JP5296531B2 - βグルカン及びマンナンの製造 - Google Patents
βグルカン及びマンナンの製造 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5296531B2 JP5296531B2 JP2008510230A JP2008510230A JP5296531B2 JP 5296531 B2 JP5296531 B2 JP 5296531B2 JP 2008510230 A JP2008510230 A JP 2008510230A JP 2008510230 A JP2008510230 A JP 2008510230A JP 5296531 B2 JP5296531 B2 JP 5296531B2
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- mannan
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- yeast
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Images
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Description
商業用自己消化ビール酵母(サッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae))からの細胞壁画分31.1kgを、ジャケット付きステンレス製容器中で55℃まで加熱した。全固形分は10.7%であり、該固形分中のタンパク質の全割合は24.5%であった。pHを水酸化ナトリウムで9.5まで上昇させ、0.1%(総重量ベース)のProtex 6L(アルカリプロテアーゼ、Genencor(Palo Alto, CA)から入手可)を添加した。細胞壁を55℃で16時間攪拌した。Protex 6Lを85℃で30分間加熱不活性化し、細胞壁をAlpha Laval Gyroモデルの円筒型遠心分離機により、継続的なデカンティング処理を用いて分離した。不溶性細胞壁画分を除去した抽出物と等量の水で3回洗浄した。洗浄した細胞壁画分を15.4%の固形分まで濃縮し、pHを塩酸で7.0に調整し、画分をスプレー乾燥した。Protex 6L処理からの抽出物(図1に示す2°抽出物に対応する)の一部を28.3%固形分まで濃縮し、pHを7.0に調整し、抽出物をスプレー乾燥した。2°抽出物の残存物をUFP-10-C-6A 10,000 NMWC中空繊維膜(A/G Technology Corp(Needham, MA)から入手可)を用いて限外濾過した。マンナンに富む高分子量の保持液をpH7.0に調整し、スプレー乾燥した。3°抽出物(濾液)をpH7.0に調整し、濃縮し、スプレー乾燥した。
ビール酵母抽出物の製造工程からの16,000galの細胞壁クリームを55℃まで加熱し、pHを水酸化ナトリウムで9.5に調整した。Protex 6Lを0.1%(v/v)で添加し、混合物を55℃で14時間保持した。pHをHClでpH5.0まで低下させた。pH5でProtex 6Lは不活化され、添加した酵素は破壊されない。Glucoamylase Concentrate(Valley Research(South Bend, IN)から入手可)を0.0175%(重量:総重量)で添加した。温度を55℃で4時間保持した後、88℃まで上昇させて酵素を不活化した。加熱した物質をWestfalia円筒型分離機(Westfalia Separator, Inc.(Northvale, NJ)から入手可)で分離した。抽出物(図2で2°抽出物として示される)の大部分を濃縮し、スプレー乾燥した。2°抽出物の一部をUFP-10-C-6A 10,000 NMWC 中空繊維膜(A/G Technology Corp(Needham, MA)から入手可)を用いて限外濾過した。保持液及び濾液を濃縮し、スプレー乾燥した。スプレー乾燥した生成物を実施例1に記載の技術に従って分析した。結果を表2に示す。細胞壁画分を遠心分離によって水洗浄し、濃縮し、凍結乾燥した。
2つのジャケット付きステンレス製の各容器に、酵母細胞が自己消化に供された商業工程のビール酵母抽出液からの細胞壁25kgを添加した。固形分は11.8%であった。両容器を55℃まで加熱した。容器1のpHは、5.0に調整し、Glucoamylase Concentrate(Valley Research(South Bend, IN)から入手可)を0.1%(重量:総重量)で添加した。インキュベーションを14時間継続し、その後、pHを9.5まで上昇させた。次いで、0.10% Protex 6Lを添加し、インキュベーションを4時間継続した。サンプルを様々な時点で取り上げ、グルコアミラーゼの作用によって放出した遊離グルコースについてアッセイした。
商業用自己消化初代培養(primary grown)のパン酵母(15%固形分)又はビール酵母(11.8%固形分)からの細胞壁220gを55℃まで加熱し、pHを9.5に調整した。次いで、細胞壁を0.1%(重量:総重量)Protex 6Lで14時間処理した。14時間後、pHを5.0まで低下させ、0.0175%Glucoamylase Concentrateを各容器に添加した。フラスコを55℃でさらに4時間インキュベートした。遊離グルコースをYSI Biochemistry Analyzerでモニターした。結果を表4に示す。
自己消化したビール酵母細胞:実施例2に従って作製した図2の処理からの2°抽出物(すなわち、プロテアーゼ及びアミラーゼ処理後に取得されるマンナン)の50:50(乾燥固体ベース)ブレンドを、該2成分を乾式混合することによって製剤化した。このブレンドを、離乳後28日間、幼ブタの食餌を補充するために使用した。このブレンドはフェーズ1(0〜7日)の間は食餌1トン当たり3 lbsで、フェーズ2(7〜14日)の間は食餌1トン当たり2 lbs、そしてフェーズ3(14〜28日)の間は食餌1トン当たり2 lbsで添加した。対照及び処理食餌はいずれも抗生物質を含んだ。離乳後のブタ(17〜22日齢)は、体重に基づいて対照食餌又は処理食餌に無作為に割り当てた。各食餌につき13個体のブタを含む6つの仕切りがあった。結果を表5に示す。
イヌ用のキブルを油でコーティングした後、実施例2に従って作製した図2に示す処理からの乾燥3°抽出物(すなわち限外濾過後の濾液)1.0%、又は認可されているイヌの嗜好性増強剤1.0%のいずれかを、油でコーティングしたキブルの表面にスプレーした。1000gの各糧食を1パネル20匹のイヌに2日間与えた。皿の位置を毎日逆にすることにより、「左右の」偏りを防止した。
高度に精製したサッカロミセス・セレビシエ(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)の細胞壁生成物を実施例2に記載される処理に従って製造する。これは高濃度の(β-1,3/1,6)グルカンを有する。この生成物はFDAによってG.R.A.S. (Generally Recognized as Safe)である。この生成物は、良質な(β-1,3/1,6)グルカンの天然源と共に広範な食品において補充するために使用することができる。この生物学的に活性な物質は、広範な動物の免疫系を刺激することが示されている。この生成物の組成及び特徴を表7に示す。
ビール酵母細胞壁クリームを131°F(55℃)まで加熱する。pHを50%水酸化ナトリウム(細胞壁クリーム1kg当たり約5ml)で9.5まで上昇させる。Protex 6L(Genecore)を0.1%(量:細胞壁クリームの総重量)まで添加する。混合物を131°Fで14時間保持する。pHを28%HCl(塩酸)で5.0まで低下させ、0.0175%(重量:総重量)Glucoamylase Concentrate (Valley Research)を添加する。混合物を55℃で4時間保持し、その後185〜195°Fまで加熱することによって酵素を熱不活性化する。画分を分離する。β-グルカンに富む不溶性画分をスプレー乾燥する前に、pHを6.5に調整する。β-グルカンに富む不溶性画分をスプレー乾燥する。
商業用パン酵母自己消化物からの細胞壁220g(15%固形分)をガラスフラスコ中に入れ、攪拌した。温度を55℃まで上昇させ、pHをHClにより9.5まで上昇させた。0.1% Protex 6Lを添加し、サンプルを14時間インキュベートした。この時点で、30gのアリコートをSorvall SS34遠心機ロータにおける使用に適当な50ml遠心チューブ(Nalgeneから入手可)中に分配した。磁気攪拌バーを各チューブに入れた。以下の添加物A、B又はCを遠心チューブに施した:
A. 0.0175%Glucoamylase Concentrate (Valley Researchから入手可)
B. 0.1%Lipase CR (Valley Researchから入手可能なトリアシルグリセロールリパーゼ)
C. 0.0175%Glucoamylase Concentrate+0.1%Lipase CR.
各チューブを55℃で4時間攪拌しながらインキュベートした。酵素を85℃で15分間加熱不活化し、細胞壁をSS34ロータを具備するSorvallTM遠心分離機を用いて(12,000r.p.m.で10分間)ペレット化した。次いで、除去した可溶性抽出物の量と等量の水でペレットを3回洗浄した。細胞壁を約15%固形分まで再懸濁し、Buchi Mini Spray Dryer B-191でスプレー乾燥した。乾燥した細胞壁をタンパク質について分析し(窒素源X 6.25; LECO タンパク質測定機、LECO Corp.(St. Joseph, MI)から入手可)、β-グルカンをMegazyme International Mushroom及びYeast Beta-glucanキット(Megazyme International(Wicklow, Ireland)から入手可)を用いて測定した。結果を表8に示す。
実施例2のβ-グルカンに富む生成物を1g/Kgで含むか、又はβ-グルカンを含まない(対照)標準的なトリ用飼料(抗生物質を含まない)を、ブロイラー鶏に1日齢から毎日摂取させる。7日後、対照及びβ-グルカンを摂取する雛の両方を、トリに病原性であるE.コリ(E.coli)株による呼吸器チャレンジ(respiratory challenge)に供する。雛に各食餌を継続させ、死亡率を1ヶ月間記録する。
実施例1のマンナンに富む限外濾過保持液を1g/Kgで含むか、又は富化したマンナンを含まない(対照)標準的なトリ用飼料(抗生物質を含まない)をブロイラー鶏に2週間の間毎日摂取させる。次いで、ブロイラー鶏(対照及びマンナン摂取群の両方)をトリに病原性であるサルモネラ(Salmonella)株の経口接種に供する。トリに各食餌を継続させ、死亡率及び罹患率を1ヶ月間モニターする。
クルマエビ(ペナエウス・モノドン(Penaeus monodon))の一群を富化β-グルカンを含まない溶液(対照群)中に浸漬させる。この群は、研究の経過中、富化β-グルカンを含まない市販のペレットを摂取させる。第2のクルマエビ群は実施例1の富化β-グルカンを0.1%含む溶液中に浸漬させた後、実施例1の富化β-グルカンを0.1%含む市販のペレットを摂取させる。第3のクルマエビ群は、実施例2の富化β-グルカンを0.1%含む溶液中に浸漬させた後、実施例2の富化β-グルカンを0.1%含む市販のペレットを摂取させる。各群の死亡率を数ヶ月にわたってモニターする。
現在受けているスキンローション治療に反応性でない湿疹に罹患した児童の選択群を、実施例2のβ-グルカンに富む生成物の1%懸濁液を含むローションで処置する。このローションは1日に2回適用する。皮膚は、皮膚科医により、病変及び痛みの改善について週に一回評価する。β-グルカンローションは、痛みに関連する病変を減少し、病変の治癒を早めることが期待される。
実施例2の酵母β-グルカン抽出物は、脂肪と一部置き換えて1%(w/w)でアイスクリームに添加する。β-グルカンは、質感に影響を与えることなく、アイスクリームに堅さ及びこくを与える。β-グルカンが補充されたアイスクリームは、β-グルカンを含まないアイスクリームよりもカロリーが少ない。補充したアイスクリームの摂取時に、β-グルカンは腸管の先天性免疫系を刺激し、消費者の免疫状態に利益を与えることが予想される。
Claims (20)
- 以下のステップ(a)〜(d)を含む酵母細胞の処理方法:
(a) 酵母細胞を自己消化させて酵母細胞壁をpH 4〜8で、かつ24〜36時間解離させるステップ;
(b) 酵母細胞壁を外因性プロテアーゼと共にpH 9〜10で、かつ50℃〜65℃の温度でインキュベートするステップ;
(c) 酵母細胞壁をグルカンに富む成分とマンナンに富む成分とに分けるステップ;及び
(d) ステップ(c)のマンナンに富む成分を限外濾過して濾液と保持液とを生じさせるステップ。 - ステップ(b)のプロテアーゼをステップ(c)の前に不活化する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 保持液がマンナンを含み、かつ該マンナンの少なくとも85%(w/w)は少なくとも10,000Daの分子量を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(a)を35℃〜55℃の温度で実施する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)のグルカンに富む成分を動物飼料に使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)のプロテアーゼ処理した細胞壁を動物飼料に使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)の濾液を動物飼料に使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)のグルカンに富む成分を食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(b)のプロテアーゼ処理した細胞壁を食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)のグルカンに富む成分を食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用する際に、ステップ(d)の濾液を使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 以下のステップ(a)〜(d)を含む酵母細胞の処理方法:
(a)酵母細胞を50℃〜65℃の温度で自己消化させて酵母細胞壁を解離させるステップ;
(b)細胞壁を外因性プロテアーゼと共にpH 9〜10でインキュベートするステップ;
(c)ステップ(b)のプロテアーゼ処理した細胞壁を、アミラーゼ、リパーゼ及びそれらの組合せの少なくとも1つを含む酵素と共にpH 4〜6でインキュベートするステップ;及び
(d)ステップ(c)の酵素処理した細胞壁をグルカンに富む成分とマンナンに富む成分とに分けるステップ。 - 酵母細胞がビール酵母細胞を含む請求項11に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)の酵素で処理した細胞壁を動物飼料に使用することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ステップ(c)の酵素で処理した細胞壁を、食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)のグルカンに富む成分を動物飼料に使用することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)のグルカンに富む成分を、食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用することをさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- ステップ(d)のマンナンに富む成分を限外濾過して濾液と保持液とを生じさせるステップ(e)をさらに含む、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 保持液はマンナンを含み、かつ該マンナンの少なくとも85%(w/w)は少なくとも10,000Daの分子量を有する、請求項17に記載の方法。
- ステップ(e)の濾液を動物飼料において使用することをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
- ステップ(e)の濾液を、食品サプリメント、医薬、化粧品及び栄養補助食品から選択される製品に使用することをさらに含む、請求項17に記載の方法。
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2006
- 2006-05-05 JP JP2008510230A patent/JP5296531B2/ja active Active
- 2006-05-05 MX MX2007013725A patent/MX2007013725A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-05 US US11/418,922 patent/US20060263415A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-05 CN CN2006800150267A patent/CN101184780B/zh active Active
- 2006-05-05 BR BRPI0611535-7A patent/BRPI0611535B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2006-05-05 EP EP06759096.8A patent/EP1877447B1/en active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| BRPI0611535A8 (pt) | 2017-03-28 |
| CA2912012A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| EP1877447B1 (en) | 2016-12-21 |
| US20060263415A1 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
| MX2007013725A (es) | 2008-04-09 |
| BRPI0611535B1 (pt) | 2021-11-30 |
| BRPI0611535A2 (pt) | 2010-09-21 |
| EP1877447A1 (en) | 2008-01-16 |
| US20100190872A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
| CN101184780A (zh) | 2008-05-21 |
| US8753668B2 (en) | 2014-06-17 |
| CN101184780B (zh) | 2012-10-03 |
| WO2006121803A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| CA2607004A1 (en) | 2006-11-16 |
| CA2912012C (en) | 2018-05-29 |
| JP2008541700A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
| CA2607004C (en) | 2016-01-26 |
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