RS20120214A1

RS20120214A1 - Heat-insulating, fire-proof, water-resistant, permeable-to-air, flexible lightweight concrete

Info

Publication number: RS20120214A1
Application number: RS20120214A
Authority: RS
Inventors: Thomas Thichy
Original assignee: Lasso Financial Ltd
Priority date: 2009-11-25
Filing date: 2010-11-24
Publication date: 2012-10-31
Also published as: AP2012006282A0; CA2781692A1; WO2011064646A3; EP2504291A4; IL220004A0; EP2504291A2; MX2012006015A; MA33801B1; WO2011064646A2; TN2012000250A1; US20120267562A1; BR112012012533A2; AU2010322785A1

Abstract

The heat-insulating, fire-proof, water-resistant, permeable-to-air, flexible lightweight concrete with a volume-density below 500 kg/m3, made with polystyrene pearl according to the invention is equally suitable for heat-, and sound-insulation of walls and slabs, as well as decreasing their water permeability or water-absorbing capacity, as well as increasing their resistance to fire at the same time keeping their ability to be permeable-to-air and humidity, for renovation old buildings or building new buildings. Its composition is: polystyrene pearl, or recycled polystyrene of 1-10 mm diameter, water, cement and organic (polymer) binding material mixed with cement: such homo-, co-, and terpolymers - which are water-soluble and/or can be dispersed in water. Resulting from the use of organic (polymer) binding material, the polystyrene pearls can be easily mixed with the inorganic binding material and water. The heat-insulating material produced this way can be even 100 kg/m3 , depending on the quantity of the binding materials. The ready-made material can be greased, pumped, cast; board, brick or filling walls can be made of it, and above 300 kg/m3 volume density it can be plastered as well. The cement can be mixed or replaced by gypsum. The polystyrene pearl can be mixed, or replaced by a material, which consists of granules and is water-repellent and is of small volume-density (max. 400 kg/m3 ).

Description

Termoizolacioni, vatrootporni, vodootporni, Thermal insulation, fireproof, waterproof,

propusan za vazduh, fleksibilni laki beton air permeable, flexible lightweight concrete

Predmet pronalaska je termoizolacioni, vatrootporni, vodootporni, propusan za vazduh, fleksibilni laki beton sa zapreminskom gustinom manjom od 500 kg/m<3>, napravljen sa polistirenskim kuglicama, koji je podjednako podesan i za toplotnu, i za zvučnu izolaciju zidova i ploča, kao i za smanjenje njihove vodopropusnosti ili sposobnosti apsorbovanja vode, kao i za povećanje njihove otpornosti na vatru, uz istovremeno očuvanje njihove sposobnosti da budu propusni za vazduh i vlagu, za renoviranje starih zgrada ili za gradnju novih zgrada. The subject of the invention is heat-insulating, fire-resistant, waterproof, air-permeable, flexible lightweight concrete with a volume density of less than 500 kg/m<3>, made with polystyrene balls, which is equally suitable for thermal and sound insulation of walls and slabs, as well as for reducing their water permeability or water absorption capacity, as well as for increasing their fire resistance, while preserving their ability to be permeable to air and moisture, for renovation of old buildings or for the construction of new buildings.

U stanju tehnike je opisano nekoliko vrsta termoizolacionih materijala i lakih betona. Među termoizolacionim materijalima uobičajene su ploče ili table od staklene vune, kamene vune ili bazaltne vune, te čvrste polistirenske table, a od lakih betona takođe su poznati perlitni beton ili malter, respektivno, kao i laki beton koji sadrži polistirenske kuglice, sa zapreminskom gustinom koja generalno iznosi više od 500 kg/m<3>. Nismo mogli naći laki beton koji je vodootporan i propusan za vazduh, koji je napravljen od polistirenskih kuglica (ili nekog drugog izolacionog materijala) i ne sadrži ništa drugo osim veziva. Several types of thermal insulation materials and lightweight concrete are described in the state of the art. Among the heat-insulating materials, glass wool, stone wool or basalt wool boards or boards are common, and solid polystyrene boards, and light concrete is also known as perlite concrete or mortar, respectively, as well as light concrete containing polystyrene balls, with a volume density that is generally more than 500 kg/m<3>. We could not find lightweight concrete that is waterproof and breathable, that is made of polystyrene balls (or some other insulating material) and contains nothing but a binder.

Nedostatak termoizolacionih materijala koji su do sada upotrebljavani je taj što svi oni imaju izvesne nedostatke u pogledu željenih svojstava, kao što su npr.: rešenja ploča ili tabli baziranih na staklenoj vuni, kamenoj vuni ili bazaltnoj vuni nisu vodoodbojna, zbog čega se u njima može kondenzovati vlaga, što pogoršava njihova termoizolaciona svojstva, a pored toga one nisu vatrootporne i osetljive su na glodare i insekte. Polistirenske ploče nisu propusne za vazduh, tako da se iza njih može kondenzovati vlaga, što pogoršava njihova termoizolaciona svojstva, a one nisu ni vatrootporne. Laki betoni, perlitni malteri sa nisu vodoodbojni, a njihova zapreminska gustina je velika, što rezultuje sa veoma lošim termoizolacionim svojstvima. The disadvantage of the thermal insulation materials that have been used so far is that they all have certain disadvantages in terms of the desired properties, such as, for example: solutions of panels or boards based on glass wool, stone wool or basalt wool are not water-repellent, which is why moisture can condense in them, which worsens their thermal insulation properties, and in addition, they are not fire-resistant and are sensitive to rodents and insects. Polystyrene sheets are not permeable to air, so moisture can condense behind them, which worsens their thermal insulation properties, and they are not fireproof either. Light concrete, perlite mortars are not water-repellent, and their volume density is high, which results in very poor thermal insulation properties.

Zapreminska gustina lakih betona koji sadrže polistirenske kuglice je takođe veća, a pošto oni sadrže različite materijale, koji su teži od polistirenskih kuglica, oni često nisu vodoodbojni. The bulk density of lightweight concrete containing polystyrene beads is also higher, and since they contain different materials, which are heavier than polystyrene beads, they are often not water-repellent.

U patentnom dokumentu GB 1333487 je opisan postupak za dobijanje građevinskih elemenata od lakog betona. Građevinski elementi od lakog betona se dobijaju od očvrsle smeše cementa, vode i vinil lateksa, čija smeša je homogenizovana sa ekspandovanim polistirenom koji je prethodno tretiran sa vodenom disperzijom epoksi lepka, očvršćivačem i organskim rastvaračem. Navedeni vinili predstavljaju acetat koji može biti kopolimerizovan sa estrima akrilne ili metakrilne kiseline i kopolimere stirena sa takvim estrima akrilne kiseline. Upotrebljavaju se portland i aluminijumski cementi, a ekspandovani polistiren ima maksimalnu veličinu od 3 mm. Poliamini su očvršćivači, dok su surfaktanti, npr. sulfonati i Et20 kondenzati sa fenolima opcioni. U toku izvođenja postupka opisanog u ovom dokumentu polistirenske čestice se prethodno tretiraju, a zapreminska gustina izrađenih građevinskih elemenata od lakog betona je 200-800 kg/m<3>. The patent document GB 1333487 describes the procedure for obtaining building elements from lightweight concrete. Building elements made of lightweight concrete are obtained from a hardened mixture of cement, water and vinyl latex, which mixture is homogenized with expanded polystyrene that has been previously treated with an aqueous dispersion of epoxy glue, a hardener and an organic solvent. The mentioned vinyls represent acetate that can be copolymerized with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid and copolymers of styrene with such esters of acrylic acid. Portland and aluminum cements are used, and expanded polystyrene has a maximum size of 3 mm. Polyamines are hardeners, while surfactants, e.g. sulfonates and Et20 condensates with phenols optional. During the execution of the procedure described in this document, the polystyrene particles are pre-treated, and the volume density of the light concrete construction elements is 200-800 kg/m<3>.

U patentnom dokumentu GB 1291941 je opisan izolacioni laki celularni beton, koji kao agregat sadrži multicelularne staklene nodule u celularnoj cementnoj matrici. Spoljašnji kontinualni omotač nodula može imati različitu kompoziciju od jezgra. Agensi za uvlačenje vazduha su lignosulfonati, koren sladića, odn. slatki koren, Vinsol i Darex (oba su komercijalni nazivi). Hidroksilovani COOH derivati smanjuju potrebu za vodom pri preradi. Građevinski elementi koji se prave od napred navedenog nisu propusni za vazduh, niti su fleksibilni. In the patent document GB 1291941, insulating lightweight cellular concrete is described, which as an aggregate contains multicellular glass nodules in a cellular cement matrix. The outer continuous shell of the nodule may have a different composition than the core. Air entrainment agents are lignosulfonates, licorice root, or licorice, Winsol and Darex (both are trade names). Hydroxylated COOH derivatives reduce the need for water during processing. Building elements made from the above are not air permeable, nor are they flexible.

U patentnom dokumentu HU 203 507 podnetom pod brojem P 85 02259 opisan je laki beton za termoizolacioni sloj, koji sadrži smešu vode, natrijumovog stakla, cementa i izolacionog materijala u granulama. Laki beton koji je opisan u ovom dokumentu sadrži smešu od 160-240 I vode kvaliteta pijaće vode, 5-20 kg natrijumovog stakla tehničkog kvaliteta, 30-180 kg cementa, 40-170 kg letećeg pepela, 1 m<3>polistirenske pene u granulama prečnika od 2-20 mm, a njegova gustina u suvom stanju je od 200-400 kg/m<3.>Laki beton koji je opisan u ovom dokumentu nije propusan za vazduh. In the patent document HU 203 507 filed under the number P 85 02259, a lightweight concrete for a thermal insulation layer is described, which contains a mixture of water, sodium glass, cement and insulating material in granules. The lightweight concrete described in this document contains a mixture of 160-240 liters of water of drinking water quality, 5-20 kg of sodium glass of technical quality, 30-180 kg of cement, 40-170 kg of fly ash, 1 m of polystyrene foam in granules with a diameter of 2-20 mm, and its dry density is 200-400 kg/m<3.> The lightweight concrete described in this document is not permeable to air.

U patentnom dokumentu HU 174 868 je opisan postupak za dobijanje lakog betona sa aditivom. Uz pomoć opisanog postupka može se dobiti homogeni laki beton sa efektivnom gustinom od 200-800 kg/m<3>od aditiva polistirenske pene u granulama i/ili penastog stakla sa cementom kao vezivnim materijalom i sa aluminijum hidrosilikatom. Laki beton koji je dobijen pomoću pomenutog postupka može se upotrebiti za termoizolacione namene u prefabrikovanom ili monolitnom stanju. Prednost ovog postupka je što se polistirenska pena u granulama i/ili penasto staklo mogu umešati u cement i vezivni materijal bez površinske aktivacije i dejstva pritiska. Osnova za dobijanje lakog betona koji je opisan u ovom dokumentu je proizvodnja tiksotropnog vezivnog materijala u obliku paste. Patent document HU 174 868 describes the procedure for obtaining lightweight concrete with an additive. With the help of the described procedure, homogeneous lightweight concrete with an effective density of 200-800 kg/m<3> can be obtained from additives of polystyrene foam in granules and/or foam glass with cement as a binding material and with aluminum hydrosilicate. The lightweight concrete obtained by the aforementioned procedure can be used for thermal insulation purposes in a prefabricated or monolithic state. The advantage of this procedure is that polystyrene foam in granules and/or foam glass can be mixed into cement and binding material without surface activation and pressure effect. The basis for obtaining the lightweight concrete described in this document is the production of thixotropic binder material in the form of a paste.

U patentnom dokumentu HU 162 516 je opisan postupak za dobijanje šljunka koji se sastoji od srednjeg sloja i cementa, i za dobijanje lakog betona koji vezuje i liofobne, i liofilne materijale od poroznih termoplastičnih granula, a prvenstveno od ekspandovanih polistirenskih kuglica. U toku izvođenja postupka porozne termoplastične granule se mešaju sa 5-20 zapr.%, a prvenstveno sa 10 zapr. % vodene disperzije računato u odnosu na njihovu zapreminu, koja sadrži maksimalno 5% površinski aktivnog materijala i 0,5-5% poliakrilatnog ili etilen-vinil-acetatnog kopolimera. U toku postupka dobijanja šljunka plastične granule se oblažu sa vodenom disperzijom srednjeg materijala, a rezultujući materijal u granulama se homogenizuje sa cementom. Ovaj šljunak se može upotrebiti za dobijanje lakih betona, u količini od 6-30 kg/m<3>. Laki betoni koji su dobijeni sa gore navedenim tipom šljunka imaju odličnu fleksibilnost i stabilnost. U toku izvođenja postupka koji je opisan u ovom dokumentu polistirenske kuglice se prethodno tretiraju, a zapreminska gustina rezultujućeg lakog betona je 200-700 kg/m<3>. The patent document HU 162 516 describes the procedure for obtaining gravel consisting of a middle layer and cement, and for obtaining lightweight concrete that binds both lyophobic and lyophilic materials from porous thermoplastic granules, primarily from expanded polystyrene balls. During the execution of the procedure, porous thermoplastic granules are mixed with 5-20% by volume, and primarily with 10% by volume. % of aqueous dispersion calculated in relation to their volume, which contains a maximum of 5% surface-active material and 0.5-5% polyacrylate or ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer. During the gravel production process, plastic granules are coated with an aqueous dispersion of intermediate material, and the resulting material in the granules is homogenized with cement. This gravel can be used to obtain lightweight concrete, in the amount of 6-30 kg/m<3>. Lightweight concretes obtained with the above type of gravel have excellent flexibility and stability. During the execution of the procedure described in this document, the polystyrene balls are pre-treated, and the volume density of the resulting lightweight concrete is 200-700 kg/m<3>.

U patentnom dokumentu KR100788746 je opisana kompozicija maltera za međuspratnu zvučnu izolaciju, kojom se eliminiše potreba za korakom dodavanja posebnog sloja za zvučnu izolaciju na betonsku ploču i ostvaruje odlična čvrstoća pri pritisku i utiče na efekat zvučne izolacije. Kompozicija maltera za međuspratnu zvučnu izolaciju sadrži: 100 težinskih delova portland cementa; 10-30 težinskih delova stiren-butadijen sintetičkog gumenog lateksa koji sadrži mešani surfaktant koji sadrži anjonski surfaktant i nejonski surfaktant u odnosima 1:9-0:1;20-400 težinskih delova praha otpadnih guma; i 50-100 težinskih delova peska, pri čemu se upotrebljava 5-40 tež.% mešanog surfaktanta na 100 tež.% sadržaja čvrste materije stiren-butadijen sintetičkog gumenog lateksa. Patent document KR100788746 describes the composition of the mortar for inter-floor sound insulation, which eliminates the need for the step of adding a separate layer for sound insulation to the concrete slab and achieves excellent compressive strength and affects the effect of sound insulation. The composition of the mortar for inter-floor sound insulation contains: 100 parts by weight of Portland cement; 10-30 parts by weight of styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber latex containing mixed surfactant containing anionic surfactant and non-ionic surfactant in ratios of 1:9-0:1; 20-400 parts by weight of waste tire powder; and 50-100 parts by weight of sand, using 5-40 wt.% mixed surfactant per 100 wt.% solids content of the styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber latex.

U patentnom dokumentu KR100521694 je opisana kompozicija za termoizolaciju, apsorpciju zvuka i sprečavanje zvučnog udara upotrebom polistirenskih otpadnih materijala koji sadrže samlevene čestice, sintetički zeolit, neorganski usporavač gorenja, sintetičke vlaknaste otpadne materijale, rastvorljivo vezivo, celulozni masni adheziv i neorganski pigment. Patent document KR100521694 describes a composition for thermal insulation, sound absorption and prevention of sound shock using polystyrene waste materials containing ground particles, synthetic zeolite, inorganic flame retardant, synthetic fibrous waste materials, soluble binder, cellulose fat adhesive and inorganic pigment.

U patentnom dokumentu US5482550 je opisan strukturni građevinski element koji je napravljen od očvrsle smeše koja se u suštini sastoji od oko 30 tež. % do oko 75 tež. % portland cementa, oko 1 tež. % do oko 25 tež. % samlevenog ekspandovanog celularnog polistirena, oko 1 tež. % do oko 35 tež. % samlevenih celuloznih vlakana, oko 2 tež. % do oko 15 tež. % letećeg pepela, oko 1 tež. % do oko 10 tež. % silikatne prašine, oko 1 tež. % do oko 15 tež. % bentonita, oko 25 tež. % do oko 50 tež. % vode, oko 0 tež. % do oko 3 tež. % agensa za uvlačenje vazduha, oko 0 tež. % do oko 10 tež. % emulzije parafinskog voska i oko 0 tež. % do oko 15 tež. % emulzije gume. Patent document US5482550 describes a structural building element which is made of a hardened mixture consisting essentially of about 30 wt. % to about 75 wt. % Portland cement, about 1 wt. % to about 25 wt. % ground expanded cellular polystyrene, about 1 wt. % up to about 35 wt. % ground cellulose fibers, about 2 wt. % to about 15 wt. % fly ash, about 1 wt. % to about 10 wt. % silicate dust, about 1 wt. % to about 15 wt. % bentonite, about 25 wt. % to about 50 wt. % water, about 0 wt. % to about 3 wt. % air entraining agent, about 0 wt. % to about 10 wt. % paraffin wax emulsion and about 0 wt. % to about 15 wt. % rubber emulsion.

U patentnom dokumentu US3869295 je opisan uniformni laki beton i malter. Oni se dobijaju novim postupkom koji obezbeđuje da agregat bude ravnomerno pomešan sa cementnim materijalom i drugim relativno teškim sastojcima smeše za beton i gips. Ovo je ostvareno vlaženjem površina čestica lakog agregata sa vodenim medijumom, mešanjem čestica mokrog agregata sa suvim fino prosejanim cementnim materijalom u obliku prevlake na njemu, a zatim dodavanjem dodatnog vodenog medijuma u količini potrebnoj da se dobije koherentna matrica neočvrslog betona ili maltera koja se može oblikovati. Matrica neočvrslog betona ili maltera se može oblikovati u željenu konfiguraciju, a onda se može ostaviti da očvrsne na uobičajeni način. Dodavanje gašenog kreča poboljšava svojstva kohezivnosti matrice neočvrslog betona. Povećana čvrstoća lakog betona može se dobiti primešavanjem pucolana, gašenog kreča i/ili fino prosejanih inertnih neorganskih punilaca, kao što je pesak, sa matricom neočvrslog betona. Poželjan je laki agregat uključujući i ekspandovane polistirenske kuglice, a dalje povećanje čvrstoće može se dobiti upotrebom polistirenskih kuglica ekspandovanih u vreloj vodi. Patent document US3869295 describes a uniform lightweight concrete and mortar. They are obtained by a new process that ensures that the aggregate is evenly mixed with the cementitious material and other relatively heavy ingredients of the concrete and plaster mix. This is accomplished by wetting the surfaces of the light aggregate particles with an aqueous medium, mixing the wet aggregate particles with dry, finely sieved cementitious material in the form of a coating on it, and then adding additional aqueous medium in the amount necessary to produce a coherent matrix of unhardened concrete or moldable mortar. A matrix of uncured concrete or mortar can be formed into the desired configuration and then allowed to cure in the usual way. The addition of slaked lime improves the cohesive properties of the unhardened concrete matrix. Increased strength of lightweight concrete can be obtained by admixing pozzolan, slaked lime and/or finely sieved inert inorganic fillers, such as sand, with the unhardened concrete matrix. A lightweight aggregate including expanded polystyrene beads is preferred, and further strength gains can be obtained by using hot water expanded polystyrene beads.

Sve u svemu, zadatak koji treba da bude rešen je izrada takvog termoizolacionog materijala, koji je veoma lak, ali je istovremeno vatrootporan, vodoodbojan, propusan za vazduh i fleksibilan. Teoretski idealan način za to je da se samo zazori između polistirenskih kuglica popune sa vatrootpornim, vodoodbojnim, propusnim za vazduh i fleksibilnim vezivnim materijalom, tako da bi zbog njihovog međusobnog lepljenja rezultujući materijal bio vatrootporan, vodoodbojan, propusan za vazduh i fleksibilan, a istovremeno ostao lak. Međutim, nije moguće mešati samo polistirenske kuglice sa cementom i vodom, pošto se one frakcionišu zbog veoma velike razlike u zapreminskoj gustini. All in all, the task that needs to be solved is the production of such thermal insulation material, which is very light, but at the same time fireproof, water-repellent, air-permeable and flexible. The theoretically ideal way to do this is to fill only the gaps between the polystyrene balls with a fire-resistant, water-repellent, air-permeable and flexible bonding material, so that due to their mutual adhesion, the resulting material would be fire-resistant, water-repellent, air-permeable and flexible, while remaining lightweight. However, it is not possible to mix only polystyrene balls with cement and water, as they fractionate due to the very large difference in bulk density.

Ovaj problem je rešen, kada smo shvatili da bi kao organski vezivni materijal trebalo da se upotrebe homo-, ko- i terpolimeri koji su vodorastvorni i/ili se mogu dispergovati u vodi i koji ne sadrže, niti emituju isparljive organske ugljovodonike koji su opasni za životnu okolinu. This problem was solved when we realized that homo-, co- and terpolymers that are water-soluble and/or dispersible in water and that do not contain or emit volatile organic hydrocarbons that are dangerous for the environment should be used as organic binding material.

Predmet pronalaska je termoizolacioni, vatrootporni, vodootporni, propusan za vazduh, fleksibilni laki beton sa zapreminskom gustinom manjom od 500 kg/m<3>, koji je podjednako podesan i za toplotnu, i za zvučnu izolaciju zidova i ploča, kao i za smanjenje njihove vodopropusnosti ili sposobnosti apsorbovanja vode, kao i za povećanje njihove otpornosti na vatru, uz istovremeno očuvanje njihove sposobnosti da budu propusni za vazduh i vlagu, za renoviranje starih zgrada ili za gradnju novih zgrada, koji je karakterisan time što se može lako mešati, a njegova kompozicija je: polistirenske kuglice ili reciklirani polistiren sa veličinom čestica prečnika od 1-10 mm, voda, cement i organski vezivni materijal pomešan sa cementom: kao što su homo-, ko- i terpolimeri, koji su vodorastvorni i/ili se mogu dispergovati u vodi, kao što su vinil-hlorid, vinil estri zasićenih, nezasićenih i aromatičnih organskih kiselina, vinil-butirat, etilen, estri akrilne kiseline, stiren, alkil-izocijanati, silani, siloksalati. The subject of the invention is heat-insulating, fire-resistant, water-resistant, air-permeable, flexible lightweight concrete with a volume density of less than 500 kg/m<3>, which is equally suitable for thermal and sound insulation of walls and slabs, as well as for reducing their water permeability or water absorption capacity, as well as for increasing their fire resistance, while at the same time preserving their ability to be permeable to air and moisture, for the renovation of old buildings or for construction of new buildings, which is characterized by being easy to mix, and its composition is: polystyrene balls or recycled polystyrene with a particle size of 1-10 mm in diameter, water, cement and organic binding material mixed with cement: such as homo-, co- and terpolymers, which are water-soluble and/or can be dispersed in water, such as vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyrate, ethylene, acrylic esters acids, styrene, alkyl isocyanates, silanes, siloxalates.

U jednom poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska se radi lakše prerade dodaju dodatni organski aditivi, kao što su polivinil-alkoholi, etri celuloze i drugi zaštitni koloidi, blokatori sedimentacije, plastifikatori. In one preferred embodiment of the invention, additional organic additives are added for easier processing, such as polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska cement se meša ili zamenjuje sa gipsom. In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, cement is mixed or replaced with gypsum.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska polistirenske kuglice se mešaju ili zamenjuju sa materijalom, koji ima malu zapreminsku gustinu, (maks. 400 kg/m<3>), sastoji od granula i vodoodbojan je. In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, the polystyrene balls are mixed or replaced with a material that has a low bulk density (max. 400 kg/m<3>), consists of granules and is water-repellent.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska materijali koji se upotrebljavaju kao aditivi su sledeći: kao organski vezivni materijal može se upotrebiti bilo koji homo-, ko- i terpolimer, koji je vodorastvoran i/ili se može dispergovati u vodi, u datom slučaju se dobija upotrebom vinil-hlorida, vinil estara zasićenih-, nezasićenih i aromatičnih organskih kiselina, vinil-butirata, etilena, estara akrilne kiseline, alkil-izocijanata, silana, siloksalata, In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, the materials used as additives are as follows: any homo-, co- and terpolymer, which is water-soluble and/or dispersible in water, can be used as an organic binding material, in this case it is obtained by using vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyrate, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, alkyl isocyanates, silanes, siloxalates,

i/ili and/or

dodatni organski aditivi mogu biti polivinil-alkoholi, etri celuloze i drugi zaštitni koloidi, blokatori sedimentacije, plastifikatori, additional organic additives can be polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers,

i/ili and/or

mineralni aditivi od mlevenog kamena, u datom slučaju se mogu upotrebiti krečnjak, dolomit, pigmenti, u datom slučaju gvožđe-oksid, titanijum-oksid itd., perlit, liskun, itd. mineral additives from ground stone, in a given case limestone, dolomite, pigments, in a given case iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc., perlite, mica, etc. can be used.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska materijali koji se koriste kao punioci su sledeći: In the following preferred embodiment of the invention, the materials used as fillers are as follows:

- polistirenske kuglice: njihova gustina je između 20-30 kg/m<3>, njihova veličina je 0-20 mm, - polystyrene balls: their density is between 20-30 kg/m<3>, their size is 0-20 mm,

i/ili and/or

- plastika: reciklirana samlevena plastika, samlevena guma, u datom slučaju od automobilskih guma, - plastic: recycled ground plastic, ground rubber, in this case from car tires,

i/ili and/or

- biljna vlakna, organski materijali, u datom slučaju drveni otpad, samleveno drvo, osušeni drveni otpad, stabljike, lika, iglice četinara, papir, - plant fibers, organic materials, in this case wood waste, ground wood, dried wood waste, stems, leaves, conifer needles, paper,

i/ili and/or

- metali, samleveni metalni otpad, u datom slučaju usitnjeni komunalni metalni otpad, samleven do odgovarajuće veličine, - metals, ground metal waste, in this case shredded municipal metal waste, ground to the appropriate size,

i/ili and/or

- građevinski otpad, u datom slučaju staklo, samleveni beton, samleveni asfalt itd. - construction waste, in this case glass, ground concrete, ground asphalt, etc.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska veličina čestica punilaca je između 0-20 mm, a punioci sa različitom veličinom čestica prvenstveno se koriste u frakcijama tako da materijali spadaju u isti opseg veličina, ili se u datom slučaju ne upotrebljavaju u frakcijama. In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, the particle size of the fillers is between 0-20 mm, and fillers with different particle sizes are primarily used in fractions so that the materials fall within the same size range, or in a given case are not used in fractions.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska pri dobijanju termoizolacionog materijala komponente se mešaju tradicionalnom tehnologijom, u datom slučaju sa mešalicom, po sledećem redosledu, prvo se doprema voda, a onda joj se dodaje cement, posle čega se stavlja aditiv, pa se od ove tri komponente meša materijal tako da dobije konzistenciju razređene pavlake, te se na kraju komponenti koja se kontinualno meša dodaje punilac, a onda se celokupna kompozicija materijala meša do homogenog stanja, pa se na ovaj način dobijena kompozicija upotrebljava za predviđenu namenu. In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, when obtaining the thermal insulation material, the components are mixed using traditional technology, in this case with a mixer, in the following order, water is first supplied, and then cement is added to it, after which an additive is added, and the material is mixed from these three components so that it obtains the consistency of thinned cream, and at the end of the component that is continuously mixed, a filler is added, and then the entire composition of the material is mixed to a homogeneous state, so the composition obtained in this way is used for intended purpose.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska termoizolacioni materijal se upotrebljava za podove, rubove, betonske elemente za puteve, osnovne građevinske konstrukcije, građevinske elemente i/ili u monolitnim betonskim strukturama koje se izrađuju na licu mesta, u datom slučaju to su termoizolacioni malter, termoizolacione ploče, trajni pregradni zid, zidni element, opeka, prefabrikovani građevinski elementi, izolacija za toplo-, gaso-, nafto- i vodovode. In the next preferred embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation material is used for floors, edges, concrete elements for roads, basic building structures, building elements and/or in monolithic concrete structures that are made on site, in this case they are thermal insulation mortar, thermal insulation boards, permanent partition wall, wall element, brick, prefabricated building elements, insulation for heating, gas, oil and water pipes.

U sledećem poželjnom primeru izvođenja pronalaska u slučaju kada je zapreminska gustina materijala punioca veća od 100 - 200 kg/m<3>, onda se on upotrebljava kao građevinski materijal umesto betona, ili se od njega izrađuju elementi, opeke. In the next preferred example of carrying out the invention in the case when the volume density of the filler material is greater than 100 - 200 kg/m<3>, then it is used as a building material instead of concrete, or elements, bricks are made from it.

U slučaju najopštije realizacije rešenja prema pronalasku, pronalazak predstavlja termoizolacioni, vatrootporni, vodootporni, propusan za vazduh, fleksibilni laki beton sa zapreminskom gustinom manjom od 500 kg/m<3>, koji je podjednako podesan i za toplotnu, i za zvučnu izolaciju zidova i ploča, kao i za smanjenje njihove vodopropusnosti ili sposobnosti apsorbovanja vode, kao i za povećanje njihove otpornosti na vatru, uz istovremeno očuvanje njihove sposobnosti da budu propusni za vazduh i vlagu, za renoviranje starih zgrada ili za gradnju novih zgrada. Njegove komponente su materijali koji su poznati kao takvi: polistirenske kuglice sa prečnikom od 1-10 mm, hidraulični neorganski vezivni materijal, organski (polimerni) vezivni materijal, mineralni i organski aditivi, voda. Moguće je ostvariti optimalna svojstva izborom njihovih tipova i udela. In the case of the most general implementation of the solution according to the invention, the invention represents a heat-insulating, fire-resistant, water-resistant, air-permeable, flexible lightweight concrete with a volume density of less than 500 kg/m<3>, which is equally suitable for thermal and sound insulation of walls and slabs, as well as for reducing their water permeability or water absorption capacity, as well as for increasing their fire resistance, while simultaneously preserving their ability to be air-permeable and moisture, for the renovation of old buildings or for the construction of new buildings. Its components are materials that are known as such: polystyrene balls with a diameter of 1-10 mm, hydraulic inorganic binding material, organic (polymeric) binding material, mineral and organic additives, water. It is possible to achieve optimal properties by choosing their types and proportions.

Otpad od dezintegrisanog upotrebljenog ambalažnog materijala sa odgovarajućom veličinom može se prvenstveno upotrebljavati kao polistirenske kuglice, pri čemu recikliranje otpada takođe rezultuje rešavanjem značajnog problema zaštite životne okoline. Waste from disintegrated used packaging material with the appropriate size can primarily be used as polystyrene balls, whereby recycling waste also results in solving a significant problem of environmental protection.

Kao hidraulični vezivni materijal podesan je bilo koji tip cementa, gipsa ili anhidrita, koji se bira na osnovu svoje čvrstoće, vremena vezivanja itd. Any type of cement, gypsum or anhydrite is suitable as a hydraulic binding material, which is chosen based on its strength, setting time, etc.

Kao organski vezivni materijal može se upotrebiti bilo koji homo-, ko- i terpolimer, koji je vodorastvoran i/ili se može dispergovati u vodi, koji ne sadrži i ne emituje isparljive organske ugljovodonike koji su opasni za životnu okolinu. Takvi materijali su široko poznati: oni se prave uz upotrebu vinil-hlorida, vinil estara zasićenih, nezasićenih i aromatičnih organskih kiselina, vinil-butirala, etilena, estara akrilne kiseline, stirena, alkil-izocijanata, silana, siloksalata. Njihova zajednička karakteristika je da čak i u maloj količini omogućavaju mešanje polistirena i hidrauličnog vezivnog materijala, čime se dobija proizvod odlične čvrstoće, prionljivosti i vodoodbojnosti. Any homo-, co- and terpolymer, which is water-soluble and/or can be dispersed in water, which does not contain and does not emit volatile organic hydrocarbons that are dangerous for the environment, can be used as an organic binding material. Such materials are widely known: they are made using vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyral, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, styrene, alkyl isocyanates, silanes, siloxalates. Their common feature is that, even in a small amount, they allow the mixing of polystyrene and hydraulic binder material, which results in a product with excellent strength, adhesion and water repellency.

Dodatni organski aditivi mogu biti polivinil-alkoholi, etri celuloze i drugi zaštitni koloidi, blokatori sedimentacije, plastifikatori, koji olakšavaju proces proizvodnje. Kao mineralni aditivi se mogu upotrebiti mleveni kamen (krečnjak, dolomit), pigmenti ( gvožđe-oksid, titanijum-oksid itd.), perlit, liskun, itd., ukoliko je potrebno. Voda treba da bude bez kontaminanata, a prvenstveno je pijaća voda, vodovodska voda. Additional organic additives can be polyvinyl-alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers, which facilitate the production process. Ground stone (limestone, dolomite), pigments (iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc.), perlite, mica, etc., can be used as mineral additives, if necessary. Water should be free of contaminants, primarily drinking water, tap water.

Termoizolacioni materijal koji se dobija na ovaj način je veoma lak posle očvršćavanja, u zavisnosti od količine organskog vezivnog materijala i cementa, to može biti 100 kg/m<3>, tako da ima odličan termoizolacioni kapacitet. The thermal insulation material obtained in this way is very light after curing, depending on the amount of organic binding material and cement, it can be 100 kg/m<3>, so it has an excellent thermal insulation capacity.

Pronalazak će biti objašnjen na osnovu sledećih primera: The invention will be explained on the basis of the following examples:

Primer 1 Example 1

Pronalazak se može realizovati jednostavnim mešanjem sledećih materijala: 1 m<3>polistirenskih kuglica sa veličinom čestica od 1-10 mm ili recikliranog polistirena sa veličinom čestica od 1-10 mm, 100 I vode, 80 kg cementa i 10 kg organskog (polimernog) vezivnog materijala, koji je pomešan sa cementom. Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od 100 - 120 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. Količina dodatog cementa određuje efektivnu zapreminsku gustinu gotovog materijala, jer je masa svih drugih materijala zajedno samo 20 kg/m<3>. The invention can be realized by simply mixing the following materials: 1 m of polystyrene balls with a particle size of 1-10 mm or recycled polystyrene with a particle size of 1-10 mm, 100 l of water, 80 kg of cement and 10 kg of organic (polymeric) binding material, which is mixed with cement. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of 100 - 120 kg/m<3> after drying. The amount of added cement determines the effective volume density of the finished material, because the mass of all other materials combined is only 20 kg/m<3>.

Primer 2 Example 2

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 100 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 100 kg/m<3> after drying.

Primer 3 Example 3

Primer 4 Example 4

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 200 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. Primer 5 The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 200 kg/m<3> after drying. Example 5

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 200 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 200 kg/m<3> after drying.

Primer 6 Example 6

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 300 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 300 kg/m<3> after drying.

Primer 7 Example 7

Primer 8 Example 8

Primer 9 Example 9

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 400 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 400 kg/m<3> after drying.

Primer 10 Example 10

Primer 11 Example 11

Primer 12 Example 12

Ovako pripremljen materijal će imati zapreminsku gustinu od oko 500 kg/m<3>posle sušenja. The material prepared in this way will have a volume density of about 500 kg/m<3> after drying.

Primer 13 Example 13

Primer 14 Example 14

Tokom pripremanja lakog betona prema pronalasku, u slučaju kada se upotrebi više cementa, onda će pripremljeni materijal biti teži, tako da će imati lošiji termoizolacioni kapacitet i veću čvrstoću pri pritisku, ali udeo organskog vezivnog materijala se može promeniti suprotno od udela cementa, tako da se može smanjiti kada se poveća udeo cementa. Zahvaljujući promeni udela mogu se dobiti termoizolacioni materijali koji zadovoljavaju različite zahteve. Pripremljeni materijal se može premazivati, pumpati, izlivati; od njega se mogu praviti ploče, blokovi ili zidovi sa ispunom, a sa zapreminskom gustinom iznad 300 kg/m<3>on se može takođe malterisati. During the preparation of lightweight concrete according to the invention, in the case when more cement is used, then the prepared material will be heavier, so it will have a worse thermal insulation capacity and a higher compressive strength, but the proportion of organic binding material can change opposite to the proportion of cement, so it can be reduced when the proportion of cement increases. Thanks to the change of proportions, thermal insulation materials can be obtained that meet different requirements. The prepared material can be coated, pumped, poured; it can be made into slabs, blocks or walls with filling, and with a volume density above 300 kg/m<3> it can also be plastered.

Pronalazak se prvenstveno može realizovati mešanjem cementa sa gipsom ili upotrebom gipsa umesto cementa. The invention can primarily be realized by mixing cement with gypsum or by using gypsum instead of cement.

Pronalazak se isto tako prvenstveno može realizovati mešanjem ili zamenom polistirenskih kuglica sa materijalom koji se sastoji od granula i koji je vodoodbojan i ima malu zapreminsku gustinu (maks. 400 kg/m<3>). The invention can also primarily be realized by mixing or replacing polystyrene balls with a material consisting of granules that is water-repellent and has a low bulk density (max. 400 kg/m<3>).

Termoizolacioni, vatrootporni, vodootporni, propusan za vazduh, fleksibilni laki beton sa zapreminskom gustinom manjom od 500 kg/m<3>, koji je napravljen sa polistirenskim kuglicama prema pronalasku je podjednako podesan i za toplotnu, i za zvučnu izolaciju zidova i ploča, kao i za smanjenje njihove vodopropusnosti ili sposobnosti apsorbovanja vode, kao i za povećanje njihove otpornosti na vatru, uz istovremeno očuvanje njihove sposobnosti da budu propusni za vazduh i vlagu, za renoviranje starih zgrada ili za gradnju novih zgrada. Njegova kompozicija je: polistirenske kuglice ili reciklirani polistiren sa veličinom čestica prečnika od 1-10 mm, voda, cement i organski (polimerni) vezivni materijal koji je pomešan sa cementom: kao što su homo-, ko- i terpolimeri, koji su vodorastvorni i/ili se mogu dispergovati u vodi. Zahvaljujući upotrebi organskog (polimernog) vezivnog materijala, polistirenske kuglice se mogu lako mešati sa neorganskim vezivnim materijalom i vodom. Heat-insulating, fire-resistant, waterproof, air-permeable, flexible lightweight concrete with a bulk density of less than 500 kg/m<3>, which is made with polystyrene balls according to the invention is equally suitable for thermal and sound insulation of walls and slabs, as well as for reducing their water permeability or water absorption capacity, as well as for increasing their fire resistance, while preserving their ability to be permeable to air and moisture, for renovation of old buildings or for the construction of new buildings. Its composition is: polystyrene balls or recycled polystyrene with a particle size of 1-10 mm in diameter, water, cement and organic (polymeric) binding material mixed with cement: such as homo-, co- and terpolymers, which are water-soluble and/or can be dispersed in water. Thanks to the use of organic (polymeric) binding material, polystyrene balls can be easily mixed with inorganic binding material and water.

U slučaju poželjne specifične realizacije lakog betona prema pronalasku mogu se upotrebiti sledeći materijali: In the case of a desired specific realization of lightweight concrete according to the invention, the following materials can be used:

Kompozicija materijala: Material composition:

Laki beton prema pronalasku se sastoji od četiri osnovne komponente, a to su sledeće: voda, cement, aditiv, punilac. Lightweight concrete according to the invention consists of four basic components, namely: water, cement, additive, filler.

Materijali koji se upotrebljavaju kao aditiv su sledeći: The materials used as additives are the following:

Svi homo-, ko- i terpolimeri koji su vodorastvorni i/ili se mogu dispergovati u vodi i koji ne sadrže i ne emituju isparljive organske ugljovodonike koji su opasni po životnu okolinu trebali bi da se upotrebljavaju kao organski vezivni materijal. Takvi materijali su široko poznati: oni se dobijaju uz upotrebu vinil-hlorida, vinil estara zasićenih, nezasićenih i aromatičnih organskih kiselina, vinil-butirata, etilena, estara akrilne kiseline, stirena, alkil-izocijanata, silana, siloksalata. Njihova zajednička osobina je da čak i u maloj količini omogućavaju mešanje polistirena i hidrauličnog vezivnog materijala, kao i odličnu adheziju, čvrstoću i vodonepropusnost proizvoda. All homo-, co- and terpolymers that are water-soluble and/or water-dispersible and that do not contain and do not emit volatile organic hydrocarbons that are hazardous to the environment should be used as organic binders. Such materials are widely known: they are obtained with the use of vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyrate, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, styrene, alkyl isocyanates, silanes, siloxalates. Their common feature is that, even in small quantities, they enable the mixing of polystyrene and hydraulic binder material, as well as excellent adhesion, strength and waterproofing of the product.

Naredni organski aditivi mogu biti sledeći: polivinil alkoholi, etri celuloze i drugi zaštitni koloidi, blokatori sedimentacije, plastifikatori, koji olakšavaju preradu. Kao mineralni aditivi se mogu upotrebiti mleveni kamen (krečnjak, dolomit), pigmenti (gvožđe-oksid, titanijum-oksid itd.), perlit, liskun, itd., ukoliko je potrebno. Voda treba da bude bez kontaminanata, a prvenstveno je pijaća voda, vodovodska voda. Further organic additives can be the following: polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers, which facilitate processing. Ground stone (limestone, dolomite), pigments (iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc.), perlite, mica, etc., can be used as mineral additives, if necessary. Water should be free of contaminants, primarily drinking water, tap water.

U beton se kao punilac umesto šljunka mogu staviti svi materijali, a to su prvenstveno sledeći: - polistirenske kuglice: njihova gustina je između 20-30 kg/m<3>, a njihova veličina je od 0-20 mm. - plastika: reciklirana samlevena plastika (nezavisno od vrste njenog materijala, to može biti plastični okvir od bilo čega), plastični predmeti (polirani branik, auto delovi: plastika kao opasan otpad, koji se izdvaja kada se automobili podvrgavaju dezintegraciji), plastični predmeti koji se obično kvalifikuju kao opasan otpad, samlevena ili koja kao takva ne spada u opasne otpade. Oni se mogu reciklirati u takvom obliku, na primer: gume i praktično sve vrste čvrste plastike u samlevenom obliku. - biljna vlakna, organski materijali: drvni otpad, samleveno drvo, osušeni drvni otpad, stabljike, lika, iglice četinara, papir. - metali, samleveni metalni otpad: svi komunalni metalni otpadi mogu se posle drobljenja, samleti do željene veličine. All materials can be used as a filler instead of gravel in concrete, and these are primarily the following: - polystyrene balls: their density is between 20-30 kg/m<3>, and their size is 0-20 mm. - plastic: recycled ground plastic (regardless of the type of its material, it can be a plastic frame made of anything), plastic objects (polished bumper, car parts: plastic as hazardous waste, which is separated when cars are subjected to disintegration), plastic objects that usually qualify as hazardous waste, ground or which as such does not belong to hazardous waste. They can be recycled in such form, for example: tires and practically all types of solid plastics in ground form. - plant fibers, organic materials: wood waste, ground wood, dried wood waste, stems, leaves, conifer needles, paper. - metals, ground metal waste: after crushing, all municipal metal waste can be ground to the desired size.

- drugi punioci: građevinski otpad, staklo, samleveni beton, samleveni asfalt itd. - other fillers: construction waste, glass, ground concrete, ground asphalt, etc.

U slučaju da je zapreminska gustina materijala punioca veća od 100 - 200 kg/m<3>, onda on nije podesan za termoizolaciju, ali je odličan kao građevinski materijal, koji se može upotrebljavati umesto betona, ili se od njega mogu praviti elementi (opeke). If the volume density of the filler material is greater than 100 - 200 kg/m<3>, then it is not suitable for thermal insulation, but it is excellent as a building material, which can be used instead of concrete, or elements (bricks) can be made from it.

Veličine, odnosi Sizes, ratios

Veličina materijala punioca je između 0-20 mm (teško je mešati prah sa šljunkom, tako da se prah može upotrebljavati samo u izvesnim slučajevima). The size of the filler material is between 0-20 mm (it is difficult to mix powder with gravel, so powder can only be used in certain cases).

Prvenstveno se upotrebljavaju sirovi materijali u vidu frakcija: oni moraju spadati u isti opseg veličine. Oni se takođe mogu koristiti i bez frakcija. Raw materials are primarily used in the form of fractions: they must fall within the same size range. They can also be used without fractions.

Uslovi proizvodnje, tehnologija: Production conditions, technology:

Mešanje se vrši tradicionalnom tehnologijom. Redosled dodavanja materijala je sledeći: 1.: voda, 2.: cement, 3.: aditiv (izabran između gore opisanih materijala), pa se onda od ove tri komponente, meša materijal sve dok ne dobije konzistenciju razređene pavlake i 4.: punilac. Mešanje se vrši do dostizanja homogenog stanja, pa se onda upotrebljava za predviđenu namenu. Mixing is done using traditional technology. The order of adding the materials is as follows: 1.: water, 2.: cement, 3.: additive (chosen from the materials described above), and then from these three components, the material is mixed until it has the consistency of thinned cream and 4.: filler. Mixing is done until a homogeneous state is reached, and then it is used for its intended purpose.

Suština inventivnog koncepta pronalaska je da aditiv omogućava mešanje punilaca u smešu voda+cement na homogeni način. The essence of the inventive concept of the invention is that the additive enables the mixing of fillers in the water+cement mixture in a homogeneous manner.

Namene, primene, krajnji proizvodi: termoizolacioni malter, termoizolaciona ploča, trajni pregradni zid, zidni element, opeka, prefabrikovani građevinski elementi, izolacija toplo-, gaso-, nafto- ili vodovoda, podovi, rubovi, betonski elementi za puteve, osnovni građevinski elementi, građevinski elementi, monolitne betonske strukture koje se prave na licu mesta, i elementi za pregradne zidove. Purposes, applications, end products: thermal insulation mortar, thermal insulation board, permanent partition wall, wall element, brick, prefabricated building elements, heat, gas, oil or water pipe insulation, floors, edging, concrete elements for roads, basic building elements, building elements, monolithic concrete structures made on site, and elements for partition walls.

Kapacitet nošenja tereta proizvoda zavisi od jačine (čvrstoće pri pritisku) cementa i čvrstoće pri pritisku punioca. Čvrstoće pri pritisku cementa i punioca zajedno određuju čvrstoću pri sabijanju, statiku, koeficijent prenosa toplote i mogućnosti primene krajnjeg proizvoda. The load-bearing capacity of the product depends on the strength (compressive strength) of the cement and the compressive strength of the filler. The compressive strengths of cement and filler together determine the compressive strength, statics, heat transfer coefficient and applicability of the final product.

Termoizolacioni materijal proizveden na ovaj način može biti čak 100 kg/m<3>, u zavisnosti od kvantiteta vezivnih materijala. Gotov materijal se može premazivati, pumpati, izlivati; od njega se mogu praviti ploče, opeke ili zidovi sa ispunom, a sa zapreminskom gustinom većom od 300 kg/m<3>on se može malterisati. Cement se može mešati ili zameniti sa gipsom. Polistirenske kuglice se mogu mešati, ili zameniti sa materijalom koji se sastoji od granula i koji je vodoodbojan i ima malu zapreminsku gustinu (maks. 400 kg/m<3>). The thermal insulation material produced in this way can be as much as 100 kg/m<3>, depending on the quantity of binding materials. The finished material can be coated, pumped, poured; it can be used to make slabs, bricks or walls with filling, and with a bulk density of more than 300 kg/m<3> it can be plastered. Cement can be mixed or replaced with gypsum. Polystyrene balls can be mixed or replaced with a material consisting of granules that is water-repellent and has a low bulk density (max. 400 kg/m<3>).

Claims

1. Heat-insulating, fire-resistant, waterproof, air-permeable, flexible lightweight concrete with a bulk density of less than 500 kg/m<3>, which is equally suitable for thermal and sound insulation of walls and slabs, as well as for reducing their water permeability or water absorption capacity, as well as for increasing their fire resistance, while preserving their ability to be permeable to air and moisture, for the renovation of old buildings or for the construction of new ones building, indicated by which can be easily mixed, and its composition is: polystyrene balls or recycled polystyrene with a particle size of 1-10 mm in diameter, water, cement and organic binding material mixed with cement: such as homo-, co- and terpolymers, which are water-soluble and/or dispersible in water, such as vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyrate, ethylene, esters acrylic acids, styrene, alkyl isocyanates, silanes, siloxalates.

2. Thermal insulation material according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that, for easier processing, additional organic additives are added, such as polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers.

3. Thermal insulation material according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that cement is mixed or replaced with gypsum.

4. Thermal insulation material according to claim 1, indicated by the fact that the polystyrene balls are mixed or replaced with a material that has a low volume density (max. 400 kg/m<3>), consists of granules and is water-repellent.

5. Thermal insulation material according to any of the requirements 1-4, indicated by the fact that the materials used as additives are the following: any homo-, co- and terpolymer, which is water-soluble and/or can be dispersed in water, can be used as an organic binding material, in this case it is obtained by using vinyl chloride, vinyl esters of saturated, unsaturated and aromatic organic acids, vinyl butyrate, ethylene, acrylic acid esters, styrene, alkyl isocyanate, silane, siloxalate, and/or additional organic additives can be polyvinyl alcohols, cellulose ethers and other protective colloids, sedimentation blockers, plasticizers, and/or mineral additives from ground stone, in a given case limestone, dolomite, pigments can be used, in a given case iron oxide, titanium oxide, etc., perlite, mica, etc.

6. Thermal insulation material according to any of the requirements 1-5, indicated by the fact that the materials used as fillers are the following: - polystyrene balls: their density is between 20-30 kg/m<3>, their size is 0-20 mm, and/or - plastic: recycled ground plastic, ground rubber, in the given case from car tires, and/or - plant fibers, organic materials, in this case wood waste, ground wood, dried wood waste, stems, leaves, conifer needles, paper, and/or - metals, ground metal waste, in the given case shredded municipal metal waste, ground to the appropriate size, and/or - construction waste, in this case glass, ground concrete, ground asphalt, etc.

7. Thermal insulation material according to any of claims 1-6, characterized by the fact that the particle size of the fillers is between 0-20 mm, and that the fillers with different particle sizes are primarily used in fractions so that the materials fall into the same size range, or in a given case are not used in fractions.

8. Thermal insulation material according to any of the requirements 1-7, characterized by the fact that when obtaining the thermal insulation material, the components are mixed using traditional technology, in this case with a mixer, in the following order, water is first supplied, and then cement is added to it, after which an additive is added, and the material is mixed from these three components so that it gets the consistency of thinned cream, and at the end of the component that is continuously mixed, a filler is added, and then the entire composition of the material is mixed until homogeneous state, so the composition obtained in this way is used for its intended purpose.

9. Thermal insulation material according to any of the requirements 1-8, indicated by the fact that the thermal insulation material is used for floors, edges, concrete elements for roads, basic building structures, building elements and/or in monolithic concrete structures that are made on site, in this case they are thermal insulation mortar, thermal insulation boards, permanent partition wall, wall element, brick, prefabricated building elements, insulation for heat, gas, oil and water pipes.

10. Thermal insulation material according to any of the requirements 1-9, indicated by the fact that in the case when the bulk density of the filler material is greater than 100 - 200 kg/m<3>, then it is used as a building material instead of concrete, or elements, bricks are made from it.