200528404 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種用於製造破璃薄板、更具體而言製造 厚度小於3毫米之玻璃板之裝置，其具有一熔化槽、一勻化 系統、一入口及一拉製槽，該拉製槽具有一包含至少一個 槽縫式噴嘴之喷嘴系統。此外，本發明亦係關於一種適用 之拉製槽。 【先前技術】 在稱作下拉式製程之製程中，係首先將來自熔化槽之玻 璃饋送至一攪拌坩堝，在該攪拌坩堝中，以機械方式使玻 璃勻化。將玻璃熔體經由一饋送管饋送至固定有拉製噴嘴 之拉製槽。拉製喷嘴具有一槽縫，玻璃帶即經由該槽縫下 拉。該拉製槽連同拉製喷嘴係實際之定形組件。拉製槽之 寬度至少等於欲拉製之所需玻璃帶寬度。由適當之加熱元 件將拉製槽中之玻璃加熱至所需定形溫度。此外，在拉製 θ中玻璃自饋送管之大體圓形截面均勻地分佈於喷嘴槽 縫之寬度上。為使來自一圓形截面之玻璃流分佈於一細長 截面上，通常使一具有水平伸展之圓柱形内部空間之組件 作為拉製槽耦合至豎直伸展之饋送管。在德國專利de_b工 596 484中早已闡述了一種對應之裝置。 旱度】於3¾米、尤其係厚度小於丨毫米之玻璃薄板可用 作電子益具之基板玻璃，例如用於顯示器（可攜式電話、平 ^螢幕等）及電腦之數位大容量記憶體。因此，對玻璃之内 邛扣貝（基本取決於氣泡及夾雜物）、清潔度、表面幾何形狀 98941.doc 200528404 之品質（其基本取決於波紋及與平面度之偏差（翹曲））、破裂 強度之要求及在某些情況下對低重量之要求極高。 對於傳統拉製槽，吾人已發現’玻璃會優先朝喷嘴之中 心流動。相反，拉製槽之外圍區域則未提供有充足之玻璃。 此外’在上部角落處可能會形成流動死區，該等流動死區 會因其尺寸不可界定而造成製程波動。 過去’人們已嘗试藉由在喷嘴區域中相對於拉製方向沿 橫向使用特定溫度曲線圖來提高玻璃板之品質。為此，在 (舉例而言）德國專利DE 100 64 977 C1中提出將入口、拉製 槽及喷嘴系統設計為一閉合系統，其中使入口具有一具有 對稱管截面之圓形管並使拉製槽具有一在豎直及橫向方向 上分段之加熱系統。 曰本專利JP 2002·211934 A係選用一不同方法並提出以 此一方式來構造拉製槽之㈣：使其為槽縫形從而與槽縫 式噴嘴相匹配’其中該槽縫在中心處較在外端處為窄。此 :增大中心處之流阻’從而相對而言增大外端處之玻螭流 【發明内容】 本^明之-目的係提供—種用於製造玻璃薄板之 適用之拉製槽，复佶五 及 ^使"人可製造一種可滿足與厚度及平面 又之旦定性相關之高要求之玻璃帶。 /亥目的係藉由—種如請求項1之裝置及-種如請求項8之 適用拉製槽來達成。鈐 、之 至13中給出。 ^佳之構造在請求項2至7及請求項9 98941.doc 200528404 根據本發明，該拉製槽包括至少兩段，其中每一段皆具 有一不同之截面積，該截面積係垂直於玻璃熔體之主要流 動方向來里測。玻璃炫體在入口與槽縫式喷嘴之間所覆苗 之距離由至少兩部分組成：位於一段中之部分及位於另一 段中之部分。在此種情況下，每一距離部分中之壓力降與 該距離部分之長度乘以該段中之流阻成正比。由於該等至 少兩段就不同之局部距離及流阻而言相互適應，因而可保 證在該等至少兩段内被覆蓋之距離中之總壓力降恒定，具 體而言在槽縫式喷嘴中之任一位置處恒定。此會保證玻璃 流均勻地分佈於整個寬度上，從而在槽縫寬度中任一位置 處之玻璃流量皆相等。此會形成在整個帶寬度内具有極其 恒定之厚度及平面度之拉製玻璃帶。 出於流體動力學原因，較佳使該入口通入具有較大截面 積之段中，隨後係具有較小截面積之段，乃因視流速而定， 在自一較窄截面積過渡至一較寬截面積之過渡區域中可能 會出現流動死區，該等死區又可能會引起程度不可界定之 製程波動。 具體而言，當使用具有一圓形截面區域之入口時，建議 使該入口所通入之表面段同樣具有一圓形截面區域。 若使該入口穿過該寬度之一半通入拉製槽内，且自此處 没置兩個向外伸展之管作為具有較大截面積之段，則會達 成玻璃熔體在整個喷嘴上相當均勻之分佈。該等兩個管具 有相同之截面積，因而將質量流對等地劃分成兩半，該等 兩半自中心處向外均勻地分佈於整個寬度上。詳言之，業 98941.doc 200528404 已證貫，就流動狀態而言，在槽縫式噴嘴與該等管之間具 有一介於5二與45二之間的角度較佳。 在-較佳實施例中，截面積較小之段具有一矩形截面區 域。業已證實，特別係在與一具有大體圓形截面區域之較 大截面積之段相結合時，此頗為有利，當使用管作為截面 積較大之段時尤其如此。在此種情況下，該等管在其圓周 壁上具有一平行於管軸線之槽縫，該槽縫由平行之壁鄰 接，藉以界定較小之截面積。然後，該等壁通入槽縫式噴 嘴中。在此種情況下，該等平行壁之間在槽縫式喷嘴之縱 向方向上之距離應小於該等管之截面。 業已證實’在拉製槽處提供加熱元件較佳。此意味著可 以一方式在拉製槽寬度及高度上加熱拉製槽，以使玻璃具 有一對於喷嘴區域中之拉製製程而言最佳之溫度分佈。 5亥拉製槽應由耐火材料構成。麵及始合金尤其較佳。 【實施方式】 在圖1所示熔化槽1中獲得之玻璃熔體A經由短通路2進入 容器3，在容器3中藉助一轉子4得到勻化。轉子4係由傳動 裝置5驅動且其速度可控。然後，將已勻化之熔體a經由通 道6饋送至拉製槽7，拉製槽7配備有一噴嘴8，該噴嘴8係由 鉑製成且設置有一下部槽縫。 通路2及容器3與拉製槽7二者皆配備有整合入壁中之加 熱線圈9、10及11。對通道6内熔體之加熱係藉助電極12、 13、14及15以焦耳熱來達成。饋送至加熱線圈之電流強度 及饋送至該等電極之電流強度二者皆可控，因而可設定極 98941.doc 200528404 其微小之溫度差。 拉製槽7之下部中所設置之喷嘴8同樣鑲襯有鉑或鉑合 金’並可藉由電流直接通過支撐芯體及/或鉑包覆層而受到 加熱’該加熱與由一可控電流源19對拉製槽7之加熱相獨 立。 圖la顯示除轉子4正上方之溶體表面外，直至喷嘴$之整 個設備之所有側面皆封閉，以使熔體無法接觸開口表面。 僅設置有藉助加熱線圈16配備之通風管17。 ® 熔體自喷嘴8向下導引，玻璃流B在固化後藉助習知之拉 製裝置（例如藉助從動輥）拉出。然後，可將玻璃帶切割成所 需長度。 圖lb對應於圖la中之剖面D_D，其顯示具有入口 2〇之拉 製槽7及喷嘴8之具體結構。入口 2〇與拉製槽7二者皆為管狀 設計，其中形成拉製槽7之管係垂直於形成入口之管伸展。 水平伸展之官由一槽縫鄰接，該槽縫平行於管軸線伸展並 φ 縮窄形成一拉製喷嘴8。在此處所示拉製槽7中，玻璃優先 朝喷嘴中心流動，而拉製槽7之外圍區域未提供有充足之玻 璃。此外，玻璃並不流經左上角及右上角中之區域，從而 在此處形成流動死區，該等流動死區會因其尺寸不可界定 而造成製程波動。 圖2顯示一本發明之拉製槽7,。拉製槽7具有一由管2卟及 2 la形成且具有一較大截面積之段、及一由鄰接該等管 21 a、b之平行板形成且具有一較小截面積之段22。在此種 情況下，形成段22之該等平行板之間的距離小於管2丨&、b 98941.doc •10- 200528404 之截面。200528404 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a device for manufacturing broken glass sheets, more specifically, glass sheets having a thickness of less than 3 mm, which has a melting tank and a homogenizing system. An inlet and a drawing slot, the drawing slot having a nozzle system including at least one slot nozzle. In addition, the present invention relates to a suitable drawing groove. [Prior art] In a process called a pull-down process, glass from a melting tank is first fed to a stirring crucible, in which the glass is mechanically homogenized. The glass melt is fed through a feed tube to a drawing tank to which a drawing nozzle is fixed. The drawing nozzle has a slot through which the glass ribbon is pulled down. This drawing slot, together with the drawing nozzle, is the actual shaped component. The width of the drawing groove is at least equal to the width of the glass ribbon required for drawing. The glass in the drawing tank is heated to the desired setting temperature by a suitable heating element. In addition, the substantially circular cross section of the glass self-feeding tube in the drawing θ is evenly distributed over the width of the nozzle slot. To distribute the glass flow from a circular cross-section over an elongated cross-section, a component with a horizontally extending cylindrical internal space is usually coupled as a draw slot to a vertically extending feed tube. A corresponding device has already been described in German patent de_b. 596 484. Aridity] Glass sheets with a thickness of 3¾m, especially less than 丨 mm, can be used as substrate glass for electronic appliances, such as digital high-capacity memory for displays (portable phones, flat screens, etc.) and computers. Therefore, the inner shell of glass (basically depends on bubbles and inclusions), cleanliness, surface geometry 98941.doc 200528404 quality (which basically depends on ripples and deviations from flatness (warping)), cracking The requirements for strength and, in some cases, the requirements for low weight are extremely high. For traditional drawing tanks, we have found that the glass will flow preferentially towards the center of the nozzle. In contrast, the peripheral area of the drawing tank is not provided with sufficient glass. In addition, 'flow dead zones may be formed at the upper corners, and these flow dead zones may cause process fluctuations due to their undefined size. In the past, people have tried to improve the quality of glass plates by using specific temperature profiles in the nozzle area in a lateral direction with respect to the drawing direction. For this purpose, in German patent DE 100 64 977 C1, for example, it is proposed to design the inlet, drawing groove and nozzle system as a closed system, in which the inlet has a circular tube with a symmetrical tube cross section and the drawing The tank has a heating system that is segmented in vertical and lateral directions. The Japanese patent JP 2002 · 211934 A uses a different method and proposes a method for constructing the groove of the drawing groove: it is slot-shaped so as to match the slot-type nozzle 'where the slot is more at the center Narrow at the outer end. This: Increase the flow resistance at the center 'and relatively increase the glass flow at the outer end. [Summary of the Invention] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a suitable drawing groove for the manufacture of glass sheets. Five people can make a kind of glass ribbon that can meet the high requirements related to thickness and flatness. The purpose is to achieve by means of a device such as item 1 and an applicable drawing groove such as item 8.钤, Zhi to 13 are given. ^ The structure of Jia is in claim 2 to 7 and claim 9 98941.doc 200528404. According to the present invention, the drawing tank includes at least two sections, each of which has a different cross-sectional area, and the cross-sectional area is perpendicular to the glass melt. The main flow direction is measured inside. The distance between the entrance of the glass body and the slot nozzle is composed of at least two parts: the part located in one section and the part located in the other section. In this case, the pressure drop in each distance section is proportional to the length of the distance section multiplied by the flow resistance in that section. Since the at least two sections are mutually compatible in terms of different local distances and flow resistances, it is guaranteed that the total pressure drop in the distance covered in the at least two sections is constant, specifically in the slot nozzle Constant at any position. This ensures that the glass flow is evenly distributed over the entire width, so that the glass flow is equal at any position in the slot width. This results in a drawn glass ribbon having an extremely constant thickness and flatness over the entire ribbon width. For reasons of fluid dynamics, it is preferable to make the inlet pass into a section with a larger cross-sectional area, and then a section with a smaller cross-sectional area, due to the transition from a narrower cross-sectional area to a Flowing dead zones may appear in transition areas with wider cross-sectional areas, and these dead zones may cause process fluctuations of an undefined degree. Specifically, when using an entrance having a circular cross-sectional area, it is recommended that the surface section through which the entrance passes also have a circular cross-sectional area. If the inlet is passed through a half of the width into the drawing tank, and there are no two outwardly extending tubes as a section with a large cross-sectional area, the glass melt will be equivalent on the entire nozzle. Evenly distributed. The two tubes have the same cross-sectional area, so the mass flow is equally divided into two halves, which are evenly distributed from the center to the entire width. In detail, the industry 98941.doc 200528404 has been proven that, in terms of flow state, it is better to have an angle between 5 2 and 45 2 between the slot nozzle and the tubes. In the preferred embodiment, the section with the smaller cross-sectional area has a rectangular cross-sectional area. This has proven particularly advantageous when combined with a section having a relatively large cross-sectional area with a generally circular cross-sectional area, especially when using a tube as a section with a large cross-sectional area. In this case, the pipes have a slot on their circumferential wall parallel to the tube axis, which slot is adjacent by the parallel wall to define a smaller cross-sectional area. The walls then pass into slot nozzles. In this case, the distance between the parallel walls in the longitudinal direction of the slot nozzle should be smaller than the cross section of the tubes. It has been proven that it is better to provide the heating element at the draw slot. This means that the drawing tank can be heated over the width and height of the drawing tank in such a way that the glass has a temperature distribution that is optimal for the drawing process in the nozzle area. 5Hila grooves shall be constructed of refractory materials. Surfaces and starting alloys are particularly preferred. [Embodiment] The glass melt A obtained in the melting tank 1 shown in FIG. 1 enters the container 3 through the short path 2 and is homogenized in the container 3 by a rotor 4. The rotor 4 is driven by a transmission 5 and its speed is controllable. Then, the homogenized melt a is fed to a drawing tank 7 through a channel 6, and the drawing tank 7 is provided with a nozzle 8 made of platinum and provided with a lower slot. Both the channel 2 and the container 3 and the drawing slot 7 are equipped with heating coils 9, 10 and 11 integrated into the wall. The heating of the melt in the channel 6 is achieved by the electrodes 12, 13, 14 and 15 with Joule heat. Both the intensity of the current fed to the heating coils and the intensity of the current fed to these electrodes are controllable, so the poles can be set to 98941.doc 200528404 for small temperature differences. The nozzle 8 provided in the lower part of the drawing groove 7 is also lined with platinum or a platinum alloy 'and can be heated by the electric current directly through the supporting core and / or the platinum coating. The heating is controlled by a controlled current. The source 19 is independent of the heating of the drawing tank 7. Figure la shows that except for the solution surface directly above the rotor 4, all sides of the entire device up to the nozzle $ are closed so that the melt cannot contact the open surface. Only a ventilation tube 17 provided with the heating coil 16 is provided. ® The melt is guided downwards from the nozzle 8 and the glass stream B is pulled out by means of a conventional drawing device (for example by means of a driven roller) after curing. The glass ribbon can then be cut to the required length. Fig. Lb corresponds to the section D_D in Fig. La, which shows the specific structure of the drawing groove 7 and the nozzle 8 having the inlet 20. Both the inlet 20 and the drawing groove 7 are tubular designs, in which the pipe forming the drawing groove 7 extends perpendicular to the pipe forming the inlet. The horizontally stretched abutment is adjoined by a slot which extends parallel to the tube axis and narrows to form a drawn nozzle 8. In the drawing tank 7 shown here, the glass preferentially flows toward the center of the nozzle, and the peripheral area of the drawing tank 7 is not provided with sufficient glass. In addition, glass does not flow through the areas in the upper left corner and the upper right corner, thereby forming flow dead zones, which may cause process fluctuations due to their undefined size. Fig. 2 shows a drawing groove 7 of the present invention. The drawing groove 7 has a section formed by the pipes 2a and 2a and having a larger cross-sectional area, and a section 22 formed by parallel plates adjacent to the pipes 21a, b and having a smaller cross-sectional area. In this case, the distance between the parallel plates forming the section 22 is smaller than the cross section of the tubes 2 &, b 98941.doc • 10-200528404.
贺之總寬度係1 8 5 0宅米。具有一較小截面積之段2 2之 寬度係50亳米，而管21a、b之直徑係80毫米。該等管21a、 b與噴鳴8形成一 30。之夾角α。詳言之，在約工〇3 pa s之典型 玻璃炼體黏度（其相依於具體玻璃成份及溫度）下，此會保證 在噴鳴所有位置處之玻璃流量皆相同。拉製槽7，之分配作 用通常與黏度無關，除非在寬度方向上存在一溫度分佈。 如圖3所概示，以下關系式成立：Uaxwi + i2axw2=The total width of He Zhi is 1,850 square meters. The width of the segment 22 having a smaller cross-sectional area is 50 mm, and the diameter of the tubes 21a, b is 80 mm. The tubes 21a, b and snoring 8 form a 30. Angle α. In detail, at a typical glass refining viscosity of about 0 3 pa s (which depends on the specific glass composition and temperature), this will ensure that the glass flow is the same at all positions of the blast. The distribution of the drawing tank 7 is usually independent of viscosity, unless there is a temperature distribution in the width direction. As outlined in Figure 3, the following relationship holds: Uaxwi + i2axw2 =
UbxWl + 12bxW2=常數。在該關系式中，iu及ub係具有 較大截面積、從而產生較低流阻貿丨之段所覆蓋距離，Ua j b係具有較小截面積、因而具有車交高流阻之段所覆 蓋距離。應注意’始終垂直於玻璃熔體之流動方向來量測 截面積。 $統之流動仿真工具使吾人能夠找到可符合上述方程式 之官直徑、角度及壁間距。舉例而言，對於一更陡之角产， ^距將相對於管直徑增大。藉助仿真工具，亦可藉由又改 =直徑、角度及壁間距之參數，以—甚至在寬度方向上 子非均勻溫度分佈時亦會達成玻璃溶體之 式設計出拉製槽幾何形狀。 佈之方 【圖式簡單說明】 下文將參照附圖更詳細地解釋本發明，附圖中： 2 U至1b顯示-種用於製造玻璃薄板之先前技術裝置. 圖2顯示-種本發明之拉製槽；及 U置’ 圖3顯示由破璃熔體所覆蓋之距離。 98941.doc 200528404 【主要元件符號說明】UbxWl + 12bxW2 = constant. In this relation, iu and ub have a larger cross-sectional area, which results in a lower flow resistance, and Ua jb has a smaller cross-sectional area, and thus has a high flow resistance. distance. It should be noted that the cross-sectional area is always measured perpendicular to the flow direction of the glass melt. The flow simulation tool of the system allows us to find the official diameter, angle, and wall spacing that can meet the above equation. For example, for a steeper angle, the distance will increase relative to the diameter of the tube. With the help of simulation tools, the geometry of the drawing groove can also be designed by changing the parameters of = diameter, angle, and wall spacing in order to achieve a glass solution even when the temperature distribution is non-uniform in the width direction. [Brief description of the drawing] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, in which: 2 U to 1b show-a prior art device for manufacturing glass sheets. Figure 2 shows-a kind of the invention Drawing slot; and U set 'Figure 3 shows the distance covered by the broken glass melt. 98941.doc 200528404 [Description of main component symbols]
1 熔化槽 2 短通路 3 容器 4 轉子 5 傳動裝置 6 通道 7 拉製槽 T 拉製槽 8 噴嘴 9 加熱線圈 10 加熱線圈 11 加熱線圈 12 電極 13 電極 14 電極 15 電極 16 加熱線圈 17 通風管 19 可控電流源 20 入口 21a 管 21b 管 22 段 98941.doc -12 2005284041 Melting tank 2 Short path 3 Vessel 4 Rotor 5 Transmission 6 Channel 7 Drawing groove T Drawing groove 8 Nozzle 9 Heating coil 10 Heating coil 11 Heating coil 12 Electrode 13 Electrode 14 Electrode 15 Electrode 16 Heating coil 17 Ventilation pipe 19 Yes Controlled current source 20 inlet 21a tube 21b tube 22 section 98941.doc -12 200528404
α 夾角 A 玻璃熔體 Β 玻璃流 L1 a 距離 Lib 距離 L2a 距離 L2b 距離 W1 流阻 W2 流阻 98941.docα Angle A Glass Melt B Glass Flow L1 a Distance Lib Distance L2a Distance L2b Distance W1 Flow Resistance W2 Flow Resistance 98941.doc