EP1711774A1

EP1711774A1 - Object protection system and method for protecting objects

Info

Publication number: EP1711774A1
Application number: EP05701294A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Lauer; Andreas Blache; Steffen Speer; Rudolf Salzeder
Original assignee: Buck Neue Technologien GmbH
Current assignee: Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
Priority date: 2004-02-02
Filing date: 2005-02-01
Publication date: 2006-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 2025-02-01
Also published as: DE502005009358D1; DE102004005105A1; ES2342179T3; ATE463713T1; JP2008505306A; PL1711774T3; JP4977036B2; EP1711774B1; WO2005073663A1

Abstract

The invention relates to an object protection system comprising a plurality of delivery devices for smoke grenades comprising active masses. According to the invention, an essentially tubular protective smoke screen (20) constitutes the protection system and is formed by a plurality of smoke zones that are created by individual smoke grenades. The invention also relates to a method for forming a protective smoke screen (20) for an object (10) to be protected.

Description

Object protection system and method for protecting objects

The present invention relates to an object protection system which envelopes an object to be protected by means of nebulization and therefore blocks the view of this object. The invention further relates to a corresponding method for protecting objects.

A fogging is used in the military field to fog an area by means of fog grenades, fog mortars or even distributed mist pots or fog generators. Military applications concern both the privacy of people and the privacy of vehicles. When deployed, the nebulized bodies disassemble at the point of action and distribute the nebulizing mass which is ignited at the same time, whereby partially so-called pellets are used as nebulising masses which are distributed and ignited at the site of action and then generate the nebula from the ground.

However, this type of fog protection is only suitable for the fogging of objects with very low height, such as a person or a vehicle, and remains largely at ground level.

In particular, in view of the political development of recent years and the increasing dangers of terrorist attacks, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an object protection system and a corresponding method which also larger objects, such as buildings, industrial plants or also nuclear power plants, in particular against terrorist attacks, for example, using an aircraft that is targeted to such an object to crash, or by using a remote-controlled aircraft effectively protected by Vemebelung.

This object is achieved by an object protection system according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 12, claims 2 to 11 relate to particularly advantageous embodiments of the object protection system according to the invention, which relate to claims 13 to 20 particularly advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention for protecting objects.

According to the invention, an object protection system comprises a plurality of launcher devices with active masses. The launcher for the smoke grenades are in the vicinity of an object to be protected, such as a building, an industrial plant or a nuclear power plant, arranged, the launcher are designed so that the effective masses are implemented in height, ie, ignited the mist effective mass in height becomes. The firing devices are preferably designed so that the fog grenades can be fired at substantially the same time, in particular in salvoes. By firing the effective masses in height, each fog grenade generates a defined, limited fog area during the implementation.

According to the invention, the launcher and the fog grenade are designed so that the plurality of mist areas generated in combination form a substantially tubular protective cover which surrounds the object to be protected in lateral directions substantially completely and has a minimum height which is at least the height of the protected Object corresponds.

This ensures that the object to be protected is shielded from all sides by the smoke protection cover and the view is blocked from all directions to the object to be protected. At the same time, however, it is not necessary, a very large volume that occupy the objects to be protected partially fog completely, which significantly reduces the amount of required fog grenades and the required active masses and furthermore furthermore has the advantage that the object itself not where appropriate is completely exposed to disturbing fog.

In this way, an object to be protected can be protected quickly and effectively, since a possibly approaching aircraft obstructs the view of the object from the outside, which prevents, for example, a targeted approach and a targeted crash on the object to be protected.

Alternatively, the launcher and the fog grenade according to the invention are designed so that the plurality of mist areas generated in combination at least one Sector of such a tubular protective smoke cover (20), said at least one sector surrounding the object to be protected in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, more preferably over an angular range of at least 180 °, wherein the height of the sector a minimum Height equal to at least the height of the object to be protected. In an object to be protected, which is not formed substantially circular, the angular range of the sector is determined by the smallest possible circle is placed around the outline of the object to be protected, which completely surrounds the object to be protected, the angular range at this the object surrounding circle is determined.

In the context of this invention, it should be noted that mist contains particles (particles or droplets), which particles at least partially have a diameter which is in the size range of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation in the visible range, so that electromagnetic radiation passing through the py - Mikel and Rayleigh scattering is significantly reduced. Furthermore, it also comes to the absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

Objects behind the fog can no longer be detected with sufficient damping by the fog. According to the Koschmieder criterion, the transmission should fall below 2% in order to permanently prevent object recognition in all cases.

In general, the transmitted radiation and the concentration of the mists are linked by the law of Lambert and Beer: τ = e- ^{α (λ) cx}

Where τ is the transmission and x is the optical path length through the irradiated medium, α is the so-called mass extinction coefficient. It is a material immanent size and depends on the wavelength. The mass extinction coefficient thus indicates the ability of the transmission damping for the respective smoke material system. c denotes the concentration of smoke, more precisely the number of scattering and absorbing particles in the mist per unit volume: c = number of particles / volume With the aid of this equation, the knowledge of the mass extinction coefficient can be used to calculate the required concentration of smoke.

Calculation example:

Mass extinction coefficient of a fog system α = 2.6 m ² / g

Optical path length x = cut-off radius d _n = 40 m Transmission to be achieved τ <= 0.02

Then c> = 0.0376 g / m ³ _.

The fog areas that are generated by individual fog grenades are dependent on the cutting radius on the one hand and the sinking speed of the active mass and the burning time of the active mass on the other hand. If, for example, the cutting radius d _n = 40 m, then the fog area generated by this shell has a width of 40 m per grenade. If the effective mass furthermore has a sinking speed of, for example, 4 m / s and a burning time of, for example, 15 seconds, the height of the fog area is about 60 m per grenade, so that a fog area of 40 m × 60 m is generated.

The individual fog areas are generated in the object protection system according to the invention in the form of a mosaic side by side and one above the other, that a substantially tubular smoke protection cover is formed, inside which the object to be protected is located.

It should be noted at this point that quite different fog grenades with different Zerbringungsradien and active materials can be used with different sinking rates and burning times. It is possible to use substantially identical fog grenades, so that all the generated mist areas have substantially the same size, but it is also possible in another embodiment to use different fog grenades with different Zerlegungsradien and sinking rates and burning times. For example, it is possible for fog grenades, which are implemented at a higher altitude to choose smaller Zerlegungsradien. It is also possible in one embodiment of the invention that the generated mist areas are generated in the fog protection sheath substantially directly adjacent to each other, but it is also possible to form the object protection system and in particular the launcher and the fog grenades or to select the effective masses so that the generated mist areas, the size of which is calculated as described above, overlap in order to produce as dense as possible tubular protective cover with sufficiently low transmission in all areas, for example a transmission τ below 4% or below 2%.

As mist effect mass preferably very light elements are used, such as platelets, thin tablets, coated carriers or pellets, coarse granules or dragees, which are able to produce over several seconds, preferably between 3 to 15 seconds, fog, said very light elements preferably have a low rate of descent, so that the burning and fog-generating pieces do not fall through to the ground and there cause a fire hazard. Preferred sinking speeds are in a range of about 2 m / s to 10 m / s, in particular 4 m / s to 6 m / s.

In a further preferred embodiment, irritation effects are additionally realized by the selection of the fog substance as well as the firing sequence which is staggered in time within a certain scope. The effects are produced by decomposition flashes and by the visible burn-off (flame effect) of the active mass. As a result, the eyes of a potential enemy observer, for example in an airplane, are distracted from the exact location of the target and additionally complicates the orientation.

To understand the effect of irritation, one first has to look more closely at how the human eye functions as a detector. It responds to physical stimuli of electromagnetic radiation of about 400 - 800 nm with the sensation of light or color. It is a good imaging system with the possibility of distance and aperture adjustment. The receiver layer is constantly highly sensitive and has a corresponding resolution. This is all the more surprising because there are no high accuracies in the imaging surfaces and the optical centering of the eye. Image errors are not resolved by combining optical elements. Furthermore, the luminance range, which must be bridged when seeing with a sufficiently accurate sense of difference, much larger than the luminance range of physical devices with similar accuracy. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the high performance cited above, the human visual system has incorporated biological compensation and control mechanisms via sensory cells, optic line, visual center in the brain, switching stations, efferent neural pathways, and eye muscles that counterbalance the structural weaknesses. Some of these mechanisms can be influenced by the optional emissive effects.

The retina represents the photosensitive detector and has a complicated structure. The brightness control of this detector is done by aperture control of the pupil and sensitivity change of the sensory cells by photochemical processes. Furthermore, the retina is able to interconnect multiple sensory cells and couple to a nerve fiber. All these effects are affected by the optional emission effects.

A further influence occurs via processes in the visual center of the brain: At the edge of the field of vision, movements or abrupt changes in brightness are perceived better than in the center in order to be able to better recognize approaching threats. Automatically and unconsciously, the area of optimal vision is directed to the edge threat. This mechanism is also evoked by the emissive effects.

As firing devices for the fog grenades, different devices, such as stationary launcher batteries, can be used. The launcher batteries are fanned out in a preferred embodiment to cover different positions in both height and width. The individual launcher tubes aim in different directions, so that the fog grenades are fired in different directions such that their decomposition and effect takes place at the planned action site, namely at the planned location of the fog protective sheath to be produced.

The type of installation and alignment can be used to produce a wide variety of forms of smoke protection envelopes, for example cylinders, cones, cuboids, ellipsoids, etc. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical shapes can be formed, depending on the object shape and structure to be protected.

In addition to the degrees of freedom of the firing direction, the firing energies of the fog grenades can be used as setting and control variables. It is possible to have different fertilize to achieve different distances and to use different delay times between firing and actuation of Zerlegerladung means delay element. It should be noted that with the degrees of freedom launcher, shot energy (and thus launch speed) and delay time any location in the room can be achieved, so that the desired shape of the fog protection shell can be generated by a mosaic composition of individual fog areas of the individual fog grenades.

To optimize the object protection system as many launcher batteries are combined in groups in a preferred embodiment in order to require as few installation locations. Preference for the all-round protection numerous smaller Werfereinheiten (10 to 15) or concentrated 4 to 6 Werfergmppen and Aufstellorte realized. With a small number of installation sites, the effort for energy supply, cabling, paths and weather protection is thus minimized, which significantly reduces the overall costs of the system.

Projector assemblies can be positioned differently depending on the infrastructure and needs, for example on buildings or roofs, but also on the ground. Preferably, the site is chosen so that the required firing energy and the firing shock remains in reasonable magnitudes, being avoided that any duds can pose a source of danger.

Preferably, the object protection system is also designed so that the weft direction is not aimed towards buildings, used roads or roads, including escape routes, or to valuable facilities and buildings. Preferably, certain security zones are defined, in the directions of which no fog grenades are fired.

Preferably, the launcher or the dispenser units are designed so that an exchange and testing of ammunition is possible. For dispenser units installed on the floor, protection against unauthorized access is preferably provided. Devices are preferably provided for protection against splinters in the form of, for example, 2.3 m high protective walls, which can be designed to be open at the top. It is to be considered in the design of the dispenser units that the disassembly of an ammunition No danger to personnel outside the dispenser unit due to splinters in the dispenser.

In various preferred embodiments, the nebula can have different shapes, in particular a cross-section of the nebula in the horizontal direction may have different shapes, for example the horizontal cross section may be substantially circular or oval, but it is also possible for the horizontal cross section to be substantially rectangular or polygonal shape, or any other shape as desired. The cross-sectional shape can be adapted to the shape and structure of the object to be protected, but also deliberately deviate from this, so as not to allow conclusions about the shape of the protective cover on the object to be protected.

The horizontal cross-section of the nebula can have substantially the same shapes at different heights, but it is also possible that the horizontal cross-section also has different shapes at different heights, for example a substantially rectangular shape in a lower region which slowly increases in height Area merges into an oval cross-sectional shape.

It is also possible in one embodiment that the horizontal cross-section at different heights includes a substantially equal area, in a particularly preferred Ausfühmngsform is provided, however, that the smoke protection sheath tapers in a vertical upward direction. In particular, it is advantageous that the smoke protection sheath tapers in a height range which is above the height of the object to be protected.

In a conventional embodiment, the substantially tubular smoke shield is open at the top, although possibly tapered, but in another embodiment it is also possible for the tubular smoke shield to be additionally provided with a lid so that the smoke shield will also protect the object to be protected completely shielded. A completely closed hose-shaped protective mist cover can also be realized, for example, by the fact that the smoke protection cover tapers upwards in the vertical direction in such a way that the walls of the fog protection cover essentially converge and thereby close off the protective cover. In addition to the pure form of the smoke protection cover per se, which, as already mentioned, may be symmetrical or asymmetrical in particular, in one embodiment the smoke protection cover can be designed such that the object to be protected forms substantially centrally within the smoke protection cover However, it is also possible to arrange the object to be protected decentrally within the smoke protection cover. The decentralized arrangement of the object to be protected in the protective mist cover has the advantage that, in particular in the cases in which a not very large volume is detected by the fog protection, a potential attacker can not assume that the object to be protected in the Center of the space formed by the protective cover, so that a Zielfin- formation is further difficult.

In one embodiment, the smoke cover may be generated substantially in the immediate vicinity of the object, but in a preferred embodiment it is provided that the fog wrap is generated at a designated distance from the object so as to provide clearance between the fog wrap and the object to be protected. In particular, this clearance has the advantage that the volume enclosed by the protective cover is increased, thus making it even more difficult to locate the object to be protected, and thus reducing the probability of a hit.

The provision of a free space in addition to the above-mentioned advantages furthermore has the advantage that in the case of wind influences that offset the generated smoke protection cover, the object to be protected remains over a longer period of time within the generated smoke protection cover.

Preferably, therefore, the size of the free space is selected as a function of a required total protection time for the object and as a function of a predetermined wind speed. As wind speed, in preferred embodiments, statistical values are used for the location at which the object to be protected is located, wherein as wind speed, for example, an average wind speed or even a maximum wind speed can be assumed. In a preferred embodiment, the wind speed is taken to be a value chosen so that, for example, in 80% or 90% of all cases, the wind does not exceed the assumed wind force. In addition to the mere strength of the wind speed, from which the free space and the structure of the protective cover and the positioning of the object to be protected can be determined within the smoke protection sheath to be generated, the preferred wind direction can be taken into account, wherein in a preferred embodiment, the free space in the direction , from which the wind comes preferred, is chosen to be larger than on the leeward side of the object to be protected.

The free space can be selected in a preferred Ausfühmngsform so that at the predetermined wind speeds and the required total protection time a one-time generation of the smoke protection cover is sufficient. For example, with a required protection time of 180 seconds and a maximum wind speed of 10 m / s, a free space of approximately 1800 m would have to be provided.

In a further embodiment, however, it is also possible to form the object protection system such that at certain time intervals, at least twice, a smoke protection cover is generated.

In such an object protection system, free space and frequency or time intervals between the individual generation of the smoke protection envelopes are tuned to the desired total protection period, the total required guard time t _{tot being} an integer multiple of the so-called post-natal sequence time t _{n in order} to optimize the required amount of mist the fog amount is minimized. If the required guard time were not an integer multiple of the post-nourishment sequence time, it could be necessary, for example shortly before the end of the entire guard time, to generate a new nebulization shell, which then lasts longer than the required guard time, which would lead to an increased use amount of the active agents. The Nachnähren can take place in a slightly different place central or decentralized, in order to complicate the Orientiemng and Zielfindung in addition.

The height of the fog protection cover corresponds to at least the maximum height of the object to be protected, but preferably the fog protection cover is higher than the object to be protected, for example, to ensure that even with an approach of an aircraft from a greater height, the object remains hidden longer, which in particular then Meaning is, if the fog protection cover is not closed at the top. In a preferred Ausfühmngsform this additional, beyond the height of the building height of the fog protective sheath depends on the one of the free space, ie the distance of the fog protection sheath to the side boundaries of the object to be protected, as well as a maximum assumed approach angle of an aircraft or a flying object, so that it is preferably ensured that the free space and total height of the smoke protection cover are coordinated so that the object to be protected, for example, from an aircraft can only be seen through the upper edge of the fog protection cover through an upper opening when the then required approach angle of the aircraft the object is too high to control the aircraft or the flying object still on the object to be protected.

Preferably, the hose-shaped protective mist cover is designed so that a free space .DELTA.r of the following formula

Δr ≥ t tot

where t _{tot is} the desired total protection duration and v _{w is} the assumed wind speed.

The total height H of the smoke protection sheath is furthermore selected as a function of the object height h _o b _j and as a function of the free space Δ r and a maximum assumed approach angle β to the horizontal of an aircraft or a flying object, so that the overall height H preferably satisfies the following formula:

H> h _obj + _Δr • tan ß,

wherein as approach angle ß preferably a value of 20 ° to the horizontal is assumed, in another embodiment, an angle ß of 10 ° or 5 ° to the horizontal is assumed.

In addition to the above values for the clearance Δr and the overall height H of the smoke cover, in a preferred embodiment further "safety surcharges" may be taken into account, for example the above values for Δr and H may be increased by 50% or even by 100% to increase the safety factor or not waited for external influences, such as a higher wind speed or a wind from an unexpected direction, to compensate.

The greater the clearance Δ r is chosen, the greater must therefore, depending on the maximum approach angle ß, and the total height H are selected so that with an increase in the free space Δ r not only the extent of the smoke protection cover, but also the height and Thus, the total area of the smoke protection cover rise, so that a higher number of active agents is required to produce such a protective cover. On the other hand, increasing the clearance Δ r also increases the overall protection period or, in the case of multiple generation of fog shrouds, the post-nourishment time t _n , so that a fog shroud must be generated less frequently, which again reduces the fog usage amount.

If, for example, a maximum approach angle β of 20 °, a maximum wind speed of 10 m / s, an object with a radius r of 50 m and a height h _0bj of 30 m are assumed, and fog grenades with a disintegration radius d _n j = 40 m, a sinking speed of the active mass of about 4 m / s and a burning time of 15 seconds, ie a fog height per fog grenade of 60 m assumed, with a required protection time of 180 seconds at a free space Δ r of 1800 m only once a fog protection cover be generated while at a free space of 600 m must be nachgewährt twice, so a total of three times a fog protection cover must be generated. With a free space Δ r of 200 m, a total of nine times a fog protection cover must be generated.

For the above data and assumptions, the values shown in the table below are given for the total amount of mist applied:

table

From the table shown above it can be seen that the total amount of fog required is lowest for a free space Δr = 200 m. This applies to the case of a 20 ° approach angle, at other angles of approach, the conditions change, so that with larger open spaces lower fog amounts can be sufficient.

Depending on the situation and the size of the object, free spaces Δ r are preferably provided that are greater than 150 m, preferably greater than 200 m, particularly preferably greater than 250 m or even 300 m.

In a particularly preferred Ausfühmngsform the object protection system and the launcher and the fog grenades are designed so that at a total required protection time three to four times the fog protection must be generated, that is nachgenährt two to three times. For this purpose, sufficient smoke grenades must be present in the launcher, so that in a relatively short time without manual reloading several grenades can be fired.

The entire system may preferably be designed so that several attacks can be fought off, preferably at least two to three attacks.

The object protection system and the firing devices are preferably designed so that a Nachnähren the smoke protection cover after a first generation of the fog protection cover at fixed intervals, which, as explained above, are dependent on the assumed wind speed v _w and the free space Δ r.

In a preferred embodiment, furthermore, a controller is provided, which can be provided in particular as part of the launcher or the dispenser units. Such a control preferably has the following tasks:

Triggering the launcher for generating the smoke bag, in particular firing all necessary ammunition for a complete smoke bag, timing of irritation effects for delayed disassembly of all ammunition of a smoke cover, preferably the Tamschutz can be generated with 5 time-delayed decompositions within 10 seconds, clocking the Nachnährungen for the Preservation of camouflage protection, generation of a total fault message and forwarding to a fiber optic control line (fiber optic control line), display of all system error messages, such as errors in the manual ignition circuit (individual ignition circuits) and the total fault message, generating the ignition voltage for the launch of each Ammunition from the respective launcher or Dispensem, Manual triggering of the ignition circuit, preferably a Sichemng against false triggering is provided.

In the control, protection against voltage failure / voltage recovery is preferably integrated.

In another embodiment of the object protection system, it is further provided with a wind measuring device which measures the actual prevailing wind during and after the first generation of a nebulizing cover, so that the post-nourishment time is automatically selected in dependence on the measurements of the wind measuring devices. The time intervals between the Nachnähren are thus not dependent on the assumed statistical data, but on the real wind speed and optionally - direction. Another Ausfühmngsform with knowledge of the approach direction by sensors or computer science concerns the sectoral release of the smoke screen. This is particularly beneficial in military applications where more common threats are expected compared to civil applications.

The invention also relates to a method for protecting objects in which in the vicinity of an object to be protected by means of a plurality of fog grenades, the effective mass are implemented in height, so that each fog grenade generates a specified fog area, a fog protection shell is generated, wherein the plurality of fog grenades and the plurality of generated mist areas in combination form a substantially tubular protective smoke cover substantially completely surrounding the object to be protected in lateral directions and having a minimum height corresponding at least to the height of the object to be protected. In order to avoid repetition, reference is also made to the above description with regard to the special features of the method and with regard to the advantages of the method.

These and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the accompanying schematic drawings. Show it:

1 shows an object to be protected with and without fog protection cover in a perspective view obliquely from above and in a plan view;

Figure 2 is a partial section of a fog protective cover according to the invention.

3 schematically shows a partial cross section of a smoke protection cover around an object to be protected;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an object to be protected and a cross-sectional shape of the misting shield shell; FIG. and

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing a possible relative arrangement of decomposition circuits according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows schematically an object to be protected 10, in this case a nuclear power plant, wherein the object 10 to be protected is shown in the upper part of Fig. 1 from a substantially lateral view and in a plan view. In the lower part of Fig. 1, the object to be protected 10 is shown, which is surrounded by an object protection system according to the invention with a protective cover 20, wherein the protective cover 20 is shown in Fig. 1 only very schematically, especially the mist areas generated by the fog grenades only circle are shown - or spherical, wherein the circles or balls represent the respective disassembly circle of a fog grenade.

In the lower left-hand area, the object shielded by the protective mist cover is shown schematically as it would be seen, for example, from the perspective of an approaching aircraft. The smoke cover is higher than the maximum height of the building 10, only by the oblique angle, the highest elevation of the building 10 through the opening of the smoke cover 20 can be seen.

In the lower right part of Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of the protected by the protective cover 20 object 10 can be seen, from which it can be seen in particular that the Ausfühmngsform Ausfühmngsform the anti-fog sheath 20 has a substantially circular cross section in the horizontal direction, wherein this Cross section tapered with increasing height.

In Fig. 2 is a partial section of a fog protection sheath is shown schematically, as it is produced with the object protection system according to the invention or according to the inventive method. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the smoke cover 20 is produced by the interaction of a plurality of fog grenades, which are vertically displaced at their superior positions, so that in the manner of a mosaic, a substantially closed mist cover (20, see FIG. Fig. 1) is generated.

During the conversion or dismantling of the fog grenades, a decomposition cycle 22 is produced, which has a decomposition diameter d 1. Due to the decrease of the reacted fogging compound, in which preferably very light elements are used, depending on the rate of descent and the duration of mist generation, ie the duration of the burning time of the fogging compound, a mist carpet 24 is produced, so that a total of one mist area 26 is formed with an extension in the horizontal direction of d _n ι and a height in the vertical direction of h _n ι per fog grenade. The plurality of mist areas 26 combine to create the mist shield (20). It should be noted at this point that the Fig. 2, the decomposition circuits 22 and the misting rugs 24 and the mist areas 26 only schematically represents. Also, in Fig. 2, the decomposition circuits are positioned so that they are arranged at a slight distance from each other, but it is also possible that the object protection system of the invention and the launcher and the fog grenades are designed so that the mist circles 22 at least in the horizontal direction directly to each other border or preferably even slightly overlap.

FIG. 3 shows schematically an object 10 to be protected with a height h _obj , which is surrounded by a protective _{cover 20 according} to the invention with an object protection system. The _{smoke cover} 20 is spaced from the object with a clearance Δ r and has a total height H corresponding to the height of the object h _obj plus an additional height Δ h.

The additional height Δ h is chosen as a function of a maximum possible approach angle ß to the horizontal of a flying object 40 and the selected free space Δ r so that at the moment in the plane from the object to be protected 10 on the upper limit of the fog protection shell 20 is visible, the maximum approach angle ß has already been exceeded, so that the aircraft, as soon as the object is visible, can no longer be controlled on the object 10. The overall height H therefore satisfies the following formula in the embodiment shown here:

H> h _ob , + Δ r • tan ß

In one embodiment, a safety factor is preferably included, so that the total height H satisfies, for example, the following formula:

H> 1.5 x (h _obj + Δ r - tan β)

Fig. 4 shows schematically and in cross-sectional view a substantially elliptical anti-fog sheath 20, which according to the invention has been produced around a rectangular object 10 to be protected. The ratios of the two semiaxes of the ellipse a, b have the same ratio to one another as the lengths of the side dimensions of the object x ₀ , y ₀ , wherein the elliptical cross section of the antifogging 20 satisfies the following formula: x ² / a ² + y ² / b ^{2 ■■}

It is possible that the anti-misting sheath 20 maintains this elliptical cross-section over the entire height, but it is also possible that the shape of the anti-misting sheath changes vertically upward. It is also possible that the smoke protection sheath tapers upwards in the vertical direction.

Fig. 5 shows schematically a relative Positioniemng two Zerlegungskreise 22 of fog grenades having a Zerlegungsdurchmesser d _n ι of 40 m. As clearly shown in Figure 5, in the embodiment shown here, the decomposition circuits have been positioned so that they overlap over a partial area of approximately 10 m, so that the centers of the decomposition circuits are approximately 30 m apart.

FIG. 5 also shows an example of the values for the transmission produced by the decomposition circuits, wherein it should be taken into account that the concentration c in the overlap has twice the value as in the remainder of the haze module.

The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawing and in the claims may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Object protection system and method for protecting objects

1. object protection system with a plurality of launcher for launcher with active masses, which are arranged in the vicinity of an object to be protected (10), wherein the effective masses of the fog grenades are implemented in height, so that each fog grenade in the implementation of a fog area (22, 24, 26), and wherein the launcher and the fog grenades are formed such that the plurality of generated mist areas (22, 24, 26) in combination form a substantially tubular mist cover (20) enclosing the object (10) to be protected. substantially completely surrounds in lateral directions, or at least form a sector of such a tubular protective smoke cover (20), said at least one sector surrounding the object to be protected (10) in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, wherein the protective cover (20 ) has a minimum height H, wherein the height H is dependent on the height h _0bj of the object and an additional height Δh, which is dependent on a distance Δr of the smoke protection cover (20) from the object to be protected, and a approach angle β of a flying object (40), so that the height H of the smoke protection cover (20) of the formula H> h _obj + Δr • tan ß is sufficient, where ß assumes a maximum value of 20 ° to the horizontal.

2. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular smoke protection cover (20) has a substantially circular cross-section in the horizontal direction.

3. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular smoke protection cover (20) has a substantially oval cross-section in the horizontal direction.

4. Object protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tubular smoke protection cover (20) has a substantially rectangular or polygonal cross-section in the horizontal direction.

5. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular smoke protection cover (20) tapers in a vertical direction upwards.

6. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fog protection cover (20) in the immediate vicinity of the object to be protected (10) is generated.

7. Object protection device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the smoke protection cover (20) is generated at a distance from the object to be protected (10), so that between the protective cover (20) and the object to be protected (10) of the free space Δr arises, wherein the size of the free space Δr is selected as a function of a required total protection time tg _eS and a predetermined wind speed v _\ y.

8. Object protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that the selected free space Δ r satisfies the formula .DELTA.r> t _ges • vw.

9. Object protection device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the launcher and the fog grenades are formed and so many fog grenades are provided ready to fire in the launcher that at least twice a fog protection cover (20) can be generated.

10. Object protection device according Anspmch 9, characterized in that the object protection system (12) is formed so that the smoke protection cover (20) can be generated at least twice at predetermined time intervals.

11. Protection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a wind measuring device.

12. A method of protecting an object in which a plurality of fog grenades having effective masses are transposed in height so that each fog grenade generates a mist area (22, 24, 26) during the translation, whereby the fog grenades are spatially and geometrically translated in that the multiplicity of generated mist areas (20, 24, 26) in combination form a substantially tubular protective mist cover (20) which substantially completely surrounds the object (10) to be protected in lateral directions, or at least one sector of such a tubular protective mist cover (FIG. 20), said at least one sector surrounding the object to be protected (10) in lateral directions over an angular range of at least 90 °, wherein the protective cover (20) has a minimum height H which is at least the height h _{0bj of} the object to be protected (10), where the height H is dependent on the height h _o b _{j of} the object and an additional height Δh , which is dependent on a distance Δr of the smoke protection cover (20) from the object to be protected, and an approach angle β of a flying object (40), so that the height H of the fog _{protection cover} (20) of the formula H> h _0bj + Δr • tan ß is sufficient, where ß assumes a value of a maximum of 20 ° to the horizontal.

13. The method according Anspmch 12, characterized in that a substantially tubular smoke protection cover (20) is generated, which has in the horizontal direction substantially a circular, oval, rectangular or polygonal cross-section.

14. The method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the smoke protection cover (20) in the immediate vicinity of the object to be protected (10) is generated.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that the fog protection cover (20) is generated at a distance from the object to be protected (10), so that between the fog protection cover (20) and the object to be protected (10) has a free space Δr arises, wherein the size of the free space Δr is selected as a function of a required total protection time t _ges and a predetermined wind speed vw.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that the smoke protection cover (20) is generated just once for a required total protection period.

17. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that in order to achieve a required total protection period, a smoke protection cover (20) is generated at least two times in time intervals one behind the other.

18. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the generation of the protective mist cover is started manually.

19. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the generation of the protective mist cover (20) is started automatically by a sensor device.

20. The method according to claim 19, characterized in that it is a radar system in the sensor device.