JP7355731B2 - 脂質ナノ粒子製剤における使用のための脂質 - Google Patents
脂質ナノ粒子製剤における使用のための脂質 Download PDFInfo
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Description
を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、互変異性体、プロドラッグもしくは立体異性体が提供される。
(i)哺乳動物において、特に、このような哺乳動物がその状態に対する素因を有するが、それを有するとまだ診断されていない場合、その疾患もしくは状態が生じるのを防止すること、
(ii)疾患もしくは状態を阻害する、すなわち、その発症を抑止すること、
(iii)疾患もしくは状態を緩和する、すなわち、その疾患もしくは状態の退行を引き起こすこと、または
(iv)疾患もしくは状態に起因する症状を緩和する、すなわち、根底にある疾患もしくは状態に対処することなく疼痛を緩和すること
を含む。本明細書で使用される場合、「疾患」および「状態」という用語は、交換可能に使用してもよいし、または特定の疾病もしくは状態が公知の原因物質を有さないこともあり(そのため、病因がまだ解決されておらず)、したがって疾患としてまだ認識されていないが、望ましくない状態もしくは症候群としてのみ認識され、程度の差はあるが特定の一連の症状が臨床医により確認されているという点で異なる場合もある。
ある態様では、本発明は、オリゴヌクレオチドと共に脂質ナノ粒子を形成するために、他の脂質成分、例えば、中性脂質、荷電脂質、ステロイドおよび/またはポリマーコンジュゲート脂質などと組み合わせることが可能である新規脂質化合物を提供する。理論に制約されることを望むことなく、これらの脂質ナノ粒子は、血清中でオリゴヌクレオチドを分解から遮蔽し、in vitroおよびin vivoでのオリゴヌクレオチドの細胞への有効な送達を提供すると考えられている。
L1は、-O(C=O)R1、-(C=O)OR1、-C(=O)R1、-OR1、-S(O)xR1、-S-SR1、-C(=O)SR1、-SC(=O)R1、-NRaC(=O)R1、-C(=O)NRbRc、-NRaC(=O)NRbRc、-OC(=O)NRbRcまたは-NRaC(=O)OR1であり、
L2は、-O(C=O)R2、-(C=O)OR2、-C(=O)R2、-OR2、-S(O)xR2、-S-SR2、-C(=O)SR2、-SC(=O)R2、-NRdC(=O)R2、-C(=O)NReRf、-NRdC(=O)NReRf、-OC(=O)NReRf;-NRdC(=O)OR2またはR2への直接結合であり、
G1およびG2は、それぞれ独立して、C2~C12アルキレンまたはC2~C12アルケニレンであり、
G3は、C1~C24アルキレン、C2~C24アルケニレン、C3~C8シクロアルキレンまたはC3~C8シクロアルケニレンであり、
Ra、Rb、RdおよびReは、それぞれ独立して、HまたはC1~C12アルキルまたはC1~C12アルケニルであり、
RcおよびRfは、それぞれ独立して、C1~C12アルキルまたはC2~C12アルケニルであり、
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、分岐状C6~C24アルキルまたは分岐状C6~C24アルケニルであり、
R3は-N(R4)R5であり、
R4はC1~C12アルキルであり、
R5は置換C1~C12アルキルであり、
xは、0、1または2であり、
アルキル、アルケニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、シクロアルキレン、シクロアルケニレン、アリールおよびアラルキルは各々、他に特定されていない限り、独立して置換されているまたは置換されていない。
R7aおよびR7bは、出現ごとに独立して、HまたはC1~C12アルキルであり、
aは2~12の整数であり、
R7a、R7bおよびaは各々、R1およびR2がそれぞれ独立して6~20個の炭素原子を含むように選択される。例えば、一部の実施形態では、aは、5~9または8~12の範囲の整数である。
Rgは、出現ごとに独立して、HまたはC1~C6アルキルであり、
Rhは、出現ごとに独立して、C1~C6アルキルであり、
Riは、出現ごとに独立して、C1~C6アルキレンである)
からなる群より選択される1つまたはそれより多くの置換基で置換されている。
Rgは、出現ごとに独立して、HまたはC1~C6アルキルであり、
Rhは、出現ごとに独立して、C1~C6アルキルであり、
Riは、出現ごとに独立して、C1~C6アルキレンである)
からなる群より選択される1つまたはそれより多くの置換基で置換されている。
R8およびR9は、それぞれ独立して、10~30個の炭素原子を含有する直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル、アルケニル、またはアルキニルであり、アルキル、アルケニルまたはアルキニルは、1つまたは複数のエステル結合により、必要に応じて分断されており、
wは30~60の範囲の平均値を有する)
を有するペグ化脂質またはその薬学的に許容される塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体を含む。
R8およびR9は、それぞれ独立して、10~30個の炭素原子を含有する直鎖状または分岐状のアルキル、アルケニルまたはアルキニルであり、アルキル、アルケニルまたはアルキニルは、1つまたは複数のエステル結合により、必要に応じて分断されており、
wは、30~60の範囲の平均値を有する)
を有するペグ化脂質またはその薬学的に許容される塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体を含む。
またはその薬学的に許容される塩、互変異性体もしくは立体異性体を作製する例示的方法を例示している。当業者は、同様の方法で、または当業者に公知の他の方法を組み合わせることによりこれらの化合物を作製可能であり得ることが理解されている。当業者であれば、適当な開始構成成分を使用し、必要に応じて合成のパラメーターを改変することによって、以下に具体的に示されていない、構造(I)の他の化合物を、以下に記載されているものと同様の方式で作製可能であることもまた理解されている。一般的に、開始構成成分は、Sigma Aldrich、Lancaster Synthesis,Inc.、Maybridge、Matrix Scientific、TCIおよびFluorochem USAなどの供給元から得てもよく、当業者に公知の情報元に従い合成してもよく(例えば、Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition (Wiley, December 2000)を参照されたい)、または本発明に記載の通り調製してもよい。
脂質ナノ粒子組成物を使用したルシフェラーゼmRNAのin vivo評価
構造(I)の脂質、DSPC、コレステロールおよびPEG-脂質を、50:10:38.5:1.5または47.5:10:40.8:1.7のモル比で、エタノール中で可溶化した。脂質ナノ粒子(LNP)を、全脂質のmRNAに対する重量比約10:1~30:1で調製した。簡単に説明すると、10~50mMのクエン酸緩衝液、pH4で、mRNAを0.2mg/mLに希釈した。シリンジポンプを使用して、15mL/分を超える全流量で、エタノール性脂質溶液とmRNA水溶液を約1:5~1:3(vol/vol)の比で混合した。次いで、エタノールを除去し、外部の緩衝液を透析によりPBSに置き換えた。最後に、脂質ナノ粒子を、0.2μm細孔の無菌フィルターを介して濾過した。
製剤化した脂質のpKaの決定
他の箇所で記載されているように、製剤化した脂質のpKaは、核酸の送達のためのLNPの有効性と相関する(Jayaraman et al, Angewandte Chemie, International Edition (2012), 51(34), 8529-8533;Semple et al, Nature Biotechnology 28, 172-176 (2010)を参照されたい)。一部の実施形態では、pKaの好ましい範囲は約5~約7である。2-(p-トルイジノ)-6-ナフタレンスルホン酸(TNS)の蛍光に基づくアッセイを使用して、構造(I)の代表的化合物のpKaを脂質ナノ粒子において決定した。PBS中に、構造(I)の化合物/DSPC/コレステロール/PEG-脂質(50/10/38.5/1.5または47.5:10:40.8:1.7mol%)を総脂質濃度0.4mMで含む脂質ナノ粒子を、実施例1に記載されているようなインラインプロセスを使用して調製した。TNSは、蒸留水中100μMストック溶液として調製した。10mM HEPES、10mM MES、10mM酢酸アンモニウム、および130mM NaCl(このpHは2.5~11の範囲である)を含有する2mLの緩衝化溶液中で、ベシクルを24μMの脂質に希釈した。一定分量のTNS溶液を加えて、最終濃度を1μMにし、ボルテックス混合した後、321nmおよび445nmの励起および発光波長を使用する、SLM Aminco Series 2 Luminescence Spectrophotometerで、室温で蛍光強度を測定した。シグモイドの適合度分析(best fit analysis)を蛍光データに適用し、最大半量の蛍光強度を引き起こすpHとしてpKaを測定した。
in vivoルシフェラーゼmRNA発現げっ歯類モデルを使用する様々なカチオン性脂質を含有する脂質ナノ粒子製剤の有効性の決定
表2に示されているカチオン性脂質は、核酸で以前に試験されたものである。比較する目的で、これらの脂質を、実施例1においておよびPCT/US10/22614(これによって、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる)において記載されているように、株混合法を使用して、FLuc mRNA(L-6107)を含有する脂質ナノ粒子を製剤化するためにも使用した。脂質ナノ粒子は、以下のモル比:50%カチオン性脂質/10%ジステアロイルホスファチジルコリン(DSPC)/38.5%コレステロール/1.5%PEG脂質(「PEG-DMG」、すなわち、1-(モノメトキシ-ポリエチレングリコール)-2,3-ジミリストイルグリセロール、2000の平均PEG分子量を持つ)を使用して製剤化され得る。代替実施形態では、カチオン性脂質、DSPC、コレステロールおよびPEG-脂質は、約47.5:10:40.8:1.7のモル比で製剤化される。実施例1に記載の通り尾静脈注射を介した投与の4時間後、肝臓内のルシフェラーゼ発現を測定することによって、相対的な活性を決定した。0.3および1.0mgのmRNA/kgの用量での活性を比較し、実施例1に記載の通り、投与の4時間後に測定したルシフェラーゼ(ng)/肝臓(g)として表現した。
6-ブロモヘキサン酸(16mmol、3.12g)、2-ヘキシル-1-デカノール(22.4mmol、5.43g)およびDMAP(8mmol、976mg)のDCM(50mL)溶液に、DCC(17.6mmol、3.62g)を加えた。生成した混合物を室温で16時間撹拌した。沈殿物(DCU)を濾過によって除去した。濾液を濃縮し、生成した残留油状物質/固体をシリカゲル上でのカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン中0~5%酢酸エチル)により精製した。これにより、所望の生成物を無色の油状物質として得た(5.79g、無色の油状物質、13.8mmol、86%)。
2-アミノエタノール(333mg、5.46mmol)の35mlの無水THF溶液に、4-1(4.37g、10.4mmol)、炭酸カリウム(1.44g、10.4mmol)、炭酸セシウム(534mg、1.64mmol)およびヨウ化ナトリウム(30mg)を加えた。生成した混合物を密閉圧力フラスコ内で、70Cで6日間加熱した。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させ、残渣をヘキサンおよび酢酸エチル(94:4)の混合物中に入れ、水およびブラインで洗浄した。有機層を分離し、無水硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥させた。乾燥抽出物(320mL)をシリカゲルのカラムに充填した。カラムを、ヘキサン、EtOAcおよびトリエチルアミン(95:5:0~80:20:1)の混合物で溶出した。これにより、所望の生成物を無色の油状物質として得た(2.68g、3.63mmol、70%)。1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 3.97 (d, 5.8 Hz, 4H), 3.53 (t, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 3.08-2.79 (br. 1H), 2.57 (t, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 2.45 (t様, 7.4 Hz, 4H), 2.31 (t, 7.5 Hz, 4H), 1.67-1.59 (m, 6H), 1.51-1.41 (m, 4H), 1.38-1.10 (52H), 0.89 (t様, 6.8 Hz, 12H).
1mLのCHC13中の4-2(300mg、0.41mmol)の氷冷溶液に、5mLのクロロホルム中の塩化チオニル(1.23mmol、146mg)を、Ar雰囲気下、滴下添加した。SOCl2の添加(1~2分)が完了した後、氷浴を取り除き、反応混合物を室温(20C)で16時間撹拌した。クロロホルムおよびSOCl2の減圧下での除去により、濃厚な暗赤色の油状物質を得た。粗生成物をシリカゲル上でのフラッシュカラムクロマトグラフィー(微量のEt3Nを含むクロロホルム中0~1%MeOH)により精製した。所望の生成物を褐色油状物質として得た(190mg、0.25mmol、61%)。
4-3(190mg、0.25mmol)をTHF(5mL)に溶解させた。溶液に、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.217mL)および4-4(0.75mmol、140mg;1-ブロモノナンおよびアミノエタノールから調製)を加えた。密閉混合物を69Cで一晩加熱した。翌日、ヨウ化ナトリウム(10mg)を混合物に加え、加熱(65Cで)を再開した。3日後、混合物を冷却し、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上でのカラムクロマトグラフィーにより精製し、ヘキサン、EtOAcおよびトリエチルアミン(95:5:0~80:20:1)の混合物で溶出した。これにより、所望の生成物を無色の油状物質として得た(150mg、0.17mmol、66%)。1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.90-4.20 (br. 1H), 3.97 (d, 5.8 Hz, 4H), 3.52 (t, 5.0 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.53 (m, 4H), 2.52-2.45 (m, 4H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 4H), 2.31 (t, 7.5 Hz, 4H), 1.69-1.60 (m, 6H), 1.52-1.40 (m, 6H), 1.36-1.18 (64H), 0.89 (t様, 6.8 Hz, 15H).
2-ブチルオクタン酸(26.9mmol、5.388g)、9-ブロモ-1-ノナノール(4g、18mmol)およびDMAP(9mmol、1.10g)のDCM(40mL)溶液に、DCC(19.8mmol、4.08g)を加えた。生成した混合物を室温で16時間撹拌した。沈殿物(DCU)を濾過によって除去した。濾液を濃縮し、粗生成物をシリカゲル上でのフラッシュドライカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン中0~3%酢酸エチル)により精製した。所望の化合物を無色の油状物質として得た(6.42g、15.8mmol、88%)。
圧力フラスコ内の11-1(2.41g、5.94mmol)、2-アミノエタノール(185mg、3.03mmol)、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(1.32mL)および無水アセトニトリル(20mL)の混合物を、80℃で16時間加熱した。溶媒を減圧下で蒸発させ、粗生成物をシリカゲル上でのフラッシュドライカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン-EtOAc-Et3N、99:1:0~80:20:1)により精製した。所望の化合物を無色の油状物質として得た(1.441g、無色の油状物質、2.03mmol、68%)。
8mLのCHC13中の11-2(1.441g、2.03mmol)の氷冷溶液に、塩化チオニル(6.09mmol、725mg)のクロロホルム(25mL)溶液を、Ar雰囲気下、滴下添加した。SOCl2の添加の完了後、氷浴を取り除き、反応混合物を室温(20C)で16時間撹拌した。CHC13およびSOCl2の減圧下での除去により、濃厚な褐色油状物質、1.730gを得た。粗生成物(1.730g)をシリカゲル上でのフラッシュドライカラムクロマトグラフィー(シリカゲル230~400メッシュグレード、微量のEt3Nを含むクロロホルム中1%MeOH)により精製した。所望の化合物を褐色油状物質として得た(1.35g、1.8mmol、91%)。
THF(6mL)中の11-3(268mg、0.37mmol)、8-1(0.75mmol、130mg)、N,N-ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.22mL)およびヨウ化ナトリウム(10mg)の混合物を密閉し、70℃で3日間加熱した。混合物を冷却し、濃縮した。粗生成物をシリカゲル上でのフラッシュドライカラムクロマトグラフィー(微量のEt3Nを含むクロロホルム中0~5%MeOH)により精製した。所望の化合物を無色の油状物質として得た(135mg、0.16mmol、43%)。1HNMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ:4.06 (t, 6.6 Hz, 4H), 3.64 (t, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 2.57-2.51 (m, 2H), 2.45-2.38 (m, 6H), 2.35-2.27 (m, 4H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.66-1.52 (m, 推定11H), 1.50-1.38 (m, 10H), 1.38-1.10 (54H), 0.90-0.85 (m, 12H).
Claims (23)
- 以下の構造(IA):
を有する化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、もしくは立体異性体であって、
式中、
L1は、-O(C=O)R1、-(C=O)OR1、-C(=O)R1、-OR1、-S(O)xR1、-S-SR1、-C(=O)SR1、-SC(=O)R1、-NRaC(=O)R1、-C(=O)NRbRc、-NRaC(=O)NRbRc、-OC(=O)NRbRcまたは-NRaC(=O)OR1であり、
L2は、-O(C=O)R2、-(C=O)OR2、-C(=O)R2、-OR2、-S(O)xR2、-S-SR2、-C(=O)SR2、-SC(=O)R2、-NRdC(=O)R2、-C(=O)NReRf、-NRdC(=O)NReRf、-OC(=O)NReRf;-NRdC(=O)OR2またはR2への直接結合であり、
G3は、C1~C24アルキレン、C2~C24アルケニレン、C3~C8シクロアルキレンまたはC3~C8シクロアルケニレンであり、
Ra、Rb、RdおよびReは、それぞれ独立して、HまたはC1~C12アルキルまたはC1~C12アルケニルであり、
RcおよびRfは、それぞれ独立して、C1~C12アルキルまたはC2~C12アルケニルであり、
R1およびR2は、それぞれ独立して、分岐状C6~C24アルキルまたは分岐状C6~C24アルケニルであり、
R3は-N(R4)R5であり、
R4はC1~C12アルキルであり、
R5は、-ORg 、および-ORiOHからなる群より選択される1つまたはそれより多くの置換基で置換されているC1~C12アルキルであり、
Rgは、出現ごとに独立して、Hであり、
Riは、出現ごとに独立して、C1~C6アルキレンであり、
yおよびzは、それぞれ独立して、4~12の範囲の整数であり、
xは、0、1または2であり、
アルキル、アルケニル、アルキレン、アルケニレン、シクロアルキレン、およびシクロアルケニレンは各々、他に特定されていない限り、独立して置換されているかまたは置換されていない、
化合物またはその薬学的に許容される塩、もしくは立体異性体。 - G3がC1~C12アルキレンである、請求項1に記載の化合物。
- G3がC2またはC3アルキレンである、請求項1または2のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- L1が、-O(C=O)R1、-(C=O)OR1または-C(=O)NRbRcであり、L2が、-O(C=O)R2、-(C=O)OR2または-C(=O)NReRfである、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- yおよびzが、それぞれ独立して、4~10の範囲の整数である、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R1およびR2が、それぞれ独立して、分岐状C6~C24アルキルである、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- aが8~12の整数である、請求項8に記載の化合物。
- R4が、置換されているかまたは置換されていない、メチル、エチル、プロピル、n-ブチル、n-ヘキシル、n-オクチルまたはn-ノニルである、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5が、置換されている、メチル、エチル、プロピル、n-ブチル、n-ヘキシル、n-オクチルまたはn-ノニルである、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5が置換されているエチルまたは置換されているプロピルである、請求項12に記載の化合物。
- R4が置換されていないメチルである、請求項12または13のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- R5がヒドロキシルで置換されている、請求項12から14のいずれか一項に記載の化合物。
- 請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物と治療剤とを含む、組成物。
- 前記治療剤が核酸を含む、請求項18に記載の組成物。
- 前記核酸が、アンチセンスおよびメッセンジャーRNAから選択される、請求項19に記載の組成物。
- 前記治療剤を必要とする患者に投与するための医薬組成物の製造のための、請求項18から20のいずれか一項に記載の組成物の使用。
- 請求項1から17のいずれか一項に記載の化合物を含む、脂質ナノ粒子。
- 請求項22に記載の脂質ナノ粒子と、薬学的に許容される希釈剤または賦形剤とを含む、医薬組成物。
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| US11639329B2 (en) | 2023-05-02 |
| WO2019036008A8 (en) | 2020-03-12 |
| US20240308952A1 (en) | 2024-09-19 |
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| JP2020531418A (ja) | 2020-11-05 |
| JP2023138986A (ja) | 2023-10-03 |
| WO2019036008A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
| CA3073020A1 (en) | 2019-02-21 |
| US20250084029A1 (en) | 2025-03-13 |
| EP3668833A1 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
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