JP5067975B2 - 冷熱貯蔵器を有する熱伝達体 - Google Patents
冷熱貯蔵器を有する熱伝達体 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5067975B2 JP5067975B2 JP2008557627A JP2008557627A JP5067975B2 JP 5067975 B2 JP5067975 B2 JP 5067975B2 JP 2008557627 A JP2008557627 A JP 2008557627A JP 2008557627 A JP2008557627 A JP 2008557627A JP 5067975 B2 JP5067975 B2 JP 5067975B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
- F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
- F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
- F28D1/05391—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits combined with a particular flow pattern, e.g. multi-row multi-stage radiators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00321—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices
- B60H1/00335—Heat exchangers for air-conditioning devices of the gas-air type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
- B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/32—Cooling devices
- B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
- B60H1/3227—Cooling devices using compression characterised by the arrangement or the type of heat exchanger, e.g. condenser, evaporator
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
- F25B39/02—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
- F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/028—Control arrangements therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
- F28D2021/0085—Evaporators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)
- Other Air-Conditioning Systems (AREA)
Description
熱伝達体の全奥行きTは、好ましくは25から200mm、特に35から80mm、特に好ましくは60±10mmである。組立て奥行きTs1とTs3は、半分の大きさに相当する(コレクト容器の対称の形態)。
熱伝達体の全奥行きTは、好ましくは25から200mm、特に35から80mm、特に好ましくは60±10mmである。組立て奥行きTs1は、好ましくは10から80mm、特に15から40mm、組立て奥行きTs2は、好ましくは15から120mm、特に20から60mmである。
Claims (15)
- 蒸発器(1)が、冷凍剤を案内する多数のフラットパイプと、少なくとも1つの冷熱貯蔵器(4)とを有し、多数のフラットパイプは、並べて配置されており、冷熱貯蔵器(4)は、多数の冷熱貯蔵フラットパイプ(6)を有しており、その冷熱貯蔵器(4)内に冷熱貯蔵媒体が設けられており、蒸発器(1)が、2つの互いに平行に配置された第1と第2の領域(1’と1”)を有し、冷熱貯蔵器(4)が第2の領域(1”)内に配置されており、第2の領域(1”)内の冷熱貯蔵フラットパイプ(6)と第1の領域(1’)内の別のフラットパイプ(7)は、フラットパイプの3列すべてにおいて、それぞれ1つのフラットパイプが他の列の他の2つのフラットパイプと空気の流れ方向に整合するように、配置されており、第2の領域(1”)内の冷熱貯蔵フラットパイプ(6)と第1の領域(1’)内の別のフラットパイプ(7)は、それらの幅(b1、b2およびb3)において互いに相当するように形成されていて、蒸発器(1)を貫流する空気のための流れ抵抗を改善し、この形態が、波形フィン(8)をつなげて形成して、波形フィン(8)が、多数のフラットパイプを一体化するように第1の領域(1’)と第2の領域(1”)の両方にわたって延びていることを特徴とする熱伝達体。
- 第2の領域(1”)が、冷凍剤流の少なくとも1つの部分流によって貫流可能であって、前記部分流が第1の領域(1’)の少なくとも一部も貫流することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の熱伝達体。
- 蒸発器(1)の第1と第2の領域(1’、1”)が、それぞれ蒸発器の幅全体にわたって延びていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の熱伝達体。
- 第2の領域(1”)が、第1の領域(1’)の空気流出側に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 第2の領域(1”)のフラットパイプ(6)と、第1の領域(1’)のフラットパイプ(7)の少なくとも一部が、それぞれコレクト容器(9)の共通の部分領域、あるいは共通のコレクト容器(9”)内で終了しており、前記部分領域あるいはコレクト容器がそれぞれ、冷熱貯蔵部材(5)を有するフラットパイプ(6)から離れて配置されているフラットパイプ(7)の列がその中で終了する、他の部分領域ないしコレクト容器(9’)から分離して形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 少なくとも1つの冷熱貯蔵部材(5)内に、少なくとも1つの冷凍剤を案内するフラットパイプが配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷凍剤を案内し、かつ冷熱貯蔵媒体を含むフラットパイプ(6)が、二重壁のフラットパイプであって、冷凍剤が中央の領域内に、冷熱貯蔵媒体が外側の領域内にあることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷熱貯蔵部材(5)を有する正確に1列のフラットパイプ(6)と、冷熱貯蔵媒体を持たない少なくとも2列のフラットパイプ(7)が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷熱貯蔵部材(5)を有するフラットパイプ(6)の列が、冷熱貯蔵部材を持たない、次の列のフラットパイプ(7)の隣接するフラットパイプと同じコレクト容器(9’)内、あるいはコレクト容器(9)の同じ部分領域内で終了していることを特徴とする請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷熱貯蔵媒体を案内するフラットパイプ路が、冷熱貯蔵媒体コレクト容器(10)内で終了しており、前記冷熱貯蔵媒体コレクト容器を通して冷凍剤を案内するフラットパイプないし通路が突出しており、前記フラットパイプないし通路が分離されたコレクト容器(12)内で終了していることを特徴とする請求項1から9のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 熱伝達体が、冷凍剤によって異なる方向に貫流可能な幾つかのブロック(B1からB6)を有しており、その場合に隣接するブロックの少なくとも1つの列(B1からB3)が、第1の領域(1’)のフラットパイプの一部と第2の領域(1”)のフラットパイプの少なくとも一部を有しており、かつ隣接するブロックの少なくとも1つの第2の列(B4からB6)が設けられており、前記列が、第1の領域(1’)のフラットパイプの他の部分を有していることを特徴とする請求項1から10のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- ブロックの第1の列(B1からB3)が、ブロックの第2の列(B4からB6)に直接隣接して、2つから4つ、特に3つのブロック(B1からB3)を有し、ブロックの第2の列(B4からB6)が、6つまでのブロック、特に2つから4つのブロック(B4からB6)を有していることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷熱貯蔵媒体の相転位温度が、0℃から30℃、好ましくは1℃から20℃、特に2℃から15℃、特に好ましくは4℃から12℃の領域にあることを特徴とする請求項1から12のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷熱貯蔵器(4)内に、少なくとも1つの挿入物が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から13のいずれか1項に記載の熱伝達体。
- 冷凍剤循環を有する冷熱貯蔵器(4)を有する空調設備において、
請求項1から14のいずれか1項に記載の蒸発器(1)を設けたことを特徴とする空調設備。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006011327.6 | 2006-03-09 | ||
| DE102006011327A DE102006011327A1 (de) | 2006-03-09 | 2006-03-09 | Wärmeübertrager mit Kältespeicher |
| PCT/EP2007/001616 WO2007101572A1 (de) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-02-26 | Wärmeübertrager mit kältespeicher |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2009529644A JP2009529644A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
| JP5067975B2 true JP5067975B2 (ja) | 2012-11-07 |
Family
ID=38110755
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008557627A Expired - Fee Related JP5067975B2 (ja) | 2006-03-09 | 2007-02-26 | 冷熱貯蔵器を有する熱伝達体 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8464550B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1996890B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5067975B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20080108409A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN101405555B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE102006011327A1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2007101572A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (38)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006051865A1 (de) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-08 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Befüllen eines Kältespeichers von einem Wärmeübertrager |
| DE102008051892A1 (de) * | 2007-10-16 | 2009-05-20 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vorrichtung zur Luftkonditionierung eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
| FR2923901B1 (fr) * | 2007-11-15 | 2010-02-26 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques Branche Thermique Moteur | Dispositif d'echange de chaleur a stockage de frigories |
| JP5274175B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-19 | 2013-08-28 | 株式会社ケーヒン・サーマル・テクノロジー | 蓄冷熱交換器 |
| FR2937718B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-23 | 2013-04-26 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Echangeur de chaleur apte a refroidir un fluide refrigerant qui circule a l'interieur dudit echangeur et comportant au moins un materiau a changement de phase |
| JP5525726B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-26 | 2014-06-18 | 株式会社ケーヒン・サーマル・テクノロジー | 蓄冷機能付きエバポレータ |
| FR2941522B1 (fr) * | 2009-01-27 | 2012-08-31 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Echangeur de chaleur pour deux fluides, en particulier evaporateur de stockage pour dispositif de climatisation |
| US20100223949A1 (en) * | 2009-03-06 | 2010-09-09 | Showa Denko K.K. | Evaporator with cool storage function |
| JP5315094B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-06 | 2013-10-16 | 株式会社ケーヒン・サーマル・テクノロジー | 蓄冷機能付きエバポレータ |
| JP5408017B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-05 | 2014-02-05 | 株式会社デンソー | 蓄冷熱交換器 |
| US9518768B2 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2016-12-13 | Mahle International Gmbh | Evaporator having a phase change material louvered clam shell housing |
| WO2010150774A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-23 | 2010-12-29 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 蓄冷機能付きエバポレータ |
| JP5200045B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-15 | 2013-05-15 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 熱交換器 |
| DE102010043000A1 (de) * | 2010-10-27 | 2012-05-03 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kraftfahrzeugklimaanlage |
| ES2383975B1 (es) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-05-30 | Climetal, S.A. | Evaporador/condensador de microcanales. |
| JP5732592B2 (ja) * | 2011-05-04 | 2015-06-10 | ハラ、ビステオン、クライメイト、コントロール コーポレーション | 蓄冷熱交換器 |
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| DE102011079092A1 (de) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage |
| DE102011086605A1 (de) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-05-23 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Verschließen eines Sammelkastens |
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| US9689594B2 (en) | 2012-07-09 | 2017-06-27 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Evaporator, and method of conditioning air |
| JP2014073781A (ja) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-04-24 | Calsonic Kansei Corp | 蓄冷熱交換器 |
| FR2996630B1 (fr) * | 2012-10-09 | 2014-12-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de realisation d'un echangeur de chaleur contenant un materiau a changement de phase, echangeur obtenu et utilisations aux hautes temperatures. |
| JP6004906B2 (ja) * | 2012-11-15 | 2016-10-12 | 株式会社日本クライメイトシステムズ | 蓄冷機能付きエバポレータ |
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| USD736904S1 (en) * | 2013-02-05 | 2015-08-18 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Heat exchanger |
| FR3007514B1 (fr) * | 2013-06-20 | 2017-12-15 | Valeo Systemes Thermiques | Tube a reservoir de materiau a changement de phases pour faisceau d'echange de chaleur, notamment pour un evaporateur d'un circuit de climatisation d'un vehicule |
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-
2006
- 2006-03-09 DE DE102006011327A patent/DE102006011327A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-02-26 KR KR1020087019069A patent/KR20080108409A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-02-26 US US12/281,704 patent/US8464550B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-26 JP JP2008557627A patent/JP5067975B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-26 WO PCT/EP2007/001616 patent/WO2007101572A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-02-26 CN CN2007800083619A patent/CN101405555B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-02-26 EP EP07722928.4A patent/EP1996890B1/de not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20080108409A (ko) | 2008-12-15 |
| CN101405555B (zh) | 2012-01-25 |
| EP1996890A1 (de) | 2008-12-03 |
| JP2009529644A (ja) | 2009-08-20 |
| US20090007593A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| US8464550B2 (en) | 2013-06-18 |
| EP1996890B1 (de) | 2017-07-26 |
| WO2007101572A1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
| CN101405555A (zh) | 2009-04-08 |
| DE102006011327A1 (de) | 2007-09-13 |
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