JP2005532660A - 燃料電池の運転方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池の運転方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2005532660A JP2005532660A JP2004500354A JP2004500354A JP2005532660A JP 2005532660 A JP2005532660 A JP 2005532660A JP 2004500354 A JP2004500354 A JP 2004500354A JP 2004500354 A JP2004500354 A JP 2004500354A JP 2005532660 A JP2005532660 A JP 2005532660A
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- fuel
- hydrogen
- fuel cell
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- oil
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 201
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002898 organic sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O POULHZVOKOAJMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005639 Lauric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001520808 Panicum virgatum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002285 corn oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005687 corn oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019387 fatty acid methyl ester Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 8
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 hydrocarbon sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910003296 Ni-Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Mo] DDTIGTPWGISMKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003577 thiophenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
-
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Abstract
Description
ZnO+H2S→ZnS+H2O
反応の継続とともに吸着剤が消耗するので、吸着剤は定期的に交換する必要がある。吸着された硫黄はそのまま捨てるか、別の化学反応、例えば、吸着剤の再生に使用することができる。
01.一次燃料
02.空気
03.水
04.クリーン燃料
05.始動燃料
06.始動空気
07.クリーン燃料改質器への水
08.水素添加脱硫器(HDS)への水素含有量の多いストリーム
09.一次燃料+HDS用水素
10.脱硫された燃料
11.予備改質された燃料
12.改質された燃料(非内部改質燃料電池)
13.改質された燃料+回収されたアノード排気
14.アノード排気
15.カソード排気
16.予備加熱された空気
17.回収されたアノード排気
18.触媒燃焼器へのアノード排気
19.予備改質器に供給されるストリーム
20.触媒燃焼器排気
21.排気
22.始動用ヒータ排気
A.クリーン燃料用脱硫器(室温用)
B.クリーン燃料用脱硫器(高温用)
C.クリーン燃料用改質器
D.水素添加脱硫器
E.一次燃料用脱硫器
F.予備改質器
G.改質器
H.燃料電池
I.触媒燃焼器
SH.始動ヒータ
S1,S2,S3,S4.ストリームスプリッター
M1,M2,M3.ストリームミキサー
H1,H2,H3,H4,H5.熱交換器
ここで、蒸気予備改質器(F)への蒸気は、ストリームスプリッター(S2)と熱交換器(H5)を介してメイン水供給ライン(03)から供給される。これにより得られる予備改質された燃料ストリーム(11)は改質器(G)に送られ、そこでさらに改質され完全に改質された燃料(12)が生成する(図面では、燃料電池のアノードには内部改質能力はない)。燃料電池の運転時には、改質燃料(12)をアノード排気(14)の回収部(17)と混合し、燃料電池用供給ストリーム(13)を形成し、後者は燃料電池(H)(アノード)に供給される。燃料電池(H)のカソード(別々には図示していない)には、熱交換器(H4)を介して空気(02)が供給される。
Claims (15)
- 有機硫黄化合物を実質的に含有しない燃料を改質し、水素含有ストリームを製造する燃料電池システム用の水素製造方法。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、燃料電池システムに供給される一次炭化水素燃料の水素添加脱硫に用いる請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、システムの始動時における燃料電池システム用の燃料として用いる請求項1又は2に記載の製造方法。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、システムの停止時における燃料電池システム用の燃料として用いる請求項1から3のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
- 改質される上記燃料が、多くて1体積ppmの硫黄を含む請求項1から4のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
- 改質される上記燃料が、多くて0.1体積ppmの硫黄を含む請求項5記載の製造方法。
- 改質される上記燃料が、全く硫黄を含まない請求項6記載の製造方法。
- 改質される上記燃料が、バイオエタノール、バイオディーゼル、ナタネ油、ナタネメチルエステル、キャノーラオイル、キャノーラメチルエステル、トウモロコシ油、麻美油、スイッチグラスオイル、脂肪酸メチルエステル、アマニ油、アマニメチルエステル、ヒマワリ油、ヒマワリ油メチルエステル、大豆油、パルミチン酸、ラウリン酸、ステアリン酸、ラノリン酸、そしてこれらの2種以上の混合物から選択される請求項1から7のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
- 上記燃料を、上記改質器、自熱改質器又は部分酸化反応器を用いて改質し、水素含有ストリームを製造する請求項1から8のいずれか一つに記載の製造方法。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを一次燃料と混合し、次いで水素添加触媒に供給し、そこで一次燃料中の有機硫黄化合物をH2S及び/又は硫黄を含有しない炭化水素に転化する請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から10のいずれか一つに記載の方法により水素含有ストリームを製造する燃料電池の運転方法。
- 有機硫黄化合物を実質的に含まない燃料から水素含有ストリームを製造するのに用いる燃料改質器、を備えた燃料電池システム。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、燃料電池システムに供給される一次炭化水素燃料の水素転化脱硫に用いる請求項12記載のシステム。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、システムの始動時における燃料電池システム用の燃料として用いる請求項12又は13に記載のシステム。
- 上記水素含有ストリームを、システムの停止時における燃料電池システム用の燃料として用いる請求項12から14のいずれか一つに記載のシステム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AUPS1934 | 2002-04-23 | ||
| AUPS1934A AUPS193402A0 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2002-04-23 | Method of operating a fuel cell |
| PCT/AU2003/000479 WO2003092102A1 (en) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-22 | Method of operating a fuel cell |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2005532660A true JP2005532660A (ja) | 2005-10-27 |
| JP4741231B2 JP4741231B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
Family
ID=3835511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004500354A Expired - Fee Related JP4741231B2 (ja) | 2002-04-23 | 2003-04-22 | 燃料電池の運転方法 |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7497882B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1497878B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP4741231B2 (ja) |
| AT (1) | ATE464664T1 (ja) |
| AU (2) | AUPS193402A0 (ja) |
| CA (1) | CA2480611C (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE60332104D1 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2003092102A1 (ja) |
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| KR20140116057A (ko) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-10-01 | 사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니 | 보조 전력 유닛 적용을 위한 수소화탈황 유닛 및 고체 산화물 연료 전지 시스템 조합에 전달하기 위한 비-접촉 수소 발생 공정 |
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| JP2009513771A (ja) * | 2005-10-26 | 2009-04-02 | サンパイン・アクチボラゲット | 粗トールオイルから得られる自動車燃料およびファインケミカル |
| KR20140116057A (ko) * | 2011-10-14 | 2014-10-01 | 사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니 | 보조 전력 유닛 적용을 위한 수소화탈황 유닛 및 고체 산화물 연료 전지 시스템 조합에 전달하기 위한 비-접촉 수소 발생 공정 |
| JP2015501345A (ja) * | 2011-10-14 | 2015-01-15 | サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニー | 補助電源ユニット用途における水素化脱硫ユニットおよび固体酸化物形燃料電池システムの組み合わせへの送達のための非触媒水素発生プロセス |
| KR101952986B1 (ko) | 2011-10-14 | 2019-02-27 | 사우디 아라비안 오일 컴퍼니 | 보조 전력 유닛 적용을 위한 수소화탈황 유닛 및 고체 산화물 연료 전지 시스템 조합에 전달하기 위한 비-촉매 수소 발생 공정 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE464664T1 (de) | 2010-04-15 |
| DE60332104D1 (de) | 2010-05-27 |
| AU2003218905A1 (en) | 2003-11-10 |
| EP1497878A1 (en) | 2005-01-19 |
| CA2480611C (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| AUPS193402A0 (en) | 2002-05-30 |
| EP1497878A4 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
| US20050158594A1 (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| US7497882B2 (en) | 2009-03-03 |
| CA2480611A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| EP1497878B1 (en) | 2010-04-14 |
| WO2003092102A1 (en) | 2003-11-06 |
| JP4741231B2 (ja) | 2011-08-03 |
| AU2003218905B2 (en) | 2008-05-08 |
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