JP2013087074A - 医薬用結合剤及び該結合剤を用いた製剤 - Google Patents
医薬用結合剤及び該結合剤を用いた製剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2013087074A JP2013087074A JP2011228356A JP2011228356A JP2013087074A JP 2013087074 A JP2013087074 A JP 2013087074A JP 2011228356 A JP2011228356 A JP 2011228356A JP 2011228356 A JP2011228356 A JP 2011228356A JP 2013087074 A JP2013087074 A JP 2013087074A
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Abstract
【解決手段】ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体からなる医薬用結合剤。
【選択図】なし
Description
項1. ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体からなる医薬用結合剤。
項2. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体の平均粒子径が、130μm以下である上記項1に記載の医薬用結合剤。
項3. 口腔内崩壊錠用である上記項1又は2に記載の医薬用結合剤。
項4. 直接打錠用である上記項1〜3のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
項5. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体が、ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種と重合性ビニルモノマーの少なくとも1種とを重合して得られるものである上記項1〜4のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
項6. 前記重合性ビニルモノマーが、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸メチルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むものである上記項5に記載の医薬用結合剤。
項7. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体において、前記アクリル酸の使用量が0.5〜20質量%であり、前記メタクリル酸メチルの使用量が5〜40質量%である上記項6に記載の医薬用結合剤。
項8. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体が、ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種にアクリル酸及びメタクリル酸メチルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種がグラフト重合した共重合体である上記項7に記載の医薬用結合剤。
項9. 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体の重量平均分子量が、1万〜50万である上記項1〜8のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
項10. 薬効成分及び上記項1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤を含有する錠剤。
項11. 前記薬効成分及び前記医薬用結合剤の混合物を湿式造粒して製造される上記項10に記載の錠剤。
項12. 前記薬効成分及び前記医薬用結合剤の混合物を直接打錠して製造される上記項10に記載の錠剤。
項13. 更に糖アルコールを含有する上記項10〜12のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
項14. 口腔内崩壊錠である上記項10〜13のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
項15. 上記項1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤を含有する医薬組成物。
PVA系(共)重合体は、ポリビニルアルコール(以下、PVAと称することがある。)及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種のPVA系重合体、並びにPVA及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種と重合性ビニルモノマーの少なくとも1種とを重合して得られるPVA系共重合体を使用することができる。本明細書では、それらを合わせてPVA系(共)重合体と記す。
ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)及びその誘導体は、公知のものを使用すれば良く、市販品が容易に入手可能であればよい。
本発明において、重合性ビニルモノマーとしては、例えば、
(1)アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、フマル酸、マレイン酸及びイタコン酸等;
(2)前記(1)のナトリウム塩、カリウム塩、アンモニウム塩及びアルキルアミン塩等;並びに、
(3)メチルメタクリレート、メチルアクリレート、エチルメタクリレート、エチルアクリレート、ブチルメタクリレート、ブチルアクリレート、イソブチルメタクリレート、イソブチルアクリレート、シクロヘキシルメタクリレート、シクロヘキシルアクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルメタクリレート、2−エチルヘキシルアクリレート、ラウリルメタクリレート、ラウリルアクリレート、ステアリルメタクリレート、ステアリルアクリレート、アクリロニトリル、アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、スチレン、酢酸ビニル、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート、ヒドロキシエチルアクリレート、ポリエチレングリコールとメタクリル酸とのエステル、ポリエチレングリコールとアクリル酸とのエステル、ポリプロピレングリコールとメタクリル酸とのエステル、ポリプロピレングリコールとアクリル酸とのエステル、N−ビニルピロリドン、アクリロイルモルホリン、N,N−ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート及びメタクリロイルオキシエチルトリメチルアンモニウムクロライド等
が挙げられる。
H2C=C(R1)−COOR2 (A)
[式中、R1は水素原子又はメチル基を示し、R2は水素原子又は炭素数1〜4のアルキル基を示す。]
で表される化合物が挙げられる。
PVA系(共)重合体の製造方法としては、例えば、特許文献1(国際公開02/17848)に記載されている方法が挙げられる。該共重合体の製造方法としては、例えば、水とPVA及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種とを混合し、得られた混合液を加温してPVA及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種を水に溶解し、次いで重合性ビニルモノマー及び重合開始剤を添加して、重合又は共重合反応させる方法が挙げられる。また、PVA系(共)重合体として、市販品を入手することもできる。
過硫酸アンモニウム等の過硫酸塩;t−ブチルハイドロパーオキサイド等の有機過酸化物;過酸化水素−酒石酸、過酸化水素−酒石酸ナトリウム等のレドックス開始剤等が使用できる。
本発明の医薬用結合剤は、PVA系(共)重合体からなる。PVA系(共)重合反応によって得られたPVA系(共)重合体は、乾燥後、必要に応じて粉砕してから本発明の医薬用結合剤に使用して良い。
本発明の医薬用結合剤は、それ自体を経口投与用医薬組成物として好ましく使用することができる。また、必要に応じて添加剤を添加し、常法により細粒剤、微細顆粒、顆粒、錠剤、カプセル剤、座剤、軟膏剤、硬膏剤、パップ剤及びエアゾール剤等の剤型で使用することもできる。好ましい剤型は、錠剤、細粒剤、微細顆粒剤、顆粒剤、カプセル剤である。
サリチル酸、スルピリン、フルフェナム酸、ジクロフェナック、インドメタシン、アトロピン、スコポラミン、モルヒネ、ペチジン、レボルファイノール、ケトプロフェン、ナプロキセン、イブプロフェン、オキシモルフォン、アスピリン、アミノピリン、フェナセチン、アセトアミノフェノン、フェニルブタゾン、ケトフェニルブタゾン、メフェナム酸、ブコローム、ベンジダミン、メピリゾール、チアラミド、チノリジン、キシロカイン、ペンタゾシン、デキサメタゾン、ハイドロコーチゾン、プレドニゾロン、アズレン、イソプロピルアンチピリン、サザピリン、クロフェゾン、エトドラッグ、エテンザミド(2−エトキシベンザミド)またはその塩等。
ジアゼパム、ロラゼパム、オキサゼパム、オキサゾラム、クロチアゼパム、メダゼパム、テマゼパム、フルジアゼパム、メプロバメート、ニトラゼパム、クロルジアゼボキシド等。
クロルプロマジン、プロクロルペラジン、トリフロペラジン、スルピリド、塩酸クロカプラミン、ゾテピン、ハロペリドール等。
グリセオフルビン、ランカシジン類〔J. Antibiotics,38,877-885(1985)〕、アゾール系化合物〔2−〔(1R,2R)−2−(2,4−ジフルオロフェニル)−2−ヒドロキシ−1−メチル−3−(1H−1,2,4−トリアゾール−1−イル)プロピル〕−4−〔4−(2,2,3,3−テトラフルオロプロポキシ)フェニル−3−(2H,4H)−1,2,4−トリアゾロン、フルコナゾール、イトラコナゾール等〕、ナリジクス酸、ピロミド酸、ピペミド酸三水和物、エノキサシン、シノキサシン、オフロキサシン、ノルフロキサシン、塩酸シプロキサシン、スルファメトキサゾール・トリメトプリム等。
ゲンタマイシン、ジペカシン、カネンドマイシン、リビドマイシン、トプラマイシン、アミカシン、ディベカシン、フラジオマイシン、シソマイシン、テトラサイクリン、オキシテトラサイクリン、ロリテトラサイクリン、ドキシサイクリン、アンピシリン、ピペラシリン、チカルシリン、セファロチン、セファロリジン、セフォチアム、セフォチアムヘキセチル、セフスロジン、セフメノキシム、セフメタゾール、セファゾリン、セフォタキシム、セフォペラゾン、セフチゾキシム、モキサラクタム、チエナマイシン、スルファゼシン、アズスレオナム、アモキシリン、セファレキシン、エリスロマイシン、バカンピシン、ミノサイクリン、クロラムフェニコールまたはそれらの塩等。
6−O−(N−クロロアセチルカルバモイル)フマギロール、ブレオマイシン、メトトレキサート、アクチノマイシンD、マイトマイシンC、ダウノルビシン、アドリアマイシン、ネオカルチノスタチン、シトシンアラジノシド、フルオロウラシル、テトラヒドロフリル−5−フルオロウラシル、ピシバニール、レンチナン、レバミゾール、ベスタチン、アジメキソン、グリチルリチン、HER2阻害剤(WO01/77107等に記載の複素環化合物等)、タキソール、塩酸ドキソルビシン、エトポシド、ミトキサントロン、メスナ、ジメスナ、アミノグルテチミド、タモキシフェン、アクロライン、シスプラチン、カルボプラチン、シクロフォスファミド、ロムスチン(CCNU)、カルムスチン(BCNU)等。
クロフィブラート、2−クロロ−3−〔4−(2−メチル−2−フェニルプロポキシ)フェニル〕プロピオン酸エチル〔Chem. Pharm. Bull.,38,2792-2796(1990)〕、クリノフィブラート、コレスチラミン、ソイステロール、ニコチン酸トコフェロール、ニコモール、ニセリトロール、プロブコール、エラスターゼなど。
エフェドリン、メチルエフェドリン、ノスカピン、コデイン、ジヒドロコデイン、アロクラマイド、クロルフェジアノール、ピコペリダミン、クロペラスチン、プロトキロール、イソプロテレノール、サルプタモール、テレプタリン、ブロムヘキシン、カルボシスティン、エチルシスティン、メチルシスティンまたはその塩等。
プリジノール、ツボクラリン、パンクロニウム、カルバミン酸クロルフェネシン、塩酸トルペリゾン、塩酸エペリゾン、塩酸チザニジン、メフェネシン、クロルゾキサゾン、フェンプロバメート、メトカルバモール、クロルメザノン、メシル酸プリジノール、アフロクアロン、バクロフェン、ダントロレンナトリウム等。
フェニトイン、エトサクシミド、アセタゾラミド、クロルジアゼポキシド、フェノバルビタール、カルバマゼピン、プリミドン等。
ランソプラゾール、メトクロプラミド、ファモチジン、オメプラゾール、スルピリド、トレピブトン、塩酸セトラキサート、ゲフェルナート、マレイン酸イルソグラジン、シメチジン、塩酸ラニチジン、ニザチジン、塩酸ロキサチジンアセテート等。
イミプラミン、クロミプラミン、ノキシプチリン、フェネルジン等。
ジフェンヒドラミン、クロルフェニラミン、トリペレナミン、メトジラミン、クレミゾール、ジフェニルピラリン、メトキシフェナミン、フマル酸クレマスチン、塩酸シプロヘプタジン、メキタジン、酒石酸アリメマジン等。
トランスバイオキソカンファー、テレフィロール、アミノフィリン、エチレフリン等。
プロプラノロール、アルプレノロール、プフェトロール、オクスプレノロール、塩酸プロカインアミド、ジソピラミド、アジマリン、硫酸キニジン、塩酸アプリンジン、塩酸プロパフェノン、塩酸メキシレチン等。
オキシフェドリン、ジルチアゼム、トラゾリン、ヘキソベンジン、バメタン、ニフェジピン、ニルバジピン、二硝酸イソソルビット、塩酸ジルチアゼム、トラピジル、ジピリダモール、塩酸ジラゼプ、ベラパミル、塩酸ニカルジピン、酒石酸イフェンプロジル、マレイン酸シネパシド、シクランデレート、シンナリジン、ペントキシフィリン等。
ヘキサメトニウムブロミド、ペントリニウム、メカミルアミン、エカラジン、クロニジン、ジルチアゼム、ニフェジピン、フロセミド、トリクロルメチアジド、メチクロチアジド、ヒドロクロロチアジド、ヒドロフルメチアジド、エチアジド、シクロペンチアジド、フロロチアジド、エタクリン酸等。
グリミジン、グリプジド、フェンフォルミン、プフォルミン、メトフォルミン、グリベンクラミド、トルブタミド等。
イソニアジド、エタンブトール、パラアミノサリチル酸等。
レバロルファン、ナロルフィン、ナロキソンまたはその塩等。
ステロイドホルモン類、例えば、デキサメサゾン、ヘキセストロール、メチマゾール、ペタメサゾン、トリアムシノロン、トリアムシノロンアセトニド、フルオシノロンアセトニド、プレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、エストリオール等。
プロスタグランジンA1誘導体、ビタミンD誘導体、ビタミンK2誘導体、エイコサペンタエン酸誘導体、ベンジルホスホン酸、ビスホスホン酸誘導体、性ホルモン誘導体、フェノールスルフォフタレイン誘導体、ベンゾチオピランまたはベンゾチエピン誘導体、チエノインダゾール誘導体、メナテトレノン誘導体、ヘリオキサンチン誘導体などの非ペプチド性骨形成促進作用物質、ペプチド性骨形成促進物質等。
p38MAPキナーゼ阻害剤(WO00/64894等に記載のチアゾール系化合物等)、マトリックスメタロプロテアーゼ阻害剤(MMPI)、プレドニゾロン、ヒドロコルチゾン、メチルプレドニゾロン、デキサベタメタゾン、ベタメタゾン等の抗炎症ステロイド剤、インドメタシン、ジクロフェナク、ロキソプロフェン、イブプロフェン、ピロキシカム、スリンダク等の非ステロイド性消炎鎮痛剤等。
フラボキサート、塩酸オキシブチニン、塩酸テロリジン等。
ビタミンK類:ビタミンK1、K2、K3およびK4、葉酸(ビタミンM)等。
ビタミンの各種誘導体、例えば、5,6−トランス−コレカルシフェロール、2,5−ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロール、1−α−ヒドロキシコレカルシフェロールなどのビタミンD3誘導体、5,6−トランス−エルゴカルシフェロール等のビタミンD2誘導体等。
ヒドロキシカム、ダイアセリン、メゲストロール酢酸、ニセロゴリン、プロスタグランジン類などさらに、虚血性疾患治療薬、免疫疾患治療薬、アルツハイマー病治療薬、骨粗鬆症治療薬、血管新生治療薬、網膜症治療薬、網膜静脈閉塞症治療薬、老人性円板状黄斑変性症治療薬、脳血管攣縮治療薬、脳血栓治療薬、脳梗塞治療薬、脳閉塞症治療薬、脳内出血治療薬、クモ膜下出血治療薬、高血圧性脳症治療薬、一過性脳虚血発作治療薬、多発性梗塞性痴呆治療薬、動脈硬化症治療薬、ハンチントン病治療薬、脳組織障害治療薬、視神経症治療薬、緑内障治療薬、高眼圧症治療薬、網膜剥離治療薬関節炎治療薬、抗リウマチ薬、抗セプシス薬、抗セプティックショック薬、抗喘息薬、アトピー性皮膚炎治療薬、アレルギー性鼻炎治療薬等。
本発明の錠剤(及び医薬組成物)は、例えば、前記薬効成分及び前記医薬用結合剤の混合物を湿式造粒して製造することができる(湿式造粒法)。湿式造粒とは、薬効成分、結合剤及び賦形剤を湿式造粒して、これを乾燥・整粒した後、滑沢剤を適量混合して打錠機により製錠される方法である。詳しくは、薬効成分、賦形剤及び結合剤を高速攪拌造粒機や流動層造粒機を用い、精製水を用いて常法にて造粒を行う。湿式造粒法は、含量均一性や圧縮成形性に劣る薬効成分を用いる場合に好ましい。
ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体をPVA系(共)重合体と記す。
・POVACOAT Type SFP(SFP):大同化成工業社のPVA系(共)重合体、平均粒子径20μm
・POVACOAT Type 55(55):大同化成工業社のPVA系(共)重合体、平均粒子径55μm
・POVACOAT Type MP(MP):大同化成工業社のPVA系(共)重合体、平均粒子径125μm
・ヒドロキシプロピルセルロース(HPC);日本曹達製(グレード;HPC−L)
・ポリビニルピロリドン(PVP):試薬特級(グレード;K−30)
・エテンザミド(ETZ):モデル薬物、平均粒子径192μm
・アセトアミノフェン(APAP):モデル薬物、粒度75〜106μm
・エリスリトール:賦形剤、平均粒子径61μm
・クロスポピドン(C−PVP):崩壊剤、平均粒子径96μm
・ステアリン酸マグネシウム(St−Mg):滑沢剤
打錠圧を変化させて得られた錠剤の厚みと重量を測定し、図1(錠剤の密度算出方法)に従い錠剤の密度を算出し、その錠剤の硬度をシュロイニガー製錠剤硬度測定器にて測定した。
成形性の評価と同様の操作で錠剤密度を算出し、その錠剤の崩壊時間を日本薬局方崩壊試験法に準じて試験を行った。(試験条件;精製水、900mL、ディスクなし)
攪拌造粒機(Mixer Torque Rheometer、Caleva製の二軸回転型造粒機)に仕込んだエリスリトール38g、結合剤としてPOVACOAT Type SFP(実施例1)、POVACOAT Type MP(参考例1)、HPC(比較例1)またはPVP(比較例2)2gの混合粉末に、所定の精製水を添加して、攪拌速度50rpm、造粒時間5分で攪拌造粒を行った(湿式造粒法、粉末添加造粒法)。得られた造粒物を60℃で乾燥した後、1mmの篩で篩過し、打錠用顆粒を調製した。尚、最適精製水量は、先に報告(植村俊信、浦松俊治他、第26回製剤と粒子設計シンポジウム講演要旨集、pp.100-101(2009))している方法に従い、各処方の可塑限界液量(PL値)を測定し、その0.6×PL値に相当する量とした。
攪拌造粒機(Mixer Torque Rheometer、Caleva製)に仕込んだETZ12g、クロスポピドン2g、エリスリトール24.8g、結合剤としてPOVACOAT Type SFP(実施例2)、Type 55(実施例3)又はType MP(参考例2)1.2gの混合粉末に、所定の精製水を添加して、攪拌速度50rpm、造粒時間5分で攪拌造粒を行った(湿式造粒法)。得られた造粒物を60℃で乾燥した後、1mmの篩で篩過し、打錠用顆粒を調製した。
ETZ85g、クロスポピドン5g、St−Mg 0.1g、結合剤としてPOVACOAT Type SFP(実施例4)又はType MP(参考例3)10gを混合し、ロータリー式打錠機(菊水製作所製)にて打錠を行い、8mmφ、12R、200mg錠を製錠した(直接打錠法)。
アセトアミノフェン(APAP)85g、クロスポピドン5g、St−Mg 0.1g、結合剤としてPOVACOAT Type SFP(実施例5)10gを混合し、ロータリー式打錠機(菊水製作所製)にて打錠を行い、8mmφ、12R、200mg錠を製錠した(直接打錠法)。
一般的に、打錠には打錠障害回避のため滑沢剤を常用するが、滑沢剤の混合時間や添加
量により錠剤硬度の低下や崩壊時間の延長が生じるとの多くの報告がなされている(第2回標準処方研究フォーラム講演要旨集、標準処方研究会報告P18-47(2009))。このため、錠剤硬度と崩壊時間に影響を及ぼすと考えられるSt−Mg(滑沢剤、ステアリン酸マグネシウム)の添加量について検討した。
POVACOATを用いたOD錠の成形性と崩壊性に関する基礎的知見を得る目的で、それぞれ3種(a:乳糖(実施例9)、b:マンニトール(平均粒子径:68μm、実施例10)、c:エリスリトール(平均粒子径:61μm、実施例11))の賦形剤に、結合剤(1%を処方した):Type SFP(20μm)、崩壊剤:C−PVP(クロスポピドン)(5%)を用いて、成形性と崩壊性に与える崩壊剤の影響について検討した。
図8は、プラスチックトレイに12Mesh篩を置き、その篩上に錠剤を静置し錠剤の半分程度が漬かる量の精製水を流し込んだ際の、崩壊の様子をマイクロスコープ(×25)にて3秒毎に撮影した結果である。試験に用いた錠剤は、ETZ/エリスリトール/クロスポピドン/POVACOAT SFP=30/64/5/1の処方で得られた錠剤硬度5kpを示す錠剤を用いた(実施例12)。
して行く様子が伺え、錠剤中心部分は残っている様子(6秒後)が観察された。これらの結果と、過去の様々な検討結果より、POVACOATを結合剤に用いて得られた錠剤は、図9に模式的に示した崩壊型崩壊の特徴を示す場合が多い。これまで汎用の結合剤を用いた場合の崩壊挙動は、いわゆる溶解型崩壊として知られている崩壊パターンを示す。
Claims (15)
- ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体からなる医薬用結合剤。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体の平均粒子径が、130μm以下である請求項1に記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 口腔内崩壊錠用である請求項1又は2に記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 直接打錠用である請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体が、ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種と重合性ビニルモノマーの少なくとも1種とを重合して得られるものである請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 前記重合性ビニルモノマーが、アクリル酸及びメタクリル酸メチルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むものである請求項5に記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体において、前記アクリル酸の使用量が0.5〜20質量%であり、前記メタクリル酸メチルの使用量が5〜40質量%である請求項6に記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体が、ポリビニルアルコール及びその誘導体から選択される少なくとも1種にアクリル酸及びメタクリル酸メチルからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種がグラフト重合した共重合体である請求項7に記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 前記ポリビニルアルコール系(共)重合体の重量平均分子量が、1万〜50万である請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤。
- 薬効成分及び請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤を含有する錠剤。
- 前記薬効成分及び前記医薬用結合剤の混合物を湿式造粒して製造される請求項10に記載の錠剤。
- 前記薬効成分及び前記医薬用結合剤の混合物を直接打錠して製造される請求項10に記載の錠剤。
- 更に糖アルコールを含有する請求項10〜12のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
- 口腔内崩壊錠である請求項10〜13のいずれかに記載の錠剤。
- 請求項1〜9のいずれかに記載の医薬用結合剤を含有する医薬組成物。
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