TWI292722B - Ethylene oxide catalyst - Google Patents
Ethylene oxide catalyst Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI292722B TWI292722B TW090114718A TW90114718A TWI292722B TW I292722 B TWI292722 B TW I292722B TW 090114718 A TW090114718 A TW 090114718A TW 90114718 A TW90114718 A TW 90114718A TW I292722 B TWI292722 B TW I292722B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- silver
- carrier
- ppm
- ethylene oxide
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 68
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 13
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical group [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052977 alkali metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Cs+] HUCVOHYBFXVBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium sulfate Inorganic materials [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FLJPGEWQYJVDPF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- -1 rhodium and sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-(5-carboxythiophen-2-yl)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound S1C(C(=O)O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)S1 DDFHBQSCUXNBSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-morpholin-4-ylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)(C)N1CCOCC1 WWILHZQYNPQALT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQLZINXFSUDMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamidine Chemical compound CC(N)=N OQLZINXFSUDMHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001379910 Ephemera danica Species 0.000 description 1
- QTANTQQOYSUMLC-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ethidium cation Chemical compound C12=CC(N)=CC=C2C2=CC=C(N)C=C2[N+](CC)=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 QTANTQQOYSUMLC-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 206010036790 Productive cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052936 alkali metal sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003190 augmentative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XZUAPPXGIFNDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diamine;hydrate Chemical compound O.NCCN XZUAPPXGIFNDRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000011987 methylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007069 methylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- QCTNFXZBLBPELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxirane;silver Chemical compound [Ag].C1CO1 QCTNFXZBLBPELV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940100890 silver compound Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003379 silver compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003802 sputum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 208000024794 sputum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
- B01J27/055—Sulfates with alkali metals, copper, gold or silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D301/00—Preparation of oxiranes
- C07D301/02—Synthesis of the oxirane ring
- C07D301/03—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds
- C07D301/04—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen
- C07D301/08—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase
- C07D301/10—Synthesis of the oxirane ring by oxidation of unsaturated compounds, or of mixtures of unsaturated and saturated compounds with air or molecular oxygen in the gaseous phase with catalysts containing silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/02—Sulfur, selenium or tellurium; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/053—Sulfates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Epoxy Compounds (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Description
1292722 A7 B7 五、發明説明(1 ) 發明背景 發明領域 本發明係關一種乙缔氧化為環氧乙烷作用之觸媒,包含 銀,鹼金屬如铯及硫的組合物澱積在一載體如α -氧化 鋁,並關用此觸媒製造環氧乙烷;視需要可包括一氟或氯 組份。此觸媒基本上不含鍊或過渡金屬組份。 以往技術之說明 環氧乙烷的製法包含以一由銀在一載體(例如氧化鋁)上 構成之固體觸媒進行乙埽與分子氧之汽相氧化反應。許多 工作者曾極努力從事改進銀觸媒生產環氧乙烷的效用與效 率。美國專利第5,051,395號提供以往工作者此等努力的廣 泛分析。 此方面之許多先前技藝教示包括美國專利第七⑼入丨3 5號 (亦見UK 1,491,447),其指示用於製造環氧乙烷與丙烷之 銀觸媒’其包括助催量之鋼,金,鎂,鋅,鎘,汞,鳃, 鈣,鈮,钽,鉬,鎢,鉻,釩與/或較佳鋇,超過任何在 預成形載體内呈固定式雜質或水泥(第2欄1-15行),生產 環氧丙烷的銀觸媒含助催量之至少一種選自鋰,鉀,鈉, 铷,绝,銅,金,鎂,鋅,鎘,鳃,鈣,鈮,鈕,鉬, 鎢,鉻,釩及鋇中的促進劑,超過任何在預成形載體内呈 固定式雜質或水泥(第2攔1 6 - 3 4行),以及製造環氧乙烷 或環氧丙燒之銀觸媒含(a)助催量的鈉,铯,铷與/或鉀, 及(b)鎂,鳃,鈣與/或較佳鋇之助催量(第3攔5-8行)。 美國專利第5,G57,481號與相關之第4,则,343號係關銀環 '4· 本纸張尺度適用中a國家锞準(CNS) A4規格(2i〇 χ 297公^ ---— 1292722 A7 _____B7 五、發明説明(2 ) 氧乙境觸媒,由铯與一 3b至7b族元素的氧陰離子構成。 美國專利第3,888,889號說明適合氧化丙烯成環氧丙烷作 用的觸媒由元素銀經5b與6b中一元素之化合物改良構 成。雖曾提起使用載體,但無實例。未提用铯。 歐洲公開案0 266 015處理載體上的銀觸媒以鍊與一長列 可能的共同催進劑。 美國專利第5,102,848號論及製造環氧乙烷適用之觸媒含 一浸銀載體,其上亦有至少一種陽離子促進劑如铯,與一 含⑴硫酸根陰離子,(ii)氟化物陰離子,及(丨⑴週期表包括 3b至6b族一元素的氧陰離子。由於在申請專利的觸媒範 圍之外可能為比較用,專利於21與22襴處表現一 6號觸媒 在載體上含八3/〇3/3/?,其〇3量為1〇96??111。 美國專利第5,486,628號說明一銀觸媒,其係以鹼金屬、 鍊及一晞土或鋼屬組份加以促進。 美國專利第5,011,807號敘述一環氧乙烷觸媒由銀,鹼金 屬,一過渡金屬及硫在氧化鋁載體上組成。為比較目的至 現之觸媒包含銀鹼金屬與硫在氧化鋁載體上產生結果遜於 含過渡金屬的觸媒。 在不知所措之大量參考文獻中許多矛盾者,申請人發現 一新穎而進步的觸媒供生產環氧乙烷。 發明之簡述 本發明係關一種改進的載體上銀環氧乙烷觸媒,含促進 劑組合物包括精密量之鹼金屬組份較佳絶,連同硫組份二 者,並有關觸媒製法與用途;觸媒基本上不含鍊及過渡金 本紙張尺度適用中國《家樣準(CNS) Α4規格<210 X 297公釐) 1292722 A7 ______ B7 五、發明説明(3 ) 屬組份,而視需要能含一氟或氯化物組份。 詳細說明 根據本發明所製較佳觸媒最多含約30%重量銀,以金屬 表示,殿積在多孔耐火料載體表面上遍佈各孔。銀含量高 過觸媒總重20%有效,惟結果造成觸媒非必要地昂貴入含 銀量以金屬表示在觸媒總重量之5-20%為宜,含銀量在8· 15%特佳。 本發明觸媒除銀外亦含一促進劑組合由精密量的驗金屬 與硫構成。鹼金屬助催組份精密量以觸媒重量基鹼金屬表 示為至少500 ppm ;較佳觸媒含觸媒重量基700-3000 ppm 的鹼金屬。雖亦能用鋰,鈉,_,铷與混合物等,驗金屬 以铯為佳。浸潰程序如美國專利第3,962,136號内所述者可 有利採用以加絶組份於觸媒。 本發明之實施亦需要相對鹼金屬精密量供應硫作助催觸 媒組份。硫組份能以硫酸鹽如硫酸鹽如硫酸铯,硫酸銨, P·甲苯磺酸等加入觸媒載劑浸潰液。美國專利第4,766,105 號在例如第1 0襴53-60行敘述硫促進劑的用途,在此引用 其發表參考。根據本發明以觸媒重量基計硫量(作元素表 示)係臨界的,必須為生成鹼金屬硫酸鹽如Cs2S04必要當 量之10-150%,較佳為此量的40-100%。 曾發現使用以上指示的相對高量鹼金屬,常會產生不活 潑觸媒,與指定量之硫組合使用時所製觸媒有顯著的活性 及選擇性。 觸媒亦視需要可含一氟或氣促進劑,按元素表示其量為 -6 · 本纸張尺度遴用中國國家樣準(CNS) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1292722 A7 B7 五、發明説明(4 觸媒上視需要組份基之重量比10 — 300 ppm,較佳30-100 ppm。亦能用銨的氟或氯化物,驗金屬之氟或氣化物之 類。 觸媒製作用載體含氧化鋁,矽石,矽石-氧化鋁或其組 合物。較佳載體為主要含α -氧化鋁者,尤其含矽石多達 約1 5重量%者。特佳載體有約〇· 1 -1 ·〇 cc/g的孔隙度,較佳 約0.2-0.7 cc/g可取載體亦有相對低表面積,即約〇 2-2.0 m2/g,較佳0·4·1·6 m2/g,最好用BET法測定之0.5-1.3 m2/g β 參閱 J· Am· Chem· Soc· 60,3098-16 (1938)。孔率用 汞孔率計法測定;參閱 Drake & Ritter, “Ind. Eng. Chem. anal· Ed·,” 17, 787 (1945)。孔與孔徑分佈用表面積與表觀 孔率測量決定。 在環氧乙垸商業生產實用中載體希望作成正規成形丸 片,球形,環狀等。載體粒子宜有‘‘當量直徑,,在3_1〇mm 範園,較佳在4-8 mm範圍内,一般能與其中放置觸媒的小 管内徑相容。“當量直徑”為一如所用載體粒子有相同外表 面(即不計粒子孔隙内表面)對體積比之球徑。 銀宜藉載體沉浸於銀胺浸潰溶液或用起始潤濕技術加入 載體。含銀液體藉吸收,毛細作用及/或直空滲入載體的 孔。單一浸潰或連串浸潰附帶或不帶中間乾燥皆可使周, 分別視溶液中銀鹽濃度而定。欲得銀含量在較佳範圍内之 觸媒,適宜哎液一般可含5-50重量%銀以金屬表示。採用 之確實濃度在許多因數中自然當视所須含銀量,載體性 質,液體黏度,以及銀化合物的溶解度β
本紙張尺度適用中國钃家搮华<CNS) Α4規格<210 X 297公釐) 裝 訂
線 1292722 A7 B7
以上指示的浸潰溶液特徵為一銀/胺溶液,較佳如美國 專利第3,702,259號中詳述者,此處引用其發表參考。美國 專利第3,962,136號内所述浸潰程序作铯組份採用有利。 預澱積,共澱積及澱積後之各種促進劑的已知以往程序 皆可採用。 浸潰後分離一切過多浸液,煅燒或活性化已浸銀之載體 與促進劑(等)。本發明的最佳實務中按1996/4/2所頒普通 讓渡之美國專利5,504,052及1996/1/16提出的待審申請案第 08/587,281號號完成,在此引用參考。烺燒作用係藉浸過 之載體加熱達成,宜以漸進程度至120-500°C範圍内溫度歷 時足夠轉化所含之銀成銀金屬並分解有機物及變成揮發物 脫除。 浸過的載體於全部製程間在3001:以上保持於惰性氣氛 下。不願受理論約束,相信300°C以上溫度時氧被大量吸 收入大部分銀内對觸媒特性有不利影響。發明内採用之惰 性氣氛為基本上不含氧者^ 煅燒的另一選擇方法為在溫度不超過300°C,較佳不超 過280°C之空氣流中加熱觸媒。 根據本發明所製觸媒有改善績效,特別由分子氧氣相氧 化乙缔製造環氧乙烷之穩定性。此等通常包含約150°C至 400°C的溫度,一般約200°C至300°C,及自0.5至35巴範圍間 之反應壓力。反虑物進料混合物含0.5至30%乙缔與3-1 5% 氧,其他含較惰性物質包括氮,二氧化碳,甲貌,乙燒;, 及氬等物質。每行程通過觸媒的乙缔通常僅一部分反應, -8-本纸張尺度適用中國國家樣準<〇1^3) A4規格(210 X 297公釐) 1292722 A7 _____B7 _ I、發明説明(6~~) _ 分離所須環氧乙烷產物後移除適當清洗流體及二氧化碳以 防止惰性物與/或副產物不受控制的累積,未反應物質則 送回氧化反應器〇 以往技術鍊助催觸媒之一缺點為此等觸媒附屬之不穩定 性。根據本發明,不含鍊的觸媒具有利的高選擇性與高穩 定性。 以下實例說明本發明。 實例1 用下列組份製備一銀溶液 (重量比份數): 氧化銀-834份 草酸-442份 去離子水-2808份 乙二胺-415份 氧化銀與水混合後在室溫下,緩緩添加草酸。混合物攪 摔1 5分鐘後,氧化銀之黑色懸浮液變為草酸銀之灰/棕 色《濾過混合物,以3公升去離子水清洗固體。 將盛此洗清固體的容器置冰浴内,攪拌中緩加乙二胺與 水(呈72%/28%混合物)俾保持反應溫度低於3 3 °C。乙二 胺-水混合物全部添加後室溫中濾過溶液。用透明濾液作 製備觸媒之銀/胺儲液。 實例用載體得自Norton Co·,主要為5/16吋圓筒式《 -氧 化鋁製作。載體有表面積0.95 m2/g,孔隙度.3 cc/g,及中 點孔徑1 ·5 μ。實例内約185份的銀溶液與不同量下列液體 -9- ' 本紙張尺度逋用中a«家揉準(CNS) Α4規格{210Χ297公釐)
裝 訂
線 1292722 A7 __87五、發明説明(7 ) 混合: 1. CsOH液(8%Cs重量比水液), 2 ·氟化铵(3 % F重量比水液), 3·硫酸氫銨(1 % S重量比水液) 促進劑溶液量經調節得表内所示促進劑濃度。 攪拌銀儲液與助催液的混合物至確實均勻後加進4〇〇份 載體。濕觸媒混合1 0分鐘後烺燒。 加熱觸媒達銀鹽之分解溫度使銀化合物煅燒並澱積。在 一控制氣氛有幾個加熱區的爐内完成。觸媒裝在移動帶上 於室溫進爐。逐區通過時觸媒漸升溫。上升達4〇〇 °C時觸 媒經過七加熱區。加熱區後移動帶通過冷卻區,觸媒漸冷 至100t以下溫度。爐内總計逗留22分鐘。爐内氣氛由不 同加熱區中氮流控制。下表所示有些例用空氣完成煅燒。 觸媒在用鹽浴加熱之管内試驗。含15 %乙烯,7%氧與 78%惰性主要為氮與二氧化碳的氣態混合物於30〇 ps.i g 送過觸媒。調節反應溫度以獲得每小時每m3觸媒160 Kg環 戰乙健生產率’此溫度在表内報告。 觸媒試驗的結果综列於下表中。 虹 實例 Cs ppm S ppm S/2Cs 比 溫度 °C 選擇性 % EO 備註 1 (比較) 1050 0 0 258 77.3 1.5 2 1050 85 0.672 235 84.5 1.56 經發現S之濃度係當量C s水準的20-1 50%時觸媒之活性 -10- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揲準(CNS) Α4规格(210X 297公釐) 1292722 A7 B7 五、發明説明(8 ) 與選擇性大為增進。當S濃度為當量Cs水準的50-100%時 此利益特別顯著。以上二例說明加S效果,加臨界範圍内 S與不加S之相似觸媒比較反應溫度降低2 3度而選擇性高7 點。 當添加高濃度的觸媒鹼金屬組份時觸媒實際無活性。但 加S結果績效良好由下表内實例證明。 此組實例可見加S對觸媒之選擇性與活性顯著增加;此 較實例3與4,5與6,以及7與8。 無S存在,並加高量Cs超過1000 ppm,觸媒實際無活 性。但添加指定範圍内之硫結果選擇性特高,8 4 %以上, 活性適度,如下表所示: 表2 實例 Cs ppm S ppm S/2Cs 比 溫度 °C 選擇性 % EO 備註 3 (比較) 2450 0 0 260 30.0 0.03 觸媒無活性 4 2551 307 1 243 85.0 1.5 5 (比較) 1166 0 0 260 65.2 0.25 觸媒無活性 6 1092 305 2.32 253 83.3 1.5 7 (比較) 4007 0 0 260 25 • 001 觸媒無活性 8 3953 408 0.86 254 83.6 1.5 9 5418 565 0.87 243 83.8 1.37 表3 實例 # Cs ppm S ppm S/2Cs ppm % Ag 促進劑 溫度 °c 選擇 性% EO 10 1459 180 1.0 12.27 CS2SO4/NH4CI 234 35.9 1.5 11 2282 274 1.0 11.09 : Cs2S04 242 85.9 1.5 12 1566 98 0.52 11.96 Cs2S〇4/CsOH/ 239 86.6 1.5 -11 - 本紙張尺度逋用中國國家揉準(CNS) A4规格(210X 297公釐) 1292722 A7 B7 五、發明説明(9 ) NH4C1 13 1480 98 0.55 11.98 Cs2S〇4/CsOH/ NH4C1 245 86.7 1.5 14 1460 98 0.56 11.93 Cs2S04/Cs0H/ NH4CI 243 86.8 1.5 15 1580 115 0.6 11.68 Cs2S〇4/CsOH/ NH4CI 243 87.0 1.5 上表内S/2Cs比=1代表100%當量之硫形成硫酸铯。例如 0.86的S/2Cs代表86%當量之硫形成硫酸铯。 -12- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家揲準(CNS) A4規格<210 X 297公釐)
Claims (1)
- 1292^22 六、申請專利範圍 1· 一種用於乙烯轉化成環氧乙烷之氧化作用之不含鍊與 過渡金屬之觸媒,其包含附於固態載體上之銀,且包 含一促進劑組合,該促進劑組合基本上由以下所構成 以觸媒重量計’含量為700至3000 ppm之絶組份;及(2) 形成鹼金屬硫化物所需之10至150%當量之硫組份;及5 至20%之銀。 2·根據申請專利範圍第1項之觸媒,其中該載體為α -氧 化鋁。 3·根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒,其另外包含10至 300 ppm之氟組份。 4· 一種製造環氧乙健之方法,其包括使乙缔與分子氧於 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之觸媒之存在下反應。 本纸珉尺度遑用中國國家棣準(CNS) A4规格(210 X 297公釐)
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| US7348444B2 (en) * | 2003-04-07 | 2008-03-25 | Shell Oil Company | Process for the production of an olefin oxide |
| US6858560B2 (en) * | 2003-04-23 | 2005-02-22 | Scientific Design Co., Inc. | Ethylene oxide catalyst |
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| US8703984B2 (en) * | 2004-08-12 | 2014-04-22 | Velocys, Inc. | Process for converting ethylene to ethylene oxide using microchannel process technology |
| US7507844B2 (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-03-24 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Nanometer scale restructuring of alumina carrier surface and catalysts for the production of alkene oxides |
| CA2641225A1 (en) * | 2006-02-03 | 2007-08-16 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for treating a catalyst, the catalyst, and use of the catalyst |
| US8097557B2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2012-01-17 | Sd Lizenverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Two-stage calcination for catalyst production |
| US7977274B2 (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2011-07-12 | Sd Lizenzverwertungsgesellschaft Mbh & Co. Kg | Catalyst with bimodal pore size distribution and the use thereof |
| TWI446964B (zh) | 2007-05-09 | 2014-08-01 | Shell Int Research | 環氧化催化劑,製備該催化劑之方法及製備烯烴氧化物、1,2-二醇、1,2-二醇醚、1,2-碳酸酯或烷醇胺之方法 |
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| CA2723517C (en) * | 2008-05-07 | 2017-03-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | A process for the start-up of an epoxidation process, a process for the production of ethylene oxide, a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine |
| EP2300447A1 (en) | 2008-07-14 | 2011-03-30 | Basf Se | Process for making ethylene oxide |
| US8524927B2 (en) | 2009-07-13 | 2013-09-03 | Velocys, Inc. | Process for making ethylene oxide using microchannel process technology |
| KR101786935B1 (ko) | 2009-12-28 | 2017-10-18 | 다우 테크놀로지 인베스트먼츠 엘엘씨. | 알킬렌 옥사이드의 제조시 은 촉매 상의 은 클로라이드의 생성을 제어하는 방법 |
| US8629079B2 (en) | 2011-04-14 | 2014-01-14 | Basf Se | Process for producing a catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| JP6357586B2 (ja) | 2014-10-20 | 2018-07-11 | ヴェロシーズ テクノロジーズ リミテッド | 熱除去プロセス |
| JP6442088B2 (ja) | 2015-05-01 | 2018-12-19 | ベロシス テクノロジーズ リミテッド | 統合GTL(gas−to−liquids)設備を操作するための方法 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8626687D0 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1986-12-10 | Shell Int Research | Preparing silver catalyst |
| CA1337722C (en) * | 1989-04-18 | 1995-12-12 | Madan Mohan Bhasin | Alkylene oxide catalysts having enhanced activity and/or stability |
| US5051395A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-09-24 | Union Carbide Chemicals And Plastics Technology Corporation | Alkylene oxide catalysts having enhanced activity and/or efficiency |
| US5102848A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-04-07 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Catalyst composition for oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide |
| US5145824A (en) * | 1991-01-22 | 1992-09-08 | Shell Oil Company | Ethylene oxide catalyst |
| US5854167A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1998-12-29 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Ethylene oxide catalyst |
| US5958824A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-09-28 | Scientific Design Co., Inc. | Ethylene oxide catalyst |
| US5905053A (en) * | 1997-09-02 | 1999-05-18 | Scientific Design Company, Inc. | Ethylene oxide catalyst |
-
2001
- 2001-04-25 AU AU5724101A patent/AU5724101A/xx active Pending
- 2001-04-25 EP EP01930735A patent/EP1289653A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2001-04-25 BR BR0110468-3A patent/BR0110468A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 CN CNB018088732A patent/CN1185049C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-04-25 KR KR1020027013962A patent/KR20030003257A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-25 JP JP2001579967A patent/JP2004515331A/ja active Pending
- 2001-04-25 AU AU2001257241A patent/AU2001257241B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-25 KR KR1020077024209A patent/KR20070110450A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2001-04-25 MX MXPA02010245A patent/MXPA02010245A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-04-25 RU RU2002130194/04A patent/RU2278730C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-04-25 WO PCT/US2001/013284 patent/WO2001083105A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2001-06-18 TW TW090114718A patent/TWI292722B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-11-06 IN IN1131DE2001 patent/IN2001DE01131A/en unknown
- 2001-11-13 US US10/056,710 patent/US6762311B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6762311B2 (en) | 2004-07-13 |
| WO2001083105A1 (en) | 2001-11-08 |
| EP1289653A1 (en) | 2003-03-12 |
| AU2001257241B2 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
| KR20030003257A (ko) | 2003-01-09 |
| IN2001DE01131A (zh) | 2006-01-13 |
| KR20070110450A (ko) | 2007-11-16 |
| BR0110468A (pt) | 2005-01-11 |
| RU2278730C2 (ru) | 2006-06-27 |
| MXPA02010245A (es) | 2003-05-23 |
| JP2004515331A (ja) | 2004-05-27 |
| RU2002130194A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
| CN1185049C (zh) | 2005-01-19 |
| CN1438920A (zh) | 2003-08-27 |
| US20020107410A1 (en) | 2002-08-08 |
| EP1289653A4 (en) | 2004-07-14 |
| AU5724101A (en) | 2001-11-12 |
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