JP2009508763A - 高速エネルギー蓄積装置を備えるプラグイン式ハイブリッド推進のパワーエレクトロニクス機器および制御の方法および装置 - Google Patents
高速エネルギー蓄積装置を備えるプラグイン式ハイブリッド推進のパワーエレクトロニクス機器および制御の方法および装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【選択図】 なし
Description
*トラクションモータおよび他の負荷が必要とする電流を提供する。
*回生制動中にトラクションモータによって発生したエネルギーを吸い込む。
*バッテリーを過度の電流から保護する。
*バッテリーを、過度に高い、または低い充電状態における動作から保護する。
*エンジンの動作を最小限に抑える。
*走行時にエンジンの効率的動作を使用する。
*効率的なエンジン動作を使用してバッテリーを再充電する。
図1では、
1は第1のモータ/発電機(MG1)、
2は第2のモータ/発電機(MG2)、
3はエンジン、
4は前部差動装置、
5は前車軸またはスプリット・シャフト、
6は前輪、
7は電力変換装置および制御装置、
8はバッテリー
9は高速エネルギー蓄積キャパシタ、
10は後部モータ/発電機(MGR)、
11は後部差動装置、
12は後車軸またはスプリット・シャフト、
13は後輪、
14は充電器である。
さらに、図2では、
15はダイオード、
16は絶縁ゲート型バイポーラ・トランジスタ(IGBT)、
17はスイッチ・モジュール、
27はゲート・ドライブである。
さらに、図3では、
18は直流バス、
19は直流バス共通域、
20は直流バス・キャパシタ、
21はインダクタ、
22は変圧器、
23は交流リンク、
24は充電器入出力部、
25は直流電源、
28は制御装置である。
さらに、図4では、
26はフライホイール高速エネルギー蓄積装置である。
SOCは充電状態を指す。
I(E)は、エンジンによって駆動されるMG1からの電流である。
I(B)は、バッテリー電流である。
I(C)は、高速エネルギー蓄積システムからの電流である。
I(M)は、負荷の電流である。
I(BL)、I(BU)、I(CL)、I(CU)は、バッテリーおよび高速エネルギー蓄積システムの上方および下方電流設定点である。
記号の規則については、
充電中は、I(B),I(C)>0、放電中は、I(B),I(C)<0、
エンジン制動中は、I(E)>0、発電中は、I(E)<0、
発電で電力の吐き出し(source)時には、I(M)>0、負荷で電力の吸い込み(sink)中は、I(M)<0である。
バッテリーは、充電状態、およびバッテリーが充電中か放電中かの関数である許容電流を有する。図7は、許容可能なバッテリー動作のマップを示す。バッテリー動作空間のマップには、多くの他の変形を実施することができる。許容動作範囲の形状は例示としてのものであり、本発明を制限するものではない。このマップは検索テーブルまたは他のアルゴリズムとして実施することができる。このようなテーブルのファミリーを実施することができる。電流要求がバッテリーの許容電流を超えた場合、電流は制限される。電流が制限される方法は、電流要求がいかに許容電流を超えるかの関数である。
図8は、システムがいくつかの異なる状態を有することを示す。ここでは5つの状態を示すが、これは制限的ではなく、いくつかの他の状態を実施することができる。本明細書で開示される5つの状態は以下の通りである。
オフ−車両が駐車し、全てのシステムがオフに切り換えられている。
V2G−(車両をグリッドに)充電するか、グリッドにサービスを提供するために車両をグリッドに接続する。
ホテル−車両は駐車しているが、補助システムを動作させるために、電力が供給されている。
EV−(電気車両)車両が電気車両として動作し、ピーク電力を提供するために必要な場合を除き、エンジンがオフに切り換えられている。
CM−(充電モード)バッテリーに充電するために、エンジンをオンに切り換えた状態で車両が動作している。
好ましい実施形態では、EV状態での動作は、階層状電圧変動率を使用する。図10は、この方法を実施するために使用できるいくつかの電圧範囲を示す。システム状態ごとにいくつかの制御モードがある。システム状態およびバス電圧に基づいて、特定の制御モードが選択される。
タイプ1制御、機械の状態:EV
機械の状態CMでは、エンジンがオンで、MG1は直流バスへの電流を吐き出し(source)供給している。エンジンは高効率で動作していることが好ましい。
直流バスに直接接続されたバッテリーについて、階層状電圧調整の代替例を開示する。この場合、バッテリー電流は、バッテリーの充電状態、バス電圧およびバッテリーのインピーダンスの関数である。動作の原理は依然として、バッテリーを規定された動作空間(図7)内に維持しながら、システムが車両によって要求されるエネルギーの吐き出しまたは吸い込みを供与する点にある。この方法は、電圧ではなく電流に基づいてモードが選択されるという点で、制御方法タイプ1とは異なる。
T2−EV1:このモードでは、エンジンはオフまたはアイドリング中であり、I(E)=0で、I(BU)>I(M)>I(BL)である。負荷への電流が、完全にバッテリーによって提供されるか、または負荷によって回生された電流が、完全にバッテリーに吸収される。したがって、I(B)=I(M)である。このモードはEV状態のデフォルト・モードであり、I(B)がI(BU)>I(B)>I(BL)によって確立された許容バッテリー電流の範囲内に留まっている限り継続することができ、ここでI(BU)およびI(BL)は図4から得られる。
機械の状態CMでは、エンジンがオンで、MG1は直流バスへの電流を供給している。
結果となる車両のコストおよび重量を最小限に抑えるために、最少量の高速エネルギー蓄積装置しか使用しない。高速エネルギー蓄積システムは、バッテリーの容量よりはるかに小さい容量を有する。この小さい容量を最大限に活用するために、高速エネルギー蓄積装置の充電状態を管理する方法を実施する。
本明細書で開示される制御方法は、主に、ハイブリッド車両のパワーエレクトロニクス機器の動作に関係する。また、制御方法は、エンジン動作のパラメータを規定する。制御のタイプ、システムの状態および制御モードに応じて、エンジンにいくつかの機能を実行するように指令することができる。これらの指令は以下を含むが、それに制限されない。
始動:エンジンに始動するように指令する。MG1 1を使用してエンジン3を始動する場合は、バッテリーまたは高速エネルギー蓄積装置内にこの機能を実行するのに十分な電荷があり、バッテリーまたは高速エネルギー蓄積システムからこの機能を実行するのに十分な電流容量を使用可能であるように、エンジン始動を実施しなければならない。別個のバッテリーおよびスタータ・モータを使用する場合は、始動動作に関連する遅れの後、制御モードのうち1つによって要求された場合にエンジン出力が使用可能であるように、エンジン始動のタイミングを合わせなければならない。
Claims (32)
- プラグイン式ハイブリッド電気車両に動力を供給するためのシステムであって、内燃機関を有する車両駆動系と、前記駆動系に接続される1つまたは複数の電動発電機とを備え、前記1つまたは複数の電動発電機は、前記駆動系に動力を供給して、前記車両を推進するか、または前記内燃機関を始動するか、または動力を吸収して1つまたは複数のエネルギー蓄積装置を回生充電するように設けられ、前記システムが、第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置と、第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置と、パワーエレクトロニクス機器とを備え、
前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、牽引力または前記内燃機関の始動のために前記駆動系に電気エネルギーを送出するか、または前記駆動系から電気エネルギーを吸収するバッテリーであり、
前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、フライホイール、キャパシタ、ウルトラキャパシタ、スーパーキャパシタ、またはバッテリーであって、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置を、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の損傷閾値を超える電流から保護するために必要に応じて電流を吸収または送出するだけであり、
前記パワーエレクトロニクス機器は、複数の相脚部を有する多相電力変換装置を含み、各相脚部が、ダイオードを有する2つの電子スイッチを備え、各相脚部の両端が直流バスに接続され、各相脚部の中心が別の電気装置に接続され、1つまたは複数のキャパシタが前記直流バスの両端に接続され、前記複数の相脚部のうちの第1の相脚部が、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置のDC−DCコンバータとして使用され、前記電力変換装置からの3つの相脚部のうちの1つまたは複数のセットが、1つまたは複数の3相電動部として機能するシステム。 - 内燃機関を有する車両駆動系および前記駆動系に接続される1つまたは複数の電動発電機を備えるプラグイン式ハイブリッド電気車両のパワーエレクトロニクス機器を制御する方法であって、前記1つまたは複数の電動発電機は、前記駆動系に動力を供給して、前記車両を推進するか、または前記内燃機関を始動するか、または動力を吸収して1つまたは複数のエネルギー蓄積装置を回生充電するものにおいて、前記方法は、
バッテリーを備える第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置を使用して、牽引力または前記内燃機関の始動のために前記駆動系に電気エネルギーを送出し、前記駆動系から電気エネルギーを吸収するステップと、
フライホイール、キャパシタ、ウルトラキャパシタ、スーパーキャパシタ、またはバッテリーを備える第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置を使用して、必要に応じて電流を吸収または送出し、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置を、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の損傷閾値を超える電流から保護するステップと、
前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の充電状態、第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の充電状態、および牽引エネルギー要求値を入力として受信する制御アルゴリズムを使用するステップであって、前記制御アルゴリズムが、前記牽引エネルギー要求値を充足させ、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の損傷を防止し、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の損傷を防止し、前記内燃機関の消費する燃料を最小限にするように、電気エネルギーの流れを指向させるステップとを含んで構成されることを特徴とする方法。 - 前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、前記直流バスに直接接続するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、前記DC−DCコンバータを通して前記直流バスに接続されたキャパシタであるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置は、前記DC−DCコンバータを通して前記直流バスに接続されたバッテリーであるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 相脚部は、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置および前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置のいずれか一方または両方の充電器として使用されるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記DC−DCコンバータは、接続されたモータおよび変圧器のインダクタンスを使用して電流リップルを平滑するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記駆動系に接続された1つのモータを備えるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 2つ以上の電動発電機を有する直列ハイブリッドとして構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 別個の前部駆動装置および後部駆動装置を備えるように構成され、前記前部駆動装置および後部駆動装置が機械的に接続されていない、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- エンジン駆動式前輪駆動装置および電動発電機駆動式後輪駆動装置を備えるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 車両機器および車両サブシステムに動力を供給する直流出力ポートを備えるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 交流充電ポートと、前記直流バスに充電電力を供給する能動整流器とを備えるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置用の別個のバッテリー充電器を備えるように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- マイクロプロセッサまたはディジタル信号プロセッサをホストとする制御アルゴリズムを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記DC−DCコンバータが単相脚部である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 交流電圧を生成する能動整流器として接続される相脚部を備えて該交流電圧を低いまたは高い電圧に変圧し、直流に整流するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 回生制動エネルギーは、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置によって吸収される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 回生制動エネルギーは、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置によって吸収される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 回生制動エネルギーは、前記内燃機関にトルクを加えるために電動発電機に通電することによって吸収される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 回生制動エネルギーは、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置と前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置との任意の組合せ中で、かつ前記内燃機関にトルクを加えるために電動発電機に通電することによって吸収される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 牽引エネルギーは、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置のみによって供給される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 牽引エネルギーは、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置のみによって供給される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 牽引エネルギーは、前記内燃機関のみによって供給される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 牽引エネルギーは、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置、前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の任意の組合せで、前記内燃機関にトルクを加えるために電動発電機に通電することによって供給される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- エネルギーが、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置と前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置との間で伝達される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記電動発電機と第1および第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置とが、電流モード制御を使用して動作する、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置が、前記直流バスに直接接続され、前記第1の電気エネルギー蓄積装置の電流が、前記直流バスの電圧を調整することによって制御される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- バス電圧が、前記電動発電機と、第1および第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置との吐き出し電流または吸い込み電流を制御することによって調整される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第1のエネルギー蓄積装置の放電および充電電流制限が可変で、充電状態、温度、充電履歴およびユーザ入力に基づいて前記アルゴリズムによって決定される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第2のエネルギー蓄積装置の放電および充電電流制限が可変で、充電状態、温度、充電履歴およびユーザ入力に基づいて前記アルゴリズムによって決定される、請求項2に記載の制御方法。
- 前記第2の電気エネルギー蓄積装置が前記直流バスに直接接続するように構成される、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007037972A3 (en) | 2007-05-24 |
| AU2006295147A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
| US20070068714A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| WO2007037972A2 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
| CA2623398A1 (en) | 2007-04-05 |
| EP1935101A4 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
| HK1120677A1 (en) | 2009-04-03 |
| EP1935101A2 (en) | 2008-06-25 |
| AU2006295147B2 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
| US7740092B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
| CN101309810B (zh) | 2012-07-04 |
| CN101309810A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
| EP1935101B1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
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