JP2009532378A - 肝細胞増殖因子に対するヒト化モノクローナル抗体 - Google Patents
肝細胞増殖因子に対するヒト化モノクローナル抗体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2006年4月1日に出願されたUSSN60/788,243号の本出願である。USSN60/788,243号は、その全体が本明細書中に援用される。
本出願に記載される研究は、一部は国立衛生研究所からの寄金2R44CA101283−02によって行われた。米国政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本発明は一般に、新規の生物製剤を開発するための、モノクローナル抗体(mAb)と組換えDNA技術との組み合わせに関し、より詳細に述べれば、例えば肝細胞成長因子に結合し、それらを中和するヒトモノクローナル抗体の作製に関するものである。
一実施形態において、本発明はヒト肝細胞成長因子(HGF)に対するヒト化中和mAbを提供する。このmAbは、HGFの受容体cMetへの結合、Madian−Darbyイヌ腎細胞のような細胞類の分散の誘発、Mv1Luミンクlunk上皮細胞および/または肝細胞および/またはHUVECの増殖の誘発、および血管新生促進を含むHGFの生物学的活性の少なくとも一つ、より好ましくは数種またはすべてを阻害する。好ましいヒト化抗HGFmAbは、マウスのヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を阻害し、最も好ましくは完全に阻害する。好ましい実施形態において、ヒト化mAbはヒト化L2G7mAbである。特に好ましい実施形態において、mAbの重鎖および軽鎖可変領域は図2Aおよび図2BにおいてHuL2G7と標識された行にそれぞれ示される諸配列、またはそれらに少なくとも90%以上一致する諸配列を有する。また別の実施形態において、本発明はヒト肝細胞成長因子(HGF)に結合し、これを中和するヒト化モノクローナル抗体(mAb)、ヒト化重鎖および軽鎖を含むヒト化抗体を提供する。ヒト化重鎖は、L2G7由来のCDRと、H29、H30、H48、H66、H67、H71、H94からなる群から選択されるヒト重鎖可変領域フレームワーク中の少なくとも1つの位置がL2G7重鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められるという条件でヒト重鎖可変領域フレームワークとを含む。ヒト化軽鎖は、L2G7由来のCDRと、L3およびL60からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの位置が、L2G7軽鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められるという条件でヒト軽鎖可変領域フレームワークとを含む。
本発明はヒト化中和性抗HGFモノクローナル抗体類、それらを含む医薬組成物類、および疾患を処置するためのそれらの使用法を提供する。
抗体は、入り組んだ内部構造を有する非常に大きい複雑な分子である(分子量約150,000または約1320のアミノ酸)。天然の抗体分子は同一の2対のポリペプチド鎖を含み、各対は1本の軽鎖と1本の重鎖を有する;したがって抗体の基礎的構造単位はテトラマーである。各軽鎖および重鎖は各自2つの領域:標的抗原に結合することに関係する可変(“V”)部、および免疫系のその他のコンポーネントと相互作用する定常(“C”)部とからなる。軽鎖および重鎖可変領域は三次元空間において一緒に折り畳まれ、抗原(例えば、細胞表面上の受容体)に結合する可変領域を形成する。各軽鎖または重鎖可変領域内には相補性決定領域(“CDR”)と呼ばれる3つの短いセグメント(平均10個のアミノ酸長)がある。抗体の可変ドメインにある6個のCDR(軽鎖からの3個と重鎖からの3個)は三次元空間で一緒に折り畳まれ、標的抗原に結合する実際の抗体結合部位を形成する。これらCDRの位置および長さは正確に決定されている。Kabat,E.et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest,U.S.Department of Health and Human Services,1983,1987を参照されたい。これは参考として本明細書に組み込まれる。CDRに含まれない可変領域の部分はフレームワークと呼ばれ、CDRの周囲を形成する。各鎖において3個のCDRと4個のフレームワーク部分とは次のような順序で組み込まれている:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。
HGFに結合するモノクローナル抗体(mAb)(すなわち抗HGFmAb)は、その結合がHGFの1つ以上の生物学的活性を部分的または完全に阻止するならば(すなわちmAbを単一剤として使用する場合)、HGFを中和する、または中和しつつあると言われる。中和性抗体が阻害する可能性のあるHGFの生物学的特性のなかには、HGFがそのcMet受容体に結合する能力、Madin−Darbyイヌ腎臓(MDCK)細胞のようなある種の細胞株の分散をおこすHGFの能力;肝細胞、Mv1Luミンク肺上皮細胞および種々のヒト腫瘍細胞を含むある種の細胞の増殖を刺激する(すなわちマイトジェニックとなる)HGFの能力;または例えばヒト臍血管内皮細胞(HUVEC)の増殖または管形成の刺激によって測定するか、またはニワトリ胚漿尿膜(CAM)に適用した際の血管誘導によって測定した血管新生を刺激するHGFの能力である。本発明の抗体類は好ましくはヒトHGFに、すなわちGenBankのアクセッション番号D90334を有する配列によってコードされるプロテインに結合する。
好ましい実施形態において本発明は、本明細書に記載のヒト化抗体を含む医薬組成物を提供する。それら抗体の医薬組成物はmAbを生理的に容認される担体中に、任意に賦形剤または安定剤と共に、凍結乾燥または水溶液の形で含む。容認できる担体、賦形剤または安定剤は使用される用量および濃度では受容者にとって無毒であり、一般的には5.0ないし8.0のpH、最も一般的には6.0ないし7.0のpHにおいてリン酸塩、クエン酸塩または酢酸塩のような緩衝剤;等張にするために塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウムなどの塩類;抗酸化剤、保存料、低分子量ポリペプチド、プロテイン、ポリソルベート80のような親水性ポリマー類、アミノ酸類、炭水化物類、キレート剤、糖類および当業者に公知のその他の標準的成分を含む(Remington’s Pharmaceutical Science 16th edition,Osol,A.Ed.1980を参照されたい)。mAbは一般的には1−100mg/mlの濃度、例えば10mg/mlの濃度で存在する。
本発明のヒト化抗HGFmAbは、診断的、予測的および実験的方法にも用いられる。それらを用いて腫瘍中および癌患者の血行中のHGFレベルを測定することができ、したがってその腫瘍の処置を追跡し、指針をだすことができる。例えば高レベルのHGFと関連している腫瘍であれば特にヒト化抗HGFmAbによる処置に反応しやすいであろう。特定の実施形態において、mAbをELISAまたはラジオイムノアッセイに用い、例えば腫瘍生検標本中、または血清中、または細胞培養中のHGF分泌細胞の培地上澄液中のHGFレベルを測定できる。種々のアッセイにおいて、抗HGFmAbを蛍光分子、スピン標識分子、酵素または放射性同位体で標識してもよく、HGFのアッセイを行うために必要なすべての試薬と共にキットの形で提供してもよい。その他の用途では、抗HGFmAbは例えばアフィニティクロマトグラフィーによってHGFを精製するために用いられる。
HGFのすべての被検生物学的活性を中和するマウス抗HGFmAb L2G7の生成はすでに記載されている(2004年8月13日に出願されたKim et al.,米国特許出願公開20050019327およびKim et al.,Clin Cancer Res 12:1292,2006)。L2G7をヒト化するための第一工程はその軽鎖および重鎖遺伝子をクローン化することであった。それは本質的にCo et al.,J.Immunol.148:1149、1992の方法によって達成された。つまり、RNeasy Mini Kit(キアゲン(Qiagen))を用いて106L2G7(IgG2a、κ)ハイブリドーマ細胞からRNAを作り、その後ストラタジーン(Stratagene)からのキットを用いてランダムプライマーで第一のストランドcDNAを合成し、末端デオキシヌクレオチジルトランスフェラーゼ(プロメガ(Promega))でdG尾部を付加する。重鎖および軽鎖V部は、それぞれdG尾部にアニーリングするプライマー、重鎖ではCγ2aのN末端領域にアニーリングするプライマーおよび軽鎖ではCκのN末端領域にアニーリングするプライマーで、ハイフィデリティポリメラーゼAccuPrimePfx(インビトロゲン(Invitrogen))を用いて、cDNAから増幅された。PCR反応物から適切なサイズのバンド類をゲル精製し、直接配列決定をするか、またはクローン化してから配列決定した。配列決定は自動シーケンサーでジデオキシ法を用いて行った。単一のcDNA配列が重鎖で見いだされた。それを翻訳したものを図1Aに示す。2つの異なる見かけ上異常でない軽鎖cDNA配列が見いだされたが、単離されたL2G7軽鎖のN末端のアミノ酸配列はこれらの鎖の1つだけをあらわした。その翻訳後のアミノ酸配列を図1Bに示す。
HuL2G7の結合親和性をChL2G7およびL2G7のそれと比較するために、競合的結合実験を行った。ミクロタイタープレートにPBS中ヤギ抗ヒトIgG−Fc(GαhIgG−Fc)、2μg/mlを50μl/ウェルで塗布し、これを一晩、4℃で置き、室温下、2%BSAで1時間ブロックした。洗浄後、そのプレートを50μl/ウェルのChL2G7mAb(2μg/ウェル)と共に室温で1時間インキュベートし、その後50μl/ウェルのヒトIgG(10μg/ml)で1時間洗い、バックグラウンドを減らした。洗浄後、プレートのウェルを個別に、競合物としての種々濃度の精製HuL2G7、ChL2G7またはL2G7の50μl/ウェルと、50μl/ウェルのHGF−Flag(1μg/ml)と共に1時間インキュベートした。洗浄後、プレート類を50μl/ウェルのHRP−M2 抗Flag mAb(インビトロジェン)と共にインキュベートし、結合したHRP−抗FlagM2をテトラメチルベンチジン基質の添加によって検出した。図4は、可溶性HGF−Flagとの結合に関してHuL2G7、ChL2G7およびL2G7がほぼ等しく良好に、プレートに結合したL2G7と競合することを示し、これら3種類のmAbが非常に類似した親和性を有することを示唆する。
Claims (28)
- ヒト肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)に結合し、これを中和するヒト化モノクローナル抗体(mAb)。
- ヒト化L2G7mAbである請求項1記載のmAb。
- HGFとMetとの結合を少なくとも50%阻害する請求項2記載のmAb。
- Mv1Lu細胞のHGF誘導性増殖を阻害する請求項2記載のmAb。
- HGFの全ての生物学的活性を中和する請求項2記載のmAb。
- マウスにおけるヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を阻害する請求項2記載のmAb。
- マウスにおけるヒト腫瘍異種移植片の増殖を完全に阻害する請求項6記載のmAb。
- 重鎖可変領域が図2AのHuL2G7と標識された配列を有するヒト化mAb。
- 最初のアミノ酸がGlnに置換されていること以外は、図2AのHuL2G7と標識されたアミノ酸配列を有する成熟重鎖可変領域を含むヒト化mAb。
- 図2BのHuL2G7と標識されたアミノ酸配列を有する成熟軽鎖可変領域をさらに含む請求項8記載のヒト化mAb。
- 図2AのHuL2G7と標識されたアミノ酸配列および図2BのHuL2G7と標識されたアミノ酸配列のそれぞれに少なくとも90%同一であるアミノ酸配列を有する成熟軽鎖および重鎖可変領域を含むヒト化mAb。
- 軽鎖および重鎖可変領域の配列が請求項10記載のmAbのそれらに少なくとも95%同一である請求項11記載のヒト化mAb。
- H29、H30、H48、H66、H67、H71、H94、L3およびL60からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの位置がマウスL2G7のKabatナンバリングによる対応する位置に存在するアミノ酸によって占められている、請求項11または請求項12記載のヒト化mAb。
- 前記群から選択される少なくとも3つの位置がマウスL2G7抗体におけるKabatナンバリングによる対応する位置に存在するアミノ酸によって占められている、請求項11または請求項12記載のヒト化MAb。
- 前記群の全ての位置がマウスL2G7抗体におけるKabatナンバリングによる対応する位置に存在するアミノ酸によって占められている、請求項11または請求項12記載のヒト化MAb。
- さらに位置H1がGluによって占められている、請求項15記載のヒト化mAb。
- (IgG1、κ)アイソタイプである請求項10記載のヒト化mAb。
- HGFの生物学的活性をL2G7と同様に中和する請求項2記載のヒト化mAb。
- ヒト肝細胞増殖因子(HGF)に結合し、これを中和するヒト化モノクローナル抗体(mAb)であって、前記ヒト化抗体はヒト化重鎖および軽鎖を含み、前記ヒト化重鎖はL2G7由来のCDRと、H29、H30、H48、H66、H67、H71、H94からなる群から選択されるヒト重鎖可変領域フレームワークの少なくとも1つの位置が前記L2G7重鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められるという条件で、ヒト重鎖可変領域フレームワークとを含み;前記ヒト化軽鎖はL2G7由来のCDRと、L3およびL60からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの位置が前記L2G7軽鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められるという条件で、ヒト軽鎖可変領域フレームワークとを含む、前記ヒト化モノクローナル抗体。
- H29、H30、H48、H66、H67、H71およびH94からなる群の全てのアミノ酸が前記L2G7重鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められ、L3およびL60からなる群から選択される各位置が前記L2G7軽鎖の対応する位置を占めるアミノ酸によって占められている、請求項19記載のヒト化抗体。
- さらに位置H1がGluによって占められている、請求項19記載のヒト化抗体。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれかの項に記載のmAbを産生する細胞株。
- 請求項1〜21のいずれかの項に記載のmAbを含む医薬組成物。
- 患者の癌を処置する方法であって、請求項1〜21のいずれかの項に記載のmAbを含む医薬組成物を前記患者に投与することを含む前記方法。
- 前記癌が膠芽細胞腫である請求項24記載の方法。
- 医薬品の製造のための、請求項1〜21のいずれかの項に記載のmAbの使用。
- 癌を処置するための請求項26の使用。
- 前記癌が膠芽細胞腫である請求項26記載の使用。
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