JP2008525624A - 酸化的脱硫方法 - Google Patents
酸化的脱硫方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008525624A JP2008525624A JP2007549514A JP2007549514A JP2008525624A JP 2008525624 A JP2008525624 A JP 2008525624A JP 2007549514 A JP2007549514 A JP 2007549514A JP 2007549514 A JP2007549514 A JP 2007549514A JP 2008525624 A JP2008525624 A JP 2008525624A
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- sulfones
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G27/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation
- C10G27/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by oxidation with oxygen or compounds generating oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/89—Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/036—Precipitation; Co-precipitation to form a gel or a cogel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/03—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves not having base-exchange properties
- B01J29/0308—Mesoporous materials not having base exchange properties, e.g. Si-MCM-41
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
慣用の水素化脱硫(HDS)触媒は、精製輸送機関燃料ブレンド用の石油蒸留分から硫黄の大部分を除去するために用いることができるが、多環芳香族硫黄化合物中におけるような硫黄原子が立体障害されている化合物から硫黄を除去するためには効果的でない。これは、硫黄ヘテロ原子が二重に障害されている場合(たとえば、4,6-ジメチルジベンゾチオフェン)に特に当てはまる。これらのヒンダードジベンゾチオフェン類は50〜100 ppmなどの低い硫黄レベルで優位であり、脱硫されるべき厳しい処理条件を必要とするであろう。慣用の水素化脱硫触媒を高温で用いると、收率損失、早い触媒コーキング及び製品品質劣化(たとえば、色)を引き起こすであろう。高圧を用いることは、多額の設備投資を必要とする。
N,N-ジメチルフォルムアミド(DMF)
メタノール
アセトニトリル
スルホラン
Goreは、溶媒の極性と溶媒の抽出効率との間に関係があると述べている。その特許及び論文に掲載されている溶媒の全ては、望ましくはディーゼル燃料と不混和性である。これらはすべて、極性プロトン性又は非プロトン性の溶媒のいずれかとして特徴づけられる。
酸化/吸着ゾーン内の温度は、約100゜F〜約600゜、好ましくは約200゜F〜約500゜F、最も好ましくは約300゜F〜約400゜Fの範囲でよい。
1. アモルファスチタニア−シリカ材料。これらの材料は、Catalysis Today, 51, 1999, 233-254内のGao及びWachsによるレビュー(review)記事に記載されている。Ti濃度: 0.001 %〜50%原子。任意の表面積、任意の細孔容積
2. チタノシリケートゼオライト材料。これらの材料の数種は文献にて公知である;TS-1, Ti-β、Ti-ZSM-12、Ti-MCM-41、Ti-HMS、Ti-ZSM-48、TS-2、Ti-MCM-48、Ti-MSU、Ti-SBA-15、Ti-MMM、Ti-MWW、Ti-TUD-1及びTi-HSMはこれらの数種である。これらの材料は、"Active sites and reactive intermediates in titaniumu silicate molecular sieves", Ratnasamy and Srinivas, Advances in Catalysis 48 (2004) 1-169に記載されていた。
3. 50%以下のチタニアを含むチタニア−シリカ混合酸化物。
4. Schoebrechtsらの国際特許出願公開パンフレットWO 02/090468に記載されているようにシリル化処理に供された上述の触媒材料のすべて。
本発明のプロセスは、約10 ppmw以下のレベルまで脱硫を達成することができ、約10 ppmw以下のレベルまで脱窒を達成することができる。
パイロットスケールユニットを用いて、350 ppm-硫黄含有ディーゼルオイル供給物で触媒の性能を評価した。パイロットスケール反応器は、10.5インチ長さ、0.75 O. D. ×0.438インチI. D. ×0.065インチ壁316 ステンレススチール管からなる。反応器 温度は、断熱炉ボックス内部反応器壁の3個の電気加熱区域によって維持した。これらの区域の温度は、反応器壁区域のそれぞれに一点熱電対を用いて、プログラム可能なコンピュータによって制御した。さらに、上部から反応器の中点を通って延びる0.125インチO. D.ステンレススチールサーモウェル(thermowell)に、内部反応温度を監視するために多点熱電対(3個の多点熱電対を2インチ間隔で)を収容した。
Brooksフローコントローラを用いて、250 ml min-1 で窒素供給ガス中で希釈された7% 酸素を反応器に送った。反応器の下流に組み込んだ酸素分析器で、大気圧でのオフガスの酸素含量を測定した。
[実験手順]
反応器に触媒を仕込んだ後、窒素ガス中希釈された7% 酸素で200 psigに加圧し、250 ml min-1のガスフローを確立した。触媒床を約50 mlの供給物で飽和させた。次いで、10〜50 ml hour-1の供給速度で始めた。確立された気体及び液体供給物を有する反応器を300〜400゜Fの運転温度までゆっくりと加熱した。所望の運転温度が達成された後、試験を始め、液体生成物を1時間毎の間隔で集めた。次いで、液体生成物をSpectro XEPOS モデルXEP01 XRF分析器により硫黄含量について分析した。触媒の失活又は破過が生じるまで、反応を続けた。
[使用済み触媒評価手順]
使用済み触媒のメタノール抽出物1〜2マイクロリットルをスプリットインジェクションポートを介して、300Cでポリジメチルシリコーン(DB1)の0.1ミクロン膜を有する30 m× 0.32mm i.d. 溶融石英カラムに注入した。カラム温度を40℃に2分間保持し、次いで、300℃まで10℃/分の間隔で上昇するようにプログラムした。カラムの端部からマススペクトルメータイオン源までの移動ラインは、300℃に保持した。マススペクトルは、3000 mass 解像度又は1000 mass 解像度のいずれかで0.7 秒/mass decadeの走査速度で得た。
[結果及び考察]
下記Table 2に示す特性を有する供給物としてディーゼル燃料を用いて、チタンケイ酸塩触媒で実験を行った。ディーゼル燃料供給物は触媒床を流れていたが、実験の初期に、純粋な窒素ガスだけが反応器に供給された。下記Table 4の結果は、系に酸素が存在しないと、反応器流出物中硫黄濃度は12.92 %に減少することを示す。数時間後、流において、ガスフローを窒素中7vol%以下の酸素からなるガスフローに切り替えた。結果から明らかなように、気体状分子状酸素は、触媒により効果的に利用され、反応器流出物中硫黄含量を74.72 %減少させた。これらの実験結果は、気体状酸素が供給ガス中に存在する場合に供給流からの硫黄除去にチタンケイ酸塩触媒が効果的であることを明らかに示す。図3は、実験結果をグラフに示したものである。
Table 7は、硫黄の本質的に全量が触媒上に堆積したか又は液体生成物中に回収されたことを示す。
Claims (4)
- 精製輸送機関燃料又は精製輸送機関燃料用ブレンド成分を製造するための蒸留供給原料を脱硫する方法であって、当該供給原料は硫黄含有有機不純物を含み、
(a)酸化/吸着ゾーン内、酸化条件で、硫黄含有有機不純物の少なくとも一部をスルホン類及び/又はスルホキシド類へと転化するチタン含有組成物を含む酸化触媒の存在下で、当該供給原料を酸素含有ガスと接触させる工程;
(b)スルホン類及び/又はスルホキシド類を当該酸化触媒に吸着させる工程;及び
(c)硫黄含有不純物の量が減少した酸化/吸着ゾーン流出物を回収する工程
を含む方法。 - 前記酸化触媒は再生されて、少量の吸着されたスルホン類及び/又はスルホキシド類を含む酸化触媒を製造する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記再生は、吸着されたスルホン類及び/又はスルホキシド類を脱着する条件下で、触媒をメタノールと接触させることによって行われる、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記チタン含有組成物は、チタンケイ酸塩、Ti-MCM及びTi-HMSからなる群より選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
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| WO2003051798A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Lehigh University | Oxidative desulfurization of sulfur-containing hydrocarbons |
| JP2004168663A (ja) * | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-17 | Osaka Industrial Promotion Organization | 硫黄化合物の酸化方法および脱硫油の製造方法 |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015101703A (ja) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | 燃料中の硫黄化合物の脱硫方法及び脱硫装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MX2007007802A (es) | 2007-07-25 |
| EP1841838A1 (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| AU2005322059A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| US20080308463A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
| CN101094908A (zh) | 2007-12-26 |
| WO2006071793A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| UA88346C2 (en) | 2009-10-12 |
| CN101094908B (zh) | 2010-11-17 |
| ZA200704539B (en) | 2008-09-25 |
| KR20070091297A (ko) | 2007-09-10 |
| EA011964B1 (ru) | 2009-06-30 |
| CA2589399A1 (en) | 2006-07-06 |
| NZ555486A (en) | 2010-03-26 |
| AU2005322059B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
| BRPI0519500A2 (pt) | 2009-02-03 |
| NO20073938L (no) | 2007-10-01 |
| EA200701421A1 (ru) | 2007-12-28 |
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