JP2014058561A - 癌を処置するための治療剤の組合せ - Google Patents
癌を処置するための治療剤の組合せ Download PDFInfo
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- JP2014058561A JP2014058561A JP2013253326A JP2013253326A JP2014058561A JP 2014058561 A JP2014058561 A JP 2014058561A JP 2013253326 A JP2013253326 A JP 2013253326A JP 2013253326 A JP2013253326 A JP 2013253326A JP 2014058561 A JP2014058561 A JP 2014058561A
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- rapamycin
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Abstract
【解決手段】増殖性疾患の予防または処置のための同時、併用、個別または逐次使用のための、mTOR阻害化合物と1種以上の薬学的活性剤の組合せ剤。
【選択図】図1
Description
ラパマイシンおよびラパマイシン誘導体は、mTOR活性の阻害剤であり、多様な生物学的活性を示す。活性成分の種々の組合せが、抗腫瘍作用を増大し得ることも公知である。故に、ラパマイシンおよびラパマイシン誘導体、とりわけ40−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ラパマイシンの新規組合せ剤が引き続き必要とされている。
1つの局面において、本発明は、
(a)mTOR阻害剤;ならびに
(b)1種以上の薬学的活性剤
を含む、組合せ剤を提供する。
(a)mTOR阻害剤;
(b)薬学的活性剤;および
(c)薬学的に許容される担体
を含む、医薬組成物を提供する。
(a)mTOR阻害剤の製剤;および
(b)薬学的活性剤の製剤
を含む、販売用パッケージまたは製品を提供する。
−mTOR阻害化合物および1種以上の薬学的活性剤、併用投与のための指示書を含む、医薬パッケージ;
−mTOR阻害化合物、1種以上の薬学的活性剤との併用投与のための指示書を含む、医薬パッケージ;
−1種以上の薬学的活性剤、mTOR阻害化合物との併用投与のための指示書を含む、医薬パッケージ;
を提供する。
(a)mTOR阻害剤;および
(b)1種以上の薬学的活性剤
を含む組合せ剤を用いて、予防または処置する方法を提供する。
I.mTOR阻害剤
該阻害剤の詳細な説明
本明細書で用いる用語“mTOR阻害剤”には、mTORキナーゼファミリーのメンバーの活性を標的とし/阻害する化合物、タンパク質または抗体が含まれるが、それらに限定されない。
で示されるラパマイシンならびにラパマイシン誘導体、例えば、
40−O−置換ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば
40−O−アルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば40−O−ヒドロキシアルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば40−O−(2−ヒドロキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシン(エベロリムス)、
16−O−置換ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば16−ペント−2−イニルオキシ−32−デオキソラパマイシン、16−ペント−2−イニルオキシ−32(SまたはR)−ジヒドロ−ラパマイシン、16−ペント−2−イニルオキシ−32(SまたはR)−ジヒドロ−40−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−ラパマイシン、
40位の酸素基にてアシル化されるラパマイシン誘導体、例えば40−[3−ヒドロキシ−2−(ヒドロキシ−メチル)−2−プロピオン酸メチル]−ラパマイシン(CCI779としても公知)、
ヘテロシクリルにより40位にて置換されるラパマイシン誘導体、例えば40−エピ−(テトラゾリル)−ラパマイシン(ABT578としても公知)、
例えばWO9802441またはWO0114387に記載の、いわゆるラパログ、例えば40−O−ホスホ−含有ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば40−O−ジメチルホスフィニル−ラパマイシン(AP23573を含む)、ならびに
40−O−アルコキシ−アルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、例えば商品名バイオリムス(バイオリムスA9の下に開示される化合物(40−O−(2−エトキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシンを含む)、および商品名TAFA−93、AP23464、AP23675またはAP23841の下に開示される化合物;
好ましくは、40−O−(2−ヒドロキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシン、CCI779、ABT578またはAP23573、
より好ましくは、40−O−(2−ヒドロキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシン(エベロリムス)、が含まれる。
[式中、
R1は、CH3またはC3−6アルキニルであり、
R2は、Hまたは−CH2−CH2−OHであり、そして
Xは、=O、(H,H)または(H,OH)である。
ただし、Xが=Oであり、R1がCH3であるとき、R2はH以外である。]
で示される化合物を含む。
用語“薬学的活性剤”は、様々な作用機序を有する多くの薬学的活性剤を含む幅広いものである。これらのいくつかとmTOR阻害剤の組合せ剤は、癌治療における改善をもたらし得る。一般的に、薬学的活性剤は、作用機序に従って分類される。市販薬の多くは、様々な腫瘍の発生経路の代謝拮抗剤であるか、または腫瘍細胞のDNAと反応する。また、トポイソメラーゼIおよびトポイソメラーゼIIのような酵素を阻害する薬剤、または抗分裂剤(antimiotic agent)もある。
i.ステロイド;
ii.アデノシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
iii.アジュバント;
iv.副腎皮質アンタゴニスト;
v.AKT経路阻害剤;
vi.アルキル化剤;
vii.血管形成阻害剤;
viii.抗アンドロゲン;
ix.抗エストロゲン;
x.抗高カルシウム血症剤;
xi.代謝拮抗剤;
xii.アポトーシス誘導剤;
xiii.オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤;
xiv.ブルトンチロシンキナーゼ(BTK)阻害剤;
xv.カルシニューリン阻害剤;
xvi.CaMキナーゼII阻害剤;
xvii.CD45チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;
xviii.CDC25ホスファターゼ阻害剤;
xix.CHKキナーゼ阻害剤;
xx.ゲニステイン、オロモウシン(olomucine)および/またはチルホスチンを調節するための制御剤;
xxi.シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤;
xxii.cRAFキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxiii.サイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxiv.システインプロテアーゼ阻害剤;
xxv.DNA挿入剤;
xxvi.DNA鎖破壊剤;
xxvii.E3リガーゼ阻害剤;
xxviii.内分泌ホルモン;
xxix.上皮細胞増殖因子ファミリーの活性を標的とし、低下させる、または阻害する化合物;
xxx.EGFR、PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxi.ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;
xxxii.Flk−1キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxiv.ヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)阻害剤;
xxxv.HSP90阻害剤;
xxxvi.I−κ B−α キナーゼ阻害剤(IKK);
xxxvii.インスリン受容体チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxviii.c−Jun N末端キナーゼ(JNK)キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxix.微小管結合剤;
xl.マイトージェン活性化タンパク質(MAP)キナーゼ−阻害剤;
xli.MDM2阻害剤;
xlii.MEK阻害剤;
xliii.マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤(MMP)阻害剤;
xliv.NGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlv.SAPK2/p38キナーゼ阻害剤を含む、p38MAPキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlvi.p56チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlvii.PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlviii.ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;
xlix.ホスファターゼ阻害剤;
l.白金物質;
li.PP1およびPP2阻害剤を含むタンパク質ホスファターゼ阻害剤、ならびにチロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;
lii.PKC阻害剤およびPKCδキナーゼ阻害剤;
liii.ポリアミン合成阻害剤;
liv.プロテオソーム阻害剤;
lv.PTP1B阻害剤;
lvi.SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;Sykチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;および、JAK−2および/またはJAK−3チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤を含む、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lvii.レチノイド;
lviii.RNAポリメラーゼII伸張阻害剤;
lix.セリン/スレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lx.ステロール生合成阻害剤;
lxi.トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤;
lxii.VEGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lxiii.ゴナドレリンアゴニスト、
lxiv.細胞分化過程を誘導する化合物;
lxv.ビスホスホネート;
lxvi.ヘパラナーゼ阻害剤;
lxvii.生物学的反応修飾剤;
lxviii.テロメラーゼ阻害剤;
lxix.カテコール−O−メチルトランスフェラーゼの阻害剤;
lxx.白血球受容体に対する免疫抑制性モノクローナル抗体;
lxxi.ソマトスタチンまたはソマトスタチン類似体;
lxxii.成長ホルモン受容体アンタゴニスト;
lxxiii.白血病(AML)処置に有用なモノクローナル抗体;
lxxiv.癌胎児性抗原(CEA)に対する抗体、
lxxv.ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤、
lxxvi.癌ワクチン、
lxxvii.キネシン紡錘体タンパク質(KSP)の阻害剤、
lxxviii.腫瘍増殖および血管形成と関係する多数の受容体チロシンキナーゼの阻害剤、
lxxix.合成非ステロイド系エストロゲン、
lxxx.細胞毒性抗新生物剤、
lxxxi.CTLA4の細胞外ドメインの少なくとも一部またはその変異体を有する組み換え結合分子
が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
本明細書で用いる用語“アデノシンキナーゼ阻害剤”は、核酸塩基、ヌクレオシド、ヌクレオチドおよび核酸代謝を標的とし、低下させる、または阻害する化合物に関する。アデノシンキナーゼ阻害剤の例には、7H−ピロロ[2,3−d]ピリミジン−4−アミン、5−ヨード−7−β−D−リボフラノシル−(9Cl)としても公知の、5−ヨードツベルシジン(lodotubercidin)が含まれる。
−CD20に対する抗体、例えばリツキシマブ(リツキサン(登録商標)、111Inまたは90Yと共役したイブリツモマブチウキタセン(Zevalin(登録商標))、131Iトシツモマブ(tositumumab)(Bexxar(登録商標))、オファツムマブ、オクレリツマブ、hA20(Immunomedics)、
−CD22に対する抗体、例えばエピラツズマブ、イノチズマブ(inotizumab)オゾガマイシン(CMC544)、CAT−3888、
−CD33に対する抗体、例えばゲムツズマブ(Mylotarg(登録商標)、
−CD52に対する抗体、例えばアレムツズマブ(Campath−I(登録商標))、
−CD11aに対する抗体、例えばエファリズマブ(Raptiva(登録商標))、および
−CD3に対する抗体、例えばビシリズマブ
が含まれるが、これらに限定されない。
本発明は、
(a)mTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)薬学的活性剤、の組合せ剤に関する。
(a)mTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)ステロイド、アデノシンキナーゼ阻害剤;アジュバント;副腎皮質アンタゴニスト;AKT経路阻害剤;アルキル化剤;血管形成阻害剤;抗アンドロゲン;抗エストロゲン;抗高カルシウム血症剤;代謝拮抗剤;アポトーシス誘導剤;オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤;ブルトンのチロシンキナーゼ(BTK)阻害剤;カルシニューリン阻害剤;CaMキナーゼII阻害剤;CD45チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;CDC25ホスファターゼ阻害剤;CHKキナーゼ阻害剤;ゲニステイン、オロモウシンおよび/またはチルホスチンを調節するための制御剤;シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤;cRAFキナーゼ阻害剤;サイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害剤;システインプロテアーゼ阻害剤;DNA挿入剤;DNA鎖崩壊剤;E3リガーゼ阻害剤;内分泌ホルモン;上皮細胞増殖因子ファミリーの活性を標的とし、低下させる、または阻害する化合物;EGFR、PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;Flk−1キナーゼ阻害剤;グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ−3(GSK3)阻害剤;ヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)阻害剤;HSP90阻害剤;I−κ B−α キナーゼ阻害剤(IKK);インスリン受容体チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;c−Jun N末端キナーゼ(JNK)阻害剤;微小管結合剤;マイトージェン活性化タンパク質(MAP)キナーゼ−阻害剤;MDM2阻害剤;MEK阻害剤;マトリクスメタロプロテイナーゼ(MMP)阻害剤;NGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;SAPK2/p38キナーゼ阻害剤を含む、p38MAPキナーゼ阻害剤;p56チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;ホスファターゼ阻害剤;白金物質;PP1およびPP2阻害剤を含むタンパク質ホスファターゼ阻害剤、ならびにチロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;PKC阻害剤およびPKCδキナーゼ阻害剤;ポリアミン合成阻害剤;プロテオソーム阻害剤;PTP1B阻害剤;SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤を含む、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;Sykチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;ならびに、JAK−2および/またはJAK−3チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;レチノイド;RNAポリメラーゼII伸張阻害剤;セリン/スレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤;ステロール生合成阻害剤;トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤;ならびに、VEGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;ゴナドレリンアゴニスト;細胞分化過程を誘導する化合物;ビスホスホネート;ヘパラナーゼ阻害剤;生物学的反応修飾剤;テロメラーゼ阻害剤;カテコール−O−メチルトランスフェラーゼの阻害剤のようなメディエーター;白血球受容体に対する免疫抑制性モノクローナル抗体、例えばモノクローナル抗体;ソマトスタチンまたはソマトスタチン類似体;成長ホルモン受容体アンタゴニスト;白血病(AML)処置に有用なモノクローナル抗体;癌胎児性抗原(CEA)に対する抗体;ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤;癌ワクチン;キネシン紡錘体タンパク質(KSP)の阻害剤;腫瘍増殖および血管形成と関係する多数の受容体チロシンキナーゼの阻害剤;合成非ステロイド系エストロゲン;細胞毒性抗新生物剤;CTLA4の細胞外ドメインの少なくとも一部またはその変異体を有する組み換え結合分子、からなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、を含む組合せ剤を提供する。
(a)mTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)プレドニゾン、5−ヨードツベルシジン;ロイコボリン;レバミソール;ミトタン;デグエリン;トリシリビン;KP372−1(QLT394)、クロラムブシル;クロルメチン、シクロホスファミド、イホスファミド、メルファラン、エストラムスチン;カルムスチン;ホテムスチン、ロムスチン、ストレプトゾシン、ストレプトゾトシンプロカルバジン;塩酸プロカルバジン、メクロレタミン、塩酸メクロレタミン、チオテパ;テモゾロミド;マイトマイシン;アルトレタミン;ブスルファン;ニトロソウレア;エストラムスチン、ウラムスチン、Gliadel;窒素マスタード、フマギリン;シコニン;トラニラスト;ウルソール酸;スラミン;ベンガミド、TNP−470、サリドマイド、ニルタミド;ビカルタミド;トレミフェン;レトロゾール;テストラクトン;アナストロゾール;ビカルタミド;フルタミド;タモキシフェン、クエン酸タモキシフェン;エキセメスタン;フルベストラント;ラロキシフェン;塩酸ラロキシフェン;アタメスタン、フォルメスタン、アミノグルテチミド、ログレチミド、ピリドグルテチミド、トリロスタン、ケトコナゾール、ボロゾール、ファドロゾール、硝酸ガリウム(III)水和物;パミドロン酸ナトリウム;6−メルカプトプリン;シタラビン;フルダラビン;フロクスウリジン(Flexuridine);フルオロウラシル;5−フルオロウラシル、フロクスウリジン、カペシタビン;ラルチトレキセド;メトトレキサート;クラドリビン;ゲムシタビン;塩酸ゲムシタビン;チオグアニン6−チオグアニン、フルオロウラシル;5−フルオロウラシル(5−FU)、ヒドロキシウレア;5−アザシチジン、デシタビン;エダトレキサート;Permetrexed、ペメトレキセド、クロファラビン;ネララビン(nelarabine)、チアゾフリン、ペントスタチン、デオキシコホルマイシン;フルオロメチレンデオキシシチジン(FmdC)、5−アザ−2’−デオキシシチジン、トロキサシタビン、エタノール、2−[[3−(2,3−ジクロロフェノキシ)プロピル]アミノ];ガンボグ酸;エンベリン;三酸化ヒ素;Binucleine2;テレイック酸;シペルメトリン;デルタメトリン;フェンバレレート;チルホスチン8;5−イソキノリンスルホン酸、4−[(2S)−2−[(5−イソキノリニルスルホニル)メチルアミノ]−3−オキソ−3−(4−フェニル−1−ピペラジニル)プロピル]フェニルエステル;ベンゼンスルホンアミド、N−[2−[[[3−(4−クロロフェニル)−2−プロペニル]メチル]アミノ]メチル]フェニル]−N−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−4−メトキシ;ホスホン酸、[[2−(4−ブロモフェノキシ)−5−ニトロフェニル]ヒドロキシメチル];1,4−ナフタレンジオン、2,3−ビス[(2−ヒドロキシエチル)チオ];デブロモヒメニアルジシン;ダイゼイン;イソ−オロモウシン、チルホスチン1、1H−インドール−3−アセトアミド、1−(4−クロロベンゾイル)−5−メトキシ−2−メチル−N−(2−フェニルエチル);5−アルキル置換2−アリールアミノフェニル酢酸および誘導体、セレコキシブ、ロフェコキシブ、エトリコキシブ、バルデコキシブ;5−アルキル−2−アリールアミノフェニル酢酸、5−メチル−2−(2’−クロロ−6’−フルオロアニリノ)−フェニル酢酸、ルミラコキシブ;3−(3,5−ジブロモ−4−ヒドロキシベンジリデン)−5−ヨード−1,3−ジヒドロインドール−2−オン;および、ベンズアミド、3−(ジメチルアミノ)−N−[3−[(4−ヒドロキシベンゾイル)アミノ]−4−メチルフェニル];N9−イソプロピル−オロモウシン;オロモウシン;プルバラノールB、ロスコビチン;インディルビン、ケンパウロン、プルバラノールA、インディルビン−3’−モノオキシム、4−モルホリンカルボキサミド、N−[(1S)−3−フルオロ−2−オキソ−1−(2−フェニルエチル)プロピル]アミノ]−2−オキソ−1−(フェニルメチル)エチル]、プリカマイシン;ダクチノマイシン;ブレオマイシン;
(a)式IのmTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)ステロイド、アルキル化剤;代謝拮抗剤;微小管結合剤;ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;白金物質;ポリアミン合成酵素阻害剤;SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;および、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤、からなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、を含む組合せ剤を提供する。
(a)式IのmTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)プレドニゾン、チオテパ;N1,N12−ジエチルスペルミン4HCl、8−フェニル−2−(モルホリン−4−イル)−クロメン−4−オン、1H−ピラゾロ−[3,4−d]ピリミジン−4−アミン、3−(4−クロロフェニル)−1−(1,1−ジメチルエチル)−(9CI)、シタラビン;クラドリビン;硫酸ビンデシン;ビノレルビン;カルボプラチン;塩酸イダルビシン;および、塩酸ミトキサントロン、からなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、を含む組合せ剤を提供する。
(a)40−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−ラパマイシン;ならびに
(b)ステロイド、アルキル化剤;代謝拮抗剤;微小管結合剤;ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;白金物質;ポリアミン合成酵素阻害剤;SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;および、トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤からなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、を含む組合せ剤を提供する。
(a)40−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)ラパマイシン;ならびに
(b)プレドニゾン、チオテパ;N1,N12−ジエチルスペルミン4HCl、8−フェニル−2−(モルホリン−4−イル)−クロメン−4−オン、1H−ピラゾロ−[3,4−d]ピリミジン−4−アミン、3−(4−クロロフェニル)−1−(1,1−ジメチルエチル)−(9CI)、シタラビン;クラドリビン;硫酸ビンデシン;ビノレルビン;カルボプラチン;塩酸イダルビシン;および、塩酸ミトキサントロンからなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、を含む組合せ剤を提供する。
同時投与を、例えば2個以上の活性成分を有する1個の固定した組合せ剤の形態で行うか、または独立して剤形される2個以上の活性成分を同時に投与することにより行うことができる。連続使用(投与)は、好ましくは、ある時点で組合せ剤の1個(またはそれ以上)の成分を投与し、異なる時点で他の成分を投与すること、すなわち好ましくは、該組合せが、単一の化合物を独立して投与するよりも良好な効果を示す(とりわけ相乗効果を示す)ように長期的に時間差の方法で投与することを意味する。個別使用(投与)は、好ましくは、異なる時間点でそれぞれ独立して組合せ剤の成分を投与することを意味し、好ましくは、成分(a)および(b)を、両方の化合物の測定可能な血中レベルの重なりが、重複して(同時に)存在しないように投与することを意味する。
本明細書で用いる用語“販売用パッケージ”または“製品”または“医薬パッケージ”は、とりわけ、上記に定義の成分(a)および(b)が、独立して、または異なる量の成分(a)および(b)を有する異なる固定した組合せ剤の使用により、すなわち同時または異なる時点での使用により、投薬され得るという意味で、“複数部分のキット”を定義する。さらに、これらの用語は、活性成分として成分(a)および(b)を、増殖性疾患の進行の遅延または処置における、その同時使用、連続(長期的に時間差の、時間内に特定の順序で、優先的な)使用、または(あまり好ましくない)個別使用のための説明書と共に含む(とりわけ、組み合わせて含む)販売用パッケージを包含する。次に、複数部分のキットの部分を、例えば、同時にまたは、異なる時間点で、かつ複数部分のキットの各部分について等しいかまたは異なる間隔で長期的に時間差で投与することができる。非常に好ましくは、該間隔は、複数部分の併用において処置される疾患に対する効果が、組み合わせパートナー(a)および(b)のいずれか1個のみの使用により得られ得る効果よりも大きい(標準方法により決定され得る)ように選択される。組み合わせ製剤(combined preparation)で投与されるべき全量の、組み合わせパートナー(b)に対する組み合わせパートナー(a)の比は、例えば、処置すべき患者の下位集団の必要性または一人の患者の必要性(異なる必要性は、特定の疾患、患者の年齢、性別、体重などに起因し得る。)に対応するために、変化し得る。好ましくは、少なくとも1個の有益な効果、例えば、組み合わせパートナー(a)および(b)の効果の相互増強、特に付加効果以上が得られ、それ故に、組合せ剤なしに個々の薬物のみを用いる処置の場合に許容できるよりも、組み合わせた薬物のそれぞれをより低用量で用いて、さらなる有利な効果、例えば副作用が少ないか、または組み合わせパートナー(成分)(a)および(b)の一方または両方の非有効投与量での合わせた治療効果、および好ましくは組み合わせパートナー(a)および(b)の非常に強い相乗作用をもたらすことができる。
本発明の医薬組成物は、常套方法で製造することができ、ヒトを含む哺乳動物に対する経口または経直腸のような経腸投与、および非経腸投与に適し、とりわけ経腸または非経腸適用に適する治療的有効量の微小管活性剤および少なくとも1個の薬学的活性剤のみを含むか、または1個以上の薬学的に許容される担体との組合せを含む。
−約0.0001gないし約1.5g、例えば0.001gないし1.5g;
−約0.001mg/kg体重ないし約20mg/kg体重、例えば0.01mg/kg体重ないし20mg/kg体重
の範囲を含む指定された一日投与量でもたらされる。
(a)mTOR阻害剤の1種以上の単位投与量形態;ならびに
(b)薬学的活性剤の1個以上の単位投与量形態
を含む組み合わせ製剤に関する。
本発明の組成物は、増殖性疾患または持続的血管形成と関係するか、もしくはそれにより引き起こされる疾患の処置に有用である。
(i)乳房腫瘍;肺腫瘍、例えば、小細胞または非小細胞肺癌腫;黒色腫;または
(ii)他の化学療法剤での処置に難治性の増殖性疾患;または
(iii)多剤耐性のために他の化学療法剤での処置に難治性である腫瘍
の処置に有用である。
下記の実施例は、相乗効果を示す40−O−(2−ヒドロキシエチル)−ラパマイシンを含む組合せ剤を説明する。全ての組合せ剤を、3種の、この共同研究の一部として異なる細胞株:非小細胞肺癌腫のモデルであるA549;卵巣癌のモデルであるSKOV−3;および、悪性黒色腫のモデルであるSKMEL−28で試験した。
1日目:細胞調製
細胞を、T−175フラスコ中、完全培地(RPMI−1640、10%FBS、1% Penn/Strep)中、37℃および5%CO2下で培養した。細胞を0.25%トリプシンで短時間処理してフラスコから取り出した。トリプシンを培地で不活性化し、細胞数を適当に合わせた。その後、細胞を、マルチドロップを用いて384ウェルマイクロタイタープレート(35μL)に1500(A549)または3,000(SKOV−3、SKMEL−28)細胞/ウェルで播種し、16−24時間後に一般的スクリーニングのために化合物を添加した。播種したプレートを一晩インキュベートし(37℃/5%CO2)、回復および再付着させた。
希釈プレートを、非細胞培養処理ポリプロピレンの384ウェルプレート中、ウェル当たり100μLの完全培地で調製した。化合物を、Mini−Trakを用いて1:101希釈で希釈プレートに添加し(1μL添加)、次いで混合した。単剤の用量反応曲線について、希釈プレートからのアリコート5μLをアッセイプレートに添加し、11ポイントの用量反応曲線を作製した(最終容量40μL)。最終希釈は、全溶媒濃度〜0.1%で、〜1:808であった。組合せマトリックスに関して、直交的に滴定した(orthogonally−titrated)マスタープレートの希釈プレートからのアリコート4.5μLを同じアッセイプレートに添加して、用量反応マトリックスを作製した(最終容量44μL)。各化合物の最終希釈は、〜1:988であり、全溶媒濃度は、〜0.2%であった。化合物添加後、プレートを37℃/5%CO2で72時間インキュベートした。
完全培地中5%CellTiter−Blue(Promega)生存判別色素の溶液を、マルチドロップまたは384ウェルピペッターを用いてアッセイプレートに添加した。2.5%の最終色素濃度になるように適当な量を添加した。生存反応を、37℃/5%CO2にて、細胞タイプによって4ないし6時間インキュベートして、生存判別色素を減少させた。プレートを1時間室温まで冷却し、その後540nmで励起してWallac Victor−Vプレートリーダーで590nmの蛍光強度を読んだ。
初代プレートのQC状態
cHTSプレートフォーマットは、自動化品質管理として用いられる陽性および陰性のプレート内対照ウェル群を含む。全てのアッセイプレートに、LIMシステムにより自動的にQC値を付し、次いでデータを収集する。自動化品質管理の判定を、標準係数Z=1−3(_V+_U)/(V−U)[式中、V、Uは、平均ビヒクル(処理)および培地(非処理)対照レベルであり、_V、_Uは、対応する標準偏差概算値である。]を用いてプレート内対照を用いて計算したZ係数に基づき作製する。Z係数閾値を、3つのクラスのプレート群に実験的に設定する:自動的に許容される(Z>0.6)、自動的に拒絶される(Z<0.4)、および視覚的に評価される必要がある未決定プレート(0.4<Z<0.6)。必要ならば、許容されるプレートのQC状態を、プレート品質、移入対照(transfer control)または他の二次QC基準の視覚的検査に基づき拒絶される状態に再配置し得る。自動的にまたは視覚的検査により拒絶されるプレートを、さらなる分析から除き、それを繰り返す。
陽性対照化合物(ゲンチアナ・バイオレット)は、全てのマスタープレート上に含まれる。これは、研究者が、アッセイプレート中、両方のカラムおよび横列のマスタープレートからの化合物移入を確認するための、スクリーニングのための視覚的チェックを提供する。
二次QCには、下記:プレート品質および移入対照の視覚的検査、データスパイクの標示、および細胞系について単剤の適当な挙動のチェック、を含むデータ品質の付加的マニュアルチェックが含まれる。許容されないプレート勾配を示す一次QCからの許容される状態を有するプレートを、拒絶状態に調整し、繰り返し用に取り置く。プレートはまた、一時的に悪いウェル、またはそのすぐ隣(同様の処理クラス内)とは非常に異なるデータ値を有する“スパイク”について視覚的検査を行う。これらのデータスパイクを、データベース中で標識しておき、その後の分析から除く。最後に、過去の経験と不整合の単剤活性を含む用量反応マトリックスを、拒絶状態に印付けし、繰り返し用に取り置く。カットオフ閾値が達成されないデータブロックをデータベース中で標識し、必要であればその後の分析から除いて、繰り返し用に取り置く。
効果の測定は、アラマーブルー生存性アッセイを用いて、未処理レベル(ビヒクルのみ)と比較して細胞生存性の阻害であった。未処理および処理レベルのUおよびTについて、部分阻害I=1−T/Uを計算した。該阻害は、未処理レベルの0%からT=0のときの100%までの範囲である。
中央値を、偶発的な異常値のコンセンサスへの影響を減少させるために平均値よりも使用した。中央値は、異常値に対してよりロバストであるが、それらは、〜30%以上の偏差をもたらす統計ノイズにより感受性である。標準偏差を、中央絶対偏差(MAD)から概算し、正規分布について、サンプル偏差はσdat〜1.5MADである。従って、中央値自体の標準誤差は、σmed〜σdat/sqrt(N−1)(既知のNデータ値)である。
単剤活性を、式I=Imax/[1+(C/EC50)σ]のシグモイド関数を下記のシンプレックス・アルゴリズムを用いる最小二乗法最小化にフィッティングすることにより特徴付ける。ここで、Cは濃度であり、EC50は50%阻害効果を示す濃度であり、そしてσは、シグモイド性(sigmoidicity)である。各フィットパラメーターの不確実性を、減少したカイ二乗χ2の変化が、1未満であるか、または最小値が1を超えるとき、減少したχ2の最小値未満である範囲から、少なく概算したσI誤差を考慮して、概算した。最適濃度を実現するため、EC50を決定し、それぞれの提案された増殖アッセイの最大効果レベルとした。384ウェルプレートを用いて、デュプリケートの用量応答曲線を、用量比f=2、3、または4の3−7桁にわたる12段階希釈で得た。
本発明者らは、単剤曲線データを、組合せスクリーニングに用いるために各化合物の連続希釈を定義するために用いる。本発明者らは、単剤曲線のシグモイド性によって、2、3または4の希釈係数fを用いて、フィットしたEC50に近い中心濃度を有する5種の用量レベルを選択し得る。検出可能な単剤活性を有さない化合物について、本発明者らは、f=4を用いて達成可能な最大濃度から始め得る。
cHTSスクリーニングにより、0を含む一連の濃度で、2個の単剤の全ての対組合せを含む用量マトリックスを作製する。各用量マトリックスは、組み合わせ効果の参照として使用される単剤曲線の内在コピー(internal copies)を含む。複製用量マトリックスを、対応するデータ点を中央値にすることにより結合することができ、濃度シリーズが異なるとき、対応する値を双線形補間を用いることで見出す。標準誤差を、上記の式を用いて各阻害値について計算した。組合せ効果を、各データ点の阻害を、単剤曲線から導かれた組合せ参照モデルのそれと比較して、最も迅速に特徴付けた。3つのモデルが、一般的に用いられる:(1)最高の単剤モデル IHSA(CX,CY)=max(IX,IY)は、単一の参照モデルである(ここで、CX,Yは、XおよびY化合物の濃度であり、IX,Yは、CX,Yでの単剤の阻害である。);(2)Bliss 独立モデル IBliss(CX,CY)=IX+IY−IXIYは、独立して競合する阻害剤についての統計的期待値を示す;そして、(3)Loewe相加モデル、ここで、ILoewe(CX,CY)は、(CX/ECX)+(CY/ECY)=1を満たす阻害であり、ECX,Yは、単剤曲線についてILoeweでの有効濃度である。Loewe相加モデルは、XおよびYが同じ化合物であるとき生じる組合せ反応を表すとき、相乗作用の一般に許容される参照である[4]。IHSAおよびIBlissは両方とも、IX、Yを容易に計算するが、ILoeweの決定には、補間および数値複素根検出を必要とする。
高分解能9×9用量マトリックスを用いてアッセイを繰り返すための所望の腫瘍学的組合せ剤を選択するため、3つの重要な検討事項が評価される:(1)加法モデル以上の顕著な相乗効果;(2)相乗効果が生じるときの実質的な活性;および、(3)シフティングの十分な可能性。S=logfX logfY_Iデータ(Iデータ−ILoewe)により“相乗スコア(synergy score)”を用いて、全ての非単剤濃度ペアを総和した(式中、logfX,Yは、各単剤に用いた希釈係数の自然対数である。)。これは、測定値と、高阻害に偏り、様々な希釈係数について補正したLoewe相加応答表面の間の容積を効率よく計算する。この容量スコアは、組合せ剤の全体の相乗効果または拮抗効果に重点を置き、故に、範囲外のデータスパイクの影響を最小化し、広範囲の濃度でロバスト性相乗効果および高効果レベルを有する組合せ剤を同定する。Sは、最も相乗的な組合せに陽性であり、拮抗作用に対して陰性である。相乗作用および拮抗作用の両方が異なる濃度で存在する場合において、荷重係数(weighting favor)は、高阻害レベルで効果を有する。不確実性σSを、Iデータ値および標準誤差伝搬についての測定誤差を基に、各相乗スコアについて計算する。相乗スコアを用いて、その誤差を、適当な選択カットオフ値と定義する。例えば、S>2_Sを有する組合せは、正規分布と仮定して〜95%信頼性で有意である。また、シフトの十分な可能性を得られるように、該組合せインデックスである、選択した効果レベルでのCI=(CX/ECX)+(CY/ECY)を、有用な相乗効果を示すのに十分小さくする。現在使用されている臨床的組合せ剤について観測したインビトロCI測定値(CI〜0.5−0.7)を、カットオフ値を設定する指針として用いることができる。
Claims (14)
- 増殖性疾患の予防または処置における、同時、併用、個別または逐次使用のための、
(a)mTOR阻害化合物;ならびに
(b)i.ステロイド;
ii.アデノシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
iiiアジュバント;
iv.副腎皮質アンタゴニスト;
v.AKT経路阻害剤;
vi.アルキル化剤;
vii.血管形成阻害剤;
viii.抗アンドロゲン;
ix.抗エストロゲン;
x.抗高カルシウム血症剤;
xi.代謝拮抗剤;
xii.アポトーシス誘導剤;
xiii.オーロラキナーゼ阻害剤;
xiv.ブルトンチロシンキナーゼ(BTK)阻害剤;
xv.カルシニューリン阻害剤;
xvi.CaMキナーゼII阻害剤;
xvii.CD45チロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;
xviii.CDC25ホスファターゼ阻害剤;
xix.CHKキナーゼ阻害剤;
xx.ゲニステイン、オロモウシン(olomucine)および/またはチルホスチンを調節するための制御剤;
xxi.シクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤;
xxii.cRAFキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxiii.サイクリン依存性キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxiv.システインプロテアーゼ阻害剤;
xxv.DNA挿入剤;
xxvi.DNA鎖破壊剤;
xxvii.E3リガーゼ阻害剤;
xxviii.内分泌ホルモン;
xxix.上皮細胞増殖因子ファミリーの活性を標的とし、低下させる、または阻害する化合物;
xxx.EGFR、PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxi.ファルネシルトランスフェラーゼ阻害剤;
xxxii.Flk−1キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxiii.グリコーゲン合成酵素キナーゼ−3(GSK3)阻害剤;
xxxiv.ヒストンデアセチラーゼ(HDAC)阻害剤;
xxxv.HSP90阻害剤;
xxxvi.I−κ B−α キナーゼ阻害剤(IKK);
xxxvii.インスリン受容体チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxviii.c−Jun N末端キナーゼ(JNK)キナーゼ阻害剤;
xxxix.微小管結合剤;
xl.マイトージェン活性化タンパク質(MAP)キナーゼ−阻害剤;
xli.MDM2阻害剤;
xlii.MEK阻害剤;
xliii.マトリックスメタロプロテイナーゼ阻害剤(MMP)阻害剤;
xliv.NGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlv.SAPK2/p38キナーゼ阻害剤を含む、p38MAPキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlvi.p56チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlvii.PDGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
xlviii.ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;
xlix.ホスファターゼ阻害剤;
l.白金物質;
li.PP1およびPP2阻害剤を含むタンパク質ホスファターゼ阻害剤、ならびにチロシンホスファターゼ阻害剤;
lii.PKC阻害剤およびPKCδキナーゼ阻害剤;
liii.ポリアミン合成阻害剤;
liv.プロテオソーム阻害剤;
lv.PTP1B阻害剤;
lvi.SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;Sykチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;および、JAK−2および/またはJAK−3チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤を含む、タンパク質チロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lvii.レチノイド;
lviii.RNAポリメラーゼII伸張阻害剤;
lix.セリン/スレオニンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lx.ステロール生合成阻害剤;
lxi.トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤;
lxii.VEGFRチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;
lxiii.ゴナドレリンアゴニスト、
lxiv.細胞分化過程を誘導する化合物;
lxv.ビスホスホネート;
lxvi.ヘパラナーゼ阻害剤;
lxvii.生物学的反応修飾剤;
lxviii.テロメラーゼ阻害剤;
lxix.カテコール−O−メチルトランスフェラーゼの阻害剤;
lxx.白血球受容体に対する免疫抑制性モノクローナル抗体;
lxxi.ソマトスタチンまたはソマトスタチン類似体;
lxxii.成長ホルモン受容体アンタゴニスト;
lxxiii.白血病(AML)処置に有用なモノクローナル抗体;
lxxiv.癌胎児性抗原(CEA)に対する抗体、
lxxv.ホスホジエステラーゼ阻害剤、
lxxvi.癌ワクチン、
lxxvii.キネシン紡錘体タンパク質(KSP)の阻害剤、
lxxviii.腫瘍増殖および血管形成と関係する多数の受容体チロシンキナーゼの阻害剤、
lxxix.合成非ステロイド系エストロゲン、
lxxx.細胞毒性抗新生物剤、
lxxxi.CTLA4の細胞外ドメインの少なくとも一部またはその変異体を有する組換え結合分子
からなる群から選択される1種以上の薬学的活性剤、の組合せ剤。 - 前記1種以上の薬学的活性剤が、i.ないしlxii.から選択される、請求項1記載の組合せ剤。
- 前記1種以上の薬学的活性剤が、ステロイド;アルキル化剤;代謝拮抗剤;微小管結合剤;ホスファチジルイノシトール3−キナーゼ阻害剤;白金物質;ポリアミン合成阻害剤;SRCファミリーチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤;トポイソメラーゼ阻害剤;および、それらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1または2に記載の組合せ剤。
- 前記1種以上の薬学的活性剤が、プレドニゾン、チオテパ;N1,N12−ジエチルスペルミン4HCl、8−フェニル−2−(モルホリン−4−イル)−クロメン−4−オン、1H−ピラゾロ−[3,4−d]ピリミジン−4−アミン、3−(4−クロロフェニル)−1−(1,1−ジメチルエチル)−(9CI)、シタラビン;クラドリビン;硫酸ビンデシン;ビノレルビン;カルボプラチン;塩酸イダルビシン;および、塩酸ミトキサントロン、ならびにそれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1記載の組合せ剤。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤を含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤を含む販売用パッケージ。
- 前記単位投与量形態が固定した組合せ剤である、請求項6記載の販売用パッケージ。
- 哺乳動物における増殖性疾患または持続的血管形成と関係するか、もしくはそれにより引き起こされる疾患の予防または処置のための薬剤の製造を目的とした、請求項1から7のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、医薬組成物または販売用パッケージ。
- 請求項1から4のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、請求項5記載の医薬組成物、または請求項6もしくは7記載の販売用パッケージを含む、増殖性疾患の予防法または処置法。
- 前記増殖性疾患が、卵巣癌、肺癌腫および黒色腫から選択される、請求項1から9のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、医薬組成物、販売用パッケージ、使用または方法。
- 前記mTOR阻害化合物が、ラパマイシン、40−O−アルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、40−O−ヒドロキシアルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、40−O−アルコキシアルキル−ラパマイシン誘導体、32−デオキソ−ラパマイシン、および32−ヒドロキシ−ラパマイシン誘導体、16−O−置換ラパマイシン誘導体、40位の酸素基でアシル化されるラパマイシン誘導体、40位でヘテロシクリルにより置換されるラパマイシン誘導体、ならびに40−O−ホスホ−含有ラパマイシン誘導体からなる群から選択される、請求項1から10のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、医薬組成物、販売用パッケージ、使用または方法。
- 前記mTOR阻害化合物が、40−O−(2−ヒドロキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシン、CCI779、ABT578、またはAP23573からなる群から選択される、請求項1から11のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、医薬組成物、販売用パッケージ、使用または方法。
- 前記mTOR阻害化合物が40−O−(2−ヒドロキシ)−エチル−ラパマイシンである、請求項1から12のいずれか一項記載の組合せ剤、医薬組成物、販売用パッケージ、使用または方法。
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| EP2004163B1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
| AU2007240548A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| KR20080108517A (ko) | 2008-12-15 |
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| CN102671196B (zh) | 2014-12-03 |
| RU2014110184A (ru) | 2015-09-27 |
| MX2008012715A (es) | 2008-10-14 |
| BRPI0709750A2 (pt) | 2011-07-26 |
| CN101415409B (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
| RU2447891C2 (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
| WO2007124252A2 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| JP2014058560A (ja) | 2014-04-03 |
| JP2009532503A (ja) | 2009-09-10 |
| US20090098137A1 (en) | 2009-04-16 |
| CN102671196A (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
| EP2591775A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
| KR20140019032A (ko) | 2014-02-13 |
| RU2011149721A (ru) | 2013-06-20 |
| CA2645633A1 (en) | 2007-11-01 |
| CN101415409A (zh) | 2009-04-22 |
| RU2008143550A (ru) | 2010-05-27 |
| WO2007124252A3 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
| US20120129881A1 (en) | 2012-05-24 |
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