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GB2140462A - Multi-layer coated metallic body - Google Patents

Multi-layer coated metallic body Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2140462A
GB2140462A GB08413299A GB8413299A GB2140462A GB 2140462 A GB2140462 A GB 2140462A GB 08413299 A GB08413299 A GB 08413299A GB 8413299 A GB8413299 A GB 8413299A GB 2140462 A GB2140462 A GB 2140462A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
shell
hard
type coating
coating
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08413299A
Other versions
GB8413299D0 (en
Inventor
August Muhlratzer
Hans Zeilinger
Walter Busse
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MAN AG
Original Assignee
MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG filed Critical MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
Publication of GB8413299D0 publication Critical patent/GB8413299D0/en
Publication of GB2140462A publication Critical patent/GB2140462A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

A coated body of metallic material is formed by depositing a shell-type coating on a metallic base body of preferably a ductile base material and by surfacing this coating with a hard material, such as TiN, TiC, CrCx, or Al2O3. The coated body exhibits both notable hardness and excellent wear resistance.

Description

SPECIFICATION Coated metallic materials This invention relates to the coating of metallic materials, rnore particularly a body and article made from metallic material, to impart thereto hardness and compressive strength, and resistance to wear.
It is known to superficially fuse steel parts and concurrently add alloying elements in order to impart certain, desirable properties to the so-treated surface of the part upon resolidification. In this matter, laser beams have been used to alloy steel surfaces and alloying elements have been diffused into the locally fused surface (laser alloying). The simultaneous alloying addition of Cr and C produce hard surfaces with Cr3C2 segregations of uniform grain size and morphology.
Such treatment of metal surfaces has its limitations. The addition of certain surface alloying elements, which with one grade of steel may improve the surface properties, may produce completely different, undesirable results with another grade, since surface fusion will cause constituents of the base metal to enter the surface alloy. Even greater differences in results arise as between different metals and metal alloys.
A further disadvantage is that when attempting to coat a workpiece, after surface treatment to improve its tolerence of compressive stresses, with a wearresistant hard material layer, such as TiC or TiN, by the CVD or PVD process, the temperature reached during coating is high enough to change the structure of the base material sufficiently to negate the compressive strength pre-treatment. This can be avoided by using specific base materials that will resist structural changes but such materials, are by no means readily available in unlimited selection.
One object of the present invention is to enable the coating of metallic materials, objects and articles so as to impart notable hardness and compressive strength and high resistance to wear resistance, such that the choice of the base material is not of critical importance.
According to this invention we propose a coated metallic body with a shell-type coating deposited on which is a hard-material layer.
We also propose a method of making a coated metallic body, comprising applying a shell-type coating on the surface of a base material and the subsequent precipitation of a hard-material layer on the shell-type coating.
In a preferred embodiment, the base material is a preferably low-cost ductile base material and has applied thereto by any suitable technique, a highstrength, shell-type coating several tenths of a millimetre to several mm thick. Subsequently, following (minor) surface treatment of the functional surfaces underwear, a thin and extremely hard surface layer is precipitated on to the shell-type coating by, for example, chemical (CVD) or physical (PVD) vapour deposition.
The shell-type coating may be applied by, for example, spraying (plasma, flame), welding (TIG, laser) and especially hot isostatic pressing (HIP). One particular advantage afforded by the hot isostatic pressing process is that it produces a fine-particle isotropic structure of the coating material selected and that the resulting surface requires little mechanical finishing. All powder materials yielding a minimum coating strength of 2000 Nmm-2 are suitable for forming the shell-type coating. Preferred materials include cold working steels, high-speed steels, stellite and hard metals.
For subsequent surface layers suitable materials include all hard materials that can be deposited by CVD (chemical vapour deposition) or PVD (physical vapour deposition). Preferred materials are titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbide (TiC), chromium carbide (CrCx), aluminium oxide (A1203) and combinations thereof (i.e. multiple layers) for the CVD process, and titanium nitride (TiN) for PVD.
A metallic basic body having deposited thereon by hot isostatic pressing, a hard-material coating of great strength and on top of that, a surface layer of a hard material, produces a highly wear-resistant body.
In keeping with general practice, components to be coated and surfaced may be made sufficiently undersize to allow for the thickness of the coating and surface layer.
Various embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the following examples: Example 1 Protective shaft sleeves for pumps are required to be wear-resistant, and for this reason are usually manufactured from solid hard metal but this is expensive and owing to the brittleness of the hard metal, the sleeves are susceptible to fracture under load.
We propose making a protective shaft sleeve from GX 22 CrNi 17 steel (suitable for use in corrosive media), as a base material and machining the part undersize. A coating of hard metal having a thickness of about 2mm is then diffusion welded, using a nickel binder, to the functional surface of the steel base material by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at 1200"C and 1000 bar for 3 hours. This makes the part somewhat oversize and it is then machined to about 1/100 mm undersize. Using the CVD process at 1050"C for 2 hours a TiC layer 3 to 5 lim thick is precipitated on to the polished surface and using the same process but at 950 to 1000C for 2 hours a TiN layer about 5sLm thick is deposited on top of the TiC layer.Precipitation took place using titanium (IV) chloride and nitrogen in hydrogen as a carrier gas.
Alternatively, the hard metal coating may be deposited by plasma spraying. In this way protective shaft sleeves can be manufactured much more economically then heretofore. The wear resistance achieved is as good as that of the solid hard-metal version. Much improved over the latter, however, was the safety with which it could be handled.
Example 2 A coating 1 mm thick of a high-carbide cold working steel containing 2.3% C, 13% Cr, 4% V and 1% Mo is diffusion welded on the undersize head of a valve tappet of steel C 45 by the HIP process at 1050"C and 1000 bar for 3 hours. The coating was then polished prior to applying by the CVD process a coating of TiC, the TiC being precipitated from TiCI4 and methane (CH4) in H2 as a carrier gas. Deposition is carried out at 1 050"C over a period of 2 hours to produce a coating thickness of about 8 Fm. Since the cold working steel is hardened by the CVD coating temperature (gas cooling) it is then stress relieved.
In the alternative, the cold working steel may be deposited by TIG welding.
A tappet produced in this manner has a very low coefficient of friction and high wear resistance.
Example 3 A forging die plate of hot working steel X 40 CrMoV 5 1 is provided with a stellite coating comprising of 1.05 to 1.25 % C,27 to 30 % Cr, 4 to 5 % W, 1.1 to 1.25 % Si, remainder Co, by diffusion welding using the HIP process for 3 hours. The conditions were 1100 C and 900 bar. After mechanical finishing, an Awl203 layer is deposited by the CVD process, using an intermediate layer of Ti N. The TiN is precipitated for 1 hour as described in Example 1 above, to produce a coating approximately 3 lim thick. Thereafter the temperature is raised to 1000"C and Al203 is deposited using AICI3 and CO2 in hydrogen carrier gas.A deposition time of 1 hour produces a coating thickness of about 5 pm. The die plate is then hardened in a vacuum and tempered.
Example 4 The leading edge of a turbine blade of heatresistant 12% chrome steel is provided with a stellite coating by the HIP process as in Example 3 and this, in turn, is then coated by the CVD process with TiN and Al203 prior to final heat treatment of the blade.
Example 5 By diffusion welding at 1200"C and 1000 bars a flowturningrollerof high-speed steel S 6-5-2 is provided with a 2-mm coating of cobalt-bound hard metal by HIP for 3 hours. After grinding for dimensional corection and polishing of the coating, the roller is coated bythePVD process with aTiN layer 5 Fm thick, using the ion planting technique. In this process, titanium is vapourised by an electron beam and reacted with nitrogen, using a substrate tension of 1 kV, a substrate temperature of 500"C and a gas pressure of about 10-3 bar.
Flow turning rollers manufactured in this way have a much better working life than conventional high-speed steel rollers.
Example 6 Kneading and conveying screws and backflow barriers of hot working steel (X 40 CrMoV 5 1), such as are used in machinery for the plastics industry can be coated to a thickness of 0.5 mm with high-speed steel composed of 1.3% C, 4.2% Cr, about 6% W, 4 to 5% Mo, 3 to 4% V, remainder Fe, by hot isostatic pressing for 3 hours at 1050"C and 1000 bars. After mechanical finishing of the functional surfaces, a TiC layer having a thickness of 6 to 8 Fm, is applied by the CVD process described in Example 2, but over a period of 4 hours.
After CVD treatment the parts are hardened in a vacuum at 1060"C and tempered at 540"C.

Claims (9)

1. A coated body comprising a body of metallic material having a shell-type coating and deposited thereon a layer of a hard material.
2. A body according to claim 1, comprising a shell-type coating formed from a powdered material on a ductile base material, and a layer of a hard material deposited on the coating.
3. A body according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the shell-type coating is a cold-working tool steel, a high-speed tool steel, stellite and/or hard metal.
4. A body according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the hard material layer consists of TiN, TiC, CrCx, Al203 or combinations thereof.
5. A body according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the base material is a steel of grade class Nos. 10to 80 (unalloyed and alloyed highgrade steels) in accordance with the materials numbering system (Stahl-Eisen-Liste, 7th edition, 1981, p.5).
6. A method of making a coated body comprising applying a shell-type coating on the surface of a body of metallic material and depositing a layer of hard-material on to the shell-type coating.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the shell-type coating is applied to the ductile base material by plasma orflame spraying, by welding or hot isostatic pressing (HIP).
8. A method according to claim 6 or claim 7, wherein the hard-material layer is deposited by chemical or physical vapour deposition.
9. A method of making a coated body substantially as hereinbefore described in the Examples.
GB08413299A 1983-05-25 1984-05-24 Multi-layer coated metallic body Withdrawn GB2140462A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833318999 DE3318999A1 (en) 1983-05-25 1983-05-25 COATED METAL OBJECT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8413299D0 GB8413299D0 (en) 1984-06-27
GB2140462A true GB2140462A (en) 1984-11-28

Family

ID=6199860

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB08413299A Withdrawn GB2140462A (en) 1983-05-25 1984-05-24 Multi-layer coated metallic body

Country Status (4)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS59229482A (en)
DE (1) DE3318999A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2546448A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2140462A (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218113A (en) * 1986-12-12 1989-11-08 Vapor Technologies Inc A method of protecting ceramic bodies against mechanical and thermal action.
GB2224515A (en) * 1988-09-08 1990-05-09 Beck August Gmbh Co Cutting tip coated with hard material
US5246787A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-09-21 Balzers Aktiengesellschaft Tool or instrument with a wear-resistant hard coating for working or processing organic materials
EP1512484A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-09 Metso Powdermet Oy Method for manufacturing roll type products
CN1313635C (en) * 2004-11-02 2007-05-02 江苏大学 Flame spray welding process for titanium alloy surface wearable coating
US20090162207A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Sulzer Markets And Technology Ag Method For The Manufacture Of An Erosion Protection Layer And A Component With Said Erosion Protection Layer
CN104525860A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-22 西安理工大学 Engine tappet and production method thereof

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3724626A1 (en) * 1986-07-31 1988-02-04 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Coated blade for steam turbines and coating method to be used therefor
DE102006020101A1 (en) * 2006-04-29 2007-10-31 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Harmetall wear protection layers for soft and non-hardenable metals
DE102010004529A1 (en) * 2010-01-14 2011-07-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft, 80809 Method for manufacturing connecting-rod eyes of connecting rod for lifting cylinder-combustion engine, involves directly applying stock material about pre-processing diameter, and directly applying sliding layer on stock material

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB900263A (en) * 1960-08-11 1962-07-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in or relating to protective metal coatings
GB1115911A (en) * 1964-06-27 1968-06-06 Mial Internat S A Method for depositing thin metal coatings
GB1342071A (en) * 1970-04-17 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
GB1342072A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
GB1380237A (en) * 1972-03-20 1975-01-08 Nat Res Corp Surface treatment of chromium steels
GB1394108A (en) * 1971-11-12 1975-05-14 Sandco Ltd Coated hard metal body
GB1425633A (en) * 1972-02-04 1976-02-18 Cutanit Cemented carbide elements
GB1438654A (en) * 1972-08-05 1976-06-09 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Members having a cutting edge
GB1471977A (en) * 1973-09-28 1977-04-27 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Organic coating of metallic substrates
EP0043781A1 (en) * 1980-06-06 1982-01-13 CENTRE STEPHANOIS DE RECHERCHES MECANIQUES HYDROMECANIQUE ET FROTTEMENT Société dite: Method to produce a composite layer resistant to galling, abrasion, corrosion, alternating-stress fatigues, and composite layer produced by this process
EP0047987A1 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Cationic electrodeposition lacquer-coated steel material
GB2109415A (en) * 1981-10-01 1983-06-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Wear resistant amorphous alumina coating for hard alloys
GB2110246A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-06-15 Vni Instrument Inst Multilayer coating for metal-cutting tool

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DE1166584B (en) * 1956-03-09 1964-03-26 Norton Co Process for the production of metal oxide coatings with high resistance to thermal shocks by spraying
FR1436720A (en) * 1965-03-16 1966-04-29 Metallisation Soc Nouv Process for hardening objects made of metals or alloys with a relatively low melting point
CH542678A (en) * 1969-06-02 1973-10-15 Suisse De Rech S Horlogeres La Composite material for cutting tools
CH1466870A4 (en) * 1970-10-02 1977-08-15
US3837894A (en) * 1972-05-22 1974-09-24 Union Carbide Corp Process for producing a corrosion resistant duplex coating
US3951612A (en) * 1974-11-12 1976-04-20 Aerospace Materials Inc. Erosion resistant coatings
AT342324B (en) * 1975-02-28 1978-03-28 Plansee Metallwerk USED AND JEWELRY ITEMS
GB1542856A (en) * 1975-11-14 1979-03-28 Fulmer Res Inst Ltd Coated die and a method for the production thereof
US4255495A (en) * 1979-10-31 1981-03-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Corrosion resistant thermal barrier coating
NL7908745A (en) * 1979-12-04 1981-07-01 Skf Ind Trading & Dev METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AN ARTICLE APPLIED BY THERMAL SPRAYING AND OBJECT, IN PARTICULAR A DRILLING CHISEL, OBTAINED BY THIS METHOD
CH643421B (en) * 1980-04-10 Asu Composants Sa DEPOSIT PROCESS FOR A HARD COATING OF A GOLD COMPOUND, DEPOSIT TARGET FOR SUCH A PROCESS AND JEWELERY INCLUDING SUCH A COATING.
JPS5864378A (en) * 1981-10-09 1983-04-16 Katsuhiro Okubo Production of external parts for cosmetics

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB900263A (en) * 1960-08-11 1962-07-04 Bosch Gmbh Robert Improvements in or relating to protective metal coatings
GB1115911A (en) * 1964-06-27 1968-06-06 Mial Internat S A Method for depositing thin metal coatings
GB1342071A (en) * 1970-04-17 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
GB1342072A (en) * 1971-04-19 1973-12-25 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Razor blades
GB1394108A (en) * 1971-11-12 1975-05-14 Sandco Ltd Coated hard metal body
GB1425633A (en) * 1972-02-04 1976-02-18 Cutanit Cemented carbide elements
GB1380237A (en) * 1972-03-20 1975-01-08 Nat Res Corp Surface treatment of chromium steels
GB1438654A (en) * 1972-08-05 1976-06-09 Wilkinson Sword Ltd Members having a cutting edge
GB1471977A (en) * 1973-09-28 1977-04-27 Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp Organic coating of metallic substrates
EP0043781A1 (en) * 1980-06-06 1982-01-13 CENTRE STEPHANOIS DE RECHERCHES MECANIQUES HYDROMECANIQUE ET FROTTEMENT Société dite: Method to produce a composite layer resistant to galling, abrasion, corrosion, alternating-stress fatigues, and composite layer produced by this process
EP0047987A1 (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-24 Nippon Steel Corporation Cationic electrodeposition lacquer-coated steel material
GB2110246A (en) * 1981-02-23 1983-06-15 Vni Instrument Inst Multilayer coating for metal-cutting tool
GB2109415A (en) * 1981-10-01 1983-06-02 Sumitomo Electric Industries Wear resistant amorphous alumina coating for hard alloys

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2218113A (en) * 1986-12-12 1989-11-08 Vapor Technologies Inc A method of protecting ceramic bodies against mechanical and thermal action.
GB2224515A (en) * 1988-09-08 1990-05-09 Beck August Gmbh Co Cutting tip coated with hard material
GB2224515B (en) * 1988-09-08 1993-03-03 Beck August Gmbh Co Carbide cutting tool coated with hard material
US5246787A (en) * 1989-11-22 1993-09-21 Balzers Aktiengesellschaft Tool or instrument with a wear-resistant hard coating for working or processing organic materials
EP1512484A1 (en) * 2003-09-03 2005-03-09 Metso Powdermet Oy Method for manufacturing roll type products
CN1313635C (en) * 2004-11-02 2007-05-02 江苏大学 Flame spray welding process for titanium alloy surface wearable coating
US20090162207A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-06-25 Sulzer Markets And Technology Ag Method For The Manufacture Of An Erosion Protection Layer And A Component With Said Erosion Protection Layer
CN104525860A (en) * 2014-11-18 2015-04-22 西安理工大学 Engine tappet and production method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8413299D0 (en) 1984-06-27
JPS59229482A (en) 1984-12-22
DE3318999A1 (en) 1984-11-29
FR2546448A1 (en) 1984-11-30

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