TW201826029A - 輻射敏感組合物以及圖案化及金屬化方法 - Google Patents
輻射敏感組合物以及圖案化及金屬化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本發明大體上係關於圖案化及金屬化方法以及適用於此類方法之輻射敏感組合物。更確切而言,所述方法及組合物適用於在基板上沈積金屬,例如,以用於在金屬層上形成微金屬凸塊。本發明尤其適用於半導體製造業,例如,適用於半導體裝置及MEM製造,且適用於封裝應用,如適用於形成金屬凸塊以用於微處理器或記憶體裝置之疊層封裝、疊層晶片或覆晶接合。
移動、物聯網(IoT)及可穿戴電子產品需要越來越小、越來越輕及越來越薄之裝置。用於此等裝置之微處理器及記憶體亦有類似需求。此等電子裝置之製造及封裝在尺寸減小之要求中起重要作用。舉例而言,覆晶封裝方法已用於增加各裝置之間的輸入/輸出(I/O)連接之密度,尤其對於MPU及DRAM半導體晶片而言如此。
作為晶片至晶片連接之方法,相比於焊接凸塊,已研究金屬柱凸塊,如銅柱凸塊,以利用有益之連接耐性、高密度連接、金屬遷移耐性及熱耗散特性。已使用電鍍作為銅柱凸塊陣列之製造方法。將乾膜抗蝕劑(Dry Film Resist,DFR)黏附於濺鍍銅薄膜表面上,且藉由光微影製備具有接觸孔陣列之遮罩圖案。隨後藉由電鍍在銅表面上之接觸孔圖案中形成柱。移除光致抗蝕劑,且藉由蝕刻移除先前由抗蝕劑覆蓋之薄濺鍍銅層。i線(365nm)或寬頻帶微影 通常用於使鍍覆之遮罩圖案成像。
製備鍍覆之遮罩圖案之另一方法為使用厚光致抗蝕劑層以回應於較厚及較窄柱尺寸之要求,以進一步增加I/O密度。化學增幅型光致抗蝕劑可為達成更高解析度圖案所需之更快敏感度及改良之透明度的適合選擇。此類抗蝕劑組合物通常包含具有酸不穩定基團、光酸產生劑(PAG)及溶劑之聚合物。然而,當化學增幅型抗蝕劑在如銅層之金屬層上形成時,已觀測到底腳輪廓問題。本發明人相信此類底腳輪廓問題為光酸存在於金屬表面與抗蝕劑之間的界面之結果。
包括苯并三唑(BTA)、抗蝕劑苯并咪唑及三唑以防止底腳問題之抗蝕劑組合物為已知的(參見JP2004198944A、WO2006059392A及JP2001249451A)。然而,仍需要可在金屬層上提供微遮罩圖案之新型方法及抗蝕劑組合物。
根據本發明之第一態樣,提供圖案化方法。所述方法包括:(i)在基板上形成輻射敏感膜,其中輻射敏感膜包括:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑及(d)第二淬滅劑;(ii)使輻射敏感膜圖案式地曝光於活化輻射;及(iii)使輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以形成抗蝕劑圖案;其中樹脂包括以下重複單元:
其中:R1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%; 且按樹脂之所有重複單元計,樹脂中兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大;且第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供在金屬層上沈積金屬之方法。所述方法所述包括以下步驟:(i)在金屬層上形成輻射敏感膜,其中膜包括:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑及(d)第二淬滅劑;(ii)使輻射敏感膜圖案式地曝光於活化輻射;及(iii)使輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以移除輻射敏感膜之曝光部分;以及(iv)將金屬層浸沒於金屬鍍覆液中且在輻射敏感膜之曝光部分中之金屬層上沈積金屬;其中樹脂包括以下兩個重複單元:
其中:R1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按樹脂之所有重複單元計,樹脂中兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大;且第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
根據本發明之另一態樣,提供輻射敏感組合物。組合物包括:(a)樹脂;(b)兩種或更多種光酸產生劑;(c)第一淬滅劑;(d)第二淬滅劑;以及(e)溶劑;其中樹脂包括以下兩個重複單元:
其中:R1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按樹脂之所有重複單元計,樹脂中兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或 更大;其中光酸產生劑選自:N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺樟腦-10-磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羥基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺醯氧基)鄰苯二甲醯亞胺及N-羥基丁二醯亞胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯;其中第一淬滅劑選自:苯并三唑或其衍生物;其中第二淬滅劑選自N,N-二乙基十二醯胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、4-羥基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯及N-烯丙基已內醯胺;且其中組合物之固體含量為10至60重量%。
圖1-8及10-26為來自實例之接觸孔抗蝕劑圖案之橫截面SEM影像;圖9為來自實例之晶圓之光影像;且圖27為來自實例之抗蝕劑移除後柱陣列之SEM影像。
本發明使用輻射敏感膜,其包括:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑及(d)第二淬滅劑。輻射敏感膜由包括以下之組合物形成:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑、(d)第二淬滅劑及(e)溶劑。
(a)樹脂
組合物之樹脂包括以下兩個單元:
在化學式中,R1選自氫原子、甲基、氰基(-CN)或三氟甲基(-CF3)。較佳地,R1選自氫原子或甲基。Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基。提供酸不穩定部分之此類非氫取代基之實例包含但不限於第三丁基、乙基環戊基、乙基環己基、2-甲基金剛烷基、2-乙基金剛烷基及2-異丙基-2-金剛烷基。n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按樹脂之所有重複單元計,樹脂中兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大。
樹脂包括至少兩種不同單元類型:(i)羥基苯乙烯單元,及(ii)具有提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基之丙烯酸酯單元。樹脂可由包括羥基苯乙烯及具有提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基之丙烯酸酯的單體混合物合成。具有提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基之丙烯酸酯的實例包含但不限於以下:
其中R1如上文所定義。
按所述樹脂之總重複單元計,樹脂中兩個單元之總量為80莫耳%或更大,較佳為85莫耳%或更大,且進一步更佳為90莫耳%或更大。最佳樹脂由以下組成:4-羥基苯乙烯重複單元及具有提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基之丙烯酸酯重複單元。由於多羥基苯乙烯之鹼性溶解速率較高,相比於通常所用之甲酚-酚醛清漆樹脂,4-羥基苯乙烯單元促使樹脂在鹼性溶液中之溶解度提高。提供丙烯酸酯之酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基藉由酸催化之去保護移除,從而產生羧基功能單元,其提供樹脂在鹼性溶液中提高之溶解度,進而使圖案顯影。
樹脂除了羥基苯乙烯單元及具有提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基的丙烯酸酯單元以外,亦可包括第三單元。提供第三單元之單體(亦即,第 三單體)可包含於單體混合物中。此類第三單體之實例包含但不限於:苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸分支鏈或正鏈烷酯,如丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯或丙烯酸異丁酯;丙烯酸分支鏈或正鏈羥基烷酯,如丙烯酸2-羥乙酯、丙烯酸3-羥丙酯或丙烯酸2-羥丙酯;及烷基醚丙烯酸酯,如甲氧基丙烯酸乙酯或乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯。此外,一或多種如上文所描述之其他樹脂及/或不同樹脂可用於本發明之光致抗蝕劑組合物。
如使用苯乙烯聚合物標準物之GPC所量測,樹脂之重量平均分子量(Mw)為8,000至50,000道爾頓,較佳為10,000至30,000道爾頓。
按組合物之總固體計,組合物中聚合物之含量通常為70至99重量%,較佳為80至98重量%。按總組合物計,組合物中聚合物之含量通常為10至60重量%,較佳為30至50重量%。
(b)光酸產生劑(PAG)
本發明之光致抗蝕劑組合物包含一或多種光酸產生劑(PAG)。PAG在例如200至500nm、通常365nm(i線)波長之曝光波長下應吸收能量。
光酸產生劑較佳選自磺醯亞胺型PAG。磺醯亞胺型PAG意味著在分子中具有磺醯亞胺結構之PAG。較佳地,使用複數種磺醯亞胺型PAG,且通常為兩種。此類磺醯亞胺型PAG之實例包含但不限於N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺樟腦-10-磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羥基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺醯氧基)鄰苯二甲醯亞胺及N-羥基丁二醯亞胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯。N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯及N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯尤其較佳。
本發明人已發現含腈之肟型光酸產生劑可能並不適用於本發明之某些態樣。舉例而言,本發明人已發現含腈之肟型光酸產生劑可在旋塗及預 烘烤過程之後引起銅表面上之爆裂問題,而當在如矽表面上之其他基板類型上塗佈組合物時此類問題可能不存在。因此,本發明之組合物視情況可無含腈之PAG。
按樹脂(a)之重量計,輻射敏感膜中PAG之量較佳為0.01至10重量%,更佳為0.2至2.0重量%。
(c)第一淬滅劑
第一淬滅劑可有效地減少金屬層上接觸孔圖案底部處之底腳輪廓問題。當輻射敏感(光致抗蝕劑)膜在如銅或銅合金層之金屬層上形成時,膜之光敏性在其具有金屬層之界面之區域中可降低據相信,光敏性之此減少由在電化學反應中消耗藉由在抗蝕劑膜/金屬層界面處形成之金屬離子產生之光酸而造成(參見Griffin等人,用於金屬鈍化動力學之簡單相變模型(A Simple Phase Transition Model for Metal Passivation Kinetics),《電化學學會志(J.Electrochem.Soc.)》,第131卷,第1期,第18-21頁)。認為此會引起界面處光酸之低濃度。其結果為,樹脂之丙烯酸酯單元上酸不穩定部分之酸催化之斷裂在抗蝕劑/銅界面將為較不有效的,且底腳會產生。認為第一淬滅劑可有效地抑制金屬離子在抗蝕劑膜/金屬層界面處形成。
第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物。苯并三唑衍生物之實例包含但不限於:1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、1-胺基苯并三唑、1-(甲醯胺基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑、1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羥基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羥基-5-第三-辛基苯基)苯并三唑、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑、5,6-甲基-1H-苯并三唑及5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物。較佳地,苯并三唑、1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑或5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物可用於本發明。本發明人已發現苯并三唑或其衍生物可防止如銅離子之金屬離子形成而不使輻射敏感膜之敏感度降低。
按樹脂(a)之重量計,輻射敏感膜中第一淬滅劑之量較佳為0.001至1.0重量%,更佳為0.005至0.2重量%,且最佳為0.01至0.1重量%。
(d)第二淬滅劑
認為第二淬滅劑在輻射敏感膜之中間或上表面區域中用作酸擴散控制物,以補償苯并三唑類似物之相對較高揮發性。當形成輻射敏感膜而不使用第二淬滅劑時,接觸孔側壁可具有錐形輪廓。筆直的且垂直的側壁對金屬柱凸塊形成非常有利。除正鏈及分支鏈三級烷基胺外,第二淬滅劑選自胺化合物。如三乙基胺、三辛基胺、三乙醇胺或三異丙醇胺之三級烷基胺在抗蝕劑存儲期間可與磺醯亞胺型PAG相互作用。此類PAG-淬滅劑相互作用可隨時間降低抗蝕劑顯影對比及敏感度。
第二淬滅劑之實例包含但不限於:N,N-二乙基十二醯胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛(特羅格爾氏鹼(Troger's Base))、4-羥基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯及N-烯丙基已內醯胺。
按樹脂(a)之重量計,輻射敏感膜中第二淬滅劑之量較佳為0.001至1.0重量%,更佳為0.01至0.5重量%或0.02至0.2重量%。
(e)溶劑
組合物包括至少一種溶劑。溶劑之實例包含但不限於:丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、丙二醇1-甲醚(PGME)、乳酸乙酯(EL)、2-羥基異丁酸甲酯(HBM)、γ-丁內酯(GBL)、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、2-庚酮、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮及苯甲醚,較佳為PGMEA、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、2-庚酮、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮、苯甲醚及其組合。按總組合物計,組合物中溶劑之含量通常為40至90重量%,較佳為50至70重量%。
(f)視情況選用之組分
輻射敏感組合物可包括其他視情況選用之成分,如一或多種表面 流平劑(SLA)、助黏劑及/或塑化劑。若使用,則按組合物之總固體計,SLA較佳以0.001至0.1重量%之量存在,且按組合物之總固體計,助黏劑及/或塑化劑各自以0.1至10重量%之量存在。
現將描述利用輻射敏感組合物之根據本發明之方法。根據本發明之圖案化方法,輻射敏感膜如本文中所描述由輻射敏感組合物在基板上形成。組合物可以藉由旋塗、浸漬、輥塗或其他習知之塗佈技術而施用於基板上。在此等技術中,旋塗為典型的。對於旋塗,塗佈溶液之固體含量可以基於所使用之特定塗佈設備、溶液之黏度、塗佈工具之速度及允許旋轉之時間量進行調節以提供所需膜厚度。
輻射敏感膜可以隨後經軟烘烤以使膜中之溶劑含量降至最低,進而形成無黏性塗層且改善層與基板之黏著。軟烘烤可以在加熱板上或烘箱中進行,其中加熱板為典型的。
輻射敏感膜隨後經由光罩圖案式地曝光於活化輻射以在曝光區域與未曝光區域之間產生溶解度差異。本文中對使輻射敏感膜曝光於對膜活化之輻射的提及表明輻射能夠在膜中形成潛像。光罩具有對應於抗蝕劑層之區域之光學透明區域及光學不透明區域以藉由活化輻射分別曝光及未曝光。曝光波長通常為亞500nm,如200至500nm或可見光。較佳地,曝光在輻射為365nm波長(i線)之情況下進行。
在輻射敏感膜曝光之後,通常進行曝光後烘烤(PEB)以自膜移除溶劑。PEB可以例如在加熱板上或烘箱中進行。進而形成由極性切換區與非切換區域(分別對應於曝光區域與未曝光區域)之間的邊界界定之潛像。
輻射敏感膜隨後與鹼性顯影液接觸以移除膜之曝光部分,留下形成抗蝕劑圖案之未曝光區域。顯影劑通常為水性鹼性顯影劑,例如氫氧化四級銨溶液,例如氫氧化四烷基銨溶液,如0.26當量濃度(N)(2.38重量%)氫氧 化四甲基銨(TMAH)。
本發明之另一態樣為在金屬層上沈積金屬之方法。所述方法包含:(i)在金屬層上形成輻射敏感膜;(ii)使輻射敏感膜圖案式地曝光於活化輻射;及(iii)使輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以移除輻射敏感膜之曝光部分;以及(iv)將金屬層浸沒於金屬鍍覆液中且在輻射敏感膜之曝光部分中之金屬層上沈積金屬。在步驟(ii)與(iii)之間通常進行曝光後烘烤步驟。金屬層通常在基板上形成。
金屬層可由例如銅、銀、鋁、金或其合金製成。金屬層在本文中亦可稱作第一金屬層。當金屬層在基板上形成時,金屬層可以使用已知方法例如藉由化學氣相沈積(CVD)或物理氣相沈積(PVD)技術來形成,其中濺鍍及鍍覆為典型的。金屬層之厚度通常為10nm至1000nm。基板之實例包含但不限於矽晶圓、玻璃基板及塑膠基板,此類基板視情況包含形成於其上之一或多個層或特徵。
輻射敏感膜由如本文中所描述之組合物形成,其包括:(a)樹脂(b)光酸產生劑,(c)第一淬滅劑,(d)第二淬滅劑及(e)溶劑。組合物藉由如旋塗、輥塗或絲網印刷之已知方法施用於金屬層上。為形成厚輻射敏感膜,通常需要高固體含量及/或高黏度之組合物。按總組合物計,組合物之固體含量通常為10至60重量%,較佳為30至50重量%。藉由使用此類組合物,可形成例如20微米或更高、較佳20至120微米之厚層。
在施用組合物之後,可進行軟烘烤以使層中之溶劑含量降至最低且改善層與基板之黏著。輻射敏感膜隨後經由具有預定圖案之遮罩使用如波長為200至500奈米(nm)之紫外光或可見光之輻射曝光。較佳地,曝光在輻射為365nm波長(i線)之情況下進行。
使輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以使輻射敏感膜之曝光部分顯 影。鹼性顯影液之實例包含但不限於氫氧化四甲基銨、氫氧化鈉及氫氧化鉀之水溶液。曝光部分可形成圖案,如孔(例如,觸點、通孔或凸塊圖案)或溝槽(例如,線空間)圖案。此類圖案較佳地具有高縱橫比。如本文所用,將縱橫比(AR)定義為AR=h/d,其中h為光致抗蝕劑高度(亦即,厚度),且d為圖案中之間距,例如,(例如溝槽圖案之)相鄰線之間的空間之(例如觸點、通孔或凸塊圖案之)孔直徑或長度。孔直徑通常可為5至200微米,較佳為10至50微米。縱橫比通常為0.1或更大、0.5或更大、0.1至10.0或0.5至7.0。
可隨後將基板浸沒於金屬鍍覆液中以將金屬鍍覆至輻射敏感膜已顯影掉之彼等區域中已曝光之第一金屬層上。輻射敏感膜之顯影區域充當金屬鍍覆之模具。可例如藉由無電鍍覆或電鍍來鍍覆金屬。此項技術中已知之不同類型之金屬鍍覆液可用於本發明。亦可形成金屬之兩個或更多個不同之層,且所述層可有相同或不同之金屬。較佳之鍍覆金屬包含但不限於銅、鎳、錫、銀、金以及其混合物及合金。用於形成此類金屬之適合之金屬鍍覆液為此項技術中已知的,且可購自陶氏電子材料(Dow Electronic Materials)。鍍覆金屬層之厚度通常為10至100微米,較佳為20至50微米。鍍覆金屬層厚度可低於或超過光致抗蝕劑層之厚度。
金屬鍍覆後可自基板移除(剝離)其餘輻射敏感膜。適合之光致抗蝕劑剝離劑為商業上可獲得的,例如,Shipley BPRTM光剝離劑(陶氏電子材料)。
可例如藉由回蝕方法移除鍍覆金屬結構之間的曝光之第一金屬層,以電隔離鍍覆金屬結構中之每一者。所獲得之金屬結構可具有例如柱狀,其可適用於金屬凸塊以在兩種組分之間提供電連接。有利地,具有小直徑及筆直(垂直)側壁之金屬柱可由本發明之組合物及方法形成。此類結構用於例如小、輕及薄裝置中之電連接。柱之寬度(直徑)可例如為5至200微米,較佳為 10至50微米。柱之高度將視例如輻射敏感樹脂之厚度而定,但可形成20微米或更高之柱高度。
實例
以下非限制性實例說明本發明。在以下表格中,以下術語具有指定含義:pbw=重量份;PAG=光酸產生劑;SLA=表面流平劑;Eth=塊體敏感度(觀測到膜厚度損失時之最低曝光劑量);Mw=重量平均分子量(使用苯乙烯聚合物標準物之GPC);「PF-656」=PolyFoxTMPF-656(OMNOVA Solutions Inc.);PGMEA=丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯;GBL=γ-丁內酯;CH=接觸孔;SB=軟烘烤;觀測到之能量=觀測到之圖案輪廓之曝光能量;及頂端直徑=在接觸孔頂端處量測之接觸孔直徑。
(A)光酸產生劑之比較:
實例1至4
為選擇適合之光酸產生劑,進行以下測試。使用示於表1中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。使用三種光酸產生劑,亦即Irgacure PAG 103(2-(丙基磺醯氧基亞胺基)-2,3-二氫噻吩-3-亞基)-(鄰甲苯基)乙腈(BASF)、NIT(N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯(Heraeus)及NIN(N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯(Heraeus)。將組合物旋塗至先前濺鍍塗佈有銅層之矽晶圓上。調節旋轉速度以在軟烘烤過程之後得到50微米之膜。在135℃下將晶圓軟烘烤6分鐘以得到抗蝕劑膜。隨後使用具有多色調光罩之寬頻帶近接式曝光工具(MA-1200,Japan Science Engineering Co.,Ltd.)來使抗蝕劑膜曝光。在曝光過程之後,使晶圓在90℃下烘烤3分鐘,隨後在MF CD-26 TMAH顯影劑(陶氏電子材料)中使用一(1)分鐘膠泥順序連續顯影四次。使用橫截面SEM影像評估抗蝕劑輪廓。
實例中所用之其他成分之化學結構如下:
聚合物A(Mw=20,000Da)聚合物B(Mw=20,000Da)
聚合物C(Mw=13,000Da)。
使用Irgacure PAG 103之樣品產生錐形輪廓(參見圖1-6),而使用NIN及NIT之彼等樣品呈現矩形形狀(參見圖7-8)。軟烘烤後實例1在銅表面上引起嚴重之爆裂問題(參見圖9),而在矽表面上未發現此類問題。在實例4中,銅及矽表面上都沒有爆裂問題。
(B)唑類化合物(第一淬滅劑)之比較:
實例5至7
進行以下測試以研究唑類化合物作為第一淬滅劑之適用性。使用示於表2中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。比較三種類型之唑類化合物(苯并三唑、乙烯基咪唑及苯并咪唑)。針對與除唑類化合物外相同之配製物類似之敏感度,調節唑類化合物之量。使組合物混合且旋塗至矽晶圓及塗佈有銅之矽晶圓上,且以與實例1中所描述相同之方式處理。使用橫截面SEM影像評估所得結構。
銅表面上實例5之塊體敏感度(Eth)比矽上之Eth更快。與矽相 比,實例6及7導致銅表面上之Eth更慢。另外,來自實例5之示於圖10中之輪廓與圖11(實例6)及12(實例7)之輪廓相比得到改善。認為此等結果表明苯并三唑防止光酸在銅表面上消耗。
(C)第二淬滅劑之作用:
實例8至10
使用示於表3中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。使組合物混合且旋塗至矽晶圓及塗佈有銅之矽晶圓上,且以與實例1中所描述相同之方式處理。使用橫截面SEM影像評估所得結構。
與矽上之Eth相比,含有苯并三唑之實例5及8呈現相同或略快之銅上之Eth。認為此等結果表明苯并三唑防止光酸在銅表面上消耗。實例8(圖13)中形成之圖案展示無底腳但產生封蓋輪廓(在接觸孔頂端處外伸)。比較起來,實例9(圖14)之光敏組合物產生筆直側壁角而無底腳或封蓋輪廓。認為此結果表明可藉由加入第二淬滅劑避免封蓋輪廓。
(D)不同裝載量之第1及第2淬滅劑之實例:
實例11至14
使用示於表4中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。實例11-14含有相同量之苯并三唑(第一淬滅劑),而第二淬滅劑(特羅格爾氏鹼)之量變化。使用橫截面SEM影像評估所得結構。藉由光學顯微鏡(Lasertec H300M)影像量測圖案尺寸(接觸孔圖案之直徑)。
對於任何樣品,矽及銅表面之塊體敏感度(Eth)沒有差別。隨著第二淬滅劑量減少,發現敏感度提高。所得圖案尺寸在各樣品之塊體敏感度(Eth)下進行比較。觀測到減少第二淬滅劑之量引起Eth下之圖案尺寸增大。基於此等結果,據相信,可藉由調節第二淬滅劑之含量控制圖案尺寸,且曝光寬容度隨著第二淬滅劑量之增加而得至改良。
(E)苯并三唑(第1淬滅劑)衍生物之實例:
實例15至17
使用示於表5中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。使用三種苯并三唑衍生物,亦即,1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑及5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物。使組合物混合且旋塗至矽晶圓及塗佈有銅之矽晶圓上,且以與實例1中所描述相同之方式處理。使用橫截面SEM影像評估所得結構。藉由 光學顯微鏡(Lasertec H300M)影像量測圖案尺寸(接觸孔圖案之直徑)。
資料表明,測試之苯并三唑衍生物適合用於本發明之組合物及方法。
(F)不同樹脂之實例:
實例18至21
使用示於表6中之組分及量來製備光敏組合物。聚乙二醇單甲醚(Mw=400)用作塑化劑。使組合物混合且旋塗至矽晶圓及塗佈有銅之矽晶圓上,且以與實例1中所描述相同之方式處理。
(G)銅柱形成:
實例22
將實例9之組合物旋塗至先前濺鍍塗佈有銅層之矽晶圓上。調節旋轉速度以在軟烘烤過程之後得到50微米之膜。在135℃下將晶圓軟烘烤6分鐘以得到抗蝕劑膜。使用具有25微米直徑/75微米間距接觸孔陣列圖案之光罩之寬頻帶近接式曝光工具(MA-200CC,Karl Suss)來使抗蝕劑膜曝光。隨後在90℃下將晶圓烘烤3分鐘,隨後在MFTMCD-26 TMAH顯影劑(陶氏電子材料)中使用一(1)分鐘膠泥順序連續顯影四次。在抗蝕劑圖案製備之後,第一電鍍製程在25℃之浴溫下使用INTERVIATM Cu 8540電鍍溶液(Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials)進行12.5分鐘,以形成直徑為25微米、高度為25微米且間距為75微米之銅柱。第二電鍍步驟在50℃之浴溫下使用NIKALTM BP RTU電鍍溶液(陶氏電子材料)進行3分鐘,以形成堆疊在銅柱上之3微米厚之鎳層。第三電鍍步驟在25℃之浴溫下使用SOLDERONTM BP TS 6000電鍍溶液(陶氏電子材料)進行4分鐘,以形成堆疊在鎳/銅柱上之20微米之錫-銀層。隨後使 用Shipley BPRTM光剝離劑(陶氏電子材料)在90℃之浴溫下藉由浸泡5分鐘移除抗蝕劑層。藉由SEM觀測到柱陣列且示於圖27中。柱呈現光滑且筆直之側壁。光致抗蝕劑展示對電鍍製程之良好耐化學性及耐熱性而不形成開裂或空隙。在柱與柱之間亦觀測到乾淨之表面,表明能夠完全移除抗蝕劑。
Claims (14)
- 一種圖案化方法,包括:(i)在基板上形成輻射敏感膜,其中所述輻射敏感膜包括:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑及(d)第二淬滅劑;(ii)使所述輻射敏感膜圖案式地曝光於活化輻射;及(iii)使所述輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以形成抗蝕劑圖案;其中所述樹脂包括以下重複單元:
其中:R 1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按所述樹脂之所有重複單元計,所述樹脂中所述兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大;且所述第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物。 - 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的方法,其中所述活化輻射之波長為365nm。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項所述的圖案化方法,進一步包括在由所述抗蝕劑圖案界定之區域中之基板上沈積金屬。
- 一種在金屬層上沈積金屬之方法,包括以下步驟:(i)在金屬層上形成輻射敏感膜,其中所述膜包括:(a)樹脂、(b)光酸產生劑、(c)第一淬滅劑及(d)第二淬滅劑;(ii)使所述輻射敏感膜圖案式地曝光於活化輻射;及(iii)使所述輻射敏感膜與鹼性顯影液接觸以移除所述輻射敏感膜之曝光部 分;以及(iv)在金屬電鍍液中浸沒所述金屬層且在所述輻射敏感膜之所述曝光部分中之金屬層上沈積金屬;其中所述樹脂包括以下兩個重複單元:
其中:R 1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按所述樹脂之所有重複單元計,所述樹脂中所述兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大;且所述第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物。 - 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述樹脂之重量平均分子量為10,000至30,000道爾頓。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述輻射敏感膜之所述光酸產生劑選自以下中之一或多者:N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺樟腦-10-磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羥基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺醯氧基)鄰苯二甲醯亞胺及N-羥基丁二醯亞胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述第二淬滅劑選自不為三級烷基胺之胺化合物。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項所述的方法,其中所述第二淬滅劑選自N,N-二乙基十二醯胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、 4-羥基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯及N-烯丙基已內醯胺。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中按所述樹脂之重量計,所述第一淬滅劑之量為0.001至1.0重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中按所述樹脂之重量計,所述第二淬滅劑之量為0.001至1.0重量%。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述金屬沈積呈直徑為200微米或更低且高度為20微米或更高之柱形式。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述金屬層包括銅。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項所述的方法,其中所述活化輻射之波長為365nm。
- 一種輻射敏感組合物,包括:(a)樹脂;(b)兩種或更多種光酸產生劑;(c)第一淬滅劑;(d)第二淬滅劑;及(e)溶劑;其中所述樹脂包括以下兩個重複單元:
其中:R 1選自氫原子、具有1至4個碳原子之烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z為提供酸不穩定部分之非氫取代基;n為40至90莫耳%;m為10至60莫耳%;且按所述樹脂之所有重複單元計,所述樹脂中所述兩個重複單元之總組合含量為80莫耳%或更大;其中所述光酸產生劑選自N-羥基萘醯亞胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺樟腦-10-磺酸酯、N-羥基萘醯亞胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羥基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲醯亞胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺醯氧基)鄰苯二甲醯亞胺及N-羥基丁二醯亞胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯; 其中所述第一淬滅劑選自苯并三唑或其衍生物;其中所述第二淬滅劑選自N,N-二乙基十二醯胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、4-羥基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯及N-烯丙基已內醯胺;且其中所述組合物之固體含量為10至60重量%。
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI828791B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2024-01-11 | 日商東京應化工業股份有限公司 | 化學增幅型正型感光性樹脂組成物、感光性乾膜、感光性乾膜之製造方法、經圖型化之阻劑膜之製造方法、附有鑄模之基板之製造方法及鍍敷造形物之製造方法 |
| TWI844649B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2024-06-11 | 德商默克專利有限公司 | 厚膜光阻組成物及使用其之光阻膜之製造方法 |
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| EP3526644B1 (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2020-11-25 | Merck Patent GmbH | Chemically amplified positive photoresist composition and pattern forming method using same |
| US10527935B2 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2020-01-07 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Radiation-sensitive compositions and patterning and metallization processes |
| US11022888B2 (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2021-06-01 | Syracuse University | Synthesis of superhydrophobic microporous surfaces via light-directed photopolymerization and phase separation |
| TWI833992B (zh) * | 2019-10-15 | 2024-03-01 | 美商羅門哈斯電子材料有限公司 | 光致抗蝕劑組成物及圖案形成方法 |
| US11940730B2 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2024-03-26 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Photoresist compositions and pattern formation methods |
| US12512430B2 (en) | 2022-06-28 | 2025-12-30 | Dupont Electronic Materials International, Llc | Metallization method |
| KR20250056994A (ko) * | 2022-11-18 | 2025-04-28 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 감활성광선성 또는 감방사선성 수지 조성물, 레지스트막, 패턴 형성 방법, 전자 디바이스의 제조 방법 |
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| JP3297199B2 (ja) * | 1993-09-14 | 2002-07-02 | 株式会社東芝 | レジスト組成物 |
| JP2001290275A (ja) * | 2000-02-03 | 2001-10-19 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ポジ型フォトレジスト組成物 |
| JP2001249451A (ja) | 2000-03-02 | 2001-09-14 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co Ltd | 感光性樹脂組成物及びこれを用いたパターンの形成方法 |
| KR100442859B1 (ko) * | 2001-04-04 | 2004-08-02 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 실리콘을 함유하는 알킬 비닐 에테르의 중합체로이루어지는 감광성 폴리머 및 이를 포함하는 레지스트조성물 |
| JP3981824B2 (ja) | 2002-12-20 | 2007-09-26 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | レジスト材料及びパターン形成方法 |
| KR101193824B1 (ko) * | 2004-07-20 | 2012-10-24 | 시바 홀딩 인크 | 옥심 유도체 및 잠산으로서의 이의 용도 |
| US7879525B2 (en) | 2004-12-03 | 2011-02-01 | Tokyo Ohka Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Chemically amplified photoresist composition, laminated product, and connection element |
| US20060166132A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 | 2006-07-27 | Meagley Robert P | Ultraviolet light transparent nanoparticles for photoresists |
| AR070454A1 (es) * | 2008-02-27 | 2010-04-07 | Nycomed Gmbh | Pirrolopirimidincarboxamidas y composiciones farmaceuticas que las comprenden |
| KR101463290B1 (ko) * | 2008-05-23 | 2014-12-08 | 코넬 유니버시티 | 전자 및 전기 장치에 사용되는 유기 물질의 직교 프로세싱 |
| WO2013134104A2 (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-12 | Microchem Corp. | Photoimageable compositions and processes for fabrication of relief patterns on low surface energy substrates |
| JP5762376B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-21 | 2015-08-12 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | 配線基板及びその製造方法 |
| US9067909B2 (en) * | 2013-08-28 | 2015-06-30 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Photoacid generator, photoresist, coated substrate, and method of forming an electronic device |
| CN111562720B (zh) * | 2014-02-21 | 2023-09-29 | 东京毅力科创株式会社 | 光增感化学放大型抗蚀剂材料、图案形成方法、半导体器件、光刻用掩模、纳米压印用模板 |
| US9140987B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-09-22 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Method for lithography patterning |
| JP6432170B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-09 | 2018-12-05 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 化学増幅ポジ型レジスト材料及びパターン形成方法 |
| WO2016052178A1 (ja) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-04-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | パターン形成方法、保護膜形成用組成物、電子デバイスの製造方法及び電子デバイス |
| US9946157B2 (en) | 2015-03-31 | 2018-04-17 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Resist composition and method for producing resist pattern |
| US10527935B2 (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2020-01-07 | Rohm And Haas Electronic Materials Llc | Radiation-sensitive compositions and patterning and metallization processes |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI828791B (zh) * | 2018-11-07 | 2024-01-11 | 日商東京應化工業股份有限公司 | 化學增幅型正型感光性樹脂組成物、感光性乾膜、感光性乾膜之製造方法、經圖型化之阻劑膜之製造方法、附有鑄模之基板之製造方法及鍍敷造形物之製造方法 |
| TWI844649B (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2024-06-11 | 德商默克專利有限公司 | 厚膜光阻組成物及使用其之光阻膜之製造方法 |
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| US10962880B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| KR20180079187A (ko) | 2018-07-10 |
| JP2018109767A (ja) | 2018-07-12 |
| JP6564843B2 (ja) | 2019-08-21 |
| US20180188648A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
| TWI673574B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
| TW201939167A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
| KR101992661B1 (ko) | 2019-06-25 |
| CN108267933A (zh) | 2018-07-10 |
| EP3343293A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
| TWI716920B (zh) | 2021-01-21 |
| CN108267933B (zh) | 2021-12-03 |
| US10527935B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
| US20200201175A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
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