TWI287521B - A ship propeller made of a shock-absorbing and strength-reinforced nano-plastics material - Google Patents

Abstract

A production method is provided for ship propeller made of a shock-absorbing and strength-reinforced nano-plastics material. The material is a mixture of plastics materials and nano-materials so as to have excellent shock-absorbing property and higher strength according to the nano-physics theory developed by the inventor. This invention proposes to mix appropriate amount of nano-powder of particles of the size less than 1000 nm from carbon, metal, metal oxides, ceramics, or minerals with plastics material for producing the shock-absorbing and strength-reinforced nano-plastics material; and to use the mixed material for making ship propellers. The features is that when the propeller rotates in the water, the shock wave produced by the impact of water on the propeller will be absorbed effectively so that shock and noise inside the cabinet of the ship will be reduced significantly. Furthermore, since the weight of the propeller is lighter and the moment of inertia is smaller, the agility of maneuvering or moving backward of the ship will be increased.

Description

1287521 Based on the new use of nano-powder. The material size is reduced to the nanometer scale. The inventor believes that the nano-body: the ratio of the area of the atom of the f-plane is very high. In this relationship, there will be a lack of covalent electric surface;: JJff is exposed to the outside world at this time, and it is urgent to capture the residual key of the thunder, but it is in a state of extreme instability, reducing power, so the following is called to win the face, p= The nano-body has a very strong chemical ball, which is caused by the exposure. Looking around the human beings, the ground friction produces electricity, and the water is quiet. During the rising process, the water vapor and air surface free radicals have a strong U-power 3! 3 surface atmosphere with negative electricity. Since the negatively charged atmosphere in the surrounding area captures 30% of the electricity, it immediately goes to the nanometer:: ίί: The nano-body can prove that the material has a crystalline structure, and the nano-bound state. Set the maximum energy level 0 to the slightly higher energy gap (3), such as the first! ^ household; ^. a is in the price band (2), the surface of the body + absorbing electrons can be seen as the same as the N-type semiconductor body), but there is a clear difference between the two, one is that the two n-type semiconductors are not charged, and the second is negatively negative = semiconductor The electrons (the body) are inside the lion. In the first part of the table, it is easy to absorb energy from the outside and enhance its energy level. When the energy obtained by the electron rt is greater than (corrected), the surface of the surface absorbs electrons into the conduction band (1); as shown in the second figure, the surface can be separated from the surface of the material to become free. Free radicals on the surface, then the surface free radicals are again licking their bodies and? Let go ί. According to the study by the inventors of the present invention, the surface absorption electrons of the nano surface have the following absorption energy and energy level changes: (1) photon impact causes conduction or free action; (2) low frequency light reflection and high frequency light transmission; (3) Particle impact causes conduction or free action; 1287521 (4) absorbs electromagnetic wave heat generation; (5) conducts heat and radiates heat to cause conduction or free action; (6) electric field pulls to conduct electricity or free action; (7) absorbs shock wave ( Supersonic pressure wave) causes conduction or free action; (8) Absorption of diluted wave (supersonic tension wave) causes conduction or free action; (9) Conductive or free action caused by catastrophic magnetic field induction; (10) Vertically perpendicular to each other The induction of static electric and magnetic fields causes conduction enhancement; (11) absorption of elastic waves (sonic and ultrasonic) causes conduction or free action;

(12) Friction causes conduction or free action. ', Nai, the reason why the material has many singular characteristics, because the negatively charged surface attracts electrons, f easily absorbs the above various types of energy and can change or dissipate energy levels, including: (1) Photocatalytic action; (2) chemical catalyst action; (3) parent surface appearance; (4) double sparse surface phenomenon; (5) dispersion; (6) high refractive index; (7') high induction rate; ) far infrared ^reflectivity; (9) reflection shading effect with material particle size becomes smaller and blue shift phenomenon; (10) high conductivity; (1) high thermal conductivity; ((2) high specific heat; (10) fire resistance; (14) Dry grinding to cohesion; 〇5) low melting point; 〇6) increased toughness; (17) vapor pressure rise; (18) electromagnetic wave absorption; (19) sound absorbing; capillary too, powder and plastic Mixing the bridge and increasing the strength, the conductivity is better than that of the rise; (22) the non-magnetic material is ferromagnetic; (10) the magnetic return of the nano magnetic body; (24) the giant magnetoresistance phenomenon; 25) The working principle of biochip; (10) the action of charcoal; (27) the carbon nanotubes with strange properties; (28) the black metal powder (nano) discharge phenomenon; (32) strong Friction decontamination sterilization; (33) = (34) shock absorbing effect; (35) nanowires having strong netting function; ⑽) nm derivative of f f superconducting strict financial officer. In addition, there are still some mistakes in helping the nano phenomenon. Food mouth: Jiekou Electronics ^ Niubu MEMS, energy, environmental protection, biology, medicine, health care, food mouth, makeup mouth, ancient transmission therapy and natural phenomena Waiting for the pasture. It is based on the principle of the shock absorption effect of No. (5) and the blending of the truss (21) in the 37 characteristics of the above-mentioned nanomaterials. 7 1287521 The surface area of the unit is not covered by a dangling bond. Each dangling bond can capture a dangling bond with insufficient 配=Ns coordination, and assuming that each life, ΗΗ-耆 electron, the absorbing electron of the spherical nano material

Body density (number of units per volume 3NS

Nd-r)Nd is (1) The nanometer 5 formula indicates that the surface absorbing electron density is greater. The smaller the particle size of the ruthenium, the smaller the surface is absorbed by the electronic body. The heat balance at the temperature T is known to be the temperature of the π Du 曰 曰 率 为 为 F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F 持 持 持 持 持 持 持 持 持Instrument τ (2) 1 _ 2me 3/2 (3)

娜)dE= i [下](E_Eg)1/2dE where me is the effective mass of the electron, h = h/27r, and h is the Plank constant. The number of electrons per unit volume of the conduction band Nc is

Nc= £ Cut (E)/(E)dE=2(27cmekT/h2)3/V(Eg-_T

Nc = n〇e

-(E^)/kT η〇= 2(27tmekTh -2x3/2 (4) (5) 8 1287521 It is assumed that all of the electrons entering the conduction band 1 are from the surface absorbing electrons. Let Nd be the total surface absorbing electron density; 〗 Represents the electron occlusion density of the surface that has entered the conduction band and is at the original ground state energy level. Because of the ground state energy level EpEg-Ed,

1 +e(Eg_Ed,)/kT NJ = Nd/CEg-Ed-μ) = d

Nd Nd - Nd - Nd |^_g"(Eg-Ed^)/kT Because e("_Eg+Ed)/kT >>Bu, (6) can be simplified to C Nd Nd = e-(Eg-Ed ^)/kT Note the N:= Nc relationship, then combine (4) and (7) with the formula g-(Eg^)/kT =(Nd/n〇)1/2e-Ed/2kT (6) (7) (8) (9)

Substituting equation (8) into equation (4), the surface conduction electron density is Ncs(n〇Nd)1/2e-Ed/kT (9): the nanometer-sized insulator particles are larger: d is larger and The temperature (τ) is high (n◦ is compared to the area where the electron emissivity is toward the X direction (perpendicular to the surface). Unit 9 1287521 vxn (iT〇di>xdi>y(〇>z = n(^) dedi>ydi&gt ;z 〇〇) where ε is kinetic energy, n(P,r) is the number of electrons per unit phase space, and can be expressed as η(ίΓ〇= -\f (ll) h3 by the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. For Ji JeVxn Mao, 7) 5 J-oo i: Je II called this buckle h3

q (e-Ef)/kT (12) where e is the charge of the electron and Ef is the fermi energy of the metal. Using the (e-Ef) >>kT condition, the post-integral is simplified, and j = AT2e 0/kT (13) A = 4^mekT2h~3 = 120 amp/cm2-deg2 (14) Φ = E〇- Ef (15) Ef = h' ( 3tt2Nc) 2/3 2m (16) Looking at the results of (13) ~ (16), the higher the temperature τ and the smaller the nanoparticle (the larger the Nc), The higher the thermal emission current density. The occurrence of thermal radiation currents indicates that the surface attracts electrons off the surface and free radicals. The plastic is covalently bonded by a relatively small molecule of a molecule, and becomes a linear molecule. However, the side bond between the linear chains is less likely to occur or is a weak bond, so the time is affected by heat or external force. = easily damaged or caused plastic deformation. 1287521 The nano-substrate in this case is plastic, but because it is mixed with nano-particle material, the blend will rub and heat during the processing flow, causing the nano-particles to detach, leaving surface free radicals and attracting linearity. The long chain becomes the long bond between the bridges and the bridge. The structure of the plastic material changes, and the long-chain structure becomes a network polymer, which greatly increases the strength of the material.

As for the case, the mixture of the above-mentioned seven characteristics of the nano-materials is numbered (34), and the mixture of the nano-organic impedance (2) and the hard-wave-resistance resin (3) is used as the shock absorbing material. As shown in the third figure. Once the shock enters the shock absorbing material, the shock wave (pressure wave) acts as an inverse & ^The shock wave is at the seismic velocity Usi of the original matter (1), the particle velocity &, and the density of the particle reaches the receiving material (2). The pressure changes from P1 to P2, and the mass point shoots and wears the gamma. At this time, the inverse (four) wave velocity is κ, the shock wave. The speed is US2, as shown in the detail. According to the amount of f and momentum, the relationship is pi U S1+ p 01 Usi = 0 (17) P2 - Pi Usi (UP2 » Upi) ? (18) Pl = i〇〇i Usi Upi , (19) P2 - / 〇02 Us2 Up2, (20) where Ρΰ1 and ρ°2 are mass densities when the shock wave is not reached, use (17) to (20) to find: Up2 2p〇iUsi =----- Up丨poiUsi + p〇2us2 (21) 2p02Us2

(22) 1287521 [Simple description of the diagram] ita is the energy map of the electrons on the surface of the nanometer. MM.: (1)—the conduction band, (2)—the valence band, (3) 0—the highest energy level of the valence band is zero, ', Ea- a surface absorbs the ground state energy of the electron, Eg - the lowest energy level of the conduction band, the highest energy level of the E-conduction band, Ed = Eg_Ea. The cover soil is: the energy level map of the conduction electrons on the metal surface. Logic soul · φ~ - a work function, E〇 -_〇 The lowest energy level of the conduction band is zero, 1--~ conduction band, 2———straight

Ef —~-Fermi energy level, - Surface conduction electrons are required to escape from the surface of the lowest G. Surface: Phoenix is the vibration absorbing material body. On the nickname · 1 1 - shock absorption material body. Resin with a particle size _ under metal, metal oxide, and 3 lower shock impedance. Ceramic or impedance nanoparticle 1 ~ resin, p01 resin original density, 2 - nanometer teach, 3 - interface, P 02 ~ one nanometer particle original density 1287521 pi - a resin density after shock , P2-shock wave pressure after reflection, US1---reflection wave velocity 'UP2---reflection particle velocity'

Pi---the shock wave pressure before reflection,

Usi- an original shock wave speed,

Upi---the mass velocity before reflection,

Us2---Neilai particle shock wave velocity. The fifth picture shows the reflection state of the shock wave when the nanoparticle of the higher seismic impedance enters the resin with low seismic impedance. Drawing No.: 1—Nano particle '2—Resin' 3—Interface' Ρ οι---Natural particle original density 'P〇2---Resin original density' pi-A nanometer after shock Particle density, swell-shock wave pressure before reflection, P2---shock wave pressure after reflection, Usi original shock wave velocity,

Jsl· Reflected seismic velocity ’ US2 resin internal shock wave velocity’

Upi---Pre-reflection particle velocity UP2-After-reflection particle velocity. [Main component symbol description]

14

Claims (1)

1287521 X. The scope of application for patents: 卞月日礓 / On, the nano-shock and reinforced plastic propellers are based on the combination of physics and plastics, which are strong in shock absorption and strengthening materials. The two substances, the second scorpion and the use of the appropriate amount of carbon, metal, metal oxygen, half-heel, etc., which are below 1000nm, are replaced by the strengthening agent or filler, and the proportion of Nai, _Wei··· Mixing to generate nano-shocking, strengthening the ship's spiral purple body material, and using the conventional plastic molding method ϋ ϋ ϋ ϋ 当 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋 螺旋It is necessary to make the motion and buzzer in the cabin drop drastically, and the relationship between the light weight and the small inertia of the ft is such that the ship opening and the sensation of the sag are improved.