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EP4441451B1 - Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur d'un four rotatif - Google Patents

Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur d'un four rotatif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4441451B1
EP4441451B1 EP23710780.0A EP23710780A EP4441451B1 EP 4441451 B1 EP4441451 B1 EP 4441451B1 EP 23710780 A EP23710780 A EP 23710780A EP 4441451 B1 EP4441451 B1 EP 4441451B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
gas
fuel
determined
limit value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23710780.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4441451A1 (fr
EP4441451C0 (fr
Inventor
Karl Lampe
Eike Willms
Ines Veckenstedt
Jost Lemke
Thomas Deck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dyckerhoff GmbH
Heidelberg Materials AG
Thyssenkrupp Polysius GmbH
Schwenk Zement GmbH and Co KG
Vicat SA
Original Assignee
Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG
Dyckerhoff GmbH
Heidelberg Materials AG
Thyssenkrupp Polysius GmbH
Vicat SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE20225195A external-priority patent/BE1030366B1/de
Priority claimed from DE102022202711.6A external-priority patent/DE102022202711A1/de
Application filed by Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG, Dyckerhoff GmbH, Heidelberg Materials AG, Thyssenkrupp Polysius GmbH, Vicat SA filed Critical Schwenk E Baustoffwerke KG
Publication of EP4441451A1 publication Critical patent/EP4441451A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4441451B1 publication Critical patent/EP4441451B1/fr
Publication of EP4441451C0 publication Critical patent/EP4441451C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/34—Arrangements of heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories or equipment specially adapted for rotary-drum furnaces
    • F27B7/42—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F27D99/0001—Heating elements or systems
    • F27D99/0033—Heating elements or systems using burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0006—Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value

Definitions

  • Rotary kilns are commonly used in the cement and mineral industries and are used, for example, to burn preheated cement raw meal to produce cement clinker.
  • the calciner is preferably located between the last and penultimate cyclone stages. This calciner has a riser pipe into which the raw meal is heated by means of a calciner furnace. In particular, the raw meal is deacidified and calcined in the calciner.
  • the cooler preferably has a conveying device for conveying the bulk material in the conveying direction through the cooling gas chamber.
  • the cooling gas chamber is preferably arranged directly behind the cooler inlet, in particular the material outlet of the kiln, in the flow direction of the bulk material to be cooled, so that the clinker falls from the rotary kiln into the cooling gas chamber and, in particular, the heated cooling gas stream from the cooler enters the rotary kiln and at least partially forms the combustion gas.
  • the burner of the rotary kiln is preferably a single burner lance and/or a single-channel or multi-channel burner with a plurality of coaxially arranged tubes or channels.
  • the burner is preferably mounted on the wall, in particular the inner wall, of the kiln head, in particular on a static area of the rotary kiln, and extends in particular in the axial direction, preferably centrally, into the rotary kiln's rotary tube.
  • the burner comprises, for example, a plurality of tubes, in particular four tubes, which are arranged coaxially to one another and have different diameters.
  • a central tube is arranged in the center and forms a central channel.
  • the central tube with the smallest diameter is used to transport, in particular, lumpy fuel, such as substitute fuels made from waste or production residues, such as old tires.
  • a carrier gas is passed through the central tube together with the fuel and serves to pneumatically transport the fuel.
  • the carrier gas is in particular a low-oxygen gas with an oxygen concentration of 0 to 30 vol%, in particular 2 to 20 vol%, preferably 10 to 15 vol%, most preferably less than 10 vol%.
  • the transport gas preferably has a CO2 concentration of 70 to 95 vol%, in particular 80 to 90 vol%, preferably more than 75 vol%.
  • the remaining portion of the transport gas preferably comprises oxygen and/or water vapor and/or another inert gas component.
  • the central tube is preferably connected to a source for fuel, in particular lumpy substitute fuel, and a source for the transport gas.
  • a swirl gas tube is preferably arranged coaxially around the central tube, forming a swirl gas channel.
  • the swirl gas channel preferably serves to conduct a swirl gas with an oxygen content of 0 to 100 vol%, in particular 0 to 75 vol%, preferably less than 10 vol%.
  • the swirl gas channel is preferably connected to a source of the swirl gas.
  • the swirl gas tube extends, for example, axially, in the direction of the burner orifice, beyond the central tube.
  • the fuel tube is preferably arranged coaxially to the swirl gas tube and forms a fuel channel and is preferably designed to conduct a fine-particle fuel, such as coal, as well as a carrier gas for pneumatically transporting the fuel through the fuel channel.
  • the carrier gas preferably has an oxygen content of 0 to 30 vol%, in particular 2 to 20 vol%, preferably less than 10 vol%.
  • the transport gas preferably has a CO2 concentration of 70 to 95 vol%, in particular 80 to 90 vol%, preferably more than 75 vol%.
  • the remaining portion of the transport gas preferably comprises oxygen and/or water vapor.
  • the fuel tube preferably extends axially, in the direction of the burner mouth, over the central tube and out of the swirl gas tube.
  • the fuel channel is preferably connected to a source for the carrier gas and the, in particular, fine-grained fuel.
  • a liquid or gaseous fuel can also be used, which is introduced into the combustion chamber under pressure without any portion of the transport gas.
  • the axial gas tube is preferably arranged coaxially around the fuel tube, forming an axial gas channel and preferably serving to conduct an axial gas.
  • the axial gas preferably has an oxygen content of 0 to 100 vol%, in particular 0 to 75 vol%, preferably less than 10 vol%, with the axial gas channel preferably being connected to a source for the axial gas.
  • the axial gas tube extends, in particular, in the axial direction, toward the burner mouth, over the central tube, the fuel tube, and the swirl gas tube.
  • the fuel-gas mixture preferably comprises the carrier gas, the axial gas and/or the swirl gas, as well as a fine-grained fuel and/or a coarse-grained fuel, in particular a substitute fuel.
  • the carrier gas, swirl gas and/or the axial gas comprise at least partially or completely exhaust gas from the rotary kiln or exhaust gas from the cement production plant discharged from the rotary kiln.
  • the axial gas and the swirl gas preferably have a higher flow velocity relative to the carrier gas, so that the axial gas and the swirl gas preferably impart a swirl impulse to the mixture of fuel and carrier gas.
  • the swirl gas tube, in particular the burner mouth is designed such that the swirl gas has a substantially tangential flow direction relative to the burner axis.
  • the axial gas tube, in particular the burner mouth is designed such that the axial gas has a substantially axial flow direction relative to the burner axis.
  • control and regulation refer to processes in automation technology.
  • regulation refers to a process in which a variable, the controlled variable, is continuously recorded, compared with another variable, the reference variable, and influenced to achieve an adjustment to the reference variable.
  • control refers to a process in which at least one input variable influences other variables as output or control variables based on the laws inherent in the system.
  • adjustment encompasses both “control” and “regulation.”
  • the ignition distance is the distance, preferably in the axial direction of the rotary kiln, between the burner mouth and the flame. In particular, the ignition distance is the smallest distance between the burner mouth and the burner flame.
  • the flame length is preferably the extension of the burner flame in the axial direction of the rotary kiln, while the flame width is the extension of the burner flame in the radial direction of the rotary kiln.
  • the state variable of the burner flame is compared with a limit value or limit range and in case of a deviation of the determined
  • the flow velocity, quantity and/or momentum of the fuel-gas mixture and/or the fuel properties are set as a state variable from the limit value or limit range.
  • Each state variable of the burner flame preferably has a respective limit value or limit range.
  • the limit range preferably comprises a maximum value and a minimum value, with falling below the limit range comprising falling below the minimum value and exceeding the limit value comprising exceeding the maximum value.
  • the fuel moisture content and/or the grain size of the fuel is preferably increased. If the determined ignition distance exceeds the ignition distance limit value or limit range, the fuel moisture content and/or the grain size of the fuel is preferably reduced.
  • fine-grained material such as lime powder or gypsum powder is fed through the burner, in particular through the fuel duct and/or the axial gas duct, into the combustion zone of the rotary kiln. This prevents ignition of the fuel near the burner mouth. It is also conceivable to increase the flow velocity of the carrier gas if the ignition distance limit value or limit range is undershot.
  • the burner has an axial gas channel through which an axial gas flows and exits the burner mouth in a substantially axial direction of the burner, and a swirl gas channel through which a swirl gas flows and exits the burner mouth in a substantially tangential direction of the burner. burner orifice.
  • the ignition distance is determined and compared with an ignition distance limit value or limit range, wherein if the determined ignition distance deviates from the ignition distance limit value or limit range, the flow velocity, the oxygen content and/or the CO2 content of the axial gas and/or the swirl gas is increased or decreased.
  • only axial gas flows through the axial gas channel and only swirl gas flows through the swirl gas channel in accordance with the above description. Adjusting the flow velocities of the axial gas and the swirl gas ensures a corresponding impulse on the mixture of fuel and carrier gas as it exits the burner orifice, so that the flame shape can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the flame length is determined and compared with a flame length limit or limit range. If the determined flame length deviates from the flame length limit or limit range, the flow velocity and/or momentum of the fuel-gas mixture is increased or decreased.
  • the flow velocity of the fuel-gas mixture is preferably adjusted by adjusting the flow velocities of the axial gas, swirl gas, and/or carrier gas, whereby such an adjustment preferably ensures optimal mixing between the fuel and the gases.
  • the flame length and/or the flame width is determined and compared with a flame length/flame width limit value or limit range, wherein if the determined flame length or flame width deviates from the flame length/flame width limit value or limit range, water vapor, CO2, and/or solid particles are introduced into the combustion zone.
  • the water vapor, CO2, and/or the solid particles are introduced into the rotary kiln, in particular the combustion zone, via the burner and/or via a separate line.
  • the introduction of water vapor, CO2, and/or the solid particles results, for example, in a delay in ignition and/or improved or reduced thermal expansion of the burner flame.
  • the burner has an axial gas channel through which an axial gas flows and exits the burner mouth in a substantially axial direction of the burner, and a swirl gas channel through which a swirl gas flows and exits the burner mouth in a substantially tangential direction of the burner. If the determined flame length deviates from the flame length limit value or limit range, the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel and of the swirl gas in the swirl gas channel is increased or decreased.
  • the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel is preferably increased and/or the flow velocity of the swirl gas in the swirl gas channel is preferably reduced. If the determined flame length exceeds the flame length limit value or limit range, the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel is preferably reduced and/or the flow velocity of the swirl gas in the swirl gas channel is preferably increased.
  • the flow velocity of the carrier gas is preferably unchanged depending on the determined flame length.
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln is at least partially fed to the burner.
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln forms the carrier gas at least partially or completely.
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln is fed partially or completely to the burner via the burner or via a line arranged separately from the burner.
  • the exhaust gas is, for example, at least partially exhaust gas from the cement production plant.
  • the state variable of the burner flame is determined using a camera, in particular an infrared camera.
  • the invention also comprises a rotary kiln for burning raw meal to cement clinker, comprising a burning zone formed within the rotary kiln, a burner with a burner mouth for discharging a fuel-gas mixture into the burning zone, a measuring device which is designed and is arranged to determine at least one state variable of the burner flame, in particular the ignition distance, the flame length and/or the flame width.
  • the rotary kiln has a control/regulation device designed to control/regulate the flow velocity, the quantity and/or the momentum of the fuel-gas mixture and/or the fuel properties as a function of the determined state variable.
  • the measuring device is preferably designed such that it transmits the determined data, in particular the state variables of the burner flame, to the control/regulation device.
  • the rotary kiln preferably has one or a plurality of gas inlets for admitting combustion gas, in particular oxygen.
  • the gas inlets of the rotary kiln are preferably connected to at least one or more gas sources containing a gas with an oxygen content of more than 50 vol%.
  • the control/regulation device is preferably designed such that it sets an oxygen content of more than 50 vol%, in particular more than 75 vol%, preferably more than 90 vol% within the rotary kiln, in particular the combustion zone.
  • the oxygen content within the kiln is preferably greater than 50 vol% overall, although individual regions with an oxygen content of less than 50 vol% may occur locally.
  • control/regulation device is designed such that it compares the state variable of the burner flame with a limit value or boundary range and, if the determined state variable deviates from the limit value or boundary range, adjusts the flow velocity, the quantity and/or the momentum of the fuel-gas mixture and/or the fuel properties.
  • the burner has an axial gas channel designed such that an axial gas flows through it and exits the burner mouth in a substantially axial direction of the burner, and wherein the burner has a swirl gas channel designed such that a swirl gas flows through it and exits the burner mouth in a substantially tangential direction of the burner, and the measuring device is designed such that it determines the ignition distance.
  • the control/regulation device is designed such that, if the determined ignition distance deviates from a predetermined ignition distance limit value or limit range, it increases or decreases the flow velocity, the oxygen content, and/or the CO2 content of the axial gas and/or the swirl gas.
  • the measuring device is designed to determine the flame length.
  • the control/regulation device is preferably designed to compare the determined flame length with a flame length limit or limit range and, if the determined flame length deviates from the flame length limit or limit range, to increase or decrease the flow velocity and/or momentum of the fuel-gas mixture.
  • the rotary kiln has a line for feeding water vapor, CO2, and/or solid particles into the combustion zone, wherein the measuring device is designed such that it determines the flame length and the control/regulation device is designed such that it compares the determined flame length with a flame length limit value or limit range and, in the event of a deviation of the determined flame length from the flame length limit value or limit range, water vapor, CO2, and/or solid particles are fed into the combustion zone.
  • the rotary kiln has a line to the burner A separate line for introducing water vapor, CO2, and/or solid particles into the combustion zone.
  • the line and/or burner are preferably connected to a source of water vapor, CO2, and/or solid particles.
  • the burner has an axial gas channel designed such that an axial gas flows through it and exits the burner mouth in a substantially axial direction of the burner.
  • the burner has a swirl gas channel designed such that a swirl gas flows through it and exits the burner mouth in a substantially tangential direction of the burner.
  • the control/regulation device is preferably designed such that, if the determined flame length deviates from the flame length limit value or limit range, it increases or decreases the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel and of the swirl gas in the swirl gas channel.
  • the rotary kiln has an exhaust gas outlet, wherein the burner is connected to the exhaust gas outlet for conducting at least part of the exhaust gas into the burner.
  • the measuring device is a camera, in particular an infrared camera.
  • Fig. 1 shows a rotary kiln 10 with a rotary tube 12 and a burner 14 arranged within the rotary tube 12.
  • the burner 14 is preferably arranged on a Fig. 1
  • the burner 14 is attached to the inner wall (not shown) of the rotary kiln 12, wherein the inner wall is a static inner wall that does not rotate with the rotary kiln's rotary tube.
  • the burner 14 is attached to the end wall arranged at the end region of the rotary tube or extends through it.
  • the rotary tube 12 is preferably arranged to be rotatable about its longitudinal axis and is oriented in particular downwards in the direction of the furnace head, in particular the burner 14, so that the material to be burned is conveyed within the rotary tube by gravity and by the rotation of the rotary tube 12 in the direction of the burner 14.
  • Fig. 1 further shows a schematic representation of the flame 16 of the burner 14 and the ignition distance 18.
  • the ignition distance 18 is the distance, preferably in the axial direction of the rotary kiln 10, between the burner 14 and the flame 16.
  • the burner 14 has a burner mouth 20, which forms the axial end of the burner 14 and from which the fuel exits the burner 14.
  • the ignition distance 18 is the smallest distance between the burner mouth 20 and the flame 16.
  • the rotary kiln 10 preferably has a measuring device, in particular a camera 22, preferably an infrared camera, which is designed and arranged to determine the ignition gap 18.
  • the camera 22 is preferably attached to the inner wall of the rotary kiln 10, for example, to the rotary tube 12 or the kiln head. It is also conceivable for the camera 22 to be attached to a static inner wall of the kiln head or outside the rotary kiln 10.
  • the measuring device is preferably designed to determine the flame shape, flame length, and flame width.
  • the measuring device is preferably designed such that it detects a flame when the temperature exceeds a value of 1600°C and/or when combustion of the fuel occurs.
  • the measuring device preferably comprises a cooling device for cooling the measuring device.
  • Fig. 2 showed the burner 14 in a sectional view, wherein only the end region of the burner 14 extending into the rotary tube 12 with the burner mouth 20 is shown.
  • the burner 14 comprises, for example, four tubes which are arranged coaxially to one another and have different diameters.
  • the central tube 24 with the smallest diameter is used to transport, in particular, lumpy fuel, such as substitute fuels made from waste or old tires.
  • the central tube 24 forms a central channel 26.
  • a carrier gas is passed through the central tube 24 and serves to pneumatically transport the fuel.
  • the carrier gas is in particular a low-oxygen gas with an oxygen concentration of 0 to 35 vol%, in particular 2 to 20 vol%, preferably 10 to 15 vol%, most preferably less than 10 vol%.
  • the transport gas preferably has a CO2 concentration of 70 to 95 vol%, in particular 80 to 90 vol%, preferably more than 75 vol%.
  • the remaining portion of the transport gas preferably comprises oxygen, nitrogen and/or water.
  • the central pipe 24 is preferably connected to a source of fuel, in particular lumpy substitute fuel, and a source of the transport gas.
  • the swirl gas tube 28 Arranged coaxially to the central tube 24, for example, is the swirl gas tube 28, which forms a swirl gas channel 30.
  • the swirl gas channel 30 is preferably formed between the inner wall of the swirl gas tube 28 and the outer wall of the central tube 24 and preferably serves to conduct a swirl gas.
  • the swirl gas tube 28 extends, for example, in the axial direction, in the direction of the burner mouth 20, beyond the central tube 24.
  • the swirl gas preferably has an oxygen content of 0 to 100 vol%, in particular 30 to 75 vol%, preferably more than 90 vol%.
  • the swirl gas channel 30 is preferably connected to a source for the swirl gas.
  • the fuel tube 32 Coaxially to the swirl gas tube 28, for example, is arranged the fuel tube 32, which forms a fuel channel 34.
  • the fuel channel 34 is formed between the inner wall of the fuel tube 32 and the outer wall of the swirl gas tube 28 and preferably serves to conduct a fine-particle fuel, such as coal, and the conduction of a carrier gas for the pneumatic transport of the fuel through the fuel channel 34.
  • the fuel pipe 32 extends, for example, in the axial direction, in the direction of the burner mouth 20, over the central pipe 24 and out of the swirl gas pipe 28.
  • the carrier gas preferably has an oxygen content of 0 to 30 vol%, in particular 2 to 20 vol%, preferably 10 to 15 vol%, most preferably less than 10 vol%.
  • the transport gas preferably has a CO2 concentration of 70 to 95 vol%, in particular 80 to 90 vol%, preferably more than 75 vol%.
  • the remaining portion of the transport gas preferably comprises oxygen, nitrogen and/or water.
  • the fuel channel 34 is preferably connected to a source for the carrier gas and the in particular fine-grained fuel.
  • the axial gas tube 36 Arranged coaxially to the fuel tube 32, for example, is the axial gas tube 36, which forms an axial gas channel 38.
  • the axial gas channel 38 is formed in particular between the inner wall of the axial gas tube 36 and the outer wall of the fuel tube 32 and preferably serves to conduct an axial gas.
  • the axial gas tube 36 extends, for example, in the axial direction, in the direction of the burner mouth 20, over the central tube 24, the fuel tube 32, and the swirl gas tube 28.
  • the axial gas preferably has an oxygen content of 0 to 100 vol%, in particular 30 to 75 vol%, preferably more than 90 vol%.
  • the axial gas channel 38 is preferably connected to a source for the axial gas.
  • the essential flow direction of the gases is indicated by the arrow.
  • the axial gas and the swirl gas preferably have a high flow velocity relative to the carrier gas.
  • the flow direction of the axial gas is essentially in the axial direction of the burner, while the flow direction of the swirl gas is essentially tangential to the burner.
  • the swirl gas and the axial gas preferably serve to impart an axial and swirl impulse to the fuel exiting the burner orifice 20, in particular from the fuel channel 30 and the central channel 26.
  • the rotary kiln 10 has a control/regulation device connected to the camera 22 for transmitting the data determined by the camera 22, in particular the ignition distance, the flame length, and/or the flame width.
  • the control/regulation device is preferably connected to the device for adjusting the flow velocity and/or the gas quantity and is designed to control/regulate the flow velocity and/or the gas quantity of the gases flowing through the central channel 26, the swirl gas channel 30, the fuel channel 34, and the axial gas channel 38.
  • the control/regulation device is preferably designed to adjust the flow velocity and/or the gas quantity depending on the determined ignition distance, the flame length, and/or the flame width, preferably increasing, decreasing, or leaving it unchanged.
  • the determined state variable of the burner flame is compared with a predetermined limit value or boundary range, and if the determined state variable deviates from the limit value or boundary range, the flow velocity, the quantity and/or the momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties are adjusted. It is also conceivable that the flow velocity, the quantity and/or the momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties are controlled in such a way that a respective predetermined value of the flow velocity, quantity and/or the momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties is assigned to the determined state variable, so that the flow velocity, the quantity and/or the momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties are adjusted to the respective predetermined value depending on the determined state variable.
  • the ignition distance is determined and compared with an ignition distance limit or limit range. If the determined ignition distance falls below the ignition distance limit or limit range, the fuel moisture and/or the grain size of the fuel is increased. If the determined ignition distance exceeds the ignition distance limit value or limit range, the fuel moisture content and/or the grain size of the fuel is reduced.
  • the CO2 content in the carrier gas is increased and preferably the oxygen content of the carrier gas is reduced.
  • the determined ignition distance 18 exceeds the ignition distance limit value or limit range, for example, the CO2 content in the carrier gas is reduced and preferably the oxygen content of the carrier gas is increased.
  • fine-grained material such as lime powder or gypsum powder, is fed through the burner 14, in particular through the fuel channel 34 and/or the axial gas channel 38, into the combustion zone of the rotary kiln 10.
  • the burner 14 has a central channel 26 through which fuel flows together with a carrier gas. Furthermore, the burner 12 has a swirl gas channel 26 through which the swirl gas flows. The burner 12 also has an axial gas channel 38 through which the axial gas flows. In particular, the burner 12 has a fuel channel 34 through which fuel flows together with a carrier gas.
  • the flow velocity and/or the quantity of the carrier gas, in particular in the central channel 26 and/or the fuel channel 34 is increased. If the determined ignition distance 18 exceeds the ignition distance limit value or limit range, for example, the flow velocity and/or the quantity of the carrier gas, in particular in the central channel 26 and/or the fuel channel 34, is reduced.
  • the ignition distance limit value or limit range is undershot, the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel 38 is increased and if the ignition distance limit value or limit range is exceeded, the flow velocity of the Swirl gas in the swirl gas channel 30 is increased and reduced when the ignition distance limit value or limit range is exceeded.
  • the flame length is determined and compared with a flame length limit value or limit range. If the determined flame length falls below the flame length limit value or limit range, the flow velocity of the axial gas in the axial gas channel 38 and of the swirl gas in the swirl gas channel 30 is reduced, and if it exceeds the limit value, the flow velocity is increased.
  • the flow velocity of the carrier gas does not change depending on the determined flame length. For example, if the flame length deviates from the flame length limit value or limit range, water vapor, CO2 , and/or solid particles are fed into the combustion zone. The feed takes place, for example, via the burner or via at least one additional line.
  • the solid particles are fed in particular through the central channel or the fuel channel, with the water vapor and/or the CO2 preferably being fed into the combustion zone through the axial gas channel 38 and/or the swirl gas channel 30.
  • the solid particles include, for example, cement raw meal, limestone meal, calcined cement raw meal and/or fuel ash, which stimulate the heat radiation within the rotary kiln and thus influence the expansion of the burner flame.
  • the feed of water vapor, CO 2 and/or solid particles is increased, for example, whereas the feed is reduced if the flame length limit value or limit range is undershot.
  • the flame shape is determined and compared with a plurality of predetermined flame shapes.
  • each flame shape is assigned a respective predetermined value of the flow velocity, quantity and/or momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties, so that the flow velocity, quantity and/or momentum of the carrier gas and/or the fuel properties are adjusted to the respective predetermined value depending on the determined flame shape.
  • the flame shape is For example, it is about the two-dimensional or three-dimensional extension of the burner flame within the rotary kiln.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un brûleur (14) d'un four rotatif (10),
    dans lequel les flux gazeux alimentant le four rotatif (10) comprennent au total plus de 50 % d'oxygène en volume,
    dans lequel le brûleur (14) comporte un orifice (20) d'où s'échappe un mélange combustible-gaz et
    dans lequel au moins une variable d'état de la flamme du brûleur (16), en particulier la distance d'allumage (18), la forme de la flamme, la longueur de la flamme et/ou la largeur de la flamme, est déterminée,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    la vitesse d'écoulement, la quantité et/ou l'élan du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou les propriétés du combustible sont contrôlés en boucle ouverte/fermée en fonction de la variable d'état déterminée, le gaz d'échappement du four rotatif (10) étant fourni au moins en partie au brûleur (14).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la variable d'état de la flamme du brûleur (16) est comparée à une valeur limite ou à une plage limite et, si la variable d'état déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite ou de la plage limite, la vitesse d'écoulement, la quantité et/ou l'élan du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou les propriétés du combustible sont ajustés.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la distance d'allumage (18) est déterminée et comparée à une valeur limite de distance d'allumage ou à une plage limite et dans lequel, si la distance d'allumage déterminée (18) s'écarte de la valeur limite de distance d'allumage ou de la plage limite, la teneur en humidité du combustible, la taille des particules du combustible, la teneur en CO2 du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou la teneur en oxygène du mélange combustible-gaz est augmentée ou diminuée.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le brûleur (14) possède un canal de gaz axial (38) à travers lequel un gaz axial s'écoule et sort de l'orifice du brûleur (20) dans la direction essentiellement axiale du brûleur (14) et
    un canal de gaz tourbillonnaire (30) à travers lequel un gaz tourbillonnaire s'écoule et sort de l'orifice du brûleur (20) essentiellement dans la direction tangentielle du brûleur (14) et
    la distance d'allumage (18) est déterminée et comparée à une valeur limite de distance d'allumage ou à une plage de limites et
    Si la distance d'allumage déterminée (18) s'écarte de la valeur limite de la distance d'allumage ou de la plage de valeurs limites, la vitesse d'écoulement, la teneur en oxygène et/ou la teneur en CO2 du gaz axial et/ou du gaz tourbillonnaire sont augmentées ou diminuées.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur de la flamme est déterminée et comparée à une valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou à une plage de limites et dans lequel, si la longueur de flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou de la plage de limites, la vitesse d'écoulement et/ou la quantité de mouvement du mélange combustible-gaz est augmentée ou diminuée.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la longueur de la flamme est déterminée et comparée à une valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou à une plage de limites et dans lequel, si la longueur de flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou de la plage de limites, de la vapeur d'eau, du CO2 et/ou des particules solides sont introduits dans la zone de combustion.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel le brûleur (14) possède un canal de gaz axial (38) à travers lequel un gaz axial s'écoule et sort de l'orifice du brûleur (20) dans la direction essentiellement axiale du brûleur (14) et
    un canal de gaz tourbillonnaire (30) à travers lequel un gaz tourbillonnaire s'écoule et sort de l'orifice du brûleur (20) essentiellement dans la direction tangentielle du brûleur (14) et
    Si la longueur de flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite ou de la plage limite de longueur de flamme, la vitesse d'écoulement du gaz axial dans le canal de gaz axial et du gaz tourbillonnaire dans le canal de gaz tourbillonnaire est augmentée ou réduite.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la variable d'état de la flamme du brûleur (16) est déterminée à l'aide d'une caméra (22), en particulier une caméra infrarouge.
  9. Un four rotatif (10) pour brûler de la farine crue en clinker de ciment ayant une zone de combustion conçue à l'intérieur du four rotatif (10),
    un brûleur (14) doté d'un orifice de brûleur (20) pour décharger un mélange combustible-gaz dans la zone de combustion,
    un dispositif de mesure (22) conçu et disposé de manière à déterminer au moins une variable d'état de la flamme du brûleur (16), en particulier la distance d'allumage (18), la longueur de la flamme et/ou la largeur de la flamme,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    le four rotatif (10) est équipé d'un dispositif de commande en boucle ouverte/fermée conçu pour assurer la commande en boucle ouverte/fermée de la vitesse d'écoulement, de la quantité et/ou de l'élan du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou des propriétés du combustible en fonction de la variable d'état déterminée, le four rotatif (10) étant équipé d'une sortie de gaz d'échappement et le brûleur (14) étant relié à la sortie de gaz d'échappement pour acheminer au moins une partie des gaz d'échappement vers le brûleur (14).
  10. Four rotatif selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu pour comparer la variable d'état de la flamme du brûleur (16) avec une valeur limite ou une plage de limites et, si la variable d'état déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite ou de la plage de limites, pour ajuster la vitesse d'écoulement, la quantité et/ou l'élan du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou les propriétés du combustible.
  11. Le four rotatif selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel le dispositif de mesure (22) est conçu pour déterminer la distance d'allumage (18) et le dispositif de contrôle en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu pour comparer la distance d'allumage déterminée (18) à une valeur limite de distance d'allumage ou à une plage de limites, et dans lequel, si la distance d'allumage déterminée (18) s'écarte de la valeur limite de la distance d'allumage ou de la plage de limites, la teneur en humidité du combustible, la taille des particules du combustible, la teneur en CO2 du mélange combustible-gaz et/ou la teneur en oxygène du mélange combustible-gaz sont augmentées ou réduites.
  12. Four rotatif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel le brûleur (14) possède un canal de gaz axial (38) conçu de manière à ce qu'un gaz axial le traverse et sorte de l'orifice du brûleur (20) dans la direction essentiellement axiale du brûleur (14), et dans lequel
    le brûleur (14) comporte un canal de gaz tourbillonnaire (30) conçu de manière à ce qu'un gaz tourbillonnaire le traverse et sorte de l'orifice du brûleur (20) essentiellement dans la direction tangentielle du brûleur (14) et
    le dispositif de mesure (22) est conçu de manière à déterminer la distance d'allumage (18) et
    dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu de telle sorte que, si la distance d'allumage déterminée (18) s'écarte d'une valeur limite de distance d'allumage ou d'une plage de limites prédéterminée, il augmente ou diminue la vitesse d'écoulement, la teneur en oxygène et/ou la teneur en CO2 du gaz axial et/ou du gaz tourbillonnant.
  13. Four rotatif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel le dispositif de mesure (22) est conçu pour déterminer la longueur de la flamme et le dispositif de commande en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu pour comparer la longueur de la flamme déterminée avec une valeur limite ou une plage de limites de la longueur de la flamme et, si la longueur de la flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite ou de la plage de limites de la longueur de la flamme, la vitesse d'écoulement et/ou la quantité de mouvement du mélange combustible-gaz est augmentée ou diminuée.
  14. Le four rotatif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, dans lequel le four rotatif (10) possède un conduit pour alimenter la zone de combustion en vapeur d'eau, CO2 et/ou particules solides et dans lequel le dispositif de mesure (22) est conçu pour déterminer la longueur de la flamme et le dispositif de contrôle en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu pour comparer la longueur de la flamme déterminée avec une valeur limite ou une plage de limites de la longueur de la flamme et, si la longueur de flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou de la plage limite, de la vapeur d'eau, du CO2 et/ou des particules solides sont introduits dans la zone de combustion.
  15. Four rotatif selon la revendication 13, dans lequel le brûleur comporte un canal de gaz axial (38) conçu de manière à ce qu'un gaz axial le traverse et sorte de l'orifice du brûleur (20) dans la direction essentiellement axiale du brûleur (14), et dans lequel
    le brûleur (14) comporte un canal de gaz tourbillonnaire (30) conçu de manière à ce qu'un gaz tourbillonnaire le traverse et sorte de l'orifice du brûleur (20) essentiellement dans la direction tangentielle du brûleur (14) et
    dans lequel le dispositif de contrôle en boucle ouverte/fermée est conçu de telle sorte que, si la longueur de flamme déterminée s'écarte de la valeur limite de longueur de flamme ou de la plage de limites, il augmente ou diminue la vitesse d'écoulement du gaz axial dans le canal de gaz axial (38) et du gaz tourbillonnaire dans le canal de gaz tourbillonnaire (30).
  16. Four rotatif selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, dans lequel le dispositif de mesure (22) est une caméra, en particulier une caméra infrarouge.
EP23710780.0A 2022-03-21 2023-03-17 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur d'un four rotatif Active EP4441451B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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BE20225195A BE1030366B1 (de) 2022-03-21 2022-03-21 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners eines Drehrohrofens
DE102022202711.6A DE102022202711A1 (de) 2022-03-21 2022-03-21 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Brenners eines Drehrohrofens
PCT/EP2023/056881 WO2023180199A1 (fr) 2022-03-21 2023-03-17 Procédé pour faire fonctionner un brûleur d'un four rotatif

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006060869A1 (de) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung des Betriebes eines Drehofenbrenners
US20100282185A1 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-11-11 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and method for implementing an oxycombustion
US20210198142A1 (en) 2018-04-30 2021-07-01 Thyssenkrupp Intellectual Property Gmbh Oxyfuel clinker production with special oxygen addition

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004045701A1 (de) * 2004-09-21 2006-03-23 Linde Ag Metallschmelzofen und Verfahren sowie Verwendung zum Schmelzen von Metallen
EP3029004A1 (fr) 2014-12-01 2016-06-08 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Processus d'oxy-calcination
DE102016000290A1 (de) * 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Ci-Tec Gmbh Auswerte- und Regelungsverfahren für Mehrstoffbrenner und Auswerte- und Regelungsanordnung dafür
CN111521003B (zh) * 2020-04-29 2021-03-19 杭州特盈能源技术发展有限公司 一种窑炉用智能控制富氧烧成系统及方法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006060869A1 (de) 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Khd Humboldt Wedag Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung des Betriebes eines Drehofenbrenners
US20100282185A1 (en) 2008-01-17 2010-11-11 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Burner and method for implementing an oxycombustion
US20210198142A1 (en) 2018-04-30 2021-07-01 Thyssenkrupp Intellectual Property Gmbh Oxyfuel clinker production with special oxygen addition

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US20250207858A1 (en) 2025-06-26
EP4441451C0 (fr) 2025-05-07
WO2023180199A1 (fr) 2023-09-28

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