TWI388664B - A method for producing a multi-peptide using a taurine transporter, and a method for producing a pharmaceutical product - Google Patents
A method for producing a multi-peptide using a taurine transporter, and a method for producing a pharmaceutical product Download PDFInfo
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- TWI388664B TWI388664B TW096113111A TW96113111A TWI388664B TW I388664 B TWI388664 B TW I388664B TW 096113111 A TW096113111 A TW 096113111A TW 96113111 A TW96113111 A TW 96113111A TW I388664 B TWI388664 B TW I388664B
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- peptide
- antibody
- taurine transporter
- dna
- amino acid
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Description
本發明係關於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白及編碼倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因,以及使用強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞之製造多胜肽之方法。
使用基因重組技術,生產有效地作為醫藥之蛋白質時,若使用動物細胞時,可以進行原核細胞不能進行之複雜之轉譯後修飾或摺疊,漸漸多用動物細胞作為生產基因重組蛋白質用之宿主細胞。
近年,雖然抗體或生理活性蛋白質等之許多生物醫藥品釋出,但使動物細胞有效率地生產基因重組蛋白質之技術係與生物醫藥品之低成本化相關,約定安定地供給於患者。
因此,要求生產效率高之蛋白質之製造方法。
牛磺酸係魚介類或軟骨動物所含許多胺基酸之一種,為哺乳動物成長之重要營養素。雖不使用於蛋白質合成,但具有高膽固醇血症正常化、降低血壓、解毒作用、維持免疫功能、安定化生體膜、調節神經興奮性、抗氧化性等。於培養細胞中,已知可賦予滲透壓調節及細胞膜安定化(非特許文獻1)。然而,牛磺酸轉運蛋白運作之星狀細胞(astrocytes)初培養細胞之培養基中,即使添加牛磺酸,仍不能說增加牛磺酸取入於細胞內(非特許文獻2),僅添加牛磺酸於培養基係不足夠的。
另一方面,介由牛磺酸轉運蛋白以使培養細胞內取入牛磺酸或其他胺基酸係至今仍未知是不是可寄望提昇培養細胞中所需基因重組蛋白質之產生。
已知幾個牛磺酸轉運蛋白(人類:非特許文獻3,小鼠:非特許文獻4,大鼠:非特許文獻5)、以及該牛磺酸轉運蛋白與取入牛磺酸或β
-丙胺酸等之胺基酸於細胞有關(非特許文獻6),但對於倉鼠之牛磺酸轉運蛋白,包含它的存在仍然末知。
〔非特許文獻1〕Ian Henry Lambert,Neurochemical Research(2004)29(1),27-63〔非特許文獻2〕Journal of Neurochemistry(2000),75(3),919-924〔非特許文獻3〕Uchida,S.et.al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(1992)89(17),8230-8234〔非特許文獻4〕Liu,Q.R.et.al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(1992)89(24),12145-12149〔非特許文獻5〕Smith,K.E.et.al.,Mol.Pharmacol.(1992)42(4),563-569〔非特許文獻6〕Ryo Shioda.et.al.,Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science(2002)43(9),2916
本發明係以提供可廉價地生產天然型蛋白質或基因重組蛋白質之方法為目的。
本發明者為解決上述課題,努力研究的結果係發現藉由使用強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞,可增加所需多胜肽之生產量,而完成本發明。
本發明之要旨係如下所示。
(1)包含培養強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,且導入編碼所需多胜肽之DNA之細胞,使產生所需之多胜肽之多胜肽之製造方法。
(2)如(1)記載之製造方法,其中強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞係導入編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA之細胞。
(3)如(2)記載之製造方法,其中細胞係中國倉鼠卵巢細胞。
(4)如(1)至(3)中任一項記載之製造方法,其中所需之多胜肽係抗體。
(5)如(2)至(4)中任一項記載之製造方法,其中編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA係下述之(a)至(e)中之任一種。
(a)將具有序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(b)將具有於序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(c)將具有與序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列70%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(d)具有序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列之DNA(e)將與具有序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA
(6)如(1)至(5)中任一項記載之製造方法,其中包含以牛磺酸濃度為0g/L至100g/L之培養基培養。
(7)製造含有如(1)至(6)中任一項記載之製造方法所製造之多胜肽之醫藥品之方法。
(8)編碼下述之(a)至(e)中之任一種牛磺酸轉運蛋白(但具有序列號碼3、5及7之鹼基序列之DNA除外)之DNA。
(a)將具有序列號碼2之胺基酸序列之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(b)將具有於序列號碼2之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(c)將具有與序列號碼2之胺基酸序列97%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(d)具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA(e)將與具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA
(9)為下述之(A)至(E)中之任一種牛磺酸轉運蛋白(但具有序列號碼4、6及8之胺基酸序列之多胜肽除外)之多胜肽。
(A)具有序列號碼2之胺基酸序列之多胜肽(B)具有於序列號碼2之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽(C)具有與序列號碼2之胺基酸序列97%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽(D)由具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA所編碼之多胜肽(E)將與具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA所編碼之多胜肽
(10)含有如(8)記載之DNA之基因重組載體。
(11)導入如(8)記載之DNA之細胞。
(12)強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,且導入編碼所需多胜肽之DNA之細胞。
(13)導入編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA之細胞。
藉由本發明,可廉價地生產所需之多胜肽。
本說明書係包含本申請書之優先權基礎之日本專利申請、特願2006-110467說明書及/或圖示所記載之內容。
以下係詳細地說明本發明之實施型態。
本發明係提供包含培養強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,且導入編碼所需多胜肽之DNA之細胞,使產生所需多胜肽之多胜肽之製造方法。
本發明之方法中,細胞係可產生所需多胜肽之天然細胞,亦可為導入編碼所需多胜肽之DNA之轉型細胞,以導入編碼所需多胜肽之DNA之轉型細胞為宜。
本發明之方法中,所需之多胜肽並無特別的限制,可為抗體(例如抗介白質6(IL-6)受體抗體、抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖(Glypican-3)抗體、抗CD3抗體、抗CD20抗體、抗GP Ⅱ b/Ⅲ a抗體、抗TNF(腫瘤壞死因數)抗體、抗CD25抗體、抗EGFR(表皮生長因子受體)抗體、抗Her/neu抗體、抗RSV(呼吸道融合病毒)抗體、抗CD33抗體、抗CD52抗體、抗IgE抗體、抗CD11a抗體、抗VEGF(血管內皮細胞生長因子)抗體、抗VLA4(極晚期抗原4)抗體等)、或生理活性蛋白質(顆粒性白血球菌落刺激因子(G-CSF)、粒細胞巨噬細胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)、紅血球生成素(Erythropoietin)、干擾素、IL-1或IL-6等之介白質、t-PA(組織胞質素前驅體活化因子)、血栓溶素(urokinase)、血清白蛋白、血液凝固因子、PTH(副甲狀腺素)等)等任何多胜肽皆可,但以抗體為宜。抗體係天然抗體、Fab、scFv、sc(Fv)2等之低分子化抗體、嵌合體抗體、人化抗體等之任何抗體皆可。
本發明者等藉由使用強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞,藉由強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,發現不僅對於牛磺酸或β
-丙胺酸,對於麩胺醯酸,亦可促進特異性地取入細胞內。
牛磺酸轉運蛋白係已知具有取入牛磺酸或β
-丙胺酸等之胺基酸於細胞內之功能之膜蛋白質,但未知藉由使牛磺酸轉運蛋白於細胞內強表現,將特異性地取入麩胺醯胺於細胞內。因為已知融合瘤(hybridoma)中麩胺醯胺係參與抗體產生(文獻;Yeon-Ho Jeong et al,Enzyme and Microbial Technology(1995)17,47-55),亦認為增強強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞產生抗體等之蛋白質之效果,係可能藉由此牛磺酸轉運蛋白,特異性地取入麩胺醯胺於細胞內之作用。
強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞與天然細胞相比較,只要係增加牛磺酸轉運蛋白的表現量之細胞即可,並無特別的限制。天然細胞雖無特別的限制,可舉例如製造CHO細胞等之基因重組蛋白質時,作為宿主使用的細胞。
作為強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞,可舉例如人工導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之細胞。人工導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之細胞係可由該業者已知方法製作,例如可導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因於載體,藉由轉型該載體於細胞而製作。
作為使細胞強表現之牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因,可為所有來自生物之牛磺酸轉運蛋白,並無特別的限制。具體上,可舉例如來自人、小鼠、大鼠、倉鼠等之囓齒類等之生物之牛磺酸轉運蛋白,來自人、囓齒類或與宿主細胞同種之牛磺酸轉運蛋白為宜,例如,強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞為中國倉鼠卵細胞(CHO細胞)時,以來自人或倉鼠之牛磺酸轉運蛋白為宜。
另外,作為使細胞強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因,亦可舉例如編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之下述之(a)至(e)中任一種DNA。
(a)將具有序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(b)將具有於序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個(例如數個)胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(c)將具有與序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列70%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(d)具有序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列之DNA(e)將與具有序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA
強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞係任何細胞皆可,但以CHO細胞為宜,以CHO dhfr-細胞尤佳。
製造所需多胜肽時,導入編碼所需多胜肽之基因於強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞,於培養基中培養該細胞而可製造。
使用人工導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之細胞,製造所需多胜肽時,導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因及編碼所需多胜肽之基因之順序並無特別的限制,可導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因後,導入編碼所需多胜肽之基因,亦可導入編碼所需多胜肽之基因後,導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因。另外,亦可同時導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因及編碼所需多胜肽之基因。
導入牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因及編碼所需多胜肽之基因係可由單一載體同時導入,亦可使用多數個載體分別導入。
培養強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞係可使用通常細胞培養(以動物細胞為宜)所使用之培養基。此等中通常包含胺基酸、維生素類、脂質因子、能量源、滲透壓調節劑、鐵源、pH緩衝劑。此等成份之適當含量範圍通常為0.05至1500mg/L之胺基酸、0.001至10mg/L之維生素類、0至200mg/L之脂質因子、1至20g/L之能量源、0.1至10000mg/L之滲透壓調節劑、0.1至500mg/L之鐵源、1至10000mg/L之pH緩衝劑、0.00001至200mg/L之微量金屬元素、0至5000mg/L之界面活性劑、0.05至10000 μ g/L之增殖輔助因子及0.001至50mg/L之核苷,並不局限於此等,可依培養細胞之種類、所需胜肽之種類等而適當決定。
上述成份以外,亦可添加例如微量金屬元素、界面活性劑、增殖輔助因子、核苷等。
具體上,可舉例如含有左旋丙胺酸、左旋精胺酸、左旋天冬醯胺、左旋天冬胺酸、左旋半胱胺酸、左旋胱胺酸、左旋麩胺醯胺、左旋麩胺酸、甘胺酸、左旋組織胺酸、左旋異白胺酸、左旋白胺酸、左旋賴胺酸、左旋甲硫胺酸、左旋鳥胺酸、左旋苯丙胺酸、左旋脯胺酸、左旋絲胺酸、左旋蘇胺酸、左旋色胺酸、左旋酪胺酸、左旋纈胺酸等,以左旋丙胺酸、左旋精胺酸、左旋天冬醯胺、左旋天冬胺酸、左旋胱胺酸、左旋麩胺醯胺、左旋麩胺酸、甘胺酸、左旋組織胺酸、左旋異白胺酸、左旋白胺酸、左旋賴胺酸、左旋甲硫胺酸、左旋苯丙胺酸、左旋脯胺酸、左旋絲胺酸、左旋蘇胺酸、左旋色胺酸、左旋酪胺酸、左旋纈胺酸等之胺基酸為宜;i-肌醇、生物素、葉酸、核酸、菸鹼醯胺、菸鹼酸、對胺基苯甲酸、泛酸鈣、鹽酸哆醛(Pyridoxal Hydrochloride)、鹽酸吡哆辛(Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)、核黃素、鹽酸硫胺(Vitamin B1,Thiamine Hydrochloride)、維生素B12、抗壞血酸等,以生物素、葉酸、核酸、菸鹼醯胺、泛酸鈣、鹽酸哆醛、核黃素、鹽酸硫胺、維生素B12、抗壞血酸等之維生素為宜;氯化膽鹼、酒石酸膽鹼、亞油酸、油酸、膽固醇等,以氯化膽鹼等之脂質因子為宜;葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、果糖等,以葡萄糖等之能量源為宜;氯化鈉、氯化鉀、硝酸鉀等,以氯化鈉等之滲透壓調節劑;EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)鐵、檸檬酸鐵、氯化亞鐵、氯化鐵、硫酸亞鐵、硫酸鐵、硝酸鐵等,以氯化鐵、EDTA鐵、檸檬酸鐵等之鐵源類為宜;碳酸氫鈉、氯化鈣、磷酸二氫鈉、HEPES(二羥乙基呱嗪乙烷磺酸)、MOPS(3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid)等,以碳酸氫鈉等之pH緩衝劑為宜之培養基。
上述成份以外,亦可添加硫酸銅、硫酸錳、硫酸鋅、硫酸鎂、氯化鎳、氯化錫、氯化鎂、亞矽酸鈉等,以硫酸銅、硫酸鋅、硫酸鎂等之微量金屬元素;Tween80、PluronicF68等之界面活性劑;及基因重組型胰島素、基因重組型IGF-1、基因重組型EGF、基因重組型FGF、基因重組型PDGF、基因重組型TGF-α、鹽酸乙醇胺、亞硒酸鈉、視黃酸(retinoic acid)、鹽酸腐胺(putrescine Hydrochloride)等之增殖輔助因子;去氧腺苷、去氧胞苷、去氧鳥糞苷、腺嘌呤核苷、胞嘧啶核苷、鳥糞嘌呤核苷、尿嘧啶核苷等之核苷等。另外,上述培養基之適合例中,亦可含有鏈黴素、青黴素G鉀及慶大黴素(Gentamicin)等之抗生素或酚紅等之pH指示劑。
培養基之pH係依細胞而異,一般為pH6.8至7.6,大多時候係以pH7.0至7.4為適當。
培養基亦可使用市售之動物細胞培養用培養基,例如D-MEM(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium)、D-MEM/F-12 1:1 Mixture(Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium:Nutrient Mixture F-12)、RPMI1640、CHO-S-SFM Ⅱ(Invitrogen社)、CHO-SF(Sigma-Aldrich社)、EX-CELL 301(JRH biosciences社)、CD-CHO(Invitrogen社)、IS CHO-V(Irvine Scientific社)、PF-ACF-CHO(Sigma-Aldrich社)等之培養基。
另外,培養基亦可為無血清培養基。
強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞為CHO細胞時,培養CHO細胞係可使用該業者已知方法進行。例如通常可於氣相之CO2
濃度為0至40%,以2至10%為宜之環境下,以30至39℃,以37℃程度為宜進行培養。
由後述之實施例亦顯示於強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞中,抑制成為細胞生育抑制物質之乳酸等之代謝廢物產生。該結果係顯示細胞高生存率維持效果,本發明之細胞係可長期間培養3個月或該以上者。
另外,於培養細胞中產生抗體等之所需多胜肽時,於培養後期,細胞成為相當高密度之狀態(約為1×107
cells/ml),乳酸等之代謝產物的影響極高。由本發明之細胞製造所需多胜肽時,亦可期待於培養後期亦維持高生存率,提昇所需多胜肽之產量。
使用本發明之細胞,用以產生所需之多胜肽之適當培養期間,通常為1天至3個月,以1天至2個月為宜,以1天至1個月尤佳。
另外,作為動物培養用之各種培養裝置,例如可使用發酵槽式桶培養裝置、氣舉式培養裝置、培養瓶(culture flask)式培養裝置、攪拌瓶(Spinner flask)式培養裝置、微載體式培養裝置、流動層式培養裝置、中空纖維(hollow fiber)式培養裝置、滾瓶反應器(roller bottle)式培養裝置、充填槽式培養裝置等培養。
培養係可使用批式培養(batch culture)、進料批次培養(fed-batch culture)、連續培養(continuous culture)等之任一種方法,以使用進料批次培養或連續培養為宜,以進料批次培養尤佳。
另外,培養本發明之細胞時,為促進取入牛磺酸於細胞,所以以添加牛磺酸於培養基中為宜。培養基中所添加之牛磺酸濃度並無特別的限制,通常為0g/L至100g/L、以0g/L至20g/L為宜、以0g/L至10g/L尤佳。
由本發明之方法所製造之多胜肽具有可利用為醫藥之生物學活性時,混合此多胜肽與醫藥上所容許之載體或添加劑而製劑化,可製造醫藥品。
作為醫藥上所容許之載體及添加劑,可舉例如水、醫藥上所容許之有機溶劑、膠原蛋白、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧乙烯聚合物、羧甲基纖維素鈉、聚丙烯酸鈉、褐藻酸鈉、水溶性葡聚糖、羧甲基澱粉鈉、果膠、甲基纖維素、乙基纖維素、三仙膠、阿拉伯膠、酪蛋白、瓊脂、聚乙二醇、二甘油、甘油、丙二醇、凡士林、鏈烷烴、硬脂醇、硬脂酸、人血清白蛋白(HSA)、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、果糖、作為醫藥添加物所容許之界面活性劑等。
實際的添加物係可因應本發明治療劑之劑型,自上述中選擇單獨或適當組合,當然並不局限於此等者。例如作為注射用製劑使用時,可溶解經精製之多胜肽於溶劑,例如生理食鹽水、緩衝溶液、葡萄糖溶液等,於其中加入抗吸附劑,例如Tween80、Tween20、果膠、人血清白蛋白等者。或者,亦可為形成使用前溶解再構成之劑形用之冷凍乾燥者,作為冷凍乾燥用之賦形劑,可使用例如甘露糖醇、葡萄糖等之糖醇或糖類。
多胜肽之有效投予量係依多胜肽之種類、治療或預防對象疾病之種類、患者年齡、疾病之嚴重度等而適當選擇。例如多胜肽係抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖抗體時,抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖抗體之有效投予量係每次每1kg體重,選自0.001mg至1000mg之範圍。或是,每位患者係選自0.01至100000mg/body之投予量。然而,此等投予量並非受限制者。
多胜肽之投予方法係可為經口、非經口投予中任一種,以非經口投予為宜,具體上,可舉例如注射(例如由靜脈內注射、肌肉內注射、腹腔內注射、皮下注射等之全身或局部投予)、經鼻投予、經肺投予、經皮投予等。
另外,本發明係提供下述之(A)至(E)中任一種之新穎多胜肽(但具有序列號碼4、6及8之胺基酸序列之多胜肽除外)。
(A)具有序列號碼2之胺基酸序列之多胜肽(B)具有於序列號碼2之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個(例如數個)胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽(C)具有與序列號碼2之胺基酸序列97%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽(D)由具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA所編碼之多胜肽(E)將與具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA所編碼之多胜肽。
本發明之新穎多胜肽係與倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白及與該功能上相同之多胜肽。
本發明中,所謂與倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能上相同,係指具有與牛磺酸之結合活性、牛磺酸於細胞內之輸送活性等之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白具有的活性相同的活性。如此之多胜肽係包含倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之突變株等。
作為調製與某種多胜肽功能上相同的多胜肽用之該業者熟知之方法,已知導入突變於多胜肽之方法,例如該業者使用部位突變之突變誘導法(Hashimoto-Gotoh,T.et al.(1995)Gene 152,271-275、Zoller,MJ,and Smith,M.(1983)Methods Enzymol.100,468-500、Kramer,W,et al.(1984)Nucleic Acids Res.12,9441-9456、Kramer W.,and Fritz HJ(1987)Methods.Enzymol.154,350-367、Kunkel,TA(1985)Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.82,488-492、Kunkel(1988)Methods Enzymol.85,2763-2766)等,藉由導入適當突變於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸,可得到與倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽。另外,胺基酸的突變亦可於自然界中發生。如此地,本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸序列中,具有1個或多數個胺基酸突變之胺基酸序列,與倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽亦包含於本發明之多胜肽。
作為與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽,具體上可舉例如於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白胺基酸序列中,缺少之胺基酸係1個或2個以上,以1個以上30個以下為宜,以1個以上20個以下尤佳,以1個以上10個以下更好,以1個以上5個以下最好者,於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白胺基酸序列中,附加之胺基酸係1個或2個以上,以1個以上30個以下為宜,以1個以上20個以下尤佳,以1個以上10個以下更好,以1個以上5個以下最好者,於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白胺基酸序列中之胺基酸為其他胺基酸取代1個或2個以上,以1個以上30個以下為宜,以1個以上20個以下尤佳,以1個以上10個以下更好,以1個以上5個以下最好者等。
突變之胺基酸殘基,並無特別的限制,以突變成保存胺基酸支鏈的性質之其他的胺基酸為宜,例如作為胺基酸支鏈的性質,疏水性胺基酸(A、I、L、M、F、P、W、Y、V)、親水性胺基酸(R、D、N、C、E、Q、G、H、K、S、T)、具有脂肪族支鏈之胺基酸(G、A、V、L、I、P)、具有含羥基支鏈之胺基酸(S、T、Y)、含硫支鏈之胺基酸(C、M)、具有含羧酸及醯胺支鏈之胺基酸(D、N、E、Q)、含鹼支鏈之胺基酸(R、K、H)、含芳香族支鏈之胺基酸(H、F、Y、W)(括弧內任一種皆為胺基酸之一字代號)。
另外,已知具有對於某胺基酸序列,藉由缺少、附加及/或由其他胺基酸取代1個或多數個胺基酸殘基所修飾之胺基酸序列之多胜肽係維持該生物學活性(Mark,D.F.et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1984)81,5662-5666、Zoller,M.J.& Smith,M.Nucleic Acids Research(1982)10,6487-6500、Wang,A.et al.,Science 224,1431-1433、Dalbadie-McFarland,G.et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1982)79,6409-6413)。
作為於本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白,附加1個或多數個胺基酸殘基之多胜肽,可舉例如含有倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之融合多胜肽。融合多胜肽係本發明之蛋白質倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白與其他多胜肽融合者,亦包含於本發明。製作融合多胜肽之方法係連接編碼本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白與編碼其他多胜肽之基因,使結構一致,將其導入表現載體,使於宿主表現即可,可使用該業者已知手法。作為與本發明之多胜肽融合之其他多胜肽,並無特別的限制。
作為與本發明之多胜肽融合之其他多胜肽,可舉例如FLAG(Hopp,T.P.et al.,BioTechnology(1988)6,1204-1210)、6個His(組織胺酸)之殘基所形成之6×His、10×His、流行性感冒血球凝集素(HA,hemagglutinin)、人c-myc之片段、VSV-GP之片段、p18HIV之片段、T7-tag、HSV-tag、E-tag、SV40T抗原之片段、lck tag、α-tubulin(微管蛋白)之片段、B-tag、蛋白質C之片段、GST(谷胱甘肽S-轉移酶,glutathione S-transferase)、HA(流行性感冒血球凝集素)、免疫球蛋白恆定區(immunoglobulin constant region)、β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase)、麥芽糖結合蛋白(Maltose binding protein,MBP)等。
使市售之編碼此等多胜肽之基因與編碼本發明多胜肽之基因融合,使藉此所調製之融合基因表現,可調製融合多胜肽。
另外,作為調製與某多胜肽功能相同之多胜肽之該業者已知之其他方法,可舉例如利用雜交技術(Sambrook,J et al.,Molecular Cloning 2nd ed.,9.47-9.58,Cold Spring Harbor Lab.Press,1989)之方法。亦即,為相關業者時,以編碼本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA序列或該部份為基礎,單離與此相同性高之DNA,通常亦進行自該DNA單離與倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽。如此地與由編碼本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA或該部份而成之DNA雜交之DNA編碼之多胜肽,與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽亦包含於本發明之多胜肽。
作為單離編碼與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽之DNA用之雜交條件,該業者可適當選擇。雜交條件係可舉例如低嚴苛條件。所謂低嚴苛條件係可舉例如42℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS,以50℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS為宜。另外,更適宜的係可舉例如高嚴苛條件。所謂高嚴苛條件係可舉例如65℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS。於此等條件中,愈降低溫度,愈得到不僅高相同性之DNA,甚至亦包括僅具有低相同性之DNA。相反地,愈升高溫度,可期待得到僅具有高相同性之DNA。但是,作為影響雜交之嚴苛條件之要素,除了溫度以外,亦考慮鹽濃度等之多數個要素,該業者可適當選擇此等要素,實現相同的嚴苛性。
編碼由此等雜交技術所單離之DNA之多胜肽,通常於胺基酸序列具有與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白高相同性。本發明之多胜肽係與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能上相同,亦包含具有與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白胺基酸序列高相同性之多胜肽。所謂高相同性係指97%之相同性,以98%以上之相同性為宜,99%以上之相同性尤佳。決定多胜肽之相同性係依據文獻(Wilbur,W.J.and Lipman,D.J.Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1983)80,726-730)中記載之演算法(algorithm)。
本發明之多胜肽係依後述之產生其之細胞或宿主或精製方法,胺基酸序列、分子量、等電點或糖鏈有無或形態等而有差異。然而,所得之多胜肽係只要具有與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白相同功能,即包含於本發明。例如使本發明之多胜肽於原核細胞,例如大腸菌中表現時,於原本的多胜肽之胺基酸序列之N末端,附加甲硫胺酸殘基。另外,使於真核細胞,例如哺乳動物細胞表現時,除去N末端之訊號序列。本發明之多胜肽亦包含如此之多胜肽。
本發明之多胜肽係由該業者已知之方法,可調製作為基因重組多胜肽或天然多胜肽。基因重組多胜肽時,導入編碼本發明之多胜肽之DNA於適當的表現載體,將其導入適當的宿主細胞,回收得到的轉型株,得到萃取物後,可藉由離子交換、逆相、凝膠過濾等之層析法、或固定對本發明多胜肽之抗體於管柱之親和層析法,或進一步由組合多數個此等管柱而精製、調製。
另外,使作為本發明之多胜肽與谷胱甘肽S-轉移酶多胜肽之融合多胜肽,或作為附加多數個組織胺酸之基因重組多胜肽於宿主細胞(例如動物細胞或大腸菌等)內表現時,表現之基因重組多胜肽係可使用谷胱甘肽管柱或鎳管柱精製。
精製融合多胜肽後,因應需要,亦可由凝血酶或Xa因子等切斷、除去融合多胜肽中目的多胜肽以外的區域。
為天然之多胜肽,該業者已知之方法,例如對於表現本發明多胜肽之組織或細胞萃取物,藉由使後述之結合於倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之抗體結合之親和性管柱作用,精製而可單離。抗體係可為多株抗體,亦可為單株抗體。
進而,本發明係提供編碼下述之(a)至(e)中之任一種牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA(但具有序列號碼3、5及7之鹼基序列之DNA除外)(a)將具有序列號碼2之胺基酸序列之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(b)將具有於序列號碼2之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個(例如數個)胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(c)將具有與序列號碼2之胺基酸序列97%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(d)具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA(e)將與具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA成互補之DNA,於嚴苛條件下進行雜交,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA。
本發明之DNA係除了利用於如上述之於體內(in vivo)或體外(in vitro)生產本發明之多胜肽以外,亦可使用於製作強表現倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之細胞。本發明之DNA只要可編碼本發明之多胜肽,任何形態皆可。亦即,不論是由mRNA所合成之cDNA、基因組DNA、化學合成DNA等皆可。另外,只要編碼本發明之多胜肽,亦包含基於遺傳密碼簡併之任意鹼基序列之DNA。
本發明之DNA係可由該業者由已知方法調製。例如由表現本發明之多胜肽之細胞製作cDNA基因庫(cDNA Library),以部份本發明之DNA序列(例如序列號碼1)作為探針,藉由進行雜交而可調製。cDNA基因庫可由例如Sambrook,J.et al.,Molecular Cloning、Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press(1989)中記載之方法調製,亦可使用市售之基因庫。另外,由表現本發明之多胜肽之細胞調製RNA,基於本發明之DNA序列(例如序列號碼1)合成寡去氧核糖核酸(oligo DNA),使用其為引子,進行PCR反應,藉由增幅編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA,亦可調製。
另外,由決定所得之cDNA鹼基序列,可決定將其編碼之轉譯區域,可得到本發明之多胜肽之胺基酸序列。另外,以所得之cDNA作為探針,篩選基因組cDNA基因庫,可單離基因組DNA。
具體上,如下述操作即可。首先,由表現本發明之多胜肽之細胞、組織等,單離mRNA。單離mRNA係由已知方法,例如由胍(Guanidine)超離心法(Chirgwin,J.M.et al.,Biochemistry(1979)18,5294-5299)、酸-異硫氰酸胍-苯酚-氯仿一步法(acid guanidinum thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform,AGPC)(Chomczynski,P.and Sacchi,N.Anal.Biochem.(1987)162,156-159)等調製全RNA(Total RNA),使用mRNA Purification Kit(Pharmacia)等,自全RNA調製mRNA。另外,亦可由使用QuickPrep mRNA Purification Kit(Pharmacia)直接調製mRNA。
自所得之mRNA,使用逆轉錄酵素(reverse transcriptase)合成cDNA,合成cDNA亦可使用AMV Reverse Transcriptase First-strand cDNA Synthesis Kit(生化學工業)等。另外,依據使用引子等,依據5’-Ampli FINDER RACE Kit(Clontech製)及使用聚合酵素鏈鎖反應(polymerase chain reaction;PCR)之5’-RACE法(Frohman,M.A.et al.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(1988)85,8998-9002;Belyavsky,A.et al.,Nucleic Acids Res.(1989)17,2919-2932),可進行合成及增幅cDNA。
自所得之PCR產物,調製目的之DNA片段,與載體DNA連接。進一步,由此製作基因重組載體,導入於大腸菌等,選擇菌落以調製所需之基因重組載體。目的DNA鹼基序列係由已知的方法,例如可由雙去氧核糖鏈停止法(dideoxynucleotide chain termination method)而確認。
另外,本發明之DNA中,考量使用於表現之宿主之密碼使用機率,設計更高表現效率之鹼基序列(Grantham,R.et al.,Nucelic Acids Research(1981)9,r43-47)。另外,本發明之DNA係可由市售之試劑組或已知方法而改變。作為改變,可舉例如由限制酵素之消化、插入合成寡核苷酸或適當的DNA片段、附加連結區段(linker)、插入開始密碼(ATG)及/或終止密碼(TAA、TGA或TAG)等。
本發明之DNA又為於嚴苛條件下,與具有序列號碼1之鹼基序列之DNA及雜交之DNA,而且包含編碼與牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽之DNA。
作為嚴苛條件,該業者可適當選擇,可舉例如低嚴苛條件。所謂低嚴苛條件係可舉例如42℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS,以50℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS為宜。更適宜的係可舉例如高嚴苛條件。所謂高嚴苛條件係可舉例如65℃,2×SSC,0.1%SDS。於此等條件中,愈升高溫度,可得到具有高相同性之DNA。上述之雜交DNA係以天然來源之DNA為宜,例如cDNA或染色體DNA亦可。
此等由雜交技術所單離之DNA,通常於鹼基序列具有與編碼本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA高相同性。本發明之DNA中,亦包含編碼具有與本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白功能相同之多胜肽,具有與編碼本發明之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白高相同性之DNA。所謂高相同性,通常係指為96%以上之相同性,以98%以上之相同性為宜,以99%以上之相同性尤佳。鹼基序列之相同性係可依據Karlin and Altschul之演算法BLAST(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:5873-5877,1993)而決定。基於此演算法,開發稱為BLASTN或BLASTX之程式(Altschul et al.J.Mol.Biol.215:403-410,1990)。藉由基於BLAST之BLASTN,分析鹼基序列時,參數係例如score=100,wordlength=12。此等分析方法之具體手法係已知(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)。
另外,本發明係提供插入本發明DNA之載體。本發明之載體係於宿主細胞內有效地保持本發明之DNA,用以使表現本發明之多胜肽(亦即,倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白及與該功能相同之多胜肽)。另外,有效地藉由使宿主細胞強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,促進宿主細胞取入牛磺酸,可增加宿主細胞產生所需的多胜肽。
作為載體,例如以大腸菌為宿主時,為使載體於大腸菌(例如JM109、DH5 α、HB101、XL1Blue)等大量增幅,大量調製,於大腸菌具有增幅用之「ori」,另外,以具有經轉型大腸菌之篩選基因(例如由某種藥劑(氨卡青黴素(ampicillin)或四環黴素、卡那黴素(kanamycin)、氯黴素(Chloramphenicol))可判別藥劑耐性基因)為宜。作為載體,可舉例如M13系載體、pUC系載體、pBR322、pBluescript、pCR-Script等。另外,cDNA之次擇殖(Subcloning)、切出為目的時,除了上述載體之外,可舉例如pGEM-T、pDIRECT、pT7等。產生本發明之多胜肽之目的,使用載體時,尤其表現載體係有效的。作為表現載體,例如以於大腸菌之表現為目的時,載體係除了具有於大腸菌可增幅之上述特徵以外,宿主為JM109、DH5 α、BH101、XL1-Blue等之大腸菌時,以具有於大腸菌可有效地表現之啟動子,例如lacZ啟動子(Ward等,Nature(1989)341,544-546;FASEB J.(1992)6,2422-2427)、araB啟動子(Better等,Science(1988)240,1041-1043)、或T7啟動子等為宜。作為如此載體,除了上述載體以外,可舉例如pGEX-5X-1(Pharmacia社製)、「QIAexpress system」(Qiagen社製)、pEGFP、或pET(此時,宿主係以表現T7 RNA聚合酶之BL21為宜)等。
另外,載體中亦可含有多胜肽分泌用之訊號序列。作為多胜肽分泌用之訊號序列之訊號序列,使大腸菌之細胞間質(periplasm)產生時,以使用pelB訊號序列(Lei,S.P.et al J.Bacteriol.(1987)169,4379)為宜。導入載體於宿主細胞係可使用氯化鈣法、電穿孔法(electroporation)進行。
以大腸菌為宿主以外,例如,作為用以製造本發明之多胜肽所使用之載體,可舉例如哺乳動物來源之表現載體(例如pcDNA3(Invitrogen社製)、或pEGF-BOS(Nucleic Acids.Res.1990,18(17),p5322)、pEF、pCDM8)、昆蟲細胞來源之表現載體(例如「Bac-to-BAC baculovairus expression system」(GIBCOBRL社製)、pBacPAK8)、植物來源之表現載體(例如pMH1、pMH2)、動物病毒來源之表現載體(例如pHSV、pMV、pAdexLcw)、反轉錄病毒(Retrovirus)來源之表現載體(例如pZIpneo)、酵母來源之表現載體(例如「Pichia Expression Kit」(Invitrogen社製)、pNV11、SP-Q01)、枯草桿菌來源之表現載體(例如pPL608、pKTH50)等。
於CHO細胞、COS細胞、NTH3T3細胞等之動物細胞中之表現為目的時,具有使細胞內表現用所需之啟動子,例如SV40啟動子(Mulligan等,Nature(1979)277,108)、MMLV-LTR啟動子、EF1 α啟動子(Mizushima等,Nucleic Acids Res.(1990)18,5322)、CMV啟動子等為宜,具有於細胞篩選基因重組用之基因(例如可藉由藥劑(新黴素(Neomycin)、G418等)判別之藥耐性基因)尤佳。作為具有如此特性之載體,可舉例如pMAM、pDR2、pBK-RSV、pBK-CMV、pOPRSV、pOP13等。
進而,使基因安定地表現,而且增幅細胞內基因之複製數為目的時,可舉例如導入具有與其互補之DHFR(二氫葉酸還原酵素)基因之載體(例如pCHOI等)於欠缺核酸合成途徑之CHO細胞,由甲基蝶啶胺(MTX)增幅之方法,另外,以基因暫時性表現為目的時,使用於染色體上具有表現SV40 T抗原之基因之COS細胞,以具有SV40之複製起點之載體(pcD等)轉型之方法。作為複製起點,另外亦可使用多瘤病毒(Polyomavirus)、腺病毒、牛乳突病毒(BPV)等之來源者。另外,於宿主細胞系,為增幅基因複製數,表現載體係作為選擇標識,可包含胺基糖苷轉換酶(APH)基因、胸腺嘧啶激酶(TK)基因、大腸菌黃嘌呤鳥嘌呤磷酸核糖轉換酶(Ecogpt)基因、二氫葉酸還原酵素(dhfr)基因等。
另外,本發明係提供導入本發明載體之宿主細胞。作為導入本發明之宿主細胞,並無特別的限制,可使用例如大腸菌或各種動物細胞等。本發明之宿主細胞係可作為例如本發明之多胜肽之製造或表現用之生產系使用。另外,本發明之宿主細胞係可強表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,促進取入牛磺酸,可增加生產所需多胜肽。製造多胜肽用之生產系係有體外及體內之生產系。作為體外生產系,可舉例如使用真核細胞之生產系或使用原核細胞之生產系。
使用真核細胞時,可使用例如動物細胞、植物細胞、真菌細胞於宿主。作為動物細胞,已知哺乳類細胞,例如CHO(J.Exp.Med.(1995)108,945)、COS、3T3、骨髓瘤、BHK(baby hamster kidney)、Hela、Vero、兩生類細胞,例如非洲爪蛙卵母細胞(Valle,et al.,Nature(1981)291,358-340)、或昆蟲細胞,例如Sf9、Sf21、Tn5。作為CHO細胞,尤其可適合使用欠缺DHFR基因之CHO細胞之dhfr-CHO(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1980)77,4216-4220)或CHO K-1(Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA(1968)60,1275)。於動物細胞中,以大量表現為目的時,以CHO細胞尤佳。導入載體於宿主細胞係可以例如磷酸鈣法、DEAE(二乙氨基乙醇)葡聚糖法、使用陽離子脂質體(cationic liposome)DOTAP(Boehringer Mannheim社製)之方法、電穿孔法、微脂粒法等之方法進行。
作為植物細胞,例如已知來自煙草(Nicotiana tabacum)之細胞作為多胜肽生產系,將其癒傷組織培養(Callus culture)即可。作為真菌細胞,已知酵母,例如酵母(Saccharomyces)屬,例如釀酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、絲狀菌,例如麴菌(Aspergillus)屬,例如黑曲黴(Aspergillus niger)。
使用原核細胞時,有使用細菌細胞之生產系。作為細菌細胞,可舉例如大腸菌(E.coli),可舉例如JM109、DH5 α、HB101等。已知其他有枯草桿菌。
藉由目的基因轉型此等細胞,藉由體外培養經轉型之細胞,可得到編碼目的基因之多胜肽。培養係可依據已知方法進行。例如,作為動物細胞培養液,例如可使用DMEM、MEM、RPMI1640、IMDM。此時,亦可併用牛胎兒血清(FCS)等之血清補液,亦可無血清培養。培養時之pH係以約6至8為宜。培養係以約30至40℃進行約15至200小時,因應要,可加入培養基更換、通氣、攪拌。
另一方面,作為於體內之多胜肽生產系,可舉例如使用動物之生產系或使用植物之生產系。導入目的之基因於此等動物或植物,於動物或植物體內產生、回收多胜肽。本發明中之「宿主」包含此等動物、植物。
使用動物時,有使用哺乳類動物、昆蟲之生產系。作為哺乳類動物,可使用羊、豬、綿羊、小鼠、牛(Vicki Glaser,SPECTRUM Biotechnology Applications,1993)。另外,使用哺乳類動物時,可使用基因轉殖動物。
例如,將目的之基因,與編碼如山羊β
酪蛋白之乳汁中原有產生之多胜肽之基因,調製成融合基因。接著,注入含此融合基因之基因片段於山羊胚胎,移植此胚胎於雌山羊。自接受胚胎之山羊所生產之基因轉殖山羊或該子孫生產的乳汁,可得到目的之多胜肽。為增加自基因轉殖山羊所生產之含多胜肽乳汁量,亦可使用適量的激素於基因轉殖山羊(Ebert,K.M.et al.,Bio/Technology(1994)12,699-702)。
另外,作為昆蟲,可使用例如蠶。使用蠶時,藉由使蠶感染插入編碼目的多胜肽之基因之桿狀病毒(baculovirus),自蠶的體液可得到目的之多胜肽(Susumu,M.et al.,Nature(1985)315,592-594)。
另外,使用植物時,例如可使用菸草。使用菸草時,插入編碼目的多胜肽之基因於植物表現用載體,例如pMON 530,導入此載體於如農桿菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)之細菌。使此菸草,例如菸草(Nicotiana tabacum)感染此細菌,自本菸葉可得到所需之多胜肽(Julian K.-C.Ma et al.,Eur.J.Immunol.(1994)24,131-138)。
由此所得之多胜肽係單離自宿主細胞內或細胞外(培養基等),可精製實質上純綷且均一之多胜肽。分離、精製多胜肽係可使用通常之精製多胜肽所使用之分離、精製方法即可,並無特別的限定者。例如可將層析管柱、過濾、超濾、鹽析、溶劑沈澱、溶劑萃取、蒸餾、免疫沈澱、SDS-聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳、等電點電泳法、透析、再結晶等,適當選擇、組合而分離、精製多胜肽。
作為層析,可舉例如親和層析、離子交換層析、疏水性層析、凝膠過濾、逆相層析、吸附層析等(Strategies for Protein Purification and Characterization:A Laboratory Course Manual.Ed Daniel R.Marshak et al.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1996)。此等層析係可使用液相層析之例如HPLC、FPLC(快速蛋白質液相層析)等之液相層析進行。本發明亦包含使用此等精製方法所高度精製之多胜肽。
另外,於多胜肽精製前或精製後,藉由使適當的多胜肽修飾酵素作用,亦可任意加入修飾或除去部分胜肽。作為多胜肽修飾酵素,可使用如胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、賴胺醯末端胜肽酶、蛋白質激酶、葡糖苷酶等。
另外,本發明係提供與本發明之多胜肽結合之抗體。本發明之抗體形態,並無特別限制,多株抗體之外,亦包含單株抗體。另外,包含使兔子等之免疫動物對本發明之多胜肽免疫而得之抗血清,所有等級之多株抗體及單株抗體。
作為過敏原所使用之多胜肽係可為完全的多胜肽,亦可為多胜肽之部份胜肽。作為多胜肽之部份胜肽,可舉例如多胜肽之胺基(N)末端片段或羧基(C)末端片段。本說明書中敍述之所謂「抗體」,係指反應於多胜肽之全長或片段之抗體。
插入編碼本發明之多胜肽或該片段之基因於已知之表現載體,由該載體,使本說明書中敍述之宿主細胞轉型,以已知方法自該宿主細胞內外得到目的之多胜肽或該片段,使用此等作為過敏原(Allergen)即可。另外,表現本發明之多胜肽之細胞或該溶解物或化學合成之本發明之多胜肽亦可作為過敏原用。
作為以過敏原免疫之哺乳動物,雖無特別的限定者,但考量與使用於細胞融合之親細胞之適合性而選擇為宜,一般使用囓齒目、兔目、靈長目之動物。
作為囓齒目動物,可使用小鼠、大鼠、倉鼠等。作為兔目動物,例如可使用兔子。作為靈長目動物,例如可使用猴子。作為猴子,可使用狹鼻下目(Catarrhini)猴(舊世界猴),例如食蟹猴、紅毛猴、狒狒、黑猩猩等。
使動物對過敏原免疫係依據已知方法進行。作為一般方法,注射過敏原於哺乳動物之腹腔內或皮下。具體上,對於以PBS(磷酸緩衝溶液)或生理食鹽水等稀釋、懸浮過敏原成適當量者,依據所需,適當混合、乳化通常的助劑(adjuvant),例如Freund完全助劑後,投予於哺乳動物。另外,之後,將適量混合Freund不完全助劑之過敏原,每隔4至21天投予數次為宜。另外,過敏原免疫時,可使用適當的載體。如此進行免疫,血清中所需抗體程度上昇係由常法確認。
在此,得到對本發明之多胜肽之多株抗體,確認血清中所需抗體程度上昇後,取出對抗原敏化之哺乳動物血液。自此血液由已知方法分離血清。作為多株抗體,可使用含多株抗體之血清,亦可因應需要,使用自此血清進一步單離含有多株抗體之部份。例如,使用交聯本發明多胜肽之親和性管柱,得到僅認識本發明之多胜肽之部份,進一步藉由利用蛋白質A或蛋白質G管柱,精製此部份,可調製免疫球蛋白G或M。
得到單株抗體係確認對上述抗原敏化之哺乳動物之血清中所需抗體程度上昇後,自哺乳動物取出免疫細胞,施以細胞融合即可。此時,細胞融合所使用之適合的免疫細胞,尤其可舉例如脾細胞。作為與上述免疫細胞融合之另一方親細胞,以哺乳動物之骨髓瘤細胞為宜,更適合者可舉例如取得由藥劑之融合細胞篩選用特性之骨髓瘤細胞。
上述免疫細胞及骨髓瘤細胞之細胞融合係基本上可依據已知的方法,例如Milstein等之方法(Galfre,G.and Milstein,C.,Methods Enzymol.(1987)73,3-46)等而進行。
由細胞融合所得之融合瘤(hybridoma)係藉由通常的選擇培養液,例如HAT培養液(含亞黃嘌呤、胺基翼酸及胸腺嘧啶之培養液)培養而被選擇。於該HAT培養液之培養係進行充份的時間,通常持續數日、數週至目的融合瘤以外的細胞(非融合細胞死亡)。接著,實施通常的界限稀釋法,進行生產目的抗體之融合瘤之篩選及複製。
接著,移植所得之融合瘤於小鼠腹腔內,自該小鼠回收腹水,藉由例如硫銨沈澱、蛋白質A、蛋白質G管柱、DEAE離子交換層析、交聯本發明之多胜肽之親和性管柱等精製所得之單株抗體,而可調製。本發明之抗體係使用於本發明之多胜肽之精製、檢測。
如此所得之單株抗體,另外使用基因重組技術,可得到產生的基因重組型抗體(例如參考Borrebaeck,C.A.K.and Larrick,J.W.,THERAPEUTIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES,Published in the United Kingdom by MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD,1990)。基因型抗體係自融合瘤或產生抗體之敏化淋巴球等之免疫細胞複製編碼其之基因,組入於適當的載體,將其導入宿主而使產生。本發明亦包含此基因重組型抗體。
另外,本發明之抗體係只要結合於本發明之多胜肽即可,該抗體片段或抗體修飾物皆可。例如,作為抗體片段,可舉例如Fab、F(ab’)2、Fv或以適當的連接區段連接H股及L股Fv之單股Fv(scFv)(Huston,J.S.eta l.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.(1988)85,5879-5883)。具體上,以酵素,例如木瓜酵素、胃蛋白酶處理抗體而產生抗體片段,或建構編碼此等抗體片段之基因,將其導入表現載體後,使於適當的宿主細胞表現(例如參考Co,M.S.et al.,J.Immunol.(1994)152,1968-2976;Better,M.and Horwitz,A.H.Methods Enzymol.(1989)178,476-496;Pluckthun,A.and Skerra,A.,Methods Enzymol.(1989)178,497-515;Lamoyi,E.,Methods Enzymol.(1986)121,652-663;Rousseaux,J.et al.,Methods Enzymol.(1986)121,663-669;Bird,R.E.and Walker,B.W.,Trends Biotechnol.(1991)9,132-137)。
作為抗體修飾物,亦可使用與聚乙二醇(PEG)等之各種分子結合之抗體。本發明之「抗體」亦包含此等之抗體修飾物。為得到如此抗體修飾物,可藉由施以化學修飾於所得之抗體而得之。此等方法係於此領域已經確立。
如上述所得之抗體係可精製至均一。本發明所使用之抗體的分離、精製係通常的多胜肽所使用之分離、精製方法即可。例如可將親和層析等之層析管柱、過濾器、超濾、鹽析、透析、SDS-聚丙烯醯胺凝膠電泳、等電點電泳法等,適當選擇、組合而分離、精製抗體(Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual.Ed Harlow and David Lane,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,1988),並不局限於此等者。上述所得之抗體之濃度測定係藉由吸光度之測定或酵素連結免疫吸附分析(Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;ELISA)等而可進行。
作為使用於親和層析之管柱,可舉例如蛋白質A管柱、蛋白質G管柱。作為使用蛋白質A管柱之管柱,可舉例如Hyper D,POROS,Sepharose F.F.(Pharmacia)等。
作為親和層析以外之層析,可舉例如離子交換層析、疏水性層析、凝膠過濾、逆相層析、吸附層析等(Strategies for Protein Purification and Characterization:A Laboratory Course Manual.ED Daniel R.Marshak et al.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press,1996)。此等層析係可使用HPLC、FPLC等之液相層析進行。
另外,作為測定本發明抗體之抗原結合活性之方法,可使用例如測定吸光度、酵素連結免疫吸附分析(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay;ELISA)、EIA(酵素免疫測定法)、RIA(放射免疫測定法)或螢光抗體法。使用ELISA時,於固相化本發明抗體之盤上,添加本發明之多胜肽,接著,加入含目的抗體之試樣,例如抗體產生細胞之培養上清液或精製抗體。酵素,例如添加認識以鹼性磷酸酶等標記之抗體之二次抗體等,培養ELISA盤,接著洗淨後,加入對硝基苯磷酸等之酵素基質,測定吸光度,可評估抗原結合活性。作為多胜肽,可使用多胜肽之片段,例如由該C末端而成之片段或由N末端而成之片段。本發明之抗體之活性評估可使用BIAcore(Pharmacia製)抗原結合活性。
以下係由實施例具體地說明本發明。另外,此等實施例係用以說明本發明者,並非局限本發明之範圍者。
[實施例1]自導入抗IL-6受體抗體基因於CHO細胞來源倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因複製之CHO DXB11細胞之抗IL-6受體抗體產生細胞(特開平8-99902公報),進行全RNA萃取後,合成依賴聚A之cDNA。以SalI、XhoI、EcoRI之三種限制酵素片段化之cDNA為模版,由PCR得到倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白(TauT)基因。PCR引子係使用已知之設計於大鼠/小鼠TauT間保存基因序列之含5’,3’者。所複製之基因決定鹼基序列,由與已知生物種之TauT之相同性,確認編碼倉鼠TauT(圖1)。倉鼠TauT胺基酸序列對於小鼠(96%一致性)、大鼠(96%一致性)、人類(93%一致性)TauT,具有高相同性,推測為具有12個穿膜區域之轉運蛋白(圖2)。
[實施例2]由導入倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白,增加活細胞密度、抑制乳酸產量、及增加抗體產量加入Kozak序列於實施例1之複製所取得之倉鼠TauT(以下稱為TauT)基因,建構CMV啟動子表現質體pHyg/TauT(圖3)。將pHyg/TauT或除了TauT基因之控制質體pHyg,以電穿孔法導入親株之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產生CHO細胞(參考國際公開第WO2006/006693號手冊)。於效高黴素(hygromycin)(400 μ g/ml)存在下篩選表現質體導入細胞後,擴大所有的安定增殖之細胞株(pHyg/TauT:8株,pHyg:7株)。調製TauT mRNA後,由TaqMan法,可確認對親株優異表現之7株作為pHyg/TauT導入細胞。導入細胞(7株)之mRNA之平均表現量係對照組(7株)之約40倍。合計14株之細胞,以2×105
cells/mL之開始密度,由50ml振動燒瓶進行批式(batch)培養及進料批次(fed-batch)培養,比較於培養後期第7天之活細胞密度、乳酸產量、抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量。批式培養係隨著細胞增殖,培養液中堆積乳酸等之生育抑制物質,增殖受到抑制,相對於pHyg導入細胞,pHyg/TauT導入細胞之活細胞密度(圖4)及乳酸產量(圖5)優異(t檢定P<0.05)。關於抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量,pHyg/TauT導入細胞之7株中之4株為pHyg導入細胞之最高值以上(圖6)。另外,pHyg/TauT導入細胞之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量之優異性(t檢定P<0.01,圖7)於批式培養更加明顯,所以上述4株中增殖能力最高之pHyg/TauT導入細胞(T10)及親株進行1L培養罐之進料批次培養時,T10即使於培養第32天,仍維持生存率於80%以上(圖8),抑制乳酸產生。該結果係抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量係於培養第35天,達成2.9g/L(圖9)。TauT導入T10細胞於細胞膜上表現TauT分子係以流式細胞技術(flow cytometry)分析(圖10)確認。以上結果顯示,藉由人工地表現倉鼠TauT,提昇抗體產生細胞之潛能(potential),可得到抗體高產生株。
[實施例3]倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白導入株之抑制氨產量、取入牛磺酸、增加麩胺醯酸消耗量、及牛磺酸非依賴之抗體產量將親株及pHyg/TauT導入株,以2×105
cells/mL之開始密度,1L培養罐進料批次培養,適時地自培養槽採取含450×105
細胞培養液。藉由離心分取培養上清液後,於細胞塊加入含蛋白質酶抑制劑(Complete Mini,Roche Diagnostics社,Protease inhibitor cocktail tablets)之1mL之冷卻滅菌水,於冰上使用超音波細胞粉碎機(MISONIX ASTRASON MODEL XL2020),脈衝操作5秒後,休息5秒為一流程,計12次,重覆處理,完全粉碎細胞。處理後之溶液,應用總量於離心式過濾單位,調製分子量為5000以下之濾液,作為細胞內胺基酸測定用之試料。各試料係進一步使用茚三酮(ninhydrin)試液-L8500組(和光純藥工業)及日立製全自動胺基酸分析裝置(L-8500)之改良型,檢測、比較570nm之吸光度,求出試料中之各種胺基酸濃度。因為培養液中之各種胺基酸及氨等之濃度係直接測定的值,所以進行μM程度之濃度比較,另一方面,細胞內濃度係加入1mL之冷卻滅菌水於細胞塊後,進行超音波細胞粉碎後,換算各種胺基酸及氨等之測定值成每細胞之值,進行各換算值之比較。圖11之氨濃度比係將1L培養罐進料批次培養開始時之每450×105
個之親株之氨值檢測值規定為1,比較培養開始時、第6天、第12天、第18天之檢測值,求出比值。另外,圖12、圖13之牛磺酸及麩胺醯胺亦由上述胺基酸分析測定。
該結果係pHyg/TauT導入株於培養後期,細胞內之氨維持於低濃度,認為寄予抗體高產生(圖11)。
細胞內之牛磺酸濃度比係以上述氨大致相同的方法求取(圖12)。相異點係以50mL振動燒瓶批式培養第4天之每200×105
個之親株之氨值檢測值規定為1。
該結果係pHyg/TauT導入株,依賴於牛磺酸添加量取入牛磺酸,該取入量係與親株相同。然而,如圖13所示,pHyg/TauT導入株之麩胺醯酸消耗量對親株係明顯的,未依賴最初牛磺酸濃度。報告指出麩胺醯酸係改善融合瘤之細胞增殖或生存率、及抗體產生能、具有提昇抗體產量之作用(Enzyme and Microbial Technology 17:47-55,1955)。因此,亦認為pHyg/TauT導入株之抗體產生增強效果係介由牛磺酸轉運蛋白,取入牛磺酸以外之其他胺基酸(麩胺醯酸等)之可能性。另外,麩胺醯酸濃度係將圖12中之培養第4天之培養液,以胺基酸分析之測定值,換算成每1×105
個細胞之值。
抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量並未依賴50mL振動燒瓶進料批次培養開始時之最初牛磺酸濃度(0至500mM(62.575g/L))(圖14)。另外,對於親株,認為最初牛磺酸濃度對於抗體產量的影響無優異差。
以上的結果係顯示培養開始時之培養基中即使不含有牛磺酸,Taut強表現株具有高抗體產生能力,亦認為可能促進取入牛磺酸以外的胺基酸等。
本發明係可應用於所有的抗體產生細胞。
本說明書引用之全部刊物、專利及專利申請書直接作為參考,納入本說明書者。
本發明係可利用於生產多胜肽。
<序列號碼1>序列號碼1係表示編碼倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之鹼基序列。
<序列號碼2>序列號碼2係表示倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸序列。
<序列號碼3>序列號碼3係表示編碼大鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之鹼基序列。
<序列號碼4>序列號碼4係表示大鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸序列。
<序列號碼5>序列號碼5係表示編碼小鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之鹼基序列。
<序列號碼6>序列號碼6係表示小鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸序列。
<序列號碼7>序列號碼7係表示編碼人類牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之鹼基序列。
<序列號碼8>序列號碼8係表示胺基酸牛磺酸轉運蛋白之胺基酸序列。
圖1係表示新穎複製之CHO細胞來源之倉鼠牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因之鹼基序列及胺基酸序列。
圖2係表示依據自新穎複製之CHO細胞來源之Hamster TauT之胺基酸序列,由TMpred program所預測之穿膜區域及方向,以Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA Vol 89,pp.8230-8234,September 1992,Shinichi Uchida et.Al.之FIG.5.作為參考之牛磺酸轉運蛋白膜拓樸構造(membrane topology)。◎係Hamster TauT特異性胺基酸殘基,第2圈(EX:細胞膜外區域)、第12號之穿膜區域(TM)及C末端(IC:細胞內區域)中存在許多與Human TauT相異之胺基酸。
圖3係使Hamster TauT(622胺基酸)表現之質體。
圖4係於50ml之振動燒瓶批式培養第7天之活細胞密度標繪(n=7)。pHyg/TauT導入細胞之活細胞密度係比pHyg導入細胞優異(P<0.05)。
圖5係於50ml之振動燒瓶批式培養第7天之乳酸產量標繪(n=7)。pHyg/TauT導入細胞係低乳酸產生,比pHyg導入細胞優異(t檢定P<0.05)。
圖6係於50ml之振動燒瓶批式培養第7天之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖(Glypican-3)抗體產量標繪(n=7)。pHyg/TauT導入細胞之7株中之4株係具有pHyg導入細胞之最高值以上之抗體產量。
圖7係於50ml之振動燒瓶進料批式培養(Fed-batch culture)第7天之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖(Glypican-3)抗體產量標繪(n=7)。pHyg/TauT導入細胞之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體係比pHyg導入細胞優異(P<0.01)。
圖8係顯示於靜置培養之擴大過程,增殖能高之pHyg/TauT導入細胞之T10於1L培養罐之進料批式培養之生存率圖。T10之生存率係即使於培養第32天仍為80%以上。另一方面,親株於第19天則低於80%。
圖9係顯示於靜置培養之擴大過程,增殖能高之pHyg/TauT導入細胞之T10於1L培養罐之進料批式培養之抗體產量圖。於培養第35天之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量為2.9g/L。
圖10係表示TauT導入T10細胞於細胞膜上發生TauT分子之流式細胞技術(flow cytometry)分析結果。作為1次抗體係使用兔子抗牛磺酸轉運蛋白抗體(Alpha diagnostics社,U.S.)(抗體±),作為2次抗體係使用驢抗兔子IgG抗體Pycoerythrin Conjugate(Abcam社,U.K.)標記。
圖11係表示1L培養罐進料批式培養中之細胞內氨含量(濃度比)圖。相對於親株,pHyg/TauT導入株之氨抑制明顯。
圖12係表示依賴培養基中之牛磺酸濃度,牛磺酸取入於細胞內圖。認為pHyg/TauT導入株與親株之牛磺酸取入量無差異。
圖13係表示培養基中之麩胺醯酸消耗圖。pHyg/TauT導入株相對於親株,不依賴培養基中之牛磺酸濃度,每個細胞之麩胺醯酸消耗量明顯為高。
圖14係pHyg/TauT導入株之抗磷脂肌醇蛋白聚糖-3抗體產量係不依賴培養開始時之培養基中之牛磺酸濃度,顯示相同程度圖。
<110> CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD. <120> 牛磺酸轉運蛋白基因<130> FP-079PCT <150> JP P2006-110467 <151> 2006-04-13 <160> 8 <170> PatentIn Ver.2.1 <210> 1 <211> 1869 <212> DNA <213> 中國倉鼠<400> 1 <210> 2 <211> 622 <212> PRT <213> 中國倉鼠<400> 2 <210> 3 <211> 1866 <212> DNA <213> 溝鼠<400> 3<210> 4 <211> 621 <212> PRT <213> 溝鼠<400> 4 <210> 5 <211> 1866 <212> DNA <213> 家鼠<400> 5 <210> 6 <211> 621 <212> PRT <213> 家鼠<400> 6 <210> 7 <211> 1863 <212> DNA <213> 智人<400> 7 <210> 8 <211> 620 <212> PRT <213> 智人<400> 8
Claims (6)
- 一種抗體之製造方法,其特徵為,包含培養經導入編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA,表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,且導入編碼抗體之DNA之哺乳動物細胞,使產生抗體。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之製造方法,其中細胞係中國倉鼠卵巢細胞。
- 如申請專利範圍第1或2項之製造方法,其中編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA係下述之(a)至(e)中之任一種(a)將具有序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(b)將具有於序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列中,取代、缺少、附加或/及插入1個或多數個胺基酸之胺基酸序列,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(c)將具有與序列號碼2、4、6或8之胺基酸序列93%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA(d)具有序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列之DNA(e)將具有與序列號碼1、3、5或7之鹼基序列96%以上之相同性,且具有牛磺酸轉運蛋白活性之多胜肽,進行編碼之DNA。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之製造方法,其中包含以牛 磺酸濃度為0g/L至100g/L之培養基培養。
- 一種製造含有抗體之醫藥品之方法,其係包含以下步驟:(1)製造含有以如申請專利範圍第1項至第4項中任一項之製造方法所製造之抗體之步驟(2)將該抗體與醫藥上所容許之載體或添加劑混合之步驟。
- 一種哺乳動物細胞,其特徵為經導入編碼牛磺酸轉運蛋白之DNA,表現牛磺酸轉運蛋白,且經導入編碼抗體之DNA。
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| EP2194126B1 (en) * | 2007-10-15 | 2014-01-15 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | Method of constructing cells with high productivity of foreign protein |
| WO2009054433A1 (ja) | 2007-10-24 | 2009-04-30 | Chugai Seiyaku Kabushiki Kaisha | 異種タンパク質製造のための細胞及びそれを用いた製造方法 |
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- 2007-04-12 WO PCT/JP2007/058049 patent/WO2007119774A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2007-04-12 EP EP10157011A patent/EP2228450A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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| EP2228450A1 (en) | 2010-09-15 |
| US20090191591A1 (en) | 2009-07-30 |
| JP2012143247A (ja) | 2012-08-02 |
| JPWO2007119774A1 (ja) | 2009-08-27 |
| CA2649148A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| DK2011880T3 (da) | 2012-11-26 |
| EP2011880A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
| ES2397383T3 (es) | 2013-03-06 |
| TW200806790A (en) | 2008-02-01 |
| CA2649148C (en) | 2016-08-23 |
| KR101342172B1 (ko) | 2013-12-20 |
| CN101421411B (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
| WO2007119774A1 (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
| AU2007239679A1 (en) | 2007-10-25 |
| JP5399529B2 (ja) | 2014-01-29 |
| EP2011880B1 (en) | 2012-10-24 |
| HK1128308A1 (zh) | 2009-10-23 |
| CN101421411A (zh) | 2009-04-29 |
| JP4977691B2 (ja) | 2012-07-18 |
| AU2007239679B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 |
| KR20090007276A (ko) | 2009-01-16 |
| US9238687B2 (en) | 2016-01-19 |
| EP2011880A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
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