端138的下行鏈路光纖136D。在一實施例中，光訊號SD'具有給定的調制索引。此外，在範例實施例中，控制E/O轉換器60的調制電源(例如透過一或多個增益控制放大器(未圖示))以變化來自天線系統100的發射功率。在範例實施例中，變化提供給天線系統100的電量，以定義相關微微蜂巢40的大小，在範例實施例中，其範圍從約一米到約二十米。
光訊號SD’經過下行鏈路光纖136D到輸出端140，在此由遠端單元30中的O/E轉換器62所接收。O/E轉換器62將光訊號SD’轉換回電訊號SD，然後電訊號SD會傳播到射頻訊號指示元件106。射頻訊號指示元件106指示電訊號SD到天線系統100。電訊號SD會輸入到天線系統100，使其發射相應的電磁下行鏈路射頻訊號SD”(電磁訊號SD”)。
當裝置45是位於微微蜂巢40內時，由天線46接收電磁訊號SD”。天線46將電磁訊號SD”轉換成裝置45中的電子訊號SD，並處理電子訊號SD。裝置45可產生電子上行鏈路射頻訊號SU，其被天線46轉換成電磁上行射頻訊號SU”(電磁訊號SU”)。
當裝置45是在微微蜂巢40內時，電磁訊號SU”是由在遠端單元30中的天線系統100所偵測到，其將電磁訊號SU”轉換回電子訊號SU。電子訊號SU由RF訊號指示元件指示至在遠端單元30中的E/O轉換器，E/O轉換器將此電子訊號轉換成相應的光學上行射頻訊號SU’(光學訊號SU’)，然後會被耦合至上行鏈路光纖136U的輸入端142。光學訊號SU’經過上行鏈路光纖136U到輸出端144，在此由在HEU 20的O/E轉換器62所接收。O/E轉換器62將光學訊號SU’轉換回電子訊號SU，然後將其引導到服務單元50。服務單元50接收和處理電子訊號SU，在一實施例中可包含一或多個以下步驟：儲存訊號資訊；數位處理或調整訊號；透過網路連接224將訊號發送到一或多個外部網路；及發送訊號到微微蜂巢覆蓋區域44中的一或多個裝置45。在範例實施例中，電子訊號SU的處理包括在調制器/解調器單元70中解調電子訊號SU，然後在數位訊號處理器72中處理解調訊號。
圖4-6說明獨立於協定之RoF無線存在的三個實施例。所有這些實施例具有WLAN請求轉換網路以發起獨立於協定的同級點連接。
圖4繪示使用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以允許在同級點裝置之間的專屬協定資料傳輸。在圖4，同級裝置202是位於不同於同級裝置204的蜂巢覆蓋區域。當同級裝置202是在存取點208所定義的第一蜂巢內時，同級裝置202可透過無線連接(由虛線表示)與存取點208通訊。當同級裝置204是在存取點210所定義的第二蜂巢內時，同級裝置204可透過無線連接(由虛線表示)與存取點210通訊。當存取點208和210可以是寬頻存取點，或寬頻轉發器。在一實施例，存取點208和210可以類似於圖3的遠端單元30，其中遠端單元30包括轉換器對66，其中E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62是透過諸如循環器之射頻訊號指示元件106電耦合到天線系統100。
存取點208和210透過光纖電纜中的光纖而光耦合到HEU 20(以存取點208和210與HEU 20之間的實線代表)。在一實施例中，光纖可以類似於圖2及/或3所示之方式而將存取點208和210連接至HEU 20。圖4繪示使用不同於同級裝置202之裝置200(如PDA或行動電話)來請求同級點交換的示意圖。裝置200發送同級點請求到WLAN存取點206(如虛線所示)。WLAN存取點206透過光纖電纜中的光纖而光耦合到HEU 20(以WLAN存取點206與HEU 20之間的實線代表)，使得同級點請求從WLAN存取點206發送至HEU 20。
當HEU 20接收同級點請求時，光轉換觸排212動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點208和210，以使與存取點208和210相關的同級裝置202和204可與對方通訊。一旦光轉換觸排212動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點208和210，同級裝置202可使用同級裝置202和存取點208可使用的任何協定而與存取點208無線連接，同級裝置204可使用同級裝置204和存取點210可使用的任何協定而與存取點210無線連接。在這種方式下，透過建立兩個不同蜂巢的存取點208和210之間的動態光鏈結的光轉換觸排212，使用不同的無線協定，可賦能不同蜂巢中的同級裝置202和204之間的同級點通訊。
此情境可用於醫療應用，如醫院或其他醫療機構，使用PDA的醫生可要求將儲存在遠端專屬裝置上的高解晰度影像(X光、MRI等)顯示於床頭基於專屬協定的監視器。例如，同級裝置202可具有儲存有X射線資料的電腦於醫院的記錄區域。透過使用圖4所示的系統，來自同級裝置202的資料可傳送到同級裝置204，其可為病房內的電腦終端或其他監視器或顯示器，且是在與同級裝置202所處之記錄室的不同樓層。
圖5繪示使用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以允許在同級點裝置之間的視頻會議。圖5中，同級裝置302是位於與同級裝置304的不同蜂巢中。當同級裝置302是在存取點308所定義的第一蜂巢中時，同級裝置302可透過無線連接(由虛線表示)與同級點308通訊。當同級裝置304是在存取點310所定義的第二蜂巢中時，同級裝置304可透過無線連接(由虛線表示)與同級點310通訊。存取點308和310可能是寬頻存取點或寬頻轉發器。在一實施例中，存取點308和310可能類似於圖3所述之遠端單元30，其中遠端單元30包括轉換器對66，其中E/O轉換器60和O/E轉換器62是透過諸如循環器之射頻訊號指示元件106而電耦合到天線系統100。
存取點308和310是透過在光纖電纜中的光纖(以存取點308和310與HEU 20之間的實線代表)光耦合到HEU 20。在一實施例中，光纖可以類似於圖2及/或3所示的方式將存取點308和310連接至HEU 20。圖5所示的範例系統與圖4所示的範例系統類似。圖5與圖4所示之情境的不同之處在同級裝置302或304之一者發起連接，而非請求不同的裝置(如PDA)。這適用於同級裝置302和304都具有無線區域網路存取和寬頻無線(可能是專屬協定)網路且想要參與視頻會議的情況下。因此，在一實施例中，同級裝置302和304可為計算裝置(如筆記型電腦)，存取點308和310可為寬頻存取點，存取點306和314可為無線區域網路存取點。例如，圖5的實施例可以透過允許筆記型電腦將同級點連接的請求置於低資料速率的網路而利用對於視頻應用程式而言為不足的現有低資料速率無線區域網路(如802.11b)，並透過基於無線/UWB USB之同級點寬頻較高資訊速率網路來傳輸視頻資訊。因此，在圖5中，同級裝置302或304之一發起同級點通訊的請求。同級裝置302發送通訊請求到無線區域網路存取點306，或是同級裝置304發送通訊請求到無線區域網路存取點314(如細虛線所示)。無線區域網路存取點306和314透過在光纖光纜中的光纖而光耦合到HEU 20(以無線區域網路存取點306與HEU 20及無線區域網路存取點314與HEU 20之間的實線表示)，使得同級點請求是從無線區域網路存取點306或無線區域網路存取點314發送至HEU 20。
當HEU 20接收同級點請求時，光轉換觸排312動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點308和310，使得與存取點308和310相關的同級裝置302和304可以互相通訊。一旦光轉換觸排312動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點308和310，同級裝置302可使用同級裝置302和存取點308可使用的任何協定而與存取點308無線連接，同級裝置304可使用同級裝置304和存取點310可使用的任何協定而與存取點310無線連接。在這種方式下，透過建立兩個不同蜂巢的存取點308和310之間的動態光鏈結的光轉換觸排312，使用不同的無線協定，可賦能不同蜂巢中的同級裝置302和304之間的同級點通訊。
圖6繪示使用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以透過共同存在的存取點允許在同級點裝置之間的通訊。圖6中，同級裝置402是位於與同級裝置404的不同蜂巢中。當同級裝置402是在存取點408所定義的第一蜂巢中時，同級裝置402可透過無線連接(由虛線表示)與同級點408通訊。當同級裝置404是在存取點410所定義的第二蜂巢中時，同級裝置404可透過無線連接(由右邊的虛線表示)與同級點410通訊。存取點408和410可為共存的存取點。在一實施例中，存取點408和410可能同時有無線區域網路和寬頻(如寬頻UWB)的能力。存取點408和410是透過在光纖電纜中的光纖(以存取點408和410與HEU 20之間的實線代表)光耦合到HEU 20。在存取點408是共存的存取點的實施例中，過濾器409可用於分開寬頻訊號(例如2.4兆赫的訊號)與無線區域網路訊號(如802.11訊號)，無線區域網路訊號可透過光纖電纜從共存存取點408接收。在存取點410是共存存取點的實施例中，過濾器411可用於分開寬頻訊號(例如2.4兆赫的訊號)與無線區域網路訊號(如802.11訊號)，無線區域網路訊號可透過光纖電纜從共存存取點410接收。在一實施例中，基於接收自同級裝置402和404的訊號頻率，HEU 20自動決定同級裝置402和404之間的通訊是可能的。在一實施例中，HEU 20可感測從同級裝置402和404接收的訊號的無線電頻帶內容，其中同級裝置係位於每一蜂巢中。透過經由基於RoF的光纖鏈結，使用光轉換觸排412以連接具有共同無線電頻段的蜂巢，HEU 20可自動決定一轉換配置。這種自動連接不需要來自同級裝置402或404之一者或第三裝置的請求。在一實施例中，光纖可以類似於圖2及/或3所示之方式而將存取點408和410連接至HEU 20。圖6與圖4和5所示之範例系統類似。圖6與圖5所示之情境的不同之處在於僅使用具有共存能力的一網路來代替兩個個別的網路，且可從WLAN訊號過濾出寬頻訊號。例如，圖5所示之視頻會議應用範例也適用於圖6。
當HEU 20透過存取點408或410自同級裝置402或404接收同級點請求時，轉換觸排412動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點408和410，以使與存取點408和410相關的同級裝置402和404可以互相通訊。一旦轉換觸排412動態選擇合適的光纖以連接存取點408和410，同級裝置402可獨立於協定而與存取點408無線通訊。在這種方式下，在不同綘巢中使用不同無線協定的同級裝置402與404之間的同級通訊是透過轉換觸排412而賦能，其中轉換觸排412建立兩個不同蜂巢的存取點408與410之間的動態光鏈結。
圖7繪示在光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU處之光轉換觸排的範例實施例的示意圖。在圖7中，光纖電纜702-1到702-n及704-1到704-n將HEU 20光耦合至N個同級裝置的存取點。例如，光纖電纜702-1將HEU 20光耦合至同級裝置1的存取點，光纖電纜704-n將HEU 20光耦合至同級裝置N的存取點。在一實施例，光纖電纜702-1到702-n及704-1到704-n之每者具有傳輸光纖和接收光纖。例如，光纖電纜702-1具有光傳輸光纖702t和光接收光纖702r，光纖電纜704-n具有光傳輸光纖704t和光接收光纖704r。因此，圖7說明當同級裝置1請求與同級裝置N通訊時是如何在HEU 20處接收，透過將與同級裝置1相關的光傳輸光纖702t和光接收光纖702r耦合至與同級裝置N相關的光接收光纖704r和光傳輸光纖704t，光轉換觸排712將動態鏈接同級裝置1與同級裝置N所位於之兩個蜂巢。在一實施例中，HEU 20可包括光放大器706。在一實施例中，當期望能夠賦能大於300米的同級裝置之間的通訊時，可加入光放大器706。
圖8繪示使用光學放大及在光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU處分開以用於廣播視頻至同級點裝置的範例實施例的示意圖。在圖8中，傳入光纖電纜802將提供視頻源(未圖示)的裝置耦合至HEU 20。在一實施例中，光纖電纜802可包括光傳輸光纖802t和光接收光纖802r。圖8的的HEU 20包括視頻廣播單元806，視頻廣播單元806將自光傳輸光纖802t傳入的視頻分開為多個傳出光纖電纜804-1至804-n，每者可光耦合到同級裝置。每個光纖電纜804-1至804-n具有傳送和接收光纖。例如，光纖電纜804-1具有光傳輸光纖804-1t及光接收光纖804-1r，光纖電纜804-n具有光傳輸光纖804-nt和光接收光纖804nr。因此，圖8說明光耦合到視頻源的HEU 20可經由光纖播放視頻(如高清晰度(HD)電視(HDTV)、視頻會議等)到不同位置的多個同級裝置。在一實施例中，視頻廣播單元806也可提供視頻訊號的放大。注意到，在圖8某些視頻廣播的實施例中，並不是需要使用所有的光傳輸和接收光纖。例如，在使用圖8的實施例廣播視頻訊號時，不一定要使用光纖電纜802的光傳輸光纖802t以及光傳輸光纖804-1t至804-nt。
圖9繪示光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，其繪示在兩個不同位置的HEU與寬頻轉發器之間的範例連接。在圖9，HEU 20光耦合到可能在不同的蜂巢覆蓋區域的寬頻轉發器906和914。寬頻轉發器906和914之每者透過光纖電纜900而光耦合到HEU 20，光纖電纜900具有電源線902和一或多個光纖904。寬頻轉發器906具有射頻輸入/輸出908，在一實施例中，射頻輸入/輸出908可為射頻天線、DC輸入/輸出910、和光纖輸入/輸出912。寬頻轉發器914具有射頻輸入/輸出916，在一實施例中，射頻輸入/輸出916可為射頻天線、DC輸入/輸出918、和光纖輸入/輸出920。
圖10繪示寬頻轉發器的範例實施例的示意圖，其可用於光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例中。圖10繪示圖9寬頻轉發器914之具有更多內部細節之實施例。圖9的寬頻轉發器906可能類似於寬頻轉發器914。具有電線902和光纖904的光纖電纜900將寬頻轉發器914光耦合至HEU 20(如圖9所示)。寬頻轉發器914可以有射頻輸入/輸出916In和916Out，在一實施例中，射頻輸入/輸出916In和916Out可為射頻天線、DC輸入/輸出918、和光纖輸入/輸出920In和920Out。在一實施例中，寬頻轉發器914可能還包括雷射二極管922、光偵測器924、轉換阻抗放大器926。在一實施例中，光轉換器905和907賦能射頻輸入/輸出916In和916Out與光纖輸入/輸出920In和920Out之間的選擇。
圖11繪示光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU的範例實施例的示意圖。圖11繪示範例HEU的細節，可賦能在N個蜂巢覆蓋區域中的同級裝置之間的通訊。圖11所示之HEU 20可用於圖5所示之光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例。圖11所示之HEU 20包括同級點請求處理器1100和光轉換觸排1102。同級點請求處理器1100處理自同級裝置接收之通訊請求。同級點請求處理器1100和光轉換觸排1102能夠提供不同蜂巢覆蓋區域內獨立於協定的同級裝置之間的高頻寬同級點連接。HEU 20可以透過光纖1104接收或發送訊號到外部網路。傳送光纖1110和接收光纖1112將HEU 20光耦合到WLAN存取點或轉發器用於在第一蜂巢覆蓋區域的第一同級裝置。E/O轉換單元1106和O/E轉換單元1108提供任何必要的E/O或O/E轉換。接收光纖1114和傳輸光纖1116將HEU 20光耦合到寬頻存取點或轉發器用於第一同級裝置。接收光纖1118和傳送光纖1120將HEU 20光耦合到寬頻存取點或轉發器用於在第二蜂巢覆蓋區域的第二同級裝置。接收光纖1126和傳送光纖1128將HEU 20光耦合到WLAN存取點或轉發器用於第二同級裝置。O/E轉換單元1122和E/O轉換單元1124提供任何必要的E/O或O/E轉換。可以理解，如果有多於兩個的同級裝置，可以有額外的光纖集合。
圖12繪示基於無線電光纖之無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖。圖12顯示基於RoF的無線現有通訊系統的實施例。多個同級裝置1202、1204、1206、1208、1210、1212和1214之每者是在不同的蜂巢覆蓋區域。它們可能是在建築物中的不同房間內，甚至是在建築物的不同樓層。在一實施例中，多個同級裝置1202、1204、1206、1208、1210、1212和1214之每者是位於能夠透過寬頻轉發器和無線轉發器進行無線通訊的位置，如WLAN、WiMAX和蜂巢轉發器。例如，同級裝置1202是位於由寬頻轉發器1202B定義之蜂巢覆蓋區域，無線轉發器1202W是位於同級裝置1202能夠透過寬頻轉發器1202B和無線轉發器1202W進行無線通訊的位置。其他同級裝置1204、1206、1208、1210、1212和1214之每者亦與寬頻轉發器和無線區域網路轉發器相關，使得其他同級裝置1204、1206、1208、1210、1212和1214之每者可透過寬頻轉發器和無線轉發器進行無線通訊。實線表示典型的RoF無線部署，虛線表示使用光交換光纖有線/無線通訊系統透過近於協定透明的RoF技術的同級點光纖連接。典型的RoF無線部署透過光纖1200連接各個房間或蜂巢至外部網路，而光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統(如虛線所示)允許房間與房間或蜂巢與蜂巢的不同蜂巢覆蓋區域中裝置之間的通訊，或在相同蜂巢覆蓋區域中使用不同通訊協定的裝置之間。
因此，透過使用光轉換RoF有線/無線通訊系統，可增加同級點通訊系統的覆蓋範圍。透過使用HEU中的光轉換觸排以設立兩個不同蜂巢中的轉發器之間的動態鏈接，兩個不同蜂巢中的裝置可以經由HEU透過光纖互相通訊。透過結合光纖低損耗、高頻寬的特性與適當的光轉換網路，此系統克服傳統有線/無線同級點的局限，以提高覆蓋區域(在需要之處)。透過利用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的光纖電纜結構(如RoF WLAN微微蜂巢系統)，同級點通訊範當延長至蜂巢與蜂巢之間。這意味著在任何兩個蜂巢中的裝置可獨立於其實體距離而在同級點模式進行通訊，使得同級點範圍擴展到整個室內安裝區域。此外，光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統使用近乎透明於無線協定的光纜鏈結，因此不需要專屬協定規範要求。
本文使用的術語「光纖電纜」及/或「光纖」包括所有類型的單一模式及多模式光波導，包括一或多個光纖，光纖在電纜中可為無鍍膜、有色、緩衝、帶狀及/或具有其他組織或保護結構，如一或多個管、強度構件、護套或類似物。類似地，其他類型的合適光纖包括彎曲不敏感光纖或任何其他適宜用於傳輸光訊號的媒體。彎曲不敏感光纖之一例是康寧公司的ClearCurve多模光纖。
利用呈現於前文描述和相關圖式的教示，熟習實施例所屬之技術領域者將明白本文所述的許多修改及其他實施例。因此，可以理解，前文之描述和請求項並不限於揭示之特定實施例，且修改和其他實施例是包括在請求項的範圍之內。實施例在後附請求項及其均等物的範圍內時，其係意欲包括實施例的任何修改及變化。雖然本文使用特定的術語，僅係作為通用及描述用語，而不是為了限制。
10．．．無線微微蜂巢系統
12．．．基礎設施
14-18．．．樓層
20．．．HEU
22．．．主配線架
702．．．光纖電纜
704．．．光纖電纜
706．．．光放大器
802．．．傳入光纖電纜
806．．．視頻廣播單元
24．．．覆蓋區域
25．．．基地收發站台
26．．．主電纜
28．．．上升電纜
30．．．遠端單元
32．．．下行鏈路光纖電纜
34．．．互連單元
40．．．微微蜂巢
44．．．微微蜂巢覆蓋區域
45．．．裝置
46．．．天線
50．．．服務單元
60．．．E/O轉換器
62．．．O/E轉換器
66．．．轉換器對
70．．．射頻訊號調制/解調器單元
72．．．數位訊號處理單元
76．．．記憶單元
100．．．天線系統
136D．．．下行鏈路光纖
136U．．．上行鏈路光纖
900．．．光纖電纜
902．．．電源線
904．．．光纖
905．．．光轉換器
906．．．寬頻轉發器
907．．．光轉換器
908．．．射頻輸入/輸出
910．．．DC輸入/輸出
912．．．光纖輸入/輸出
914．．．寬頻轉發器
916．．．射頻輸入/輸出
918．．．DC輸入/輸出
920．．．光纖輸入/輸出
922．．．雷射二極管
924．．．光偵測器
926．．．轉換阻抗放大器
1104．．．光纖
1106．．．E/O轉換單元
1108．．．O/E轉換單元
1110．．．傳送光纖
1112．．．接收光纖
138．．．下行鏈路光纖輸入端
140．．．下行鏈路光纖輸出端
142．．．輸入端
144．．．輸出端
160．．．電源
162．．．電功率訊號
168．．．電線
170．．．線路
172．．．線路
180．．．直流電源轉換器
1114．．．接收光纖
1116．．．傳輸光纖
1118．．．接收光纖
1120．．．傳送光纖
1122．．．O/E轉換單元
1124．．．E/O轉換單元
1126．．．接收光纖
1128．．．傳送光纖
1200．．．光纖
1212-1214．．．同級裝置
圖1繪示基於光纖的無線微微蜂巢系統的範例實施例示意圖；
圖2繪示範例無線電光纖(RoF)分散式通訊系統的示意圖；
圖3繪示圖1系統的範例實施例的更詳細示意圖，繪示頭端單元(HEU)和圖1範例系統的遠端單元和微微蜂巢式系統；
圖4繪示使用光轉換光纖有線及/或無線(「有線/無線」)通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以允許在同級點裝置之間的專屬協定資料傳輸；
圖5繪示使用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以允許在同級點裝置之間的視頻會議；
圖6繪示使用光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，以透過共同存在的存取點允許在同級點裝置之間的通訊；
圖7繪示在光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU處之光轉換觸排的範例實施例的示意圖；
圖8繪示使用光學放大及在光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU處分開以用於廣播視頻至同級點裝置的範例實施例的示意圖；
圖9繪示光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖，其繪示在兩個不同位置的HEU與寬頻轉發器之間的範例連接；
圖10繪示寬頻轉發器的範例實施例的示意圖，其可用於光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的範例實施例中；
圖11繪示光轉換光纖有線/無線通訊系統的HEU的範例實施例的示意圖；及
圖12繪示基於無線電光纖之無線通訊系統的範例實施例的示意圖。
10．．．無線微微蜂巢系統
30．．．遠端單元
45．．．裝置
46．．．天線
50．．．服務單元
60．．．E/O轉換器
62．．．O/E轉換器
66．．．轉換器對
70．．．射頻訊號調制/解調器單元
72．．．數位訊號處理單元
76．．．記憶單元
100．．．天線系統
136D．．．下行鏈路光纖
136U．．．上行鏈路光纖
138．．．下行鏈路光纖輸入端
140．．．下行鏈路光纖輸出端
142．．．輸入端
144．．．輸出端
160．．．電源
162．．．電功率訊號
168．．．電線
170．．．線路
172．．．線路
180．．．直流電源轉換器
223．．．外部網路

Claims (17)

  1. 一種基於光纖的無線通訊系統，包括：一頭端單元(head-end unit,HEU)，具有一光轉換觸排；及多個光纖電纜，每者包括至少一光纖且每者係配置以將一無線電光纖(RoF)訊號從該頭端單元傳遞到多個遠端存取點，其中該等遠端存取點的一第一存取點係配置以形成一相應的第一覆蓋區域，該等遠端存取點的一第二存取點係配置以形成一相應的第二、不同的覆蓋區域，其中該光轉換觸排係配置以透過該等光纖電纜之至少一者動態建立一基於RoF的光鏈結，以使該第一覆蓋區域中的一第一同級裝置至少部分透過該基於RoF的光鏈結與該第二覆蓋區域中的一第二同級裝置通訊，其中該HEU更配置以從該第一和第二同級裝置的一第一裝置接收一請求，以透過與該第一和第二同級裝置的至少一者相關之至少一無線區域網路(WLAN)存取點而與該第一和第二同級裝置的一第二裝置進行通訊。
  2. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該等遠端存取點的該第一存取點係配置以與該第一同級裝置無線通訊；及該等遠端存取點的該第二存取點係配置以與該第二同級裝置無線通訊。
  3. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該等遠端存取點的該第一存取點和第二存取點是寬頻存取點。
  4. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中當在該HEU接收之來自該第一覆蓋區域中的該第一同級裝置之訊號與接收自該第二覆蓋區域中的該第二同級裝置之訊號具有共同的無線電頻率時，該HEU更配置以自動建立該第一覆蓋區域與該第二覆蓋區域之間的該基於RoF的光鏈結。
  5. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該HEU係透過包括至少一光纖之一光纖電纜而光耦合到該至少一無線區域網路存取點。
  6. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該等遠端存取點的該第一存取點和第二存取點之至少一者是一共存存取點，該共存存取點係配置以透過無線區域網路(WLAN)和寬頻訊號進行通訊。
  7. 如請求項6之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該至少一共存存取點係透過包括至少一光纖之一光纖電纜而光耦合到該HEU。
  8. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該無線 區域網路(WLAN)存取點係配置以接收來自除了該第一和第二同級裝置之外的一裝置之一請求，以建立該第一和第二同級裝置之間的通訊。
  9. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該等遠端存取點之該第一存取點係配置以與該第一同級裝置無線通訊，該第一存取點使用不同於該等遠端存取點之該第二存取點所使用之一無線通訊協定以與該第二同級裝置無線通訊。
  10. 如請求項9之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中由該等遠端存取點之該第一或第二存取點所使用以與該第一或第二同級裝置進行無線通訊的至少一無線通訊協定是一專屬無線通訊協定。
  11. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該HEU更包括一視頻廣播單元，配置以透過包括至少一光纖之多個光纖電纜將在該HEU處所接收之一視頻訊號分散至多個裝置。
  12. 如請求項1之基於光纖的無線通訊系統，其中該等遠端存取單元之至少一者更包括一無線電頻率(RF)輸入/輸出、一DC輸入/輸出、以及一光學輸入/輸出之至少一者。
  13. 一種賦能在一第一覆蓋區域中的一第一同級裝置與在一第二、不同覆蓋區域中的一第二同級裝置之間通訊的方法，包括以下步驟：透過多個光纖電纜，將多個遠端存取點光連接至一頭端單元(HEU)，該等光纖電纜之每者包括至少一光纖並配置以從該HEU傳遞一無線電光纖(RoF)訊號至該等多個遠端存取點；形成與該等遠端存取點之一第一存取點相關的一第一覆蓋區域；形成與該等遠端存取點之一第二存取點相關但不同於該第一覆蓋區域的一第二覆蓋區域；及透過該等光纖電纜之至少一者，動態建立一基於RoF的光鏈結，以允許該第一同級裝置至少部分透過該基於RoF的光鏈結與該第二同級裝置通訊，從不同於該第一和第二同級裝置之一者的一裝置接收一請求，以建立該第一同級裝置與該第二同級裝置間之通訊。
  14. 如請求項13之方法，更包括以下步驟：該等遠端存取點之該第一存取點與該第一同級裝置進行無線通訊，及該等遠端存取點之該第二存取點與該第二同級裝置進行無線通訊。
  15. 如請求項14之方法，更包括以下步驟：從該第一和 第二同級裝置之一者接收一請求，以建立該第一同級裝置與該第二同級裝置間之通訊。
  16. 如請求項13之方法，更包括以下步驟：感測自該第一覆蓋區域中的該第一同級裝置接收之至少一訊號的一無線電頻率及自該第二覆蓋區域中的該第二同級裝置接收之至少一訊號的一無線電頻率；及當自該第一覆蓋區域中的該第一同級裝置接收之至少一訊號的該無線電頻率與自該第二覆蓋區域中的該第二同級裝置接收之至少一訊號的該無線電頻率是共同的無線電頻率時，自動建立該第一覆蓋區域與該第二覆蓋區域之間的該基於RoF的光鏈結。
  17. 如請求項13之方法，更包括以下步驟：在透過包括至少一光纖之一光纖電纜而光耦合到該HEU的一無線區域網路(WLAN)存取點接收一請求，以建立該第一同級裝置與該第二同級裝置之間的通訊。
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