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EP2138995B1 - Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois - Google Patents

Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2138995B1
EP2138995B1 EP08011714A EP08011714A EP2138995B1 EP 2138995 B1 EP2138995 B1 EP 2138995B1 EP 08011714 A EP08011714 A EP 08011714A EP 08011714 A EP08011714 A EP 08011714A EP 2138995 B1 EP2138995 B1 EP 2138995B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tone hole
key
fact
tone
mechanism according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08011714A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2138995B8 (fr
EP2138995A1 (fr
Inventor
Ernst Reißner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reißner Ernst
Original Assignee
Reißner Ernst
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reißner Ernst filed Critical Reißner Ernst
Priority to EP08011714A priority Critical patent/EP2138995B8/fr
Priority to AT08011714T priority patent/ATE525718T1/de
Priority to US12/493,603 priority patent/US7851685B2/en
Publication of EP2138995A1 publication Critical patent/EP2138995A1/fr
Publication of EP2138995B1 publication Critical patent/EP2138995B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2138995B8 publication Critical patent/EP2138995B8/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10D—STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACCORDIONS OR CONCERTINAS; PERCUSSION MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; AEOLIAN HARPS; SINGING-FLAME MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10D9/00—Details of, or accessories for, wind musical instruments
    • G10D9/04—Valves; Valve controls
    • G10D9/047—Valves; Valve controls for wood wind instruments

Definitions

  • the invention consists in an improvement of the handle mechanism of woodwind instruments, especially oboes.
  • the pitch corresponds to the length of the oscillating air column, which in principle extends from the mouthpiece to the next opening in the sound pipe.
  • Woodwind instruments achieve different pitches by acoustically opening the sound pipe i.a. laterally mounted tone holes is shortened.
  • the flutes are woodwind instruments, although today they are usually made of metal, but alphorns, panpipes and organs are not.
  • FIG. 1 closed or open tone holes of the modern French oboe for the notes b to c "are filled or unfilled circles.
  • a fork handle is indicated, for all others a linear handle, on the other hand.
  • a chromatic scale requires a grip mechanism that transfers the finger touch to more distant tone holes if necessary.
  • handle mechanisms largely eliminate fork handles and thus contribute significantly to a homogeneous sound.
  • handle mechanisms introduce additional fork handles when a flap, called K 1 , is supposed to actuate a remote tone hole but undesirably closes the tone hole U 1 below K 1 , although another tone hole U 2 lying closer to the mouthpiece is open.
  • FIG. 1 shows the situation on the basis of the notes b 'and c "on the French oboe, Systeme conserveatoire:
  • the index finger covers the underlying # f-tone hole with the # f-flap, to the b-tone hole or the c-tone hole via a schematic Since, however, the g-tone hole closer to the mouthpiece is open in each case, two fork handles are created.
  • the Viennese oboe uses a trill flap and thereby loses flexibility and sound quality.
  • the English thumbplate system uses an additional thumb lever and loses a significant portion of the range since the thumb lever can not be combined with a third octave flap.
  • the aim of the invention is, while fully retaining the usual grip technology to implement this mechanically so that fork handles are avoided with tonal disadvantages.
  • This problem is solved by the invention by a handle mechanism according to claim 1.
  • This handle mechanism is characterized in that not closing the first tone hole is always closed by closing a first tone hole belonging to a first flap, but only if at least one - preferably all - closer to the mouthpiece-de (s) second (s) Tonloch / Tonlöcher is also closed / are.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to avoid the involuntary but undesirable closing of the underlying first sound hole in each handle in which the pressure of a finger over a flap is to operate a remote tone hole, unless each tone hole closer to the mouthpiece is also closed. In other words, it is preferable to close the first tone hole only when a second tone hole closer to the mouthpiece and the first flap are both closed.
  • the woodwind instrument is an oboe;
  • the invention can also be used in all other woodwind instruments, in particular in the flute, the clarinet, the bassoon and the saxophone.
  • it is a woodwind instrument with Ganzton- and half-tone holes.
  • the grip mechanism is changed so that, while retaining the handles and all other characteristics, when playing b ', c ", b" and c'", the # f-flap prevents the underlying # f-tone hole And indeed, the # f-tone hole is to close just when both the # f-flap, as well as a closer to the mouthpiece located flap, preferably the g-flap, are closed. This means that despite the usual fingering no fork handle is present.
  • the first tone hole is preferably a whole tone hole, which lies directly under a flap in a known grip mechanism for the respective woodwind instrument. According to the prior art, this first door would close directly the first sound hole when the player presses the flap, so presses it with his finger against the pipe. That is, the first flap directly actuates the first tone hole.
  • the handle mechanism and / or the first tone hole are preferably changed so that the first flap does not directly actuate the first tone hole, but via a mediating first mechanism. This makes it possible to design the mechanism such that pushing down the first flap does not always close the first tone hole. There are several ways to do this.
  • the first tone hole - in the oboe preferably the # f tone hole - is not located directly below the associated first flap, but e.g. moved along the perimeter of the wind instrument.
  • the first tone hole is then no longer arranged in a row with the above and below tone holes and is preferably closed by a first mechanism by operating the first flap.
  • the tone hole as seen by the player, is displaced circumferentially about 20 to 120 degrees, preferably 40 to 100 degrees, and most preferably about 90 degrees ⁇ 5 degrees, preferably clockwise.
  • the shifted tone hole should not be placed too far from the conventional hole, especially preferably not on the opposite side of the shower tube when playing down, so that it can not be plugged by condensate running down the back of the instrument.
  • the first flap belonging to this first tone hole is retained, but does not close any more underlying tone hole. Instead, a stopper made of cork, rubber or plastic is preferably attached, which dampens or prevents the impact of the flap on the sound tube.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the recognition that for the acoustics only the distance of a sound hole from the upper end of the sound tube, to which the mouthpiece is attached, is crucial. A sound hole can thus be easily moved on a circular path around the sound tube.
  • a second mechanism is provided which prevents the first tone hole from being closed when the second tone hole is open.
  • This second mechanism is preferably connected to a second flap associated with the second tone hole and preferably communicates with the first mechanism.
  • Both the first and the second mechanism preferably comprise a rocker, which is resiliently acted upon in one of its two tilted positions, wherein the tilted position is preferably adjustable by actuating the first and second flap via a lever mechanism.
  • one or both rockers are at least substantially parallel - i. with a deviation of up to 10 ° or 20 ° - arranged to the axis of the sound tube of the Holblasinstruments.
  • one or both rockers may also be arranged transversely to the axis of the sound tube, so be mounted in the circumferential direction of the sound tube, with a deviation of up to 10 ° or 20 ° is also possible here.
  • the handle mechanism on an additional flap which is elastically held by a return device in the closed position and actuates the first tone hole.
  • the two flaps associated with the first and second tone holes open a return device, such as a return device. holding a spring elastically in the open position, the above-mentioned additional flap, when the flaps are in the open position.
  • the handle mechanism when the second tone hole is open, the handle mechanism preferably prevents the first tone hole from being closed.
  • another half-tone hole lying closer to the mouthpiece eg the b'- or c "-tone hole in the oboe
  • the first and second tone holes are consecutive whole-tone holes, in the case of the oboe, preferably the #f and g-tone holes.
  • the invention is also directed to a handle mechanism for woodwind instruments with Ganzton- and half-tone holes, in which each tone all the tone holes from the mouthpiece to a certain tone are also closed and the other, existing below the specific Tonlochs tone holes are all open.
  • the handle mechanism can be designed as described above.
  • the invention is a modification of the mechanics of the oboe, and preferably the invention is applied simultaneously to the tones b 'and c ", then the # f and the first tone hole, and preferably the g and the second tone hole, are analogous correspond to the # f and the first flap, as well as the g and the second flap.
  • Figures 2 and 3 schematically show an oboe with a handle mechanism according to a first embodiment seen from the mouthpiece in the direction of the inner bore or in a lateral plan view. Additionally shows FIG. 4 Slanted images on which the sound hole U 1 can be seen, which is otherwise covered by the flap K 1 . All figures given represent parts of the mechanics that correspond to the prior art, flat, while new parts hatched.
  • the flap K 1 is rotatably suspended on the shaft l 1 and is held by a spring F 1 "open", ie away from the sound tube.
  • the flap K 1 By pressing with his finger on the flap K 1 , the underlying tone hole U 1 is closed. Accordingly, the flap K 2 actuates the tone hole U 2 .
  • It is rotatably mounted on a shaft l 2 in the extension of l 1 and is held by a spring F 2 in the open position.
  • K 1 , l 1 , F 1 , and U 1 usually on the middle part T 1 , the oboe at the border to the top, K 2 , l 2 , F 2 and U 2, however, are at the top T 2 at the border to the middle part T 1 attached.
  • the first object of the invention is not to involuntarily close the underlying tone hole U 1 with the pressing of the flap K 1 .
  • the sound hole U 1 is no longer located directly under the associated flap K 1 , but, as in FIG. 4 shown left, is moved along a circular path around the longitudinal axis of the sound tube.
  • the tone hole U 1 is thus replaced by U 1 '.
  • This embodiment of the invention is based on the finding that the acoustic effect of a sound hole depends only on its distance from the mouth end of the sound tube.
  • the rotation is preferably selected so that U 1 'is at a location which is not obscured by K 1 , remains free from condensate running down and optionally provides sufficient space for additional mechanics. In the embodiment of the mechanism described here, the preferred rotation seen by the player is approximately 90 ° clockwise.
  • the flap K1 preferably remains in place.
  • a stopper S is provided which prevents K 1 striking the sound pipe.
  • the new tone hole U 1 ' is no longer directly operated by the K 1 as the original, but preferably by a rigidly connected to the flap K 1 but on the other side of the shaft l 1 mounted lever H 1 , on or over End E 1 of a rocker W 1 engages, which preferably runs parallel to the shaft l 1 and at the other end of a plate P 1 is attached, which can open the sound hole U 1 'and close (see FIG. 3 ).
  • the rocker W 1 is rotatably mounted on a bearing L 1 between E 1 and P 1 .
  • a spring f 1 holds the rocker W 1 , in the horizontal position in which the plate P 1 closes the tone hole U 1 '.
  • the mechanism is completely attached to the middle part T 1 of the oboe, a nose N 1 at the E 1 opposite end of W 1 on the plate P 1 extends to the interface to the upper part.
  • Symmetrically with respect to mechanics on the central part of the oboe consists of part of the mechanism at the top of T 2 of the oboe from a rigid with the flap K 2 but connected on the other side of the shaft l 2 mounted lever H 2, the one end E 2 of a Rocker W 2 engages, which is preferably mounted parallel to l 2 and the other end carries a nose N 2 , which extends to the middle part T 1 of the oboe.
  • the rocker W 2 is rotatably mounted in a bearing L 2 between E 2 and N 2 .
  • a spring f 2 holds W 2 in the horizontal position in which N 2 is close to the sound tube.
  • the flap K 2 is the normal flap for actuating an underlying second tone hole U 2 .
  • the two mechanisms engage at the noses N 1 and N 2 .
  • the rocker W 2 is provided with two indentations B 2 , which in FIG. 3 above example between bearing L 2 and nose N 2 are attached. They serve to bridge the two mounted in the usual handle mechanism at this point camp, which preferably cross the rocker W 2 at right angles.
  • One of the bearings belongs to another rocker, which must also be provided with a recess which bridges the lever H 2 .
  • the ends of the rockers W 1 and W 2 are preferably to be filled with cork and the levers H 1 and H 2 are provided with screws. For simplicity, these parts of the mechanics are not shown in the drawing.
  • the rockers of the new mechanism engage the lugs N 1 and N 2 .
  • With the new mechanism additionally press the g-flap to bring the rocker W 2 into the horizontal position.
  • N 2 is close to the sound tube, N 1, however, removed. This allows the upper and middle sections to be pushed together and separated again.
  • the invention is used to particular advantage when upper and middle parts are connected to a bayonet lock which is so narrow that the # f tone hole can be attached to the acoustically ideal position near the transition between upper and middle part.
  • the mechanism and / or the tone hole U 1 are changed so that the flap K 1, the optionally modified tone hole U 1 'no longer necessarily closes.
  • U 1 ' is no longer directly operated as originally by K 1 , but preferably by a plate P 1 , which lies above U 1 .
  • the plate P 1 is preferably mounted on a rocker W 1 which is rotatably mounted in a bearing L 1 and provided with a return device, such as a spring f 1 , which in itself holds W 1 in a "horizontal" position, in which Plate P 1 closes the tone hole U 1 '.
  • a flap K 2 is preferably used as described above.
  • the flap K 2 must first be attached together with the reset device.
  • first embodiment is the end E 2 of the rocker W 2 between the lever H 2 and the sound tube and the spring f 2 holds W 2 horizontally.
  • the end E 1 of the rocker W 1 and the lever H 1 can also be designed according to a third embodiment, that they always move in the same direction, for example by firmly interlocking as FIG. 7 illustrated.
  • One of the springs F 2 or f 2 is then superfluous.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 In addition to the above-described fairly closely related embodiments, there are also further, with attached transversely to the axis of the sound tube additional flap. Put one of them FIGS. 8 and 9 In this fourth embodiment, the two shafts l 1 and l 2 are connected to each other such that the movement of the flap K 2 can be transmitted to the upper part of the lever H 2 , which is arranged in this embodiment, the central part T 1 .
  • the elements of this mechanism which correspond to elements of the above-described realizations, are named the same.
  • FIG. 8 The top two pictures off FIG. 8 show how the lever H 1 and the end E 1 of the rocker W 1 interlock.
  • the lever H 1 and the end E 1 of the rocker W 1 approach the sound pipe and the plate P 1 on the rocker W 1 opens the sound hole U 1 '.
  • the lever H 2 which is operated by the second flap K 2 , engages the end E 1 in the same manner as H 1 .
  • P 1 opens the tone hole U 1 'when either K 1 or K 2 are open.
  • FIG. 9 shows how the mechanics work on top T 2 and middle part T 1 distributed.
  • the lever H 2 on the shaft l 1 that is attached to the central part T 1 , the flap K 2 but on the shaft l 2 at the top l 2 of the oboe.
  • the coupling consists of two complementary sprockets, each attached to the ends of the shafts l 1 and l 2 . When assembled, an internal ring gear engages on one shaft via an external ring gear on the other shaft, so that they are rotatably connected to each other.
  • the waves l 1 , l 2 can be easily separated from each other by pulling along the axes.
  • H 2 may be equipped with its own spring F 2 '(not shown) acting in the same direction as F 2 .
  • FIG. 11 shows the mechanics seen from the horn.
  • the tone hole U 1 results from the original tone hole U 1 by a few degrees clockwise rotation seen from the bell.
  • U 1 ' is covered by a plate P 1 mounted on a rocker W 1 which is rotatably mounted on a bearing L 1 and held in a closed position by a spring f 1 .
  • the new flap is transverse to the axis - that is approximately in the circumferential direction - of the sound tube, but this time with the plate P 1 upwards.
  • K 1 accesses directly without additional lever H 1, with a rigidly associated with P 1 N nose.
  • the plate also opens P 1 .
  • the plate P 1 may be open when K 1 is closed.
  • the power transmission from K 2 to P 1 is similar to that in the previous variant.
  • the lever H 2 engages in the same manner as K 1 under the asymmetrically shaped nose N. 1 In FIG. 11 Please note below that K 2 is at the top, H 2 is at the middle. Therefore, not K 2 , but H 2 in the foreground and operates W 1 on the nose N 1 .
  • FIG. 12 shows a power transmission from K 2 to P 1 via the waves l 1 and l 2 analogous to that in FIG. 9 shown.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Stringed Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Gloves (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Mécanisme de clés pour un instrument de musique de la famille des bois, dans lequel en poussant un premier clapet (K1) contre le tuyau avec un doigt de l'instrumentiste, il est possible aussi bien de fermer un premier trou (U1') appartenant au premier clapet (K1) qui présente, par référence à la colonne d'air, la même distance depuis l'embouchure que le premier clapet (K1), que d'actionner un trou éloigné du premier clapet,caractérisé en ce que le premier trou (U1') n'est pas agencé directement au-dessous du premier clapet (K1), mais est décalé par rapport au premier clapet (K1) le long de la direction périphérique de l'instrument de la famille des bois, et en ce qu'en fermant le premier clapet (K1) le premier trou (U1') n'est pas fermé dans tous les cas, mais uniquement quand un second trou (U2) qui, par référence à la colonne d'air, se trouve plus proche de l'embouchure, est également fermé.
  2. Mécanisme de clés selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier clapet (K1) n'actionne pas directement le premier trou (U1'), mais via un premier mécanisme intermédiaire (H1, W1).
  3. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un second mécanisme (H2, W2) empêche que le premier trou (U1') soit fermé quand le second trou (U2) est ouvert.
  4. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le second trou (U2) est fermé par actionnement d'un second clapet (K2).
  5. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le premier et/ou le second mécanisme comprennent chacun une première et respectivement une seconde bascule (W1, W2), laquelle est sollicitée élastiquement vers l'une de ses deux positions en basculement, ladite position en basculement pouvant être déplacée via un mécanisme à levier (H1, H2) par actionnement du premier ou du second clapet (K1, K2).
  6. Mécanisme de clés selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la première et/ou la seconde bascule (W1, W2) est agencée au moins sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe du tuyau de l'instrument.
  7. Mécanisme de clés selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la première et/ou la seconde bascule (W1, W2) est agencée au moins sensiblement perpendiculairement à l'axe du tuyau de l'instrument.
  8. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'un clapet additionnel (P1), qui est maintenu par un dispositif de rappel élastiquement dans la position fermée, actionne le premier trou (U1').
  9. Mécanisme de clés selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que des clapets (K1, K2) appartenant aux deux trous (U1, U2), qui sont maintenus élastiquement en position ouverte par un dispositif de rappel (F1), ouvrent le clapet additionnel (P1) mentionné ci-dessus, quand les clapets (K1, K2) sont en position ouverte.
  10. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que par fermeture du clapet (K1) appartenant au premier trou (U1'), un autre trou est en outre fermé.
  11. Mécanisme de clés selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'instrument est un hautbois, une flûte traversière ou une clarinette.
  12. Mécanisme de clés selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le premier trou (U1') est le trou #f, et le second trou (U2) est le trou g.
EP08011714A 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois Not-in-force EP2138995B8 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08011714A EP2138995B8 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois
AT08011714T ATE525718T1 (de) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Griffmechanik für holzblasinstrumente
US12/493,603 US7851685B2 (en) 2008-06-27 2009-06-29 Fingering mechanism for woodwind instruments

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08011714A EP2138995B8 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2138995A1 EP2138995A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
EP2138995B1 true EP2138995B1 (fr) 2011-09-21
EP2138995B8 EP2138995B8 (fr) 2012-02-22

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EP08011714A Not-in-force EP2138995B8 (fr) 2008-06-27 2008-06-27 Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois

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US (1) US7851685B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2138995B8 (fr)
AT (1) ATE525718T1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9257105B1 (en) 2014-11-18 2016-02-09 Kanichi Nagahara C# mechanism for flutes and piccolos

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2138995B8 (fr) * 2008-06-27 2012-02-22 Ernst Reißner Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois
USD645099S1 (en) * 2010-08-24 2011-09-13 Christopher Kelly Illuminated trumpet toy
JP6679866B2 (ja) 2015-09-30 2020-04-15 ヤマハ株式会社 管楽器
US10354624B2 (en) * 2015-09-30 2019-07-16 Yamaha Corporation Wind instrument
WO2017199064A1 (fr) 2016-05-18 2017-11-23 Boyd Annie Rose Instrument de musique
CN110164404B (zh) * 2019-07-04 2023-12-19 韩雷 可快速转调的管子

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EP2138995B8 (fr) * 2008-06-27 2012-02-22 Ernst Reißner Mécanisme de clefs pour instruments de musique de la famille des bois

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9257105B1 (en) 2014-11-18 2016-02-09 Kanichi Nagahara C# mechanism for flutes and piccolos

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2138995B8 (fr) 2012-02-22
US7851685B2 (en) 2010-12-14
ATE525718T1 (de) 2011-10-15
US20090320667A1 (en) 2009-12-31
EP2138995A1 (fr) 2009-12-30

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