TW201402111A - 雙效化合物、包含其之醫藥組合物、其製備方法及其用途 - Google Patents
雙效化合物、包含其之醫藥組合物、其製備方法及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明係關於一種血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及NEPi之特定組合、鍵聯前藥或化合物,其係用於治療高血壓。
Description
本發明係針對血管收縮素受體阻斷劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之雙重作用化合物及組合,尤其其中血管收縮素受體阻斷劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑經由非共價鍵鍵聯之雙重作用分子,或血管收縮素受體阻斷劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之超分子複合物,亦描述為鍵聯前藥,諸如混合鹽或共晶體;亦針對含有此雙重作用化合物或組合之醫藥組合、製備此等雙重作用化合物之方法及用此雙重作用化合物或組合治療受檢者之方法。特定言之,本發明係針對在一個分子中具有相同或不同作用模式之兩種活性劑的雙重作用化合物或超分子複合物。
血管收縮素II為使血管收縮之激素。此可依次導致高血壓及對心臟施壓。已知血管收縮素II與靶細胞表面上之特定受體相互作用。迄今已鑑別血管收縮素II之兩種受體子型(亦即AT1及AT2)。近年來,已作出很大努力來鑑別結合至AT1受體之物質。目前已知血管收縮素受體阻斷劑(ARB,血管收縮素II拮抗劑)防止血管收縮素II結合至其血管壁中之受體,進而使得血壓降低。由於抑制AT1受體,因此此等拮抗劑可用作抗高血壓劑或用於治療充血性心臟衰竭以及其他病症。
中性肽鏈內切酶(EC 3.4.24.11,腦啡肽酶,心房肽酶
(atriopeptidase),NEP)為分解疏水性殘基之胺基側基上之多種肽受質的含有鋅之金屬蛋白酶[參見Pharmacol Rev,第45卷,第87頁(1993)]。此酶之受質包括,但不限於:心房利尿鈉肽(ANP,亦稱作ANF)、腦利尿鈉肽(BNP)、甲硫腦素及白胺腦素、緩激肽、神經激肽A、內皮素-1及P物質。ANP為有效血管舒張劑及鈉利尿劑[參見J Hypertens,第19卷,第1923頁(2001)]。將ANP注入正常受檢者中使得促尿鈉排泄及利尿之可再現的、顯著增強,其包括鈉排泄分數、尿流動速率及腎小球濾過率的增加[參見J Clin Pharmacol,第27卷,第927頁(1987)]。然而,ANP在循環中具有短的半衰期,且已展示腎臟皮質膜中之NEP為負責降解此肽之主要酶[參見Peptides,第9卷,第173頁(1988)]。因此,NEP之抑制劑(中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑,NEPi)應增加ANP之血漿含量且由此期望誘發尿鈉排泄及利尿作用。
儘管諸如血管收縮素受體阻斷劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之物質可適用於控制高血壓,但原發性高血壓為多基因疾病且並不總是受單一療法充分控制。經濟發達國家中之約333,000,000成人及約65,000,000美國人(1/3的成人)具有高血壓(2000)[參見Lancet,第365卷,第217頁(2005);及Hypertension,第44卷,第398頁(2004)]。延長及失控之高血壓性血管疾病最終造成靶器官(諸如心臟及腎臟)中之多種病變。持續高血壓亦可導致中風之發生率增加。因此,強烈需要檢驗其他心臟血管終點來評估除降低血壓之功效以外抗高血壓療法的功效以獲得對組合治療之效益的進一步瞭解。
高血壓性血管疾病的性質為多因子的。在某些情況下,已組合具有不同作用機制的藥物。然而,僅考量具有不同作用模式之藥物的任何組合並不必然造成具有有利作用的組合。因此,需要不具有有害副作用的有效組合療法。
在第一態樣中,本發明係針對雙重作用化合物,諸如超分子複合物,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑;(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi);及視情況(c)醫藥學上可接受之陽離子。
本發明亦係針對雙重作用化合物,諸如超分子複合物,其可由以下步驟獲得:(i)將血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)溶解於合適溶劑中;(ii)將Cat之鹼性化合物溶解於合適溶劑中,其中Cat為陽離子;(iii)將步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之溶液組合;(iv)使固體沉澱,且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物;或由以下步驟藉由交換步驟(i)及(ii)中所使用之溶劑獲得雙重作用化合物:(iva)將所得溶液蒸發至乾燥;(va)將固體再溶解於合適溶劑中;(via)使固體沉澱且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物。
本發明亦係針對鍵聯前藥,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽;及(b)NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽由鍵聯部分來鍵聯。
本發明亦係針對一種組合,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑之醫藥學上可接受之鹽;及(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)之醫藥學上可接受之鹽;
其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及NEPi之醫藥學上可接受之鹽為相同的且係選自Na、K或NH4之鹽。
在較佳實施例中,血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及NEPi具有利於形成雙重作用化合物(諸如本發明之超分子複合物)的酸性基團。
較佳地,血管收縮素受體拮抗劑係選自以下各物組成之群:纈沙坦(valsartan)、洛沙坦(losartan)、伊貝沙坦(irbesartan)、替米沙坦(telmisartan)、依普羅沙坦(eprosartan)、坎地沙坦(candesartan)、奧美沙坦(olmesartan)、沙普立沙坦(saprisartan)、他索沙坦(tasosartan)、依利沙坦(elisartan)及其組合。
在較佳實施例中,NEPi係選自以下各物組成之群:SQ 28,603、N-[N-[1(S)-羧基-3-苯丙基]-(S)-苯丙胺醯基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[N-[((1S)-羧基-2-苯基)乙基]-(S)-苯丙胺醯基-β-丙胺酸、N-[2(S)-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)-丙醯基]甲硫胺酸、(順-4-[[[1-[2-羧基-3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基]-環戊基]羰基]胺基]-環己烷羧酸)、硫嗎喃(thiorphan(3-巰基-2-苄基丙醯基]甘胺酸))、後硫嗎喃(retro-thiorphan)、磷阿米酮(phosphoramidon)、SQ 29072、N-(3-羧基-1-側氧基丙基)-(4S)-對苯基苯甲基)-4-胺基-2R-甲基丁酸乙酯、(S)-順-4-[1-[2-(5-二氫茚氧基羰基)-3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基]-1-環戊烷甲醯胺基]-1-環己烷羧酸、3-(1-[6-內羥甲基雙環[2,2,1]庚烷-2-外胺甲醯基]環戊基)-2-(2-甲氧基乙基)丙酸、N-(1-(3-(N-第三丁氧基羰基-(S)-脯胺醯基胺基)-2(S)-第三丁氧基-羰基丙基)環戊烷羰基)-O-苄基-(S)-絲胺酸甲酯、4-[[2-(巰基甲基)-1-側氧基-3-苯丙基]胺基]苯甲酸、3-[1-(順-4-羧羰基-順-3-丁基環己基-r-1-胺甲醯基)環戊基]-2S-(2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基)丙酸、N-((2S)-2-(4-聯苯甲基)-4-羧基-5-苯氧基戊醯基)甘胺酸、N-(1-(N-羥基胺甲醯基甲基)-1-環戊烷羰基)-L-苯丙胺酸、(S)-(2-聯苯-4-基)-1-(1H-四唑-5-基)乙基胺基)甲基膦酸、(S)-5-(N-(2-(膦酸基甲基胺基)-3-(4-聯苯)丙
醯基)-2-胺基乙基)四唑、β-丙胺酸、3-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基-N-[二苯氧基磷醯基)甲基]-L-丙胺醯基、N-(2-羧基-4-噻吩基)-3-巰基-2-苄基丙醯胺、2-(2-巰基甲基-3-苯基丙醯胺基)噻唑-4-基羧酸、(L)-(1-((2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊環-4-基)-甲氧基)羰基)-2-苯乙基)-L-苯丙胺醯基)-β-丙胺酸、N-[N-[(L)-[1-[(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊環-4-基)-甲氧基]羰基]-2-苯乙基]-L-苯丙胺醯基]-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[N-[(L)-1-羧基-2-苯乙基]-L-苯丙胺醯基]-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-(2-甲基-苯基)丙醯基]-甲硫胺酸乙酯、N-[2-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-甲硫胺酸、N-[2(S)-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-(S)-[3-巰基-2-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-(S)-2-甲氧基-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[1-[[1(S)-苄氧基羰基-3-苯基丙基]胺基]環戊基羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[1-[[1(S)-羰基-3-苯基丙基]胺基]-環戊基羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、1,1'-[二硫基雙-[2(S)-(2-甲基苄基)-1-側氧基-3,1-丙二基]]-雙-(S)-異絲胺酸、1,1'-[二硫基雙-[2(S)-(2-甲基苄基)-1-側氧基-3,1-丙二基]]-雙-(S)-甲硫胺酸、N-(3-苯基-2-(巰基甲基)-丙醯基)-(S)-4-(甲基巰基)甲硫胺酸、N-[2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-苯基-丙醯基]-3-胺基苯甲酸、N-[2-巰基甲基-3-苯基-丙醯基]-3-胺基苯甲酸、N-[1-(2-羧基-4-苯基丁基)-環戊烷-羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[1-(乙醯基硫基甲基)環戊烷-羰基]-(S)-甲硫胺酸乙酯、3(S)-[2-(乙醯基硫基甲基)-3-苯基-丙醯基]胺基-ε-己內醯胺、N-(2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基)-甲硫胺酸乙酯及其組合。較佳地,雙重作用化合物或組合,尤其係超分子複合物為混合鹽或共晶體。亦為較佳的是鍵聯前藥為混合鹽或共晶體。
在第二態樣中,本發明係針對醫藥組合物,其包含:(a)上述雙重作用化合物或組合,諸如上述複合物;及(b)至少一種醫藥學上可接受之添加劑。
本發明亦係針對包含鍵聯前藥之醫藥組合物,該鍵聯前藥包
含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽;(b)NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽由鍵聯部分來鍵聯;及(c)至少一種醫藥學上可接受之添加劑。
在第三態樣中,本發明係針對製備包含以下各物之雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物的方法:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑;(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi);及視情況(c)選自Na、K及NH4組成之群的醫藥學上可接受之陽離子;該方法包含以下步驟:(i)將血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)溶解於合適溶劑中;(ii)將Cat之鹼性化合物溶解於合適溶劑中,其中Cat為陽離子;(iii)將步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之溶液組合;(iv)使固體沉澱且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物;或由以下步驟藉由交換步驟(i)及(ii)中所使用之溶劑獲得雙重作用化合物:(iva)將所得溶液蒸發至乾燥;(va)將固體再溶解於合適溶劑中;(via)使固體沉澱且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物。
本發明亦係針對製備包含以下各物之鍵聯前藥的方法:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽;(b)NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽由鍵聯
部分來鍵聯;且該方法包含將鍵聯部分及溶劑添加至血管收縮素受體拮抗劑與NEPi之混合物中;及(d)分離鍵聯前藥。
在第四態樣中,本發明係針對治療或預防以下疾病或病狀之方法:諸如高血壓、心臟衰竭(急性及慢性)、充血性心臟衰竭、左室功能低下及肥厚性心肌症、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上及室內心律不整、心房微顫、心房撲動、有害血管重塑作用、心肌梗塞及其續發症、動脈粥樣硬化、絞痛症(不穩定或穩定)、腎機能不全(糖尿病性及非糖尿病性)、心臟衰竭、狹心症、糖尿病、繼發性多醛固酮症、原發性及繼發性肺循環血壓過高、腎衰竭病狀(諸如糖尿病腎病變、絲球體腎炎、硬皮病、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿亦及腎血管性高血壓)、糖尿病性視網膜病,其他血管病症(諸如偏頭痛、周邊血管疾病、雷諾氏病(Raynaud's disease)、內腔增生、認知功能障礙(諸如阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's))、青光眼及中風),該方法包含將上述雙重作用化合物或組合(尤其超分子複合物)或上述鍵聯前藥(較佳為複合物)投與至需要此治療之受檢者。
圖1展示包含兩個不對稱單位之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之超分子複合物之單位晶胞的立體表示圖。使用以下顏色代碼:灰色=碳原子,藍色=氮原子,紅色=氧原子,紫色=鈉原子。
圖1展示包含兩個不對稱單位之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之超分子複合物之單位
晶胞的立體表示圖。使用以下顏色代碼:灰色=碳原子,藍色=氮原子,紅色=氧原子,紫色=鈉原子。
本發明係關於雙重作用化合物或組合(尤其超分子複合物)或鍵聯前藥,或尤其具有不同作用機制之兩種活性劑(亦即血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑)的超分子複合物,其可形成獨特分子實體用於治療患有各種心臟血管疾病及/或腎病之患者。
本發明之一實施例係針對物理組合,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑之醫藥學上可接受之鹽;及(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)之醫藥學上可接受之鹽;其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及NEPi之醫藥學上可接受之鹽為相同的且係選自Na、K或NH4之鹽。
特定言之,較佳的是使兩種活性劑彼此組合以形成單一雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物。藉由如此完成,所形成之新穎分子或超分子實體具有不同於上述物理組合之獨特特性。
因此,本發明係針對雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑;(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi);及(c)較佳選自Na、K及NH4組成之群的醫藥學上可接受之陽離子。
本發明亦係針對雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物,其可由以下步驟獲得:(i)將血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)溶解於合適溶劑中;(ii)將諸如(Cat)OH、(Cat)2CO3、(Cat)HCO3之Cat的鹼性化合物
溶解於合適溶劑中,其中Cat為較佳選自Na、K及NH4組成之群的陽離子;(iii)將步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之溶液組合;(iv)使固體沉澱,且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物;或由以下步驟藉由交換步驟(i)及(ii)中所使用之溶劑獲得雙重作用化合物:(iva)將所得溶液蒸發至乾燥;(va)將固體再溶解於合適溶劑中;(via)使固體沉澱且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物。
本發明進一步係針對鍵聯前藥,其包含:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽;及(b)NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其中血管收縮素受體拮抗劑或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽由鍵聯部分來鍵聯。
兩個組份各自鍵聯至鍵聯部分藉此形成鍵聯前藥。較佳地,鍵聯前藥為大體上純的;本文中所使用之"大體上純"係指至少90%、更佳至少95%及最佳至少98%之純度。
作為本發明之一較佳實施例,鍵聯前藥具有藉由使兩個組份與鍵聯部分鍵聯而形成超分子複合物之結構。
為達成本發明之目的,術語"雙重作用化合物"意欲描述在一種化合物中具有兩種不同作用模式的此等化合物,一種為由化合物之ARB分子部分使得血管收縮素受體阻斷且另一種為由化合物之NEPi分子部分使得中性肽鏈內切酶受抑制。
為達成本發明之目的,術語"化合物"意欲描述包含兩種醫藥學上之活性劑(ARB及NEPi分子部分)內的共價鍵及此等兩種醫藥學上之活性劑(ARB及NEPi分子部分)之間的非共價交互作用的化學物質。通
常,可觀察到氫鍵介於兩種醫藥學上之活性劑(ARB及NEPi分子部分)之間。離子鍵可存在於陽離子與兩種醫藥學上之活性劑(ARB及NEPi分子部分)之一者或兩者之間。其他類型之鍵亦可存在於化合物內,諸如凡得瓦爾力(van der Waals force)。為達成說明之目的,本發明之雙重作用化合物可如下表示:(ARB)-(L)m-(NEPi)
其中L為鍵聯部分(諸如陽離子)或為非共價鍵,且m為1或更大之整數。換言之,ARB及NEPi部分可經由非共價鍵(諸如氫鍵)連接。其他或另外,其可經由鍵聯部分(諸如陽離子)連接。
在一實施例中,雙重作用化合物可被認為是鍵聯前藥,藉以使鍵聯兩種醫藥學上之活性劑(ARB及NEPi)之鍵聯部分(諸如陽離子)形成一旦鍵聯前藥經攝取及吸收即被釋放之此等劑的前藥。
在一較佳實施例中,雙重作用化合物為複合物,尤其係超分子複合物。
為達成本發明之目的,術語"超分子複合物"意欲描述借助於介於其之間的非共價、分子間鍵結的兩種醫藥學上之活性劑、陽離子與所存在之任何其他實體(諸如溶劑,尤其水)之間的交互作用。此交互作用使存在於超分子複合物中之物質締合,其使此複合物區別於物質之物理混合物。
非共價分子間鍵結可為形成此等超分子複合物之在此項技術中已知之任何交互作用,諸如氫鍵、凡得瓦爾力及π-π堆疊。離子鍵亦可存在。較佳地,存在離子鍵及其他氫鍵以形成複合物內之交互作用網路。超分子複合物較佳以固態存在但亦可存在於液體介質中。作為本發明之一較佳實施例,複合物為晶體且在此狀況下較佳為混合晶體或共晶體。
通常,雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物顯示不同於物質
之物理混合物之特性,諸如熔點、紅外光譜等。
較佳地,雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物具有介於兩種醫藥學上之活性劑與任何溶劑(若存在,則較佳為水)之間的共價鍵,尤其係氫鍵之網路。此外,較佳的是雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物具有介於兩種醫藥學上之活性劑、陽離子與任何溶劑(若存在,則較佳為水)之間的非共價鍵,尤其係離子鍵及氫鍵之網路。陽離子較佳經配位至若干氧配位體,由此提供此等氧配位體之間的鍵聯。氧配位體來自存在於兩種醫藥學上之活性劑中的羰基及羧酸酯基團,且較佳亦來自任何溶劑(若存在,則較佳為水)。
雙重作用化合物包含血管收縮素受體拮抗劑之分子部分。此意謂衍生自血管收縮素受體拮抗劑之分子部分參與建構雙重作用化合物。血管收縮素受體拮抗劑為化合物之部分且直接或經由非共價鍵間接連接至NEP抑制劑。為方便起見,在整個申請案中,術語"血管收縮素受體拮抗劑"當描述化合物之此部分時將加以使用。適合用於本發明中之血管收縮素受體拮抗劑(ARBs)非限制性包括:纈沙坦、洛沙坦、伊貝沙坦、替米沙坦、依普羅沙坦、坎地沙坦、奧美沙坦、沙普立沙坦、他索沙坦、依利沙坦、具有下式之編號E-1477的化合物:
具有下式之編號SC-52458的化合物:
及具有下式之編號化合物ZD-8731的化合物:
合適血管收縮素II受體拮抗劑亦包括,但不限於:醋酸肌丙胺素(saralasin acetate)、坎地沙坦酯(candesartan cilexetil)、CGP-63170、EMD-66397、KT3-671、LR-B/081、纈沙坦、A-81282、BIBR-363、BIBS-222、BMS-184698、坎地沙坦、CV-11194、EXP-3174、KW-3433、L-161177、L-162154、LR-B/057、LY-235656、PD-150304、U-96849、U-97018、UP-275-22、WAY-126227、WK-1492.2K、YM-31472、洛沙坦鉀(losartan potassium)、E-4177、EMD-73495、依普羅沙坦、HN-65021、伊貝沙坦、L-159282、ME-3221、SL-91.0102、他索沙坦、替米沙坦、UP-269-6、YM-358、CGP-49870、GA-0056、L-159689、L-162234、L-162441、L-163007、PD-123177、A-81988、BMS-180560、CGP-38560A、CGP-48369、DA-2079、DE-3489、DuP-167、EXP-063、EXP-6155、EXP-6803、EXP-7711、EXP-9270、FK-
739、HR-720、ICI-D6888、ICI-D7155、ICI-D8731、異特林(isoteoline衍生自生物鹼海罌粟鹼之阿樸啡結構化合物)、KRI-1177、L-158809、L-158978、L-159874、LR B087、LY-285434、LY-302289、LY-3I5995、RG-13647、RWJ-38970、RWJ-46458、S-8307、S-8308、沙普立沙坦、肌丙胺素、沙美絲(Sarmesin肉胺醯基(1)-甲基酪胺酸(4)-血管收縮素II)、WK-1360、X-6803、ZD-6888、ZD-7155、ZD-8731、BIBS39、CI-996、DMP-811、DuP-532、EXP-929、L-163017、LY-301875、XH-148、XR-510、佐拉沙坦(zolasartan)及PD-123319。
亦包括於本發明之此態樣之範疇內的為上述經鑑別之ARB的組合。
用於製備根據本發明之組合或複合物的ARB可購自商業來源或可根據已知方法製備。ARB可以其游離形式以及任何合適之鹽或酯的形式用於本發明之目的。
較佳鹽形式包括酸加成鹽。具有至少一個酸基(例如COOH或5-四唑基)之化合物亦可與鹼形成鹽。與鹼之合適鹽為:例如金屬鹽,諸如鹼金屬或鹼土金屬鹽,例如鈉、鉀、鈣或鎂鹽;或與氨或有機胺,諸如嗎啉;硫代嗎啉;哌啶;吡咯啶;單低碳烷基胺、二低碳烷基胺或三低碳烷基胺,例如乙胺、第三丁基胺、二乙基胺、二異丙基胺、三乙基胺、三丁基胺或二甲基丙胺;或單羥基低碳烷基胺、二羥基低碳烷基胺或三羥基低碳烷基胺,例如單乙醇胺、二乙醇胺或三乙醇胺之鹽。此外可形成相應內鹽。亦可包括不適合於醫藥用途但可用於(例如)分離或純化游離化合物I或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的鹽。甚至更佳之鹽(例如)係選自非晶形式之單鈉鹽,非晶或結晶形式,尤其係其水合物形式之纈沙坦的二鈉鹽;非晶形式之纈沙坦的單鉀鹽,非晶或結晶形式,尤其係其水合
物形式之纈沙坦的二鉀鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式(主要為其四水合物)之纈沙坦的鈣鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式(主要為其六水合物)之纈沙坦的鎂鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式之纈沙坦的鈣/鎂混合鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式之纈沙坦的雙-二乙基銨鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式之纈沙坦的雙-二丙基銨鹽;結晶形式,尤其係水合物形式(主要為其半水合物)之纈沙坦的雙-二丁基銨鹽;非晶形式之纈沙坦的單L-精胺酸鹽;非晶形式之纈沙坦的雙L-精胺酸鹽;非晶形式之纈沙坦的單L-離胺酸鹽;非晶形式之纈沙坦的雙L-離胺酸鹽。
當製備根據本發明之雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物時,較佳使用游離形式之ARB。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,本發明之組合或複合物中所使用之血管收縮素受體阻斷劑為纈沙坦,其分子結構如下展示:
纈沙坦可為外消旋形式或為以下所展示之兩種異構體中之一者:
較佳地
根據本發明所使用之纈沙坦((S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸)可購自商業來源或可根據已知方法製備。舉例而言,纈沙坦的製備描述於美國專利第5,399,578號及EP 0 443 983中,其各者之全部揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。纈沙坦可以其游離酸形式以及任何合適之鹽的形式用於本發明之目的。另外,羧酸基團之酯或其他衍生物可用於合成鍵聯前藥,以及四唑基團之鹽及衍生物。提到ARB包括提到其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
較佳地,ARB為二質子酸。因此,視溶液之pH值而定,血管收縮素受體阻斷劑具有0、1或2之電荷。
在本發明之組合中,ARB為選自Na、K或NH4(較佳為Na)之醫藥學上可接受之鹽的形式。此包括此等陽離子之單鹽及二鹽,較佳為二鹽。詳言之,在纈沙坦之狀況下,此意謂羧酸部分與四唑部分形成鹽。
在本發明之雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物中,通常游
離形式之ARB用於製劑中,且存在於複合物中之陽離子物質藉由使用鹼(例如(Cat)OH)來引入。
雙重作用化合物包含中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之分子部分。此意謂衍生自中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之分子部分參與建構雙重作用化合物。中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑為化合物之部分且直接或經由非共價鍵間接連接至ARB。為方便起見,在整個申請案中,術語"中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑"當描述化合物之此部分時將加以使用。適合用於本發明中之中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑包括式(I)之彼等中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑:
其中R2為1-7個碳之烷基、三氟甲基、苯基、經取代之苯基、-(CH2)1至4-苯基,或-(CH2)1-4-經取代之苯基;R3為氫、1-7個碳之烷基、苯基、經取代之苯基、-(CH2)1至4-苯基,或-(CH2)1-4-經取代之苯基;R1為羥基、1-7個碳之烷氧基或NH2;n為1-15之整數;且術語經取代之苯基係指取代基選自1-4個碳之低碳烷基、1-4個碳之低碳烷氧基、1-4個碳之低碳烷硫基、羥基、Cl、Br或F。
式(I)之較佳中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑包括化合物,其中:R2 為苄基;R3 為氫;n 為1-9之整數;且R1 為羥基。
另一較佳中性肽鏈酶抑制劑為(3S,2'R)-3-{1-[2'-(乙氧羰基)-4'-苯基-丁基]-環戊-1-羰胺基}-2,3,4,5-四氫-2-側氧基-1H-1-苯幷氮呯-1-乙酸或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
適合用於本發明中之較佳中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑非限制性包括:SQ 28,603、N-[N-[1(S)-羧基-3-苯丙基]-(S)-苯丙胺醯基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[N-[((1S)-羧基-2-苯基)乙基]-(S)-苯丙胺醯基]-β-丙胺酸、N-[2(S)-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)-丙醯基]甲硫胺酸、(順-4-[[[1-[2-羧基-3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基]-環戊基]羰基]胺基]-環己烷羧酸)、硫嗎喃(3-巰基-2-苄基丙醯基]甘胺酸)、後硫嗎喃、磷阿米酮、SQ 29072、(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯、N-(3-羧基-1-側氧基丙基)-(4S)-對苯基苯甲基)-4-胺基-2R-甲基丁酸、(S)-順-4-[1-[2-(5-二氫茚氧基羰基)-3-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)丙基]-1-環戊烷甲醯胺基]-1-環己烷羧酸、3-(1-[6-內羥甲基雙環[2,2,1]庚烷-2-外胺甲醯基]環戊基)-2-(2-甲氧基乙基)丙酸、N-(1-(3-(N-第三丁氧基羰基-(S)-脯胺醯基胺基)-2(S)-第三丁氧基-羰基丙基)環戊烷羰基)-O-苄基-(S)-絲胺酸甲酯、4-[[2-(巰基甲基)-1-側氧基-3-苯丙基]胺基]苯甲酸、3-[1-(順-4-羧羰基-順-3-丁基環己基-r-1-胺甲醯基)環戊基]-2S-(2-甲氧基乙氧基甲基)丙酸、N-((2S)-2-(4-聯苯甲基)-4-羧基-5-苯氧基戊醯基)甘胺酸、N-(1-(N-羥基胺甲醯基甲基)-1-環戊烷羰基)-L-苯丙胺酸、(S)-(2-聯苯-4-基)-1-(1H-四唑-5-基)乙基胺基)甲基膦酸、(S)-5-(N-(2-(膦酸基甲基胺基)-3-(4-聯苯)丙醯基)-2-胺基乙基)四唑、β-丙胺酸、3-[1,1'-聯苯]-4-基-N-[二苯氧基磷醯基)甲基]-L-丙胺醯基、N-(2-羧基-4-噻吩基)-3-巰基-2-苄基丙醯胺、2-(2-巰基甲基-3-苯基丙醯胺基)噻唑-4-基羧酸、(L)-(1-((2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊環-4-基)-甲氧基)羰基)-2-苯乙基)-L-苯丙胺醯基)-β-丙胺酸、N-[N-[(L)-[1-[(2,2-二甲基-1,3-二氧戊環-4-基)-甲氧基]羰基]-2-苯乙基]-L-苯丙胺醯
基]-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[N-[(L)-1-羧基-2-苯乙基]-L-苯丙胺醯基]-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-(2-甲基-苯基)丙醯基]-甲硫胺酸乙酯、N-[2-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-甲硫胺酸、N-[2(S)-巰基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-(S)-[3-巰基-2-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基]-(S)-2-甲氧基-(R)-丙胺酸、N-[1-[[1(S)-苄氧基羰基-3-苯基丙基]胺基]環戊基羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[1-[[1(S)-羰基-3-苯基丙基]胺基]-環戊基羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、1,1'-[二硫基雙-[2(S)-(2-甲基苄基)-1-側氧基-3,1-丙二基]]-雙-(S)-異絲胺酸、1,1'-[二硫基雙-[2(S)-(2-甲基苄基)-1-側氧基-3,1-丙二基]]-雙-(S)-甲硫胺酸、N-(3-苯基-2-(巰基甲基)-丙醯基)-(S)-4-(甲基巰基)甲硫胺酸、N-[2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-苯基-丙醯基]-3-胺基苯甲酸、N-[2-巰基甲基-3-苯基-丙醯基]-3-胺基苯甲酸、N-[1-(2-羧基-4-苯基丁基)-環戊烷-羰基]-(S)-異絲胺酸、N-[1-(乙醯基硫基甲基)環戊烷-羰基]-(S)-甲硫胺酸乙酯、3(S)-[2-(乙醯基硫基甲基)-3-苯基-丙醯基]胺基-ε-己內醯胺、N-(2-乙醯基硫基甲基-3-(2-甲基苯基)丙醯基)-甲硫胺酸乙酯及其組合。
中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑可購自商業來源或可根據已知方法製備,諸如陳述於以下文獻中之任一者中之彼等方法:美國專利第4,722,810號、美國專利第5,223,516號、美國專利第4,610,816號、美國專利第4,929,641號、南非專利申請案84/0670、UK 69578、美國專利第5,217,996號、EP 00342850、GB 02218983、WO 92/14706、EP 00343911、JP 06234754、EP 00361365、WO 90/09374、JP 07157459、WO 94/15908、美國專利第5,273,990、美國專利第5,294,632號、美國專利第5,250,522號、EP 00636621、WO 93/09101、EP 00590442、WO 93/10773、美國專利第5,217,996號,其各者之揭示內容以引用方式併入本文中。中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑可以其游離形式以及任何合適之鹽的形式用於本發明之目的。提到中性肽
鏈內切酶抑制劑包括提到其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
另外,任何羧酸基團之酯或其他衍生物可用於合成鍵聯前藥,以及任何其他酸性基團之鹽及衍生物。在本發明之一較佳實施例中,NEPi為式(II)之5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯或各別水解形式5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸。
較佳NEPi為單質子酸。因此,視溶液之pH值而定,NEPi有0或1之電荷。
在本發明之組合中,NEPi為選自Na、K或NH4(較佳為Na)之醫藥學上可接受之鹽的形式。
在本發明之雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物中,通常游離形式之NEPi係用於製劑中,且存在於複合物中之陽離子物質係藉由使用鹼((Cat)OH)來引入。
雙重作用化合物較佳包含介於ARB與NEPi之間的非共價鍵。其他或另外,其視情況包含鍵聯部分,諸如醫藥學上可接受之陽離子。
鍵聯部分包括,但不限於:普遍認為安全(GRAS)之化合物或其他醫藥學上可接受之化合物。鍵聯部分可為離子或中性分子。在鍵聯部分為離子的狀況下,鍵聯前藥為鹽,且當鍵聯部分為中性分子時,鍵聯前藥為共晶體。在不受任何特定理論束縛的情況下,ARB及NEPi之酸性部分將質子贈予鹼性鍵聯部分,使得所有三種組份然後成為一體以形成一個分子。當鍵聯前藥由意欲受治療之受檢者攝取時,攝取環境的較酸性質使鍵聯前藥伴隨攝取及吸收而分離成個別組份且由此轉化成活性劑以提供其有益的生物性作用來治療預定疾病。
在鍵聯前藥鹽或雙重作用化合物的狀況下,鍵聯部分或陽離子最好分別為帶正電之一價、二價或三價陽離子,有機鹼或胺基酸。一般用於鍵聯前藥與用於雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物之較佳陽離子(Cat)為鹼性陽離子,甚至更佳為金屬陽離子。較佳金屬陽離子包括,但不限於:Na、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe或NH4。亦可使用胺鹼及鹽形成劑,諸如苄星(benzathine)、海卓胺(hydrabamine)、乙二胺、n-n-二苄基-乙二胺、L-精胺酸、氫氧化膽鹼、N-甲基-葡萄胺(葡甲胺(Meglumine))、L-離胺酸、二甲基胺基乙醇(二甲基乙醇胺(Deanol))、
第三丁基胺、二乙基胺、2-(二乙基胺基)-乙醇、4-(2-羥乙基)-嗎啉、Thromethanine TRIS)、4-乙醯胺基酚、2-胺基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-胺基-2-甲基-丙醇、苄胺、環己胺、二乙醇胺、乙醇胺、咪唑、哌嗪及三乙醇胺。
最佳地,陽離子為Na、K或NH4,諸如Na。在一實施例中,Ca為較佳。
在鍵聯前藥為共晶體的狀況下,鍵聯部分亦可為提供氫鍵官能基之中性分子。
在一實施例中,本發明之鍵聯前藥如下陳述所表示,其中機制(1)及(2)表示鹽且機制(3)表示共晶體:NEPi‧Xa‧ARB 機制(1)
NEPi‧XaYb‧ARB 機制(2)
NEPi‧Zc‧ARB 機制(3),其中:X為Ca、Mg、Zn或Fe;Y為Na、K或NH4;Z為中性分子;且a、b及c反映鍵聯前藥之化學計量,較佳地,a、b及c為1+、2+或3+之價數。
對於以上機制(1)及(2)之鍵聯前藥,較佳地,NEPi為單質子酸且ARB為二質子酸。視溶液之pH值而定,血管收縮素受體阻斷劑具有0、1或2之電荷且NEPi具有0或1之電荷,而整個分子為中性。ARB與NEPi之比為1:1、1:2、1:3、3:1、2:1、1:1,較佳為1:1、1:2或1:3,最佳為1:1。
多組份之鹽,尤其係具有鋅及鈣之鹽已報導於文獻中,例如Chem Pharm Bull,第53卷,第654頁(2005)。此等離子需要利於多組
份系統結晶之配位幾何形狀。金屬離子具有由每種物質之原子軌道所支配之配位幾何形狀。纈沙坦包含兩種酸性基團:羧酸及四唑。在本發明之此態樣之一實施例中,纈沙坦及NEPi之鍵聯前藥的分子結構包含介於羧酸與鍵聯部分之間的鍵或介於四唑基團與鍵聯部分之間的鍵。在另一實施例中,鍵聯前藥包含鍵聯至纈沙坦羧酸基團、四唑基團及NEPi基團的三價鍵聯部分。
在本發明之此態樣之一實施例中,纈沙坦由鈣鹽離子鍵聯至(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯。
在本發明之一較佳實施例中,血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑以1:1、1:2、1:3、3:1、2:1,較佳1:1之莫耳比存在於組合中以及超分子複合物中。此對於鍵聯前藥亦為準確的。此外,在複合物中,血管收縮素受體拮抗劑、中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑及陽離子以1:1:1、1:1:2、1:1:3,更佳1:1:3之莫耳比存在。此同樣應用於鍵聯前藥。
本發明之組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物可含有溶劑。此在雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物的狀況下尤其較佳,其中溶劑可有助於分子間結構,例如超分子交互作用。較佳溶劑包括水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲基第三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯及二氯甲烷,較佳為水。若溶劑存在,則每分子活性劑可存在一或多個分子。在此狀況下,亦即若化學計量之量的溶劑存在,則每分子活性劑可存在較佳為1、2、3、4或5,更佳為3分子之溶劑(諸如水)。或者,溶劑可以非化學計量之量存在。此意謂每分子活性劑較佳可存在任何化學計量分率之溶劑,諸如0.25、0.5、0.75、1.25、1.5、1.75、2.25、2.5、2.75、3.25、3.5、3.75、4.25、4.5及4.75,較佳為2.5分子之溶劑,諸如水。若雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物為結晶形式,則溶劑可為分子斂集之部分且可捕集於晶格中。
因此,在本發明之一較佳實施例中,雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物可由以下總式描述:[ARB(NEPi)]Na1-3‧xH2O,其中x為0、1、2或3,諸如3;較佳地[ARB(NEPi)]Na3‧xH2O,其中x為0、1、2或3,諸如3;更佳地[纈沙坦((2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na3‧xH2O,其中x為0、1、2或3,諸如3。
因此,在本發明之一較佳實施例中,雙重作用化合物,尤其係超分子複合物可由以下總式描述:[ARB(NEPi)]Na1-3‧xH2O,其中x為0至3,諸如2.5;較佳地[ARB(NEPi)]Na3‧xH2O,其中x為0至3,較佳為2.5;更佳地[(N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸)(5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na3‧x H2O,尤其[((S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸)((2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na3‧x H2O,其中x為0至3,諸如2.5。在此最佳實例中,複合物稱為[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉。
用於形式上計算相對分子質量之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉的簡化結構如下展示:
纈沙坦包含兩個酸性基團:羧酸及四唑。在本發明之此態樣之一實施例中,纈沙坦及NEPi之雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物的分子結構包含介於羧酸與陽離子(諸如Na)或溶劑(諸如水)之間的交互作用,或介於四唑基團與陽離子(諸如Na)或溶劑(諸如水)之間的鍵。在另一實施例中,雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物包含介於纈沙坦羧酸基團、四唑基團或NEPi基團與陽離子(諸如Na)或溶劑(諸如水)之間的交互作用。
本發明之組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物較佳為固體形式。在固態中,其可為結晶、部分結晶、非晶或多晶形式,較佳為結晶形式。
本發明之雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物區別於藉由簡單物理混合兩種活性劑所獲得之ARB與NEPi之組合。因此,其可具有使其尤其適用於製造及治療應用之不同性質。雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物,及組合之差異可由(S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸及(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯之雙重作用化合物例示,其由在物理混合物中未觀察到之很獨特的光譜峰及位移來表徵。
特定言之,此雙重作用化合物較佳由在室溫(攝氏25度)下以一帕耳帖制冷型矽偵測器(Peltier-cooled Silicon detector)用一使用Cu-Ka輻射(λ=1.54056 A)之Scintag XDS2000粉末繞射儀所獲得的X光粉末繞射圖案來表徵。掃描範圍在2θ中為1.5度至40度,且掃描速率為3度/分鐘。X光繞射圖中之最重要的反映包含以下晶格間平面間隔:[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之較佳表徵自經確定之X光繞射圖的晶格間平面間隔d獲得,藉此以下以[°]為單位之平均值2θ指示為(誤差限為±0.2):4.5、5.5、5.6、9.9、12.8、15.7、17.0、17.1、17.2、18.3、18.5、19.8、21.5、21.7、23.2、23.3、24.9、25.3、27.4、27.9、28.0、30.2。
或以±0.1為誤差限:4.45、5.52、5.57、9.94、12.82、15.66、17.01、17.12、17.2、18.32、18.46、19.76、21.53、21.72、23.17、23.27、24.88、25.3、27.4、27.88、28.04、30.2。
X光繞射圖案中之最強反映展示以下晶格間平面間隔:以[°]為單位之2θ:4.5、5.6、12.8、17.0、17.2、19.8、21.5、27.4,尤其4.45、5.57、17.01、17.2、19.76、21、27.4。
對於特定物質,檢查由自X光繞射之實驗所量測的晶格間平面間隔及強度之上文所指示之平均值的較佳方法在於自綜合性單晶結構測定來計算此等間隔及其強度。此結構測定得到晶胞常數及原子位置,其使對應於固體之x光繞射圖能夠借助於電腦輔助計算方法來計算。所使用之程式為應用軟體Materials Studio(Accelrys)內之粉末圖案。此等資料之對照,亦即自量測及自計算單晶資料所獲得之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊
醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之最重要譜系的晶格間平面間隔及強度在下表中說明。
本發明係關於結晶固體[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉,其由自單晶X光分析及X光粉末圖案所獲得的資料及參數來表徵。單晶X光繞射之方法之理論及經評估之晶體資料及參數的定義的深入論述可於Stout及Jensen,X-Ray Structure Determination;A Practical Guide,Mac Millian Co.,New York,N.Y.(1968)第3章中發現。
兩種合適單晶之兩個資料組在不同溫度下收集以確保冷卻期間無相變。
在傅立葉圖(Fourier map)中觀察到無氫原子在水或胺氮原子上,因此其不包括於精製中。
在三維中,單位晶胞由三個邊緣長度a、b及c,及三個軸間角α、β及Y來界定。以此方式確定單位晶胞之體積Vc。此等晶體參數之區別描述在Stout及Jensen之第3章(參見上文)中說明。來自單晶量測,尤其原子座標、各向同性熱參數、氫原子之座標以及相應各向同性熱參數之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉的細節顯示單斜單位晶胞存在,其十二個式C48H55N6O8Na3‧2.5H2O之單位之晶胞含量由於兩個折疊位置上之兩個不對稱單位而產生。自單晶X光結構所確定之無中心晶格群P21為對映純分子之普通晶格群。在此晶格群中存在兩個一般位置,其意謂對於單位晶胞中之十二個化學式單位須有18個鈉離子及15個水存在於不對稱單位中。
包含兩個不對稱單位之[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之單位晶胞的立體表示圖展示於圖1中。
基於單晶結構解析,[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉超分子之不對稱單位包含ARB及NEPi各者的六個部分、18個鈉原子及15個水分子。[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉可認為是由氧配位體配位之鈉超分子複合物。此等氧來自上述部分之十二個羧酸酯基團及十八個羰基,且來自15個水分子中之13個。晶體為此
等鈉複合物之無限三維網路。
此化合物亦可由展示以下顯著譜帶的使用衰減全反射傅立葉變換紅外(ATR-FTIR)光譜儀(Nicolet Magna-IR 560)所獲得之紅外吸收光譜來表徵,以波數倒數(cm-1)表示:2956(w),1711(st),1637(st),1597(st),1488(w),1459(m),1401(st),1357(w),1295(m),1266(m),1176(w),1085(m),1010(w),942(w),907(w),862(w),763(st),742(m),698(m),533(st)。複合物的特徵尤其在以下峰:1711(st),1637(st),1597(st)及1401(st)。對於ATR-IR之所有吸收帶的誤差範圍為±2cm-1。吸收帶之強度如下指示:(w)=弱,(m)=中等,且(st)=強強度。
此化合物亦可由藉由用785nm雷射激發源(Kaiser Optical Systems,Inc.)之色散拉曼光譜儀(dispersive Raman spectrometer)所量測之拉曼光譜(Raman spectrum)來表徵,其展示以波數倒數(cm-1)表示之以下顯著譜帶:3061(m),2930(m,寬),1612(st),1523(m),1461(w),1427(w),1287(st),1195(w),1108(w),11053(w),1041(w),1011(w),997(m),866(w),850(w),822(w),808(w),735(w),715(w),669(w),643(w),631(w),618(w),602(w),557(w),522(w),453(w),410(w),328(w)。
對於所有拉曼譜帶的誤差範圍為±2cm-1。吸收帶之強度如下指示:(w)=弱,(m)=中等,且(st)=強強度。
此化合物亦可由藉由差示掃描熱量測定(DSC)所量測之獨特熔融特性來表徵。使用Q1000(TA Instruments)儀器,觀察到此複合物之熔融起始溫度及峰最大溫度分別在139℃及145℃處。加熱速率為10K/min。
本發明之第二實施例係針對包含本文中所描述之組合、鍵聯前
藥或雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之添加劑的醫藥組合物。關於組合及複合物(包括ARB及NEPi)之細節在上文中關於本發明之第一實施例加以描述。
根據本發明之醫藥組合物可根據本身已知之方式製備且為適用於經腸(諸如經口或經直腸)及非經腸投與包括人之哺乳動物(溫血動物)之彼等醫藥組合物,其包含單獨或與至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑(尤其適合於經腸或非經腸應用)組合的治療有效劑量之組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物。典型口服調配物包括錠劑、膠囊、糖漿、酏劑及懸浮液。典型可注射調配物包括溶液及懸浮液。
適合用於本發明之醫藥學上可接受之添加劑包括(非限制性且以其為化學惰性的使其不負面影響本發明之組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物為限制條件):稀釋劑或填充劑、崩解劑、助流劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、著色劑及其組合。固體藥劑調配物中每種添加劑的量可在此項技術中習知之範圍內變化。用於上文所描述之調配物中之典型醫藥學上可接受之載劑由以下各物例示:糖,諸如乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇及山梨糖醇;澱粉,諸如玉米澱粉、木薯澱粉及馬鈴薯澱粉;纖維素及衍生物,諸如羧甲基纖維素鈉、乙基纖維素及甲基纖維素;磷酸鈣,諸如磷酸二鈣及磷酸三鈣;硫酸鈉;硫酸鈣;聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;聚乙烯醇;硬脂酸;鹼土金屬硬脂酸鹽,諸如硬脂酸鎂及硬脂酸鈣;硬脂酸;植物油,諸如花生油、棉籽油、芝麻油、橄欖油及玉米油;非離子型、陽離子型及陰離子型界面活性劑;乙二醇聚合物;β-環糊精;脂肪醇;及水解穀類固體,以及其他無毒相容性填充劑、黏結劑、崩解劑、緩衝劑、防腐劑、抗氧化劑、潤滑劑、調味劑及常用於醫藥調配物中之類似藥劑。
用於經腸或非經腸投藥之醫藥製劑為例如單位劑量形式之(諸如)包衣錠劑、錠劑、膠囊或栓劑,亦及安瓶。此等藥劑以本身已知之方
式製備,例如使用習知混合、粒化、塗覆、溶解或凍乾法。因此,用於口服用途之醫藥組合物可藉由以下方法獲得:將鍵聯前藥、組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其複合物與固態賦形劑組合,必要時將已獲得之混合物粒化,且若需要或必要則加工混合物或在已添加合適輔助型物質後使粒化成錠劑或包衣錠劑核心。
組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物中之活性化合物的劑量可視多種因子(諸如投藥模式、恆溫物種、年齡及/或個體情形)而定。動物疾病模型中之預計功效係在約0.1毫克/公斤/日至約1000毫克/公斤/日之範圍內(假定經口),且用於人類治療之預計劑量係在約0.1毫克/日至約2000毫克/日之範圍內。較佳範圍為約40毫克/日至約960毫克/日,較佳為約80毫克/日至約640毫克/日之鍵聯前藥。ARB組份係以約40毫克/日至約320毫克/日之劑量投與且NEPi組份係以約40毫克/日至約320毫克/日之劑量投與。更特定言之,ARB/NEPi之劑量分別包括40mg/40mg、80mg/80mg、160mg/160mg、320mg/320mg、40mg/80mg、80mg/160mg、160mg/320mg、320mg/640mg、80mg/40mg、160mg/80mg及320mg/160mg。此等劑量為"治療有效劑量"。根據本發明之醫藥組合物之鍵聯前藥、組合或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物之較佳劑量為治療有效劑量。
醫藥組合物可另外含有另一治療劑,例如各以此項技術中所報導之有效治療劑量存在者。此等治療劑包括:a)抗糖尿病劑,諸如胰島素、胰島素衍生物及模擬劑;胰島素促分泌素,諸如磺醯脲,例如格列甲嗪(Glipizide)、優降糖(glyburide)及瑪爾胰(Amaryl);促胰島素磺醯脲受體配位體,諸如美格替耐(meglitinide),例如那格列奈(nateglinide)及諾和隆(repaglinide);過氧化體增殖物活化受體(PPAR)配位體;蛋白質酪胺酸磷酸酶-1B(PTB-1B)抑制劑,諸如PTB-112;GSK3(肝糖合成酶激酶-3)抑制劑,諸如
SB-517955、SB-4195052、SB-216763、NN-57-05441及NN-57-05445;RXR配位體,諸如GW-0791及AGN-194204;鈉依賴性葡萄糖共輸送體抑制劑,諸如T-1095;肝糖磷酸化酶A抑制劑,諸如BAY R3401;雙胍,諸如二甲雙胍;α-葡糖苷酶抑制劑,諸如醣祿;GLP-1(類升糖素肽-1);GLP-1類似物,諸如Exendin-4及GLP-1模擬劑;及DPPIV(二肽基肽酶IV)抑制劑,諸如LAF237;b)降血脂劑,諸如3-羥基-3-甲基-戊二醯基輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,例如洛伐他汀(lovastatin)、匹伐他汀(pitavastatin)、斯伐他汀(simvastatin)、普伐他汀(pravastatin)、西立伐他汀(cerivastatin)、美伐他汀(mevastatin)、梵洛他汀(velostatin)、氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)、達伐他汀(dalvastatin)、阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin)、羅素他汀(rosuvastatin)及西立伐他汀(rivastatin);角鯊烯合成酶抑制劑;FXR(法尼酯X受體(farnesoid X receptor))及LXR(肝X受體)配位體;消膽胺;纖維酸酯;菸鹼酸及阿司匹靈(aspirin);c)抗肥胖劑,諸如羅氏鮮;及d)抗高血壓劑,例如環利尿劑(loop diuretic),諸如利尿酸、呋喃苯胺酸及托西邁(torsemide);血管收縮素轉化酶(ACE)抑制劑,諸如貝那普利(benazepril)、卡托普利(captopril)、依那普利(enalapril)、福辛普利(fosinopril)、賴諾普利(lisinopril)、莫西普利(moexipril)、派瑞諾普利(perinodopril)、喹那普利(quinapril)、雷米普利(ramipril)及群多普利(trandolapril);Na-K-ATPase膜泵之抑制劑,諸如地高辛(digoxin);ACE/NEP抑制劑,諸如奧馬曲拉(omapatrilat)、山帕曲拉(sampatrilat)及法西多曲(fasidotril);β-腎上腺素受體阻斷劑,諸如醋丁洛爾(acebutolol)、阿替洛爾(atenolol)、倍他洛爾(betaxolol)、比索洛爾(bisoprolol)、美托洛爾(metoprolol)、納多洛爾(nadolol)、普萘洛爾(propranolol)、索他洛爾(sotalol)及噻嗎洛爾(timolol);心肌收縮
劑,諸如地高辛、杜丁胺(dobutamine)及米力農(milrinone);鈣離子通道阻斷劑,諸如胺氯地平(amlodipine)、苄普地爾(bepridil)、地爾硫卓(diltiazem)、非洛地平(felodipine)、尼卡地平(nicardipine)、尼莫地平(nimodipine)、硝苯地平(nifedipine)、尼索地平(nisoldipine)及維拉帕米(verapamil);醛固酮受體拮抗劑;及醛固酮合成酶抑制劑。最佳組合搭配物為利尿劑,諸如雙氫氯噻嗪;及/或鈣離子通道抑制劑,諸如胺氯地平或其鹽。
其他特定抗糖尿病化合物由Patel Mona描述於Expert Opin Investig Drugs,2003,12(4),623-633,圖1至7中,其以引用方式併入本文中。本發明之化合物可在其他活性成份同時、之前或之後,分別由相同或不同投藥途徑或合併於相同醫藥調配物中來投與。
由代碼號、通用或貿易名稱所確定之治療劑的結構可自標準目錄"The Merck Index"之現行版本或自資料庫(例如國際專利(例如IMS World Publications))獲得。其相應內容以引用方式併入本文中。
因此,本發明除醫藥組合物以外還提供治療有效劑量之其他治療劑,其較佳係選自抗糖尿病劑、降血脂劑、抗肥胖劑或抗高血壓劑,最佳係選自上文所描述之抗糖尿病劑、抗高血壓劑或降血脂劑。
熟習有關技術者完全能夠選擇相關測試模型以證明本發明之組合在上文及下文所指示之治療適應症中之功效。
代表性研究用[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{-2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉來進行,例如應用以下方法:在有意識的大鼠中分析[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉之抗高血壓及中性肽鏈內切酶24.11(NEP)抑制活性。在過度表現人類腎素與其受質、人類血管收縮
素原之雙轉殖基因大鼠(dTGR)中評估降血壓作用(Bohlender,等人,High human renin hypertension in transgenic rats.Hypertension;29(1 Pt 2):428-34,1997)。因此,此等動物顯示血管收縮素II依賴性高血壓。在用外源性心房利尿鈉肽(ANP)注入之有意識的斯普雷格-多利大鼠(Sprague-Dawley rat)中測定[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉的NEP抑制作用。血漿ANP含量的增強用作活體內NEP抑制的指數。在兩個模型中,[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉以於明膠小型膠囊中之粉劑形式經口投與。結果在下文概述。
‧3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉在有意識的dTGR(爆發性高血壓之大鼠模型)中經口投藥後顯示劑量依賴性及長久性抗高血壓作用。
‧如由在用外源性ANP注入之有意識的斯普雷格-多利大鼠中之其血漿ANP免疫反應性(ANPir)的增強所反映,[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉的經口投藥快速及劑量依賴性地以長持續時間之作用來抑制NEP。
用用於連續量測動脈血壓及心率之無線電遙測傳輸器裝備dTGR。將動物隨機分配至媒劑(空膠囊)或治療(在2、6、20或60mg/kg下,經口)組。基線24小時平均動脈壓力(MAP)在所有組中約為170-180mmHg。[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}
胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉劑量依賴性降低MAP。自治療組所獲得之值為劑量依賴性的,且來自三個最高劑量之結果明顯不同於媒劑對照組。
[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉用於活體內抑制NEP的程度及持續時間用先前所描述之方法來分析(Trapani,等人,CGS 35601 and its orally active prodrug CGS 37808 as triple inhibitors of endothelin-converting enzyme-1,neutral endopeptidase 24.11,and angiotensin-converting enzyme.J Cardiovasc Pharmacol;44(Suppl 1):S211-5,2004)。將大鼠ANP(1-28)以450ng/kg/min之速率靜脈內注入有意識的、慢慢用導管插入之雄性斯普雷格-多利大鼠中。注入一小時後,將大鼠隨機分配至六個組中之一組:未經治療之對照組、媒劑(空膠囊)對照組,或四種劑量之藥物(2、6、20或60mg/kg,經口)中之一者。使ANP注入再持續八小時。收集血樣用於在-60min(亦即在開始注入ANP之前)、-30min(注入ANP 30min後)、0min(“基線”,注入ANP 60min後但在用藥物或其媒劑給藥之前)及在給藥後0.25、0.5、1、2、3、4、5、6、7及8小時由商業酶免疫檢定套組量測血漿ANPir。
在注入ANP之前,ANPir很低(0.9-1.4ng/ml)且在全部六個組中為類似的。ANP的注入使ANPir快速(經30min)升至約10ng/ml。此ANPir含量在未經治療及媒劑對照組中在實驗之持續時間內維持不變。與此相反,[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉快速(15min內)及劑量依賴性地增加ANPir。總之,如由血漿ANPir的增強所反映,經口投與之LCZ696以
長持續時間之作用快速及劑量依賴性地抑制NEP。
可用之結果指示根據本發明之化合物之令人意外的治療作用。
在第三態樣中,本發明係針對製備ARB或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及NEPi或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽之鍵聯前藥的方法,其包含以下步驟:(a)將無機鹽形成劑添加至溶劑中以形成鍵聯前藥鹽形成溶液;(b)將鹽形成溶液添加至ARB與NEPi之混合物中使得ARB與NEPi形成鍵聯前藥;及(c)分離鍵聯前藥。
較佳地,以當量添加組份。
無機鹽形成劑包括,但不限於:氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鋅、甲氧化鈣、乙酸鈣、碳酸氫鈣、甲酸鈣、氫氧化鎂、乙酸鎂、甲酸鎂及碳酸氫鎂、氫氧化鈉、甲氧化鈉、乙酸鈉、甲酸鈉。無機鹽形成劑使鍵聯部分釋放於溶劑中使得當ARB及NEPi存在時形成鍵聯前藥。
包括於本發明之範疇中之溶劑包括,但不限於:其中ARB、NEPi及無機鹽形成劑較佳顯示較低溶解度以使鍵聯前藥結晶的溶劑。此等溶劑可包含,但不限於:水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、乙酸乙酯、甲基第三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯及二氯甲烷,及此等溶劑之混合物。
無機鹽形成劑及溶劑當組合時應具有促進鍵聯前藥形成之pH值。pH值可介於約2與約6之間,較佳介於約3與約5之間,最佳介於3.9與4.7之間。
鍵聯前藥藉由結晶法及層析法來分離。特定類型之層析法包括:例如配位體特定樹脂層析法、逆相樹脂層析法及離子交換樹脂層析法。
一特定實例包含使一種組份之二價鹽與鍵聯前藥之另一組份之一價鹽接觸。特定言之,纈沙坦及單鹼性NEPi之混合鹽藉由使纈沙坦之鈣鹽與NEPi組份之鈉鹽接觸來合成。所要混合鹽的分離藉由選擇性結晶或使用配位體特定樹脂、逆相樹脂或離子交換樹脂之層析法來進行。類似地,此方法可用兩種組份之一價鹽(諸如兩種組份之鈉鹽)來進行。
在本發明之此態樣之另一實施例中,獲得鍵聯前藥之共晶體。在製備鍵聯前藥共晶體之方法中,無機鹽形成劑用提供氫鍵特性之中性分子替代。溶劑可為分子斂集之部分且可捕集於晶格中。
在第三態樣之一較佳實施例中,本發明係針對製備包含以下各物之雙重作用化合物的方法:(a)血管收縮素受體拮抗劑;(b)中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi);及視情況(c)醫藥學上可接受之陽離子;該方法包含以下步驟:(i)將血管收縮素受體拮抗劑及中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑(NEPi)溶解於合適溶劑中;(ii)將Cat之鹼性化合物溶解於合適溶劑中,其中Cat為陽離子;(iii)將步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之溶液組合;(iv)使固體沉澱,且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物;或由以下步驟藉由交換步驟(i)及(ii)中所使用之溶劑獲得雙重作用化合物:(iva)將所得溶液蒸發至乾燥;(va)將固體再溶解於合適溶劑中;(via)使固體沉澱且乾燥上述固體以獲得雙重作用化合物。
關於複合物(包括ARB、NEPi及陽離子)之細節在上文中關於本發明之第一實施例加以描述。
較佳地,在步驟(i)中以莫耳濃度當量添加ARB及NEPi。ARB與NEPi較佳以游離形式使用。步驟(i)中所使用之溶劑可為使ARB與NEPi溶解的任何溶劑。較佳溶劑包括上文所提及之彼等溶劑,亦即水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、甲基第三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯、DMF、NMF及二氯甲烷;及此等溶劑之混合物,諸如乙醇-水、甲醇-水、2-丙醇-水、乙腈-水、丙酮-水、2-丙醇-甲苯、乙酸乙酯-庚烷、乙酸異丙酯-丙酮、甲基第三丁基醚-庚烷、甲基第三丁基醚-乙醇、乙醇-庚烷、丙酮-乙酸乙酯、丙酮-環己烷、甲苯-庚烷,更佳為丙酮。
較佳地,在步驟(ii)中,Cat之鹼性化合物為能夠形成具有ARB及NEPi之酸性官能基之鹽的化合物。實例包括上文所提及之彼等化合物,諸如氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鋅、甲氧化鈣、乙氧化鈣、乙酸鈣、碳酸氫鈣、甲酸鈣、氫氧化鎂、乙酸鎂、甲酸鎂、碳酸氫鎂、氫氧化鈉、碳酸鈉、碳酸氫鈉、甲氧化鈉、乙氧化鈉、乙酸鈉、甲酸鈉、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鉀、碳酸氫鉀、甲氧化鉀、乙氧化鉀、乙酸鉀、甲酸鉀、氫氧化銨、甲氧化銨、乙氧化銨及碳酸銨。亦可使用高氯酸鹽。亦可使用胺鹼或鹽形成劑(諸如上文所提及之彼等),尤其係苄星、L-精胺酸、膽鹼、乙二胺、L-離胺酸或哌嗪。通常,無機鹼與本文中所說明之Cat一起使用。更特定言之,鹼性化合物為(Cat)OH、(Cat)2CO3、(Cat)HCO3,更佳為Cat(OH),諸如NaOH。鹼性化合物以相對於ARB或NEPi之至少3當量的量使用,較佳其以化學計量之量使用以獲得具有三個陽離子之雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物。步驟(ii)中所使用之溶劑可為使Cat(OH)溶解之任何溶劑或溶劑之混合物。較佳溶劑包括水、甲醇、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、甲基第
三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯及二氯甲烷及此等溶劑之混合物,更佳為水。
在步驟(iii)中將步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之溶液組合。此可藉由將步驟(i)中所獲得之溶液添加至步驟(ii)中所獲得之溶液中而發生或反之亦然,較佳地,將步驟(ii)中所獲得之溶液添加至步驟(i)中所獲得之溶液中。
根據第一替代方法,一旦組合及較佳混合,雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物即在步驟(iv)中沉澱。此混合及沉澱通常藉由在室溫下將溶液攪拌適當量之時間(諸如20min至6h,較佳30min至3h,更佳2h)來實現。有利的是添加雙重作用化合物之晶種。此方法有利於沉澱。
在根據此第一替代方法之步驟(iv)中,通常添加共溶劑。所使用之共溶劑為其中複合形式之ARB及NEPi顯示較低溶解度以使化合物沉澱的溶劑。由此共溶劑替代連續或逐步蒸餾產生主要為共溶劑之混合物。較佳溶劑包括乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、甲基第三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯及二氯甲烷及此等溶劑之混合物,更佳為乙酸異丙酯。較佳地,使用最少量之溶劑以利於沉澱。例如藉由過濾收集固體,且乾燥以獲得根據本發明之雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物。乾燥步驟可在室溫或諸如30至60℃、較佳30至40℃之高溫下進行。使用減壓以利於移除溶劑,較佳地,乾燥在周圍壓力或例如10至30bar(諸如20bar)之減壓下實現。
根據第二替代方法,一旦組合及較佳混合雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物,混合物即較佳形成澄清溶液。此混合通常藉由在室溫下將溶液攪拌適當量之時間(諸如20min至6h,較佳30min至3h,更佳1h)來實現。若必要,則可使溫度升高以確保得到澄清溶液。
接著藉由溶劑交換進一步處理所獲得之混合物以獲得雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物。
在根據此第二替代方法的步驟(iva)中,在高溫(諸如大於室溫至50℃,更佳30至40℃)下使溶液較佳蒸發至乾燥。
較佳地,在步驟(va)中,所使用之溶劑或溶劑混合物為其中複合形式之ARB及NEPi顯示較低溶解度以使雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物沉澱的溶劑。較佳溶劑包括上文所提及之用於步驟(i)之溶劑,諸如水、乙醇、2-丙醇、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸異丙酯、甲基第三丁基醚、乙腈、甲苯及二氯甲烷及此等溶劑之混合物,更佳為乙酸異丙酯。較佳地,使用最少量之溶劑或溶劑混合物以利於沉澱。
在步驟(via)中沉澱可在室溫下發生。其可藉由使混合物保持靜置或藉由攪動混合物、較佳藉由攪動其來實現。此較佳藉由攪拌及/或超音波處理來實現。沉澱後,例如藉由過濾收集固體且乾燥以獲得根據本發明之化合物。乾燥步驟可在室溫或高溫(諸如30至60℃)、較佳室溫下進行。可使用減壓以利於移除溶劑,較佳地,乾燥在周圍壓力下實現。
在第四態樣中,本發明係針對治療或預防以下疾病或病狀之方法:諸如高血壓、心臟衰竭(急性及慢性)、充血性心臟衰竭、左室功能低下及肥厚性心肌症、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上及室內心律不整、心房微顫、心房撲動、有害血管重塑作用、心肌梗塞及其續發症、動脈粥樣硬化、絞痛症(不穩定或穩定)、腎機能不全(糖尿病性及非糖尿病性)、心臟衰竭、狹心症、糖尿病、繼發性多醛固酮症、原發性及繼發性肺循環血壓過高、腎衰竭病狀(諸如糖尿病腎病變、絲球體腎炎、硬皮病、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿亦及腎血管性高血壓)、糖尿病性視網膜病,其他血管病症(諸如偏頭痛、周邊血管疾病、雷諾氏病、內腔增生、認知功能障礙(諸如阿茲海默氏病)、青光眼及中風),該方法包含將上述組合、鍵聯前藥或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物投與至需要此治療之受檢者。
可單獨或以根據第二實施例之醫藥組合物的形式投與第一實施例之組合、鍵聯前藥或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物。有關給藥之資訊、亦即治療有效劑量等無關於投與組合、聯合前藥或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物之方式均相同。
組合、鍵聯前藥或雙重作用化合物,尤其係複合物在作為第一線治療之用途、調配簡易性及製造簡易性方面比單獨ARB或中性肽鏈內切酶抑制劑之組合或其他ARB/NEPi之組合更有益。
現在將參考以下實例證明本發明之特定實施例。應瞭解此等實例僅經由說明本發明來揭示且在任何情況下不應限制本發明之範疇。
藉由將0.42g(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯游離酸(約95%之純度)及0.41g纈沙坦游離酸溶解於40mL丙酮中製備纈沙坦與(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯的雙重作用化合物。另外,將0.111g NaOH溶解於7mL H2O中。在室溫下將兩種溶液組合及攪拌1小時且獲得澄清溶液。在35℃下使溶液蒸發以得到玻璃狀固體。接著將40mL丙酮饋至玻璃狀固體殘餘物且攪拌及超音波處理所得混合物直至發生沉澱(約5分鐘)。過濾沉澱物且在室溫下在開放空氣中將固體乾燥2天直至獲得恆定質量之結晶固體。
藉由各種方法之表徵可證實纈沙坦與(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯的存在及與簡單物理混合物形成對比之複合物的形成。可在(例如)XRPD、IR及拉曼光譜中觀察到物理混合物中不存在的複合物之顯著光譜峰。參見以下表徵之細節。
藉由將22.96mmol(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯游離酸(約95%之純度)及纈沙坦(10.00g,22.96mmol)溶解於丙酮(300mL)中製備纈沙坦與(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯的雙重作用化合物。在室溫下將懸浮液攪拌15min以獲得澄清溶液。接著經10min之時段將於水(8mL)中之NaOH(2.76g,68.90mmol)水溶液添加至此溶液中。在10min內固體開始沉澱。或者,可藉由接種誘發沉澱。在20-25℃下將懸浮液攪拌2h。在15-30℃在減壓(180-250mbar)下將此懸浮液濃縮至約150mL之批料體積。接著將乙酸異丙酯(150mL)添加至批料中且在15-30℃在減壓(180-250mbar)下將懸浮液再濃縮至約150mL之批料體積。再次重複此操作(添加150mL乙酸異丙酯至批料中且濃縮)。在20-25℃下將懸浮液攪拌1h。藉由在氮氣下經一布赫納漏斗(Büchner funnel)收集固體,用乙酸異丙酯(20mL)洗滌,且在35℃在減壓(20mbar)下乾燥以獲得化合物。
表徵顯示與實例1相同之產物。
將2.00kg(2,323mmol)之AHU377鈣鹽及20L乙酸異丙酯饋至一反應器。在23±3℃下攪拌懸浮液,且添加4.56L之2N HCl。在23±3℃下將混合物攪拌15min以獲得澄清兩相溶液。分離有機層且用3×4.00L之水洗滌。在30-100mbar及22±5℃下將有機層濃縮至呈無色溶液之約3.5L(3.47kg)的AHU377游離酸乙酸異丙酯溶液。
將1.984kg(4,556mmol)纈沙坦及40L丙酮添加至上述含有約3.5
L(3.47kg)之AHU377游離酸乙酸異丙酯溶液的反應器中。在23±3℃下攪拌反應混合物以獲得過濾入一反應器中之澄清溶液。在23±3℃下(將其預先冷卻至20±5℃且在線過濾)經15-30min之時段將於1.0L水中之547.6g(13,690mmol)之NaOH溶液添加至反應混合物中,同時使內部溫度保持於20-28℃下(稍放熱)。用190mL水沖洗燒瓶且添加至反應混合物中。在23±3℃下將反應混合物攪拌15min且添加於50mL乙酸異丙酯中之4.0g[纈沙坦(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na3‧2.5 H2O晶種的漿料。在23±3℃下將混合物攪拌2h以獲得懸浮液。經20min之時段將懸浮液加熱至40±3℃之內部溫度且經20min之時段添加20L之乙酸異丙酯,同時使內部溫度保持於40±3℃下。在此溫度下將懸浮液再攪拌30min。在35±5℃(Tj 45±5℃)之內部溫度在減壓(200-350mbar)下將混合物濃縮至約35L之白色漿料(所收集之溶劑:約25L)。接著添加30L乙酸異丙酯,在35±5℃(Tj 45±5℃)之內部溫度在減壓(100-250mbar)下將混合物濃縮至約30L之白色漿料(所收集之溶劑:約40L)。再次添加40L乙酸異丙酯且在35±5℃(Tj 45±5℃)之內部溫度在減壓(100-200mbar)下將混合物濃縮至約30L之白色漿料(所收集之溶劑:約30L)。經約20min將反應混合物冷卻至23±3℃且在此溫度下再攪拌3h。藉由在氮氣下經聚丙烯襯墊在布赫納漏斗上過濾來收集固體。將固體用2% 5L之乙酸異丙酯洗滌且在35℃在減壓(20mbar)下乾燥直至乙酸異丙酯含量小於0.5%以獲得呈白色固體狀之上述產物。
表徵顯示與實例1相同之產物。
自用Scintag XDS2000粉末繞射儀所獲得之X光粉末圖案計算最重要譜系樣品的晶格間平面間隔得到以下結果:以[Å]為單位之d:21.2(s),17.0(w),7.1(s),5.2(w),4.7(w),4.6(w),
4.2(w),3.5(w),3.3(w)
對於所有晶格間平面間隔的誤差範圍為±0.1 Å。峰強度如下指示:(w)=弱,(m)=中等,且(st)=強。
以[°]為單位之平均值2θ指示為(誤差限為±0.2)4.5、5.5、5.6、9.9、12.8、15.7、17.0、17.1、17.2、18.3、18.5、19.8、21.5、21.7、23.2、23.3、24.9、25.3、27.4、27.9、28.0、30.2。
元素分析得到存在於樣品中之元素的以下量測值。在誤差限內的元素分析實驗值對應於(C48H55N6O8Na3)‧2.5H2O之全部式實驗值C:60.05% H:6.24% N:8.80%
計算* C:60.18% H:6.31% N:8.77%
使用衰減全反射傅立葉變換紅外(ATR-FTIR)光譜儀(Nicolet Magna-IR 560)所獲得之對於樣品的紅外吸收光譜展示以下顯著譜帶,以波數倒數(cm-1)表示:2956(w),1711(st),1637(st),1597(st),1488(w),1459(m),1401(st),1357(w),1295(m),1266(m),1176(w),1085(m),1010(w),942(w),907(w),862(w),763(st),742(m),698(m),533(st)。對於ATR-IR之所有吸收帶的誤差範圍為±2cm-1。
吸收帶的強度如下指示:(w)=弱,(m)=中等,且(st)=強強度。
藉由用785nm雷射激發源(Kaiser Optical Systems,Inc.)之色散拉曼光譜儀所量測之樣品的拉曼光譜展示以下顯著譜帶,以波數倒數(cm-1)表示:3061(m),2930(m,broad),1612(st),1523(m),1461(w),1427(w),
1287(st),1195(w),1108(w),11053(w),1041(w),1011(w),997(m),866(w),850(w),822(w),808(w),735(w),715(w),669(w),643(w),631(w),618(w),602(w),557(w),522(w),453(w),410(w),328(w)。
對於所有拉曼譜帶之誤差範圍為±2cm-1。
吸收帶的強度如下指示:(w)=弱,(m)=中等,且(st)=強強度。
藉由使用配備有一300瓦特高功率1H、兩個500瓦特高功率X-放大器、必要之高功率預放大器、一"MAS"控制器及一4mm BioSolids高解析度之Bruker探針的Bruker-BioSpin AVANCE 500 NMR光譜儀之高解析度CP-MAS(交叉極化-自旋魔角)13C NMR光譜研究樣品。
將每個樣品封裝於一4mm ZrO2轉子中。臨界實驗參數為3 msec之13C接觸時間、在魔角處12KHz之旋轉速度、“斜坡式”接觸時間、使用"SPINAL64"1H解耦機制、10sec之再循環延遲及在開氏293度下之1024次掃描。關於在176.04ppm下之外部甘胺酸羰基提供化學位移之參考。
高解析度CP-MAS 13C NMR展示以下顯著峰(ppm):179.0,177.9177.0,176.7,162.0,141.0,137.2,129.6,129.1,126.7,125.3,64.0,61.5,60.4,50.2,46.4,40.6,38.6,33.5,32.4,29.8,28.7,22.3,20.2,19.1,17.8,16.8,13.1,12.1,11.1。
纈沙坦與(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯之個別Na鹽的物理混合物顯示兩種鹽的簡單惰性混合物。然而,實例1中所製備之複合物的樣品與鈉鹽之1:1之混合物相比顯示明顯不同的光譜特徵。
如使用Q1000(TA儀)之差示掃描熱量測定(DSC)所量測,觀察到
樣品之熔融起始溫度及峰最大溫度分別在139℃及145℃。
如由DSC及熱解重量分析(TGA)所展示,一旦加熱,水合作用的水即於兩個步驟中釋放:第一步驟在100℃以下發生且第二步驟在120℃以上發生。
DSC與TGA儀在10K/min之加熱速率下操作。
在室溫下藉由將114mg纈沙坦之鈣鹽及86mg(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯游離酸溶解於2mL甲醇中,接著蒸發甲醇製備纈沙坦鈣鹽與(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯之鍵聯前藥。接著將3mL乙腈饋至玻璃狀固體殘餘物且由10min超音波處理來平衡,接著磁力攪拌20小時。
藉由過濾收集約120mg白色固體。液相層析(LC)及元素分析指示(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯與纈沙坦之間的1:1之比率。由X光粉末繞射可獲知樣品為非晶形。
在室溫下藉由將57mg纈沙坦之鈣鹽、43mg(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯游離酸及12.6mg參(羥甲基)胺基甲烷(Tris)溶解於2mL甲醇中,接著蒸發甲醇製備纈沙坦鈣鹽及(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯及Tris之鍵聯前藥。接著將3mL乙腈饋至玻璃狀固體殘餘物且由10min超音波處理來平衡,接著磁力攪拌20小時。藉由過濾收集約83mg白色固體。LC及元素分析指示(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯與纈沙坦之間的1:1之比率。由X光粉末繞射可獲知樣品為非晶形。
儘管本發明已參考其特定實施例在上文中加以描述,但顯而易
見的是在不背離本文中所揭示之發明概念的情況下可作出許多變化、修改及變更。因此,其意欲涵蓋屬於附加申請專利範圍之精神及大範圍內之所有此等變化、修改及變更。本文中所引用之所有專利申請案、專利及其他公開案以其全文引用方式併入。
Claims (20)
- 一種化合物,其具有總式[((S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸)((2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na1-3‧xH2O,其中x為0至3,其係呈固體形式,其限制條件為該化合物非[3-((1S,3R)-1-聯苯-4-基甲基-3-乙氧羰基-1-丁基胺甲醯基)丙酸酯-(S)-3'-甲基-2'-(戊醯基{2"-(四唑-5-基酯)聯苯-4'-基甲基}胺基)丁酸酯]半五水合三鈉。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其具有總式[((S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸)((2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯]Na3‧xH2O,其中x為0至3。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中該化合物係呈複合物形式。
- 如請求項3之化合物,其係呈超分子複合物形式。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中x係選自由下列所組成之群:0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1、1.25、1.5、1.75、2、2.25、2.5、2.75及3。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其中x為0。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其係呈結晶形式。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其係呈非晶型形式。
- 如請求項1或2之化合物,其係呈水合物形式。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含:(a)如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物;及(b)至少一種醫藥學上可接受之添加劑。
- 如請求項10之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥學上可接受之添加劑係選自以下各物組成之群:稀釋劑或填充劑、崩解劑、助流劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、著色劑及其組合。
- 一種製備如請求項1至9中任一項之雙重作用化合物的方法,該方法包含以下步驟:(i)將(S)-N-戊醯基-N-{[2'-(1H-四唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-甲基}-纈胺酸及(2R,4S)-5-聯苯-4-基-4-(3-羧基-丙醯胺基)-2-甲基-戊酸乙酯溶解於合適溶劑中;(ii)將Na之鹼性化合物溶解於合適溶劑中;(iii)組合步驟(i)及(ii)中所獲得之該等溶液;(iv)使固體沉澱且將其乾燥以獲得該雙重作用化合物;或由以下步驟藉由交換步驟(i)及(ii)中所使用之該或該等溶劑,獲得該雙重作用化合物:(iva)將該所得溶液蒸發至乾燥;(va)將該固體再溶解於合適溶劑中;(via)使該固體沉澱且將其乾燥以獲得該雙重作用化合物。
- 如請求項12之方法,其中步驟(i)及/或(iva)中之該合適溶劑為丙酮。
- 如請求項12或13之方法,其中Na之鹼性化合物為NaOH、Na2CO3、NaHCO3、NaOMe、NaOAc或NaOCHO。
- 一種如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物之用途,其係用於製備治療或預防選自以下各病組成之群之病狀或疾病的藥物:高血壓、心臟衰竭(急性及慢性)、充血性心臟衰竭、左室功能低下、肥厚性心肌症、糖尿病性心肌病變、室上性及室性心律不整、心房微顫、心房撲動、有害血管重塑作用、心肌梗塞及其續發症、動脈粥樣硬化、絞痛症(不穩定或穩定)、腎機能不全(糖尿病性及非糖尿病性)、心臟衰竭、狹心症、糖尿病、繼發性多醛固酮症、原發性及繼發性肺循環血壓過高、糖尿病腎病變、絲球體腎炎、硬皮病、腎小球硬化、原發性腎病之蛋白尿、腎血 管性高血壓、糖尿病性視網膜病、偏頭痛、周邊血管疾病、雷諾氏病(Raynaud's disease)、內腔增生、認知功能障礙、青光眼及中風。
- 如請求項15之用途,其中該藥劑係用於治療高血壓。
- 如請求項16之用途,其中該藥劑係用於治療心臟衰竭(急性及慢性)。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含:(a)如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物;(b)選自抗糖尿病劑、降血脂劑、抗肥胖劑及抗高血壓劑之治療劑;及(c)至少一種醫藥學上可接受之添加劑。
- 如請求項18之醫藥組合物,其中該抗高血壓劑為胺氯地平苄磺酸鹽(amlodipine besylate)。
- 如請求項19之醫藥組合物,其中該抗高血壓劑為雙氫氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide)。
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