JP2017193568A - 制御性b細胞を誘導するための寛容原性合成ナノキャリア - Google Patents
制御性b細胞を誘導するための寛容原性合成ナノキャリア Download PDFInfo
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- JP2017193568A JP2017193568A JP2017129071A JP2017129071A JP2017193568A JP 2017193568 A JP2017193568 A JP 2017193568A JP 2017129071 A JP2017129071 A JP 2017129071A JP 2017129071 A JP2017129071 A JP 2017129071A JP 2017193568 A JP2017193568 A JP 2017193568A
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、米国特許法第119条の下で、2011年4月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願第61/480,946号、2011年7月29日に出願された同第61/513,514号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,147号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,153号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,164号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,168号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,175号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,180号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,194号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,204号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,209号、2011年9月6日に出願された同第61/531,215号の利益を主張するものであり、これらの仮特許出願のそれぞれの内容全体が、参照により本明細書に援用される。
B細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープを含む合成ナノキャリア組成物で免疫抑制剤および抗原を目的の細胞、特に、APCの作用部位に、より直接的に送達することにより、制御性B細胞を刺激し、抗原に特異的な有益な寛容原性免疫応答を起こさせることができる。実施例に示すように、合成ナノキャリア組成物は、IL−10およびTGF−βを産生し、また抗原を認識する(これは応答の抗原特異的性質に言及する)CD24+B細胞を生成するのに有効であることが判明した。さらに、同合成ナノキャリア組成物はIgE産生を低下させることが判明したが、これは制御性B細胞の産生の下流結果を示唆する。特定の理論に拘泥するものではないが、提供される組成物は、制御性細胞の生成、B細胞の制御性表現型へのスイッチなどを引き起こし得る、エピトープの認識の結果として直接、寛容原性免疫効果を提供することができる。寛容原性免疫応答は、サイトカインの産生および/またはこのようなサイトカインにより刺激された他の制御性免疫細胞の産生の結果であってもよい。制御性B細胞の生成はまた、下流寛容原性効果ももたらし得る。例えば、制御性B細胞は、CD4+T細胞などのエフェクターT細胞の増殖能を低下させることができる、および/または制御性T細胞におけるFoxP3およびCTLA−4発現を向上させることができる。制御性B細胞はまた、制御性サイトカイン、IL−10を産生することもできる。複数の実施形態では、本明細書で提供される抗原特異的itDCは、例えば、対象に対してこれらの効果を及ぼし得る。
「投与する(administering)」または「投与(administration)」は、薬理学的に有用な方法で被験体に材料を提供することを意味する。
制御性B細胞を生成する方法および組成物が本明細書で提供される。例えば、制御性B細胞からのIL−10放出は大部分の造血細胞に抗炎症効果および免疫抑制効果を及ぼすため、制御性B細胞は免疫応答を調節すると考えられている。IL−10はまた、単球およびマクロファージによる炎症誘導性サイトカインの産生ならびに抗原特異的CD4+T細胞の増殖を抑制する。特定の理論に拘泥することを望むものではないが、本明細書で提供される組成物は、例えば、ナイーブB細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体と相互作用し、その結果、制御性B細胞の成熟を誘導するまたは制御性B細胞の増殖および/または活性を増加させることにより、in vitroおよび/またはin vivoで制御性B細胞の数および/または活性に影響を及ぼすことができると考えられる。制御性B細胞の数および/または活性に対する効果は、例えば、制御性T細胞の産生および/または活性化などによる、他の制御性細胞の生成または寛容原性免疫応答の惹起の結果であってもよい。
合成ナノキャリアは、当該技術分野において公知の様々な方法を用いて調製され得る。例えば、合成ナノキャリアは、ナノ析出(nanoprecipitation)、流体チャネルを用いたフローフォーカシング(flow focusing)、噴霧乾燥、単一および二重乳化溶媒蒸発、溶媒抽出、相分離、ミリング、マイクロエマルジョン法、マイクロ加工、ナノ加工(nanofabrication)、犠牲層、単純コアセルベーションおよび複合コアセルベーション、並びに当業者に周知の他の方法のような方法によって形成され得る。その代わりにまたはそれに加えて、単分散半導体ナノ材料、伝導性ナノ材料、磁性ナノ材料、有機ナノ材料、および他のナノ材料のための水性および有機溶媒合成が、記載されている(Pellegrino et al.,2005,Small,1:48;Murray et al.,2000,Ann.Rev.Mat.Sci.,30:545;およびTrindade et al.,2001,Chem.Mat.,13:3843)。更なる方法が、文献に記載されている(例えば、Doubrow,Ed.,“Microcapsules and Nanoparticles in Medicine and Pharmacy,” CRC Press,Boca Raton,1992;Mathiowitz et al.,1987,J.Control.Release,5:13;Mathiowitz et al.,1987,Reactive Polymers,6:275;およびMathiowitz et al.,1988,J.Appl.Polymer Sci.,35:755;米国特許第5578325号明細書および同第6007845号明細書;P.Paolicelli et al.,“Surface−modified PLGA−based Nanoparticles that can Efficiently Associate and Deliver Virus−like Particles” Nanomedicine.5(6):843−853(2010)を参照されたい)。
材料
卵白アルブミンタンパク質のT細胞エピトープおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られているアミノ酸17個からなるペプチドである、卵白アルブミンペプチド323〜339は、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;品番4065609)から購入した。ラパマイシンは、TSZ CHEM(185 Wilson Street,Framingham,MA 01702;製品カタログ番号R1017)から購入した。ラクチド:グリコリド比3:1および固有粘度0.75dL/gのPLGAは、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解)は、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
まず、一次油中水型エマルションを調製した。溶液1(0.2mL)、溶液2(0.2mL)、および溶液3(1.0mL)を小さい圧力管内で混合し、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を使用して50%の振幅で40秒間音波処理することにより、W1/O1を調製した。次いで、溶液4(3.0mL)を一次W1/O1エマルションと混合し、10秒間ボルテックスし、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を使用して30%の振幅で60秒間音波処理することにより二次エマルション(W1/O1/W2)を調製した。
まず、一次油中水型エマルションを調製した。0.13M塩酸溶液(0.2mL)、溶液2(0.2mL)、および溶液3(1.0mL)を小さい圧力管内で混合し、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を使用して50%の振幅で40秒間音波処理することにより、W1/O1を調製した。次いで、溶液4(3.0mL)を一次W1/O1エマルションと混合し、10秒間ボルテックスし、Branson Digital Sonifier 250を使用して30%の振幅で60秒間音波処理することにより、二次エマルション(W1/O1/W2)を調製した。
合成ナノキャリア約3mgを回収し、遠心分離して合成ナノキャリアペレットから上清を分離した。アセトニトリルをペレットに添加し、試料を音波処理し、遠心分離して不溶性物質を除去した。上清とペレットをRP−HPLCに注入し、278nmで吸光度を読み取った。ペレット中の実測μgを使用して、封入%(負荷)を算出し、上清およびペレット中のμgを使用して、全回収μgを算出した。
合成ナノキャリア約3mgを回収し、遠心分離して合成ナノキャリアペレットから上清を分離した。トリフルオロエタノールをペレットに添加し、試料を音波処理してポリマーを溶解し、0.2%トリフルオロ酢酸を添加し、試料を音波処理した後、遠心分離して不溶性物質を除去した。上清とペレットをRP−HPLCに注入し、215nmで吸光度を読み取った。ペレット中の実測μgを使用して、封入%(負荷)を算出し、上清およびペレット中のμgを使用して、全回収μgを算出した。
本アッセイは、免疫優性卵白アルブミン(323〜339)に特異的なトランスジェニックT細胞受容体を有するOTIIマウスの使用を含んだ。抗原特異的tDCを作製するために、CD11c+脾細胞を単離し、1μg/mlの卵白アルブミン(323〜339)ペプチドをin vitroで添加したまたは抗原を添加しなかった。次いで、可溶性またはナノキャリア封入ラパマイシンをDCに2時間添加し、次いで、それを十分に洗浄して、培養物から遊離ラパマイシンを除去した。精製されたレスポンダーCD4+CD25−細胞をOTIIマウスから単離し、tDCに10:1のT対DC比で添加した。次いで、tDCとOTII T細胞の混合物を4〜5日間培養し、図1に示すようにフローサイトメトリーでTreg細胞(CD4+CD25highFoxP3+)の頻度を解析した。領域は、アイソタイプ対照に基づいて選択した。
メソ多孔質SiO2ナノ粒子コアを、ゾル・ゲル法によって生成する。ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)(0.5g)を、脱イオン水(500mL)に溶解させ、次に、2MのNaOH水溶液(3.5mL)を、CTAB溶液に加える。溶液を30分間撹拌し、次に、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)(2.5mL)を溶液に加える。得られたゲルを、80℃の温度で3時間撹拌する。生じる白色の沈殿物を、ろ過によって捕捉した後、脱イオン水で洗浄し、室温で乾燥させる。次に、残っている界面活性剤を、HClのエタノール溶液中で一晩懸濁させることによって粒子から抽出する。粒子を、エタノールで洗浄し、遠心分離し、超音波処理により再分散させる。この洗浄手順を更に2回繰り返す。
リポソームを、薄膜水和(thin film hydration)を用いて形成する。1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DPPC)(32μmol)、コレステロール(32μmol)、およびシクロスポリンA(6.4μmol)を、純粋なクロロホルム(3mL)に溶解させる。この脂質溶液を、50mLの丸底フラスコに加え、溶媒を、60℃の温度でロータリーエバポレータにおいて蒸発させる。次に、フラスコを、窒素ガスでフラッシュして、残りの溶媒を除去する。リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(2mL)および5つのガラスビーズをフラスコに加え、60℃で1時間振とうすることによって脂質膜を水和して、懸濁液を形成する。懸濁液を小型の圧力管に移し、各パルス間に30秒の遅延を伴う30秒のパルスの4回のサイクルにわたって、60℃で、超音波で分解する。次に、懸濁液を室温で2時間そのままにしておき、完全に水和させる。リポソームを、遠心分離によって洗浄した後、新鮮なリン酸緩衝生理食塩水に再懸濁させる。
PLGA−ラパマイシンコンジュゲートの調製:
酸性末端基を有するPLGAポリマー(7525 DLG1A、酸価0.46mmol/g、Lakeshore Biomaterials;5g、2.3mmol、1.0当量)を、30mLのジクロロメタン(DCM)に溶解させる。N,N−ジシクロヘキシルカルボジイミド(1.2当量、2.8mmol、0.57g)を加えた後、ラパマイシン(1.0当量、2.3mmol、2.1g)および4−ジメチルアミノピリジン(DMAP)(2.0当量、4.6mmol、0.56g)を加える。混合物を室温で2日間撹拌する。次に、混合物をろ過して、不溶性ジシクロヘキシル尿素を除去する。ろ液を、約10mLの体積に濃縮し、100mLのイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)に加えて、PLGA−ラパマイシンコンジュゲートを析出させる。IPA層を除去し、次に、ポリマーを、50mLのIPAおよび50mLのメチルt−ブチルエーテル(MTBE)で洗浄する。次に、ポリマーを、35Cで2日間、真空下で乾燥させて、白色の固体としてPLGA−ラパマイシン(約6.5g)を得る。
PLGA−ラパマイシンを含有するナノキャリアを、実施例1に記載される手順に従って、以下のとおりに調製する:
ナノキャリア形成のための溶液を以下のとおりに調製する:
溶液1:希塩酸水溶液中20mg/mLのオボアルブミンペプチド323−339。オボアルブミンペプチドを0.13Mの塩酸溶液に室温で溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液2:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLGA−ラパマイシン。LGA−ラパマイシンを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液3:塩化メチレン中100mg/mLのPLA−PEG。PLA−PEGを純粋な塩化メチレンに溶解させることによって溶液を調製する。溶液4:100mMのpH8のリン酸緩衝液中50mg/mLのポリビニルアルコール。
HS−PEG−ラパマイシンの調製:
乾燥DMF中のPEG酸ジスルフィド(1.0当量)、ラパマイシン(2.0〜2.5当量)、DCC(2.5当量)およびDMAP(3.0当量)の溶液を、室温で一晩撹拌する。不溶性ジシクロヘキシル尿素を、ろ過によって除去し、ろ液をイソプロピルアルコール(IPA)に加えて、PEG−ジスルフィド−ジ−ラパマイシンエステルを析出させ、IPAで洗浄し、乾燥させる。次に、ポリマーを、DMF中のトリス(2−カルボキシエチル)ホスフィン塩酸塩で処理して、PEGジスルフィドを還元して、チオールPEGラパマイシンエステル(HS−PEG−ラパマイシン)にする。得られたポリマーを、IPAからの沈殿によって回収し、上述されるように乾燥させ、H NMRおよびGPCによって分析する。
500mLの1mMのHAuCl4の水溶液を、凝縮器を備えた1Lの丸底フラスコ中で激しく撹拌しながら、10分間加熱還流させる。次に、50mLの40mMのクエン酸三ナトリウムの溶液を、撹拌溶液に素早く加える。得られた濃いワインレッドの溶液を、25〜30分間還流状態に保ち、熱を取り除いて、溶液を室温に冷ます。次に、溶液を、0.8μmの薄膜フィルタを通してろ過して、AuNC溶液を得る。AuNCを、可視分光法および透過電子顕微鏡法を用いて特性評価する。AuNCは、直径が約20nmであり、クエン酸塩でキャッピングされ、520nmでピーク吸収を有する。
150μlのHS−PEG−ラパマイシン(10mMのpH9.0の炭酸緩衝液中10μΜ)の溶液を、1mLの20nmの直径のクエン酸塩でキャッピングされた金ナノキャリア(1.16nM)に加えて、2500:1のチオール対金のモル比を得る。混合物を、アルゴン下で、室温で1時間撹拌して、金ナノキャリア上でチオールとクエン酸塩との完全な交換を可能にする。次に、表面におけるPEG−ラパマイシンと複合したAuNCを、12,000gで30分間の遠心分離によって精製する。上清をデカントし、次に、AuNC−S−PEG−ラパマイシンを含有するペレットを、1×PBS緩衝液で洗浄する。次に、精製された金−PEG−ラパマイシンナノキャリアを、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのために、好適な緩衝液に再懸濁させる。
メソ多孔質SiO2ナノ粒子コアを、ゾル・ゲル法によって生成する。ヘキサデシルトリメチルアンモニウムブロミド(CTAB)(0.5g)を、脱イオン水(500mL)に溶解させ、次に、2MのNaOH水溶液(3.5mL)を、CTAB溶液に加える。溶液を30分間撹拌し、次に、テトラエトキシシラン(TEOS)(2.5mL)を溶液に加える。得られたゲルを、80℃の温度で3時間撹拌する。生じる白色の沈殿物を、ろ過によって捕捉した後、脱イオン水で洗浄し、室温で乾燥させる。次に、残っている界面活性剤を、HClのエタノール溶液中で一晩懸濁させることによって粒子から抽出する。粒子を、エタノールで洗浄し、遠心分離し、超音波処理により再分散させる。この洗浄手順を更に2回繰り返す。
リポソームを、薄膜水和によって形成する。1,2−ジパルミトイル−sn−グリセロ−3−ホスホコリン(DPPC)(32μmol)、コレステロール(32μmol)、およびラパマイシン(6.4μmol)を、純粋なクロロホルム(3mL)に溶解させる。この脂質溶液を、10mLのガラス管に加え、溶媒を窒素ガス流下で除去し、真空下で6時間乾燥させる。過剰量のオボアルブミンを含有する2.0mlの25mMのMOPS緩衝液(pH8.5)による薄膜の水和によって、多重膜ベシクルを得る。脂質薄膜が管表面から剥がれるまで、管をボルテックスする。多重膜ベシクルを単層膜へと分解するために、10回のサイクルの凍結(液体窒素)および解凍(30℃の水浴)を行う。次に、試料を25mMのMOPS緩衝液(pH8.5)中で1mlまで希釈する。200nmの細孔のポリカーボネートフィルタに試料を10回通すことによって、得られたリポソームのサイズを、押出しによって均一にする。次に、得られたリポソームを、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのために使用する。
工程1。L−フェニルアラニンエチルエステル(L−PAE)で修飾されたポリ(γ−グルタミン酸)(γ−PGA)の調製:4.7mmol単位のγ−PGA(Mn=300kD)を、0.3NのNaHCO3水溶液(50mL)に溶解させる。L−PAE(4.7mmol)およびEDC.HCl(4.7mmol)を溶液に加え、4Cで30分間撹拌する。次に、溶液を24時間撹拌しながら室温に維持する。低分子量の化学物質を、50kDのMWCOを有する透析膜を用いて透析によって除去する。得られたγ−PGA−グラフト−L−PAEは、凍結乾燥によって得られる。
EPO封入γ−PGAナノ粒子を調製するために、0.25〜4mgのEPOを、1mLのPBS(pH7.4)に溶解させ、1mLのγ−PGA−グラフト−L−PAE(DMSO中10mg/mL)をEPO溶液に加える。得られた溶液を、14,000×gで15分間遠心分離し、PBSで繰り返しすすぐ。次に、得られたEPO封入γ−PGAナノ粒子を、更なる分析およびバイオアッセイのためにPBS(5mg/mL)に再懸濁させる。
工程1。金NC(AuNC)の形成:500mLの1mMのHAuCl4の水溶液を、凝縮器を備えた1Lの丸底フラスコ中で激しく撹拌しながら、10分間加熱還流させる。次に、50mLの40mMのクエン酸三ナトリウムの溶液を、撹拌溶液に素早く加える。得られた濃いワインレッドの溶液を、25〜30分間還流状態に保ち、熱を取り除いて、溶液を室温に冷ます。次に、溶液を、0.8μmの薄膜フィルタを通してろ過して、AuNC溶液を得る。AuNCを、可視分光法および透過電子顕微鏡法を用いて特性評価する。AuNCは、直径が約20nmであり、クエン酸塩でキャッピングされ、520nmでピーク吸収を有する。
Balb/cマウスを不完全フロイントアジュバント中の抗原で免疫化して、制御性B細胞の増殖レベルを評価する。その後、本発明の組成物を用量依存的に皮下投与する。次いで、同じマウスを抗原に再度暴露し、制御性B細胞の増殖レベルを再度評価する。次いで、制御性B細胞の増殖の変化を監視するが、後で抗原で攻撃した時の増加は、寛容原性免疫応答を示す。
制御性B細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体を含む細胞集団を、本明細書で提供される組成物とin vitroで接触させる。組成物が細胞集団中の制御性B細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体と相互作用するのに十分な時間経過した後、制御性B細胞数の増加が予想される。細胞集団中の制御性B細胞数の増加に十分な時間は、ある実施形態では、約1日間、約2日間、約3日間、約4日間、約5日間、約6日間、約1週間、約2週間、約3週間、または約4週間である。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞数は、その時間経過した後、例えば、集団中の制御性B細胞の元の総数または相対数と比較して、少なくとも約5倍、少なくとも約10倍、少なくとも約20倍、少なくとも約50倍、少なくとも約100倍、少なくとも約1,000倍、少なくとも約10,000倍、少なくとも約100,000倍、または少なくとも約1,000,000倍まで増加する。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞数は、その時間経過した後、例えば、集団中の全細胞のまたは細胞集団中のリンパ球の約1%、約5%、約10%、約15%、約20%、約25%、約30%、約40%、約50%、約75%、約90%、または約95%まで増加する。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞は、接触前には細胞集団に存在しないが、接触後は存在する。
制御性B細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体を含む細胞集団を、本明細書で提供される組成物とin vivoで接触させる。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体を含む細胞集団を有する対象に組成物を投与する。組成物が対象の制御性B細胞または制御性B細胞前駆体と相互作用するのに十分な時間経過した後、制御性B細胞数の増加が予想される。細胞集団中の制御性B細胞数の増加に十分な時間は、ある実施形態では、約1日間、約2日間、約3日間、約4日間、約5日間、約6日間、約1週間、約2週間、約3週間、または約4週間である。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞数の増加をもたらすのに十分な時間は、4週間より長い。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞数は、その時間経過した後、対象の制御性B細胞の元の総数または相対数と比較して、少なくとも約5倍、少なくとも約10倍、少なくとも約20倍、少なくとも約50倍、少なくとも約100倍、少なくとも約1,000倍、少なくとも約10,000倍、少なくとも約100,000倍、または少なくとも約1,000,000倍まで増加する。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞数は、その時間経過した後、例えば、対象の全細胞のまたは対象のリンパ球集団の約1%、約5%、約10%、約15%、約20%、約25%、約30%、約40%、約50%、約75%、約90%、または約95%まで増加する。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞は、投与前には対象に存在しないが、投与後は存在する。
対象が骨髄移植を受ける4週間前に、免疫抑制剤と骨髄細胞から得られたまたは誘導された抗原とを含む少なくとも106個の合成ナノキャリアの集団を対象に皮下投与する。対象が移植を受けた後、対象における所望の免疫応答の惹起を、移植を受けた後最初の1週間は毎日1回、その後、次の3週間は毎週1回、その後、次の11ヶ月間は毎月1回評価する。評価の一部として、制御性B細胞数を計数し、骨髄移植体または合成ナノキャリアを対象に投与する前に計数した制御性B細胞数と比較する。最初の1年間、維持量の合成ナノキャリアを1ヶ月おきに対象に投与する。対象は、より高レベルまたは所望のレベルの、骨髄移植体に特異的な制御性B細胞を示すことが予想される。
ナノキャリア
卵白アルブミンタンパク質のT細胞エピトープおよびB細胞エピトープであることが知られているアミノ酸17個からなるペプチドである、卵白アルブミンペプチド323〜339は、Bachem Americas Inc.(3132 Kashiwa Street,Torrance CA 90505;品番4065609)から購入した。ラクチド:グリコリド比3:1および固有粘度0.75dL/gのPLGAは、SurModics Pharmaceuticals(756 Tom Martin Drive,Birmingham,AL 35211;製品コード7525 DLG 7A)から購入した。約5,000DaのPEGブロックと約20,000DaのPLAブロックとを有するPLA−PEGブロック共重合体は合成した。ポリビニルアルコール(85〜89%加水分解)は、EMD Chemicals(製品番号1.41350.1001)から購入した。
ナノキャリアを解凍し、平衡化させた。初期希釈物は10×原液であり、これをさらに希釈してOVA323〜339中100μg/mlの濃度または1×溶液にした。この1×溶液をi.v.注射1回当たり200μlで注射に使用した。動物をOVAタンパク質(OVA)で免疫化し、OVA323〜339ペプチドで処置した。免疫経路は次の通りであった:免疫学的にナイーブの雌性Balb/Cマウス各1匹当たり400μl中OVA10μg+アラム4mgを腹腔内投与。実験群はそれぞれ動物5匹からなった。脾臓細胞を、CFSEまたはCTOを使用して抗原で再刺激し、Ag特異的増殖の量を測定した。
卵白アルブミン反応性IL−10分泌B細胞の頻度をフローサイトメトリーで算出した。実験動物の脾細胞を、長期細胞標識に好適なチオール反応性蛍光プローブであるCFSEで染色し、完全培地中、37℃、5%CO2で、卵白アルブミンタンパク質と共に3日間培養した。3日目に、標準的方法およびキットを使用する細胞内染色で、異なるサイトカインを分泌する細胞の能力を評価した。簡潔に言えば、細胞を酢酸ミリスチン酸ホルボール(PMA)およびイオノマイシンで2時間再刺激し、タンパク質輸送をさらに4時間遮断した。抗体の非特異的結合を抗CD16/32抗体で遮断した後、B細胞を特異的に認識する特異的な標識抗体(CD45R(B220)およびCD19)で染色した。パラホルムアルデヒドで固定した後、細胞を透過化処理し、モノクローナル抗体を細胞内に透過させ、細胞内エピトープ(サイトカイン)を標識した。示差CFSE染色を比較することによりB220+CD19+である脾細胞の増殖を評価し、IL−10分泌細胞の割合を求めた。
MDBioproductsにより提供されるMouse OVA−IgE ELISAキット(カタログ番号M036005)を使用し、製造業者の指示に従ってIgE抗体を測定した。
図2は、OVA323〜339と免疫抑制剤とを含む合成ナノキャリアで処置した動物対象からの洗浄液試料中での制御性B細胞の生成におけるナノキャリアの有効性を実証する。図は、本発明の合成ナノキャリアで処置した結果、抗原特異的CD24+B細胞によりIL−10およびTGF−βが産生したことを実証する。図3は、本発明の合成ナノキャリアでIgEの産生が低下することを示す。
対象に本明細書に記載の合成ナノキャリア組成物を投与した後、対象から得られた生物試料から、例えば、末梢血からBregを単離する。通常、生物試料は、投与されたitDCがBregを誘導するのに十分な時間が経過した後、対象から得られる。Bregは、生物試料から、例えば、白血球から、ネガティブセレクションおよび/またはポジティブセレクションにより単離される。例えば、遠心分離により全血の細胞分画を得、赤血球溶解バッファを使用して赤血球を溶解する。溶解後、末梢血単核球からCD4+細胞およびCD8+T細胞を除去する。その後、本明細書の他の箇所に記載されるまたはさもなければ当該技術分野で公知のマーカーのポジティブセレクションによりBregを高濃度化する。幾つかの実施形態では、制御性B細胞の単離は、これらのマーカーの1種以上を認識するためのビオチン化抗体と抗ビオチン磁気ビーズのカクテルで行われる。
Claims (60)
- (i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団と、
(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープを含むように結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団と、
を含む組成物を対象に投与する工程、
を含む方法であって、
前記組成物が前記対象の抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成するのに有効な量で投与される方法。 - (i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団と、
(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団と、
を含む組成物を投与することにより、対象の抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成する工程、
を含む方法。 - 1人以上の被験者で抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成することが以前示されたプロトコルに従って対象に組成物を投与する工程、
を含む方法であって、
前記組成物が
(i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団と、
(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団と、
を含む方法。 - 前記組成物が、前記対象の抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成するのに有効な量で投与される、請求項2または3に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団と前記第2の集団とが同じ集団である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象を提供する工程または同定する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記抗原が、治療用タンパク質、自己抗原もしくはアレルゲンであるか、または炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、臓器もしくは組織拒絶反応、もしくは移植片対宿主病に関連する、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記組成物の投与前および/または投与後に前記対象における抗原特異的制御性B細胞の生成を評価する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、炎症性疾患、自己免疫疾患、アレルギー、臓器もしくは組織拒絶反応、または移植片対宿主病を有するまたは有するリスクがある、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、移植を受けるまたは受けることになる、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、前記対象に投与されているまたは投与されることになる治療用タンパク質に対する望ましくない免疫応答を有する、または有するリスクがある、請求項1〜8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団および第2の集団を含む前記組成物の1つ以上の維持量が前記対象に投与される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、静脈内投与、腹腔内投与、経粘膜投与、経口投与、皮下投与、経肺投与、鼻腔内投与、皮内投与、または筋肉内投与による、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記投与が、吸入または静脈内投与、皮下投与または経粘膜投与による、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記生成した抗原特異的制御性B細胞を回収する工程をさらに含む、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記免疫抑制剤が、スタチン、mTOR阻害剤、TGF−βシグナル伝達剤、コルチコステロイド、ミトコンドリア機能阻害剤、P38阻害剤、NF−κβ阻害剤、アデノシン受容体作動薬、プロスタグランジンE2作動薬、ホスホジエステラーゼ4阻害剤、HDAC阻害剤またはプロテアソーム阻害剤を含む、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記mTOR阻害剤がラパマイシンである、請求項16に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1および/または第2の集団全体での平均の前記免疫抑制剤および/またはエピトープの負荷が0.0001%〜50%(重量/重量)である、請求項1〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1および/または第2の集団全体での平均の前記免疫抑制剤および/またはエピトープの負荷が、0.1%〜10%(重量/重量)である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアが、脂質ナノ粒子、ポリマーナノ粒子、金属ナノ粒子、界面活性剤ベースのエマルション、デンドリマー、バッキーボール、ナノワイヤ、ウイルス様粒子、またはペプチドもしくはタンパク質粒子を含む、請求項1〜19のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアが、脂質ナノ粒子を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアが、リポソームを含む、請求項21に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアが、金属ナノ粒子を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記金属ナノ粒子が金ナノ粒子を含む、請求項23に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアが、ポリマーナノ粒子を含む、請求項20に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーナノ粒子が、非メトキシ末端プルロニックポリマーであるポリマーを含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーナノ粒子が、ポリエステル、ポリエーテルに結合したポリエステル、ポリアミノ酸、ポリカーボネート、ポリアセタール、ポリケタール、多糖類、ポリエチルオキサゾリン、またはポリエチレンイミンを含む、請求項25または26に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエステルが、ポリ(乳酸)、ポリ(グリコール酸)、ポリ(乳酸−co−グリコール酸)、またはポリカプロラクトンを含む、請求項27に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーナノ粒子が、ポリエステルおよびポリエーテルに結合したポリエステルを含む、請求項27または28に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリエーテルが、ポリエチレングリコールまたはポリプロピレングリコールを含む、請求項27〜29のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記第1および/または第2の集団の合成ナノキャリアの動的光散乱を使用して得られる粒度分布の平均が、直径100nmを超える、請求項1〜30のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記直径が150nmを超える、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記直径が200nmを超える、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記直径が250nmを超える、請求項33に記載の方法。
- 前記直径が300nmを超える、請求項34に記載の方法。
- 前記第1の集団および/または第2の集団の前記合成ナノキャリアのアスペクト比が、1:1、1:1.2、1:1.5、1:2、1:3、1:5、1:7または1:10より大きい、請求項1〜35のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記回収された抗原特異的制御性B細胞を含む剤形を製造する工程をさらに含む、請求項15〜36のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記回収された抗原特異的制御性B細胞または剤形を対象に投与できるようにする工程をさらに含む、請求項15〜37のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団がMHCクラスI拘束性エピトープにも結合している、請求項1〜38のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って製造される、単離された抗原特異的制御性B細胞を含む組成物。
- 請求項1〜39のいずれか一項に記載の方法に従って製造される組成物を含む組成物。
- 前記組成物が、薬学的に許容される医薬品添加物をさらに含む、請求項40または41に記載の組成物。
- 請求項40〜42のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む剤形。
- 治療または予防に使用される単離された抗原特異的制御性B細胞を含む組成物であって、前記単離された抗原特異的制御性B細胞が、(a)(i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団と、(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団とを含む組成物を投与することにより、対象の抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成する工程、および(b)前記生成した抗原特異的制御性B細胞を回収する工程を含むプロセスにより得ることができる組成物。
- 請求項40〜42のいずれか一項に記載の通りである、請求項44に記載の組成物。
- (i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団と、(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団とを含む、治療または予防用組成物。
- 前記組成物が請求項1〜39のいずれか一項に記載の通りである、請求項46に記載の組成物。
- 治療または予防に使用される、請求項40〜42のいずれか一項に記載のもしくは請求項1〜39もしくは請求項44のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、または請求項43に記載の剤形。
- 対象における寛容原性免疫応答の促進または抗原特異的制御性B細胞の生成に使用される、請求項40〜42のいずれか一項に記載のもしくは請求項1〜39もしくは請求項44のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、または請求項43に記載の剤形。
- 対象における寛容原性免疫応答の促進または抗原特異的制御性B細胞の生成に使用される医薬を製造するための、請求項40〜42のいずれか一項に記載のもしくは請求項1〜39もしくは請求項44のいずれか一項に記載の組成物、または請求項43に記載の剤形の使用。
- 請求項44〜49のいずれか一項に記載の組成物を含む剤形。
- (i)免疫抑制剤に結合した合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団を製造する工程と、
(ii)抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合した合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団を製造する工程と、
を含み、前記組成物が対象の抗原特異的制御性B細胞を生成するのに有効な量で投与される方法。 - 前記第1の集団と第2の集団とが同じ集団である、請求項52に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団および第2の集団を含む剤形を製造する工程をさらに含む、請求項52または53に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団および第2の集団を含む組成物または前記剤形を対象に投与できるようにする工程をさらに含む、請求項52〜54のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団および第2の集団を含む組成物での抗原特異的制御性B細胞の生成を評価する工程をさらに含む、請求項52〜55のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記製造される合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団および第2の集団が、請求項1〜39のいずれか一項に記載の通りである、請求項52〜56のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- (i)合成ナノキャリアの第1の集団を免疫抑制剤に結合させる工程と、
(ii)合成ナノキャリアの第2の集団を抗原のB細胞エピトープおよび/またはMHCクラスII拘束性エピトープに結合させる工程と、
を含む組成物または剤形の製造プロセスであって、前記組成物または剤形が対象の制御性B細胞を生成するのに有効な量で投与されるプロセス。 - 請求項52〜57のいずれか一項に記載の方法に記載されている工程を含む、請求項58に記載のプロセス。
- 請求項52〜59のいずれか一項に記載の方法またはプロセスにより得ることができる組成物または剤形。
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