JP5719411B2 - 熱交換器 - Google Patents
熱交換器 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5719411B2 JP5719411B2 JP2013155856A JP2013155856A JP5719411B2 JP 5719411 B2 JP5719411 B2 JP 5719411B2 JP 2013155856 A JP2013155856 A JP 2013155856A JP 2013155856 A JP2013155856 A JP 2013155856A JP 5719411 B2 JP5719411 B2 JP 5719411B2
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- evaporator
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- tube bundle
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 113
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 50
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 48
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011552 falling film Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 ethylene, ethylene Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/20—Disposition of valves, e.g. of on-off valves or flow control valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
- F25B39/028—Evaporators having distributing means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0017—Flooded core heat exchangers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits with tubular conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D3/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium flows in a continuous film, or trickles freely, over the conduits
- F28D3/04—Distributing arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F25/00—Component parts of trickle coolers
- F28F25/02—Component parts of trickle coolers for distributing, circulating, and accumulating liquid
- F28F25/06—Spray nozzles or spray pipes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
- F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
- F25B2339/02—Details of evaporators
- F25B2339/024—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger
- F25B2339/0242—Evaporators with refrigerant in a vessel in which is situated a heat exchanger having tubular elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
- F28D2021/0071—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2280/00—Mounting arrangements; Arrangements for facilitating assembling or disassembling of heat exchanger parts
- F28F2280/02—Removable elements
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
Description
し、参照としてここに組み込む。
別の例において、チューブの一部は、外部表面に付着した冷媒を有することができ、チューブ束の別の部分は、液体冷媒内に浸漬することができる。これは、「混成落下フィルム(hybrid falling film)」蒸発器として一般に参照される。
C電源から直接稼動できる任意の形式の電気モータを含むことができる。例えば、モータ50は切換え磁気抵抗モータ、誘導モータ、電子的に整流される永久磁石モータ又は任意の他の適当なモータ形式とすることができる。代わりの例示的な実施の形態においては、コンプレッサ32を駆動するために、蒸気又はガスタービン又はエンジンのような他の駆動機構及び関連する構成要素を使用することができる。
発器138は、1つのパスがチューブ束78及びチューブ束140の双方に関連し、第2のパスがチューブ束78及びチューブ束140の双方に関連するような交互2パスシステムを組み込むことができる。
る。
86とチューブ束78との間に位置しないように、フード86の近傍ではあるが、その外部に位置することができる。ノズル81は、フード86とチューブ束78との間に位置しないことができるが、分配器80のノズルは、フードに形成した開口83を通してのように、チューブ束の少なくとも1つのチューブの表面上に冷媒を誘導/分配又は適用するように形状づけることができる。
[0057]図8A、図8Bは、蒸発器の例示的な実施の形態を示す。図8Aに示すように、一対のフード86は、シェル76内に位置し、各フードは、それぞれの分配器80及びチューブ束78を包含し、これらを覆う。代わりの例示的な実施の形態においては、異なる数のフードがシェル内に位置することができ、各フードは、対応する分配器及びチューブ束を包含し、更なる例示的な実施の形態においては、それぞれのフード(及び対応するチューブ束及び分配器)は、異なる量の冷媒流れ及びプロセス流体流れを提供するように形状づけることができ、即ち、異なる熱伝達容量を提供するように形状づけることができる。図8Bに示すように、フード86は、分配器網又は複数の分配器120を覆う。
構成された少なくとも1つの取り付け部158を含むことができる。図9Aに更に示すように、取り付け部158は、取り付け部158の端部が分配器156の流れ経路即ち流れ部分の壁の内側表面から測定したような挿入距離160を残すように、分配器156内に設置されるように構成される。挿入距離160は、例えば異物粒子又はごみ162及びノズル81による流れ障害を減少させるように構成される。
ーブ束78のチューブセット121からチューブセット119を分離する。これらの仕切りの各々は、プロセス流体箱の1つ内のバッフルと関連してもしなくてもよい。換言すれば、仕切り58、59は、シェルを通って2度パスされた退去プロセス流体からプロセス流体箱26内の入来する未冷却のプロセス流体を分離するバッフルに対応することができる。
ち「V」プロフィールに似ることができ、チューブ束78のコンパクトな構造を許容するが、他の例示的な実施の形態においては、仕切り58、59は、垂直に指向したプロフィールのような他のプロフィールを含むことができる。垂直に指向したプロフィールは、チューブセットを通るプロセス流体の左右並列の流れを生じさせる。水平に指向したプロフィールは、チューブセットを通るプロセス流体の上下並列の流れを生じさせる。更なる実施の形態においては、チューブ束140は、図10Cに更に示すようなチューブ束78と同様のチューブセットに分割することができる。例えば、間隔部材即ち仕切り61は、チューブセット67からチューブセット65を分離し、間隔部材即ち仕切り63は、チューブセット69からチューブセット67を分離する。別の例示的な実施の形態においては、チューブ束140は、水平に指向したプロフィールを有する仕切り61、63を組み込むことができる。
実施の形態を示し、この場合、フード86とチューブ束186の上方チューブとの間に位置する分配器80に加えて、少なくとも1つの付加的な分配器80がチューブ束186の中間領域内に位置するギャップ188内に設けられる。付加的な分配器は、チューブ束のチューブ間に位置することができ、チューブ束の表面上に適用される冷媒の複数/多レベル応用を提供し、それによって、チューブ束のチューブの向上した湿潤を提供することにより蒸発器の性能/容量を改善する。そして、更なる例示的な実施の形態においては、チューブ束のチューブは、分配器(単数又は複数)を少なくとも部分的に取り囲むことができる。代わりの例示的な実施の形態においては、付加的な分配器は異なって位置することができ、即ち、柱構成又は他の不均一構成となって位置することができる。
により、「液体の持ち越し」を減少させることができる。1つの例示的な実施の形態においては、コレクタ234は、フード壁上で合体又は集塊した液体液滴を収集するために微細開口224の近傍に位置することができる。別の例示的な実施の形態においては、コレクタ234は、フードを備えた単一構造のものとすることができる。更なる例示的な実施の形態においては、コレクタ234は、冷媒96が冷媒82のプールに遭遇することなくフード223の開口端部のまわりでギャップ225を通って進行できるように、コレクタの部分間に開口(図示せず)を含むことができる。
れたノズル261を含むことができる。シェル76は、プロセス流体箱26に関連する入口252と、プロセス流体箱28に関連する出口254とを含むことができる。図21に示すような1パス形状においては、代わりの例示的な実施の形態において多パス形状を使用することができるが、チューブ束256のチューブの対向する端部は、入口252から入るプロセス流体がチューブ束256を通して導かれ、出口254を通してシェル76から出るように、プロセス流体箱26、28間を延びる。(図21に示す)複数の分配器258の流れ部分260の断面は、図8Cの21−21線に沿った複数の分配器120の断面と同様のものとすることができる。
般に参照されるフィルタ270に遭遇する。
Claims (12)
- 冷却システムに使用するための蒸発器(128,174)であって、
シェル(76)と、
前記シェル(76)に形成された出口(104)と、
複数のチューブ束(78)と、
複数の分配器(80)と
を備え、
前記複数のチューブ束(78)の各チューブ束(78)は、前記シェル(76)内において実質的に水平方向に延びる複数のチューブを備え、
前記複数の分配器(80)の各分配器(80)は、チューブ束(78)の少なくとも1つのチューブに流体を分配するように構成され、位置決めされ、
前記蒸発器は、複数のフード(86)を備え、
各分配器は、フード(86)によって覆われ、
前記複数のフード(86)のうちの少なくとも各フード(86)は、前記複数のチューブ束(78)のうちのチューブ束(78)を覆い、
各フード(86)は、開口端部(94)を有し、
前記複数のフード(86)のうちの隣接するフード(86)間にギャップ(176)が設けられ、
前記ギャップ(176)は、前記複数のフード(86)のうちの隣接するフード(86)の前記開放端部(94)を出る流体を前記出口(104)に案内するように構成された
蒸発器。 - 請求項1に記載の蒸発器(128,174)であって、
前記複数のフード(86)のうちの少なくとも1つのフード(86)に覆われたチューブ束(78)の熱伝達容量は、前記複数のフード(86)のうちの他の1つのフード(86)に覆われたチューブ束(78)の熱伝達容量とは異なる
蒸発器。 - 請求項1に記載の蒸発器(128,174)であって、
前記複数のフード(86)のうちの少なくとも1つのフード(86)は、前記シェルの一部分と、前記シェル(76)から延びる仕切り(178)と、を備える
蒸発器。 - 請求項1に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
さらに、前記シェル(76)から延びるとともに、前記ギャップ(176)によって分離された少なくとも2つのパーティション(178)を備え、
各パーティション(178)は、対応するチューブ束(78)を覆った後に終端する
蒸発器。 - 請求項4に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記少なくとも2つのパーティション(178)は、隣接するチューブ束(78)間で対照的に位置決めされた
蒸発器。 - 請求項4に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記少なくとも2つのパーティション(178)のうちの各パーティション(178)は、前記隣接するチューブ束(78)の一方の対応する部分を境界付ける第1のセグメント(180)を備える
蒸発器。 - 請求項6に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記第1のセグメント(180)は、相互に実質的に平行に構成され、位置決めされた
蒸発器。 - 請求項4に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記少なくとも2つのパーティション(178)のうちの各パーティション(178)は、前記第1セグメント(180)と前記シェル(76)との間を延びるとともに前記第1セグメント(180)と前記シェル(76)とを相互接続する第2のセグメント(182)を備えた
蒸発器。 - 請求項8に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記第2のセグメント(182)は、非平行に構成され、位置決めされた
蒸発器。 - 請求項9に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記第2のセグメント(182)は、開拡するように構成され、位置決めされた
蒸発器。 - 請求項10に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
さらに、前記第2のセグメント(182)間に位置するフィルタ(184)を備えた
蒸発器。 - 請求項11に記載の蒸発器(174)であって、
前記フィルタは、前記出口(104)の近傍に位置する
蒸発器。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2053308P | 2008-01-11 | 2008-01-11 | |
| US61/020,533 | 2008-01-11 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010542383A Division JP2011510249A (ja) | 2008-01-11 | 2009-01-09 | 熱交換器 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2013242140A JP2013242140A (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101899523B1 (ko) | 2017-01-20 | 2018-10-31 | (주)와이앤제이에프엠씨 | 복합열교환을 이용하는 고효율 히트펌프식 냉난방장치 |
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